Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
  • C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
  • C10L1/1832—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
  • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/223—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/226—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond, e.g. azo compounds, azides, hydrazines

Definitions

• This invention relates to unleaded aviation gasoline compositions which satisfy the specification requirements of ASTM Specification D910-90.
• This invention is deemed to overcome the above problem most expeditiously.
• an unleaded aviation gasoline composition which comprises a blend of hydrocarbons and at least one cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound dissolved therein in an amount such that said gasoline composition has a minimum knock value lean rating octane number of 100 as determined by ASTM Test Method D2700 and wherein Motor Method octane ratings are converted to aviation ratings in the manner described in ASTM Specification D910-90, said composition being further characterized by having: a) a distillation temperature as determined by ASTM Test Method D86 of 10% evaporated, 75°C (167°F) maximum temperature; 40% evaporated, 75°C (167°F) maximum temperature; 90% evaporated, 135°C (275°F) maximum temperature; and a final boiling point of 170°C (338°F) maximum temperature; the sum of the 10 and 50% evaporated temperatures being 152.8°C (307°F) minimum; the distillation recovery being 97% minimum; the distillation residue being 1.5% maximum; and the distillation loss
• Preferred gasoline compositions are those in which the gasoline composition additionally has a minimum performance number reported to the nearest whole number and as determined by ASTM Test Method D909 of 130.
• a minimum performance number of 130 is equivalent to a knock value determined using isooctane plus 1.28 milliliters of tetraethyllead per 3.79 Litres (per gallon).
• Another embodiment of this invention provides the method of operating a four stroke cycle, reciprocating piston aircraft engine which comprises providing or using as the fuel for said engine a gasoline composition of this invention.
• Cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compounds which can be used in the practice of this invention include cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, dimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, trimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tetramethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, diethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, propylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, isopropylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tert-butylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, octylcyclopenta
• cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyls which are liquid at room temperature such as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, liquid mixtures of cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, and mixtures of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl.
• Preparation of such compounds is described in the literature, for example, U.S. 2,818,417.
• the unleaded gasoline composition additionally contains at least one antioxidant in an amount not in excess of 3.8 kg per 159 m 3 (8.4 pounds per 1000 barrels), said antioxidant being selected from the group N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, a mixture of 75% minimum 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol plus 25% maximum di- and tri-tert-butylphenol; and a mixture of 75% minimum di- and triisopropyl phenols plus 25% maximum di- and tri-tert-butylphenol.
• the amount of such antioxidant does not exceed 1.9 kg per 159 m 3 (4.2 pounds per 1000 barrels).
• the base fuels used in the foregoing compositions can be blends of refined hydrocarbon derived from crude petroleum, natural gasoline, or blends thereof with synthetic hydrocarbons or aromatic hydrocarbons, or both. Blending components, if approved for use in aviation gasolines, such as oxygenated ingredients, can be included. Rarely, if ever, will the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the gasoline exceed levels above 25%. As noted above, the overall composition must satisfy the requirements a) through h) inclusive as set forth above.
• dyes which do not contribute to excessive induction system deposits include dyes which do not contribute to excessive induction system deposits.
• Typical dyes which can be employed are 1,4-dialkylaminanthraquinone, p-diethylaminoazobenzene (Color Index No. 11020) or Color Index Solvent Yellow No. 107, methyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol (methyl derivatives of Color Index No. 26105), alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol, or equivalent materials.
• the amounts used should, wherever possible, conform to the limits specified in ASTM Specification D910-90.
• Fuel system icing inhibitors may also be included in the fuels of this invention. Preferred are ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and isopropyl alcohol, although materials giving equivalent performance may be considered acceptable for use. Amounts used should, wherever possible, conform to the limits referred to in ASTM Specification D910-90.
• the concentration of the cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound used in the unleaded aviation gasoline base stock satisfying the above criteria will vary to some extent depending upon the identity and properties of the base fuel and the octane quality desired in the finished fuel. Ordinarily amounts equivalent to 0.01-0.5 gram of manganese per gallon of fuel are sufficient, although higher amounts can be used whenever deemed necessary or appropriate, provided that the resultant fuel composition satisfies the requirements of a) through h) above.
• the fuel will contain up to 0.25 gram of manganese per 3.79 Litres (per gallon) as one or more cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compounds.
• this invention further provides a method of operating a four stroke cycle, reciprocating piston aircraft engine which comprises providing and/or using as the fuel for said engine a gasoline composition of this invention, and providing and/or using as the lubricating oil for said engine a lubricating oil composition satisfying the chemical and physical property requirements set forth below;
• the chemical and physical property requirements of the lubricating oil used in the foregoing preferred aircraft engine embodiment are as follows: 1) Viscosity, m 2 /S (cSt), per ASTM D 445: SAE Grade Minimum at 100°C Less than at 100°C 30 9.3x10 -6 (9.3) 12.5x10 -6 (12.5) 40 12.5x10 -6 (12.5) 16.3x10 -6 (16.3) 50 16.3x10 -6 (16.3) 21.9x10 -6 (21.9) 60 21.9x10 -6 (21.9) 26.1x10 -6 (26.1) 2) Multigrade oil shall meet the viscosity requirements and the Low Temperature Viscosity Cold Crank Simulation requirements of SAE Test Method J300 for the designated grade.
• Viscosity Index minimum per ASTM D 2270: 100 for SAE grades 30, 40 and Multigrade; 95 for SAE grades 50 and 60.
• Flash Point °C, minimum per ASTM D 92: 220 for SAE grades 30 and Multigrade; 225 for SAE grade 40; and 243 for SAE grades 50 and 60.
• Pour Point °C, maximum per ASTM D 97: -24 for SAE grade 30; -22 for SAE grade 40; and -18 for SAE grades 50 and 60.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 1992
  • 1992-10-08 CA CA 2080193 patent/CA2080193C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-10-23 AU AU27249/92A patent/AU656237B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1992-10-27 EP EP19920309836 patent/EP0540297B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-10-27 DE DE1992615333 patent/DE69215333T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-10-27 JP JP31117592A patent/JPH05239477A/ja active Pending

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