EP0537074A1 - Circuit breaker with composite sleeve provided with a monitoring device - Google Patents

Circuit breaker with composite sleeve provided with a monitoring device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0537074A1
EP0537074A1 EP92402750A EP92402750A EP0537074A1 EP 0537074 A1 EP0537074 A1 EP 0537074A1 EP 92402750 A EP92402750 A EP 92402750A EP 92402750 A EP92402750 A EP 92402750A EP 0537074 A1 EP0537074 A1 EP 0537074A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
circuit breaker
cylinder
breaker according
breaking chamber
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92402750A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0537074B1 (en
Inventor
Van Doan Pham
Alain Girodet
Joseph Martin
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Alstom Holdings SA
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GEC Alsthom SA
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Publication of EP0537074A1 publication Critical patent/EP0537074A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/668—Means for obtaining or monitoring the vacuum

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit breaker with a composite material casing equipped with a monitoring device. More precisely, it relates to a circuit breaker comprising a cut-off chamber with an envelope of composite insulating material consisting of a cylinder of glass fibers impregnated with epoxy resin provided externally with a polymer coating forming fins and metal collars at its ends.
  • circuit breakers are currently undergoing significant development and, in general, composite insulators used as a support insulator and as an enclosure for an interrupting chamber are increasingly used given their advantageous properties of lightness, good resistance to high pressure, capacity anti-explosion and their competitive cost.
  • These insulators generally comprise a cylinder made of glass fibers impregnated with epoxy resin protected on the outside by a coating with fins of polymer, silicone or EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer).
  • fluorescent plastic optical fibers are used for the detection of the arc duration in a dielectric gas circuit breaker, in particular to SF6.
  • the optical fiber is mounted inside the circuit breaker in the ceramic support column. This arrangement has the disadvantages that the fiber is in contact with the breaking gas and that a sealed outlet of the fiber is necessary.
  • the present invention relates to a new application of these fibers to the monitoring of circuit breakers with a composite envelope.
  • the circuit breaker comprises an arc detection means consisting of a fluorescent optical fiber, one end of which is arranged outside and close to said cylinder and the other end of which is connected to a photodetector.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to detect from the outside the arc in the breaking chamber during the operations of the circuit breaker equipped with composite insulators.
  • the fiber is placed at a location where it can detect the arc and, more precisely, it is mounted near the lower collar of the breaking chamber.
  • the epoxy glass cylinder lets in the light created by the cutting arc.
  • the method of mounting the optical fiber which comes first to mind is to drown the fiber placed on this cylinder when the polymeric fins are placed on the cylinder.
  • this operation requires a temperature greater than 100 ° C. and a fluorescent plastic optical fiber can permanently withstand only a temperature less than or equal to approximately 70 ° C. It is therefore impossible to operate in this direct way.
  • the invention provides two variants for mounting the fiber.
  • the fiber is directly wound on the cylinder in a space left empty, after completion of the finned polymer coating, between the collar and the lower end of the coating and embedded in a layer of translucent polymer, a protective layer opaque being placed on the layer.
  • the fiber is housed in the blind hole of a small transparent cylinder, glued with a transparent adhesive on the cylinder before the polymer coating with fins and coated in the latter, an opaque sleeve ensuring sealing.
  • the interrupting chamber is carried by a composite support insulator of constitution identical to that of the interrupting chamber and the fluorescent fiber is connected to an ordinary silica optical fiber, which is embedded in the polymer coating along the cylinder of the isolator supporting the breaking chamber, the lower end of the fiber being connected to the photodetector.
  • the breaking chamber is carried by a support and the fluorescent fiber is introduced into an isolator adjacent to the support, its end being connected to the photodetector, at the outlet of this isolator.
  • the voltage can be detected with the same optical fiber used for monitoring the arc duration.
  • the voltage detection means is interposed between the mounting arrangement of the fiber and the photodetector.
  • the breaking chamber preferably, it consists of a metal plate rigidly connected to the socket of the breaking chamber, supporting an insulating bell, sealed, opaque, filled with dielectric gas at atmospheric pressure, for example dry air or nitrogen, and crossed by the fiber also passing through an orifice of the plate, a metal rod being fixed vertically on the plate at a certain distance from the fiber.
  • dielectric gas at atmospheric pressure, for example dry air or nitrogen
  • the fiber is protected by a transparent glass tube, inside the bell.
  • a second fluorescent fiber can be installed next to the first, its free end opening into the bell.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention.
  • Figures 2 and 3 are detail views of this circuit breaker according to a first mounting variant of the optical fiber.
  • Figure 4 is a detail view of the voltage sensing arrangement.
  • Figure 5 is a detail view of this circuit breaker according to a second mounting variant of the optical fiber.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are views in longitudinal section of a second embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention.
  • the breaking chamber 1 comprising inside a fixed contact, a moving contact and sockets 4 and 5.
  • the envelope of this breaking chamber is made of composite material, namely made of a cylinder 100 made of glass fibers impregnated with epoxy resin protected on the outside by a coating 101 forming fins made of polymer, silicone or EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer).
  • Metal collars 105, lower and upper, arranged at the ends of the envelope reinforce the latter.
  • This chamber 1 is placed on an insulating support 6, of the same constitution as the envelope.
  • a fluorescent plastic optical fiber 102 is arranged around the composite cylinder 100 and leaves tangentially thereto, by an arrangement which will be described precisely below. To avoid disturbing the voucher operation of the insulating jacket, this fiber 102 is preferably installed as close as possible to the metal collar 105.
  • the fiber 102 protected by an opaque sheath 106 enters a bell 107 mounted on a small diameter composite support insulator 109 arranged next to it of the support 6. The precise arrangement of the bell 107 will be specified below.
  • a metal rod 110 whose free end is rounded and which has a fairly small diameter is mounted vertically in the bell 107 on a metal plate connected to the socket 5. It is dimensioned to create weak visual scents by crown effect, at the minimum phase-to-earth network voltage.
  • a suitable photodiode or photodetector 112 is mounted at the outlet of the fiber 102 from the support insulator 109.
  • the fiber 102 permanently picks up the weak light emitted under the crown effect of the rod 110 and sends it to the photodiode 112 which allows the detection of the voltage.
  • the fiber 102 captures the light from the arc along its length surrounding the cylinder 100, through the latter. This relatively large light is thus added to that rather weak coming from the bell 107 and its analysis makes it possible to determine the duration of the arc and to evaluate the intensity of the corresponding current.
  • the support 109 can be used for other applications, for example for the passage of opto-powered optical fibers used with electronic components for the measurement of current and voltage.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 A first embodiment of the mounting of the fiber 102 on the envelope of the breaking chamber 1 is now described with FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the polymer coating 101 is produced on the cylinder 100 of glass fibers and resin so as to be interrupted at a distance of approximately 5 mm from the metal collar 105. Once this coating has been produced, the fiber 102 is directly wound on the cylinder 100 in the space left empty between the collar 105 and the lower end of the covering 101. It is then embedded in a layer 103 of transparent or translucent polymer crosslinking at a temperature less than or equal to 70 ° C., for example in epoxy resin of the "Araldite" type, this layer 103 filling the space left previously empty. An opaque protective layer 104 is then placed on the layer 103, so as to prevent any passage of the light from the fiber towards the outside of the chamber and vice versa. For example, this last layer 104 is made of silicone sealant or polyurethane.
  • the fiber 102 leaves tangentially to the cylinder 100 in order to avoid an excessively large radius of curvature which would be detrimental to its proper functioning. Just before it leaves layers 103 and 104, it is protected by the opaque sheath 106.
  • Figure 4 shows in more detail the voltage detection arrangement.
  • a metal plate 108 is mounted above the support insulator 109 and rigidly connected to the socket 5 of the breaking chamber 1 as shown in Figure 1. It supports the insulating bell 107, closed, waterproof and perfectly opaque which is crossed by the fiber 102 which arrives from the periphery of the breaking chamber 1 protected from its opaque sheath 106. The bare fiber 102 passes through an orifice in the plate 108, to descend along the support insulator 109.
  • a rod 110 is fixed vertically on the plate 108 at a certain distance from the fiber 102.
  • the fiber 102 is protected by a tube 116 made of transparent glass.
  • the interior space of the bell 107 is filled with dry air or nitrogen at atmospheric pressure.
  • a desiccant 111 for example "Silicagel", is deposited inside the bell 107.
  • a second fluorescent fiber 102 ′ can be installed next to the first, its free end opening into the bell inside the tube 116.
  • This fiber 102 ′ allows a visual check of the presence of voltage, by simple vision of the light at its end at its lower outlet from the support insulator 109.
  • This fiber 114,114 ′ is connected to the fluorescent fiber 102,102 ′ by conventional junctions 113,113 ′.
  • FIG. 5 A second embodiment of the mounting of the fiber 102 on the envelope of the breaking chamber 1 is now described with FIG. 5.
  • This embodiment is suitable for the case where the light emitted by the breaking arc is sufficient even for a weak current. It is then not necessary to capture the light around the entire periphery of the cylinder 100 made of glass fibers and resin.
  • a small transparent glass cylinder 120 with a diameter of approximately 10 mm and a length of approximately 3 cm, having a blind hole 121 is bonded with a transparent adhesive to the cylinder 100, before the polymer coating is produced. with fins 101. Its end in contact with the cylinder 100 is slightly concave to match the external surface of the latter.
  • the cylinder 120 When the coating 101 is put in place, the cylinder 120 is coated by its peripheral surface in the polymer. After polymerization of the coating 101, the end of the fluorescent fiber 102 is introduced and immobilized in the blind hole 121. It is, on the outside, protected by the opaque sheath 103 and by an opaque sleeve 122 made of elastomer, which ensures the seal.
  • Fiber 102 has a diameter of about 1 mm.
  • the light from the cutting arc passes through the cylinder 100 and the small cylinder 121 and is received by the fiber 102 over a length of the order of 2.5 mm and on its transverse end surface.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are views in longitudinal section of a second embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention.
  • a second support insulator 109 is not used.
  • the fluorescent fiber 102 protected by its opaque sheath is connected by a connector 202 to an ordinary optical fiber 200, for example at silica, which is embedded in the polymer coating along the glass fiber and resin cylinder of the support insulator 6 of the breaking chamber 1.
  • the lower end of the fiber 200 is connected in turn to a photodiode or to a photodetector 112.
  • FIG. 7 represents a similar circuit breaker, with a voltage detection device identical to that described above and mounted in a similar manner, interposed at the end of the fluorescent fiber 102 before the connection of the latter with the ordinary fiber 200 by connector 202.

Landscapes

  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising a cutout chamber (1) with composite insulating material sleeve consisting of a cylinder made from glass fibres impregnated with epoxy resin furnished externally with a polymer coating forming vanes and with metal collars (105, 115) at its ends. The circuit breaker comprises an arc-detecting means consisting of a fluorescent optical fibre (102), one end of which is arranged outside and close to the said cylinder and the other end of which is connected to a photodetector (112). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un disjoncteur à enveloppe en matériau composite équipé d'un dispositif de surveillance. Elle concerne plus précisément un disjoncteur comprenant une chambre de coupure à enveloppe en matériau isolant composite constituée d'un cylindre en fibres de verre imprégnées de résine époxy pourvu extérieurement d'un revêtement en polymère formant des ailettes et de colliers métalliques à ses extrémités.The present invention relates to a circuit breaker with a composite material casing equipped with a monitoring device. More precisely, it relates to a circuit breaker comprising a cut-off chamber with an envelope of composite insulating material consisting of a cylinder of glass fibers impregnated with epoxy resin provided externally with a polymer coating forming fins and metal collars at its ends.

De tels disjoncteurs connaissent actuellement un développement important et de façon générale les isolateurs composites utilisés comme isolateur support et comme enveloppe de chambre de coupure sont de plus en plus employés compte tenu de leurs propriétés avantageuses de légèreté, de bonne tenue en pression élevée, de capacité anti-explosion et de leur coût compétitif. Ces isolateurs comportent en général un cylindre en fibres de verre imprégnées de résine époxy protégé à l'extérieur par un revêtement à ailettes en polymère, en silicone ou en EPDM (éthylène propylène diène monomère).Such circuit breakers are currently undergoing significant development and, in general, composite insulators used as a support insulator and as an enclosure for an interrupting chamber are increasingly used given their advantageous properties of lightness, good resistance to high pressure, capacity anti-explosion and their competitive cost. These insulators generally comprise a cylinder made of glass fibers impregnated with epoxy resin protected on the outside by a coating with fins of polymer, silicone or EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer).

Il est important dans un disjoncteur de détecter l'apparition d'un arc électrique, de mesurer sa durée et d'évaluer l'intensité du courant correspondant. La connaissance de ces paramètres permet d'apprécier l'usure des contacts, de vérifier le bon fonctionnement de l'appareil et d'ainsi de planifier la maintenance et de prévenir les défauts de fonctionnement.It is important in a circuit breaker to detect the appearance of an electric arc, to measure its duration and to evaluate the intensity of the corresponding current. Knowledge of these parameters makes it possible to assess the wear of the contacts, to check the correct operation of the device and thus to plan maintenance and prevent malfunctions.

Dans le brevet français 2 640 386 déposé le 9 décembre 1988 par la Déposante, il est montré qu'il est possible d'employer des fibres optiques fluorescentes pour la détection des effluves lumineux, visibles ou non, dans les appareillages sous enveloppe métallique.In French patent 2,640,386 filed on December 9, 1988 by the Applicant, it is shown that it is possible to use fluorescent optical fibers for the detection of light emanations, visible or not, in apparatus in a metallic envelope.

Dans la demande de brevet français 90 13049 déposée le 22 octobre 1990 par la Déposante, des fibres optiques plastiques fluorescentes sont utilisées pour la détection de la durée d'arc dans un disjoncteur à gaz diélectrique, en particulier à SF6. La fibre optique est montée à l'intérieur du disjoncteur dans la colonne support en céramique. Cette disposition a pour inconvénients que la fibre est en contact avec le gaz de coupure et qu'une sortie étanche de la fibre est nécessaire.In French patent application 90 13049 filed on October 22, 1990 by the Applicant, fluorescent plastic optical fibers are used for the detection of the arc duration in a dielectric gas circuit breaker, in particular to SF6. The optical fiber is mounted inside the circuit breaker in the ceramic support column. This arrangement has the disadvantages that the fiber is in contact with the breaking gas and that a sealed outlet of the fiber is necessary.

La présente invention a pour objet une application nouvelle de ces fibres à la surveillance de disjoncteurs à enveloppe composite.The present invention relates to a new application of these fibers to the monitoring of circuit breakers with a composite envelope.

Selon l'invention, le disjoncteur comprend un moyen de détection d'arc constitué d'une fibre optique fluorescente dont une extrémité est disposée à l'extérieur et à proximité dudit cylindre et dont l'autre extrémité est reliée à un photodétecteur.According to the invention, the circuit breaker comprises an arc detection means consisting of a fluorescent optical fiber, one end of which is arranged outside and close to said cylinder and the other end of which is connected to a photodetector.

Cet agencement permet de détecter de l'extérieur l'arc dans la chambre de coupure lors des manoeuvres du disjoncteur équipé d'isolateurs composites.This arrangement makes it possible to detect from the outside the arc in the breaking chamber during the operations of the circuit breaker equipped with composite insulators.

La fibre est disposée à un emplacement où elle peut détecter l'arc et, plus précisément elle est montée à proximité du collier inférieur de la chambre de coupure.The fiber is placed at a location where it can detect the arc and, more precisely, it is mounted near the lower collar of the breaking chamber.

Le cylindre de verre époxy laisse passer la lumière créée par l'arc de coupure. Le procédé de montage de la fibre optique qui vient le premier à l'esprit est de noyer la fibre disposée sur ce cylindre lors de la mise en place des ailettes en polymère sur le cylindre. Cependant cette opération nécessite une température supérieure à 100°C et une fibre optique plastique fluorescente ne peut supporter en permanence qu'une température inférieure ou égale à environ 70°C. Il est donc impossible d'opérer de cette façon directe.The epoxy glass cylinder lets in the light created by the cutting arc. The method of mounting the optical fiber which comes first to mind is to drown the fiber placed on this cylinder when the polymeric fins are placed on the cylinder. However, this operation requires a temperature greater than 100 ° C. and a fluorescent plastic optical fiber can permanently withstand only a temperature less than or equal to approximately 70 ° C. It is therefore impossible to operate in this direct way.

L'invention propose deux variantes de montage de la fibre.The invention provides two variants for mounting the fiber.

Selon la première variante, la fibre est directement enroulée sur le cylindre dans un espace laissé vide, après réalisation du revêtement polymère à ailettes, entre le collier et l'extrémité inférieure du revêtement et noyée dans une couche de polymère translucide, une couche de protection opaque étant disposée sur la couche.According to the first variant, the fiber is directly wound on the cylinder in a space left empty, after completion of the finned polymer coating, between the collar and the lower end of the coating and embedded in a layer of translucent polymer, a protective layer opaque being placed on the layer.

Selon la seconde variante, la fibre est logée dans le trou borgne d'un petit cylindre transparent, collé avec un adhésif transparent sur le cylindre avant la réalisation du revêtement polymère à ailettes et enrobé dans ce dernier, un manchon opaque assurant l'étanchéité.According to the second variant, the fiber is housed in the blind hole of a small transparent cylinder, glued with a transparent adhesive on the cylinder before the polymer coating with fins and coated in the latter, an opaque sleeve ensuring sealing.

En sortie de l'agencement de montage de la fibre fluorescente, deux modes de réalisation sont possibles.At the end of the mounting arrangement of the fluorescent fiber, two embodiments are possible.

Selon le premier, la chambre de coupure est portée par un isolateur support composite de constitution identique à celle de la chambre de coupure et la fibre fluorescente est reliée à une fibre optique ordinaire à silice, qui est noyée dans le revêtement en polymère le long du cylindre de l'isolateur support de la chambre de coupure, l'extrémité inférieure de la fibre étant reliée au photodétecteur.According to the first, the interrupting chamber is carried by a composite support insulator of constitution identical to that of the interrupting chamber and the fluorescent fiber is connected to an ordinary silica optical fiber, which is embedded in the polymer coating along the cylinder of the isolator supporting the breaking chamber, the lower end of the fiber being connected to the photodetector.

Selon le second, la chambre de coupure est portée par un support et la fibre fluorescente est introduite dans un isolateur adjacent au support, son extrémité étant reliée au photodétecteur, à la sortie de cet isolateur.According to the second, the breaking chamber is carried by a support and the fluorescent fiber is introduced into an isolator adjacent to the support, its end being connected to the photodetector, at the outlet of this isolator.

Il est également utile de connaître la présence de la tension sur le disjoncteur et il est connu de détecter la présence du courant dans les lignes à haute tension à l'aide de lampes à néon. Grâce à l'invention, la tension peut être détectée avec la même fibre optique utilisée pour la surveillance de la durée d'arc.It is also useful to know the presence of voltage on the circuit breaker and it is known to detect the presence of current in high voltage lines using neon lamps. Thanks to the invention, the voltage can be detected with the same optical fiber used for monitoring the arc duration.

Pour ce faire, le moyen de détection de la tension est intercalé entre l'agencement de montage de la fibre et le photodétecteur.To do this, the voltage detection means is interposed between the mounting arrangement of the fiber and the photodetector.

Plus précisément, de préférence, il est constitué d'une plaque métallique reliée rigidement à la prise de courant de la chambre de coupure, supportant une cloche isolante, étanche, opaque, remplie de gaz diélectrique à la pression atmosphérique, par exemple de l'air sec ou de l'azote, et traversée par la fibre passant également par un orifice de la plaque, une tige métallique étant fixée verticalement sur la plaque à un certaine distance de la fibre.More specifically, preferably, it consists of a metal plate rigidly connected to the socket of the breaking chamber, supporting an insulating bell, sealed, opaque, filled with dielectric gas at atmospheric pressure, for example dry air or nitrogen, and crossed by the fiber also passing through an orifice of the plate, a metal rod being fixed vertically on the plate at a certain distance from the fiber.

Selon une caractéristique particulière, la fibre est protégée par un tube en verre transparent, à l'intérieur de la cloche.According to a particular characteristic, the fiber is protected by a transparent glass tube, inside the bell.

Afin de réaliser un contrôle visuel, une seconde fibre fluorescente peut être installée à côté de la première, son extrémité libre débouchant dans la cloche.In order to carry out a visual check, a second fluorescent fiber can be installed next to the first, its free end opening into the bell.

D'autres avantages du disjoncteur conforme à l'invention apparaissent à la lecture de la description suivante.Other advantages of the circuit breaker according to the invention appear on reading the following description.

L'invention est exposée ci-après plus en détail à l'aide de dessins représentant seulement un mode de réalisation préféré.The invention is set out below in more detail with the aid of drawings representing only a preferred embodiment.

La figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un disjoncteur conforme à l'invention.Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention.

Les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues de détail de ce disjoncteur selon une première variante de montage de la fibre optique.Figures 2 and 3 are detail views of this circuit breaker according to a first mounting variant of the optical fiber.

La figure 4 est une vue de détail de l'agencement de détection de la tension.Figure 4 is a detail view of the voltage sensing arrangement.

La figure 5 est une vue de détail de ce disjoncteur selon une seconde variante de montage de la fibre optique.Figure 5 is a detail view of this circuit breaker according to a second mounting variant of the optical fiber.

Les figures 6 et 7 sont des vues en coupe longitudinale d'un second mode de réalisation d'un disjoncteur conforme à l'invention.Figures 6 and 7 are views in longitudinal section of a second embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention.

Sur la figure 1 est représentée la chambre de coupure 1 comportant à l'intérieur un contact fixe, un contact mobile et des prises de courant 4 et 5. L'enveloppe de cette chambre de coupure est en matériau composite, à savoir constituée d'un cylindre 100 en fibres de verre imprégné de résine époxy protégé à l'extérieur par un revêtement 101 formant des ailettes en polymère, en silicone ou en EPDM (éthylène propylène diène monomère). Des colliers métalliques 105, inférieur et supérieur, disposés aux extrémités de l'enveloppe renforcent celle-ci. Cette chambre 1 est posée sur un support isolateur 6, de même constitution que l'enveloppe.In FIG. 1 is shown the breaking chamber 1 comprising inside a fixed contact, a moving contact and sockets 4 and 5. The envelope of this breaking chamber is made of composite material, namely made of a cylinder 100 made of glass fibers impregnated with epoxy resin protected on the outside by a coating 101 forming fins made of polymer, silicone or EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer). Metal collars 105, lower and upper, arranged at the ends of the envelope reinforce the latter. This chamber 1 is placed on an insulating support 6, of the same constitution as the envelope.

Une fibre optique plastique fluorescente 102 est disposée autour du cylindre 100 composite et sort tangentiellement à ce dernier, par un agencement qui sera décrit précisément ci-après. Pour éviter de perturber le bon fonctionnement de l'enveloppe isolatrice, cette fibre 102 est de préférence installée le plus près possible du collier métallique 105. La fibre 102 protégée par une gaine opaque 106 entre dans une cloche 107 montée sur un isolateur support 109 composite de faible diamètre agencé à côté du support 6. L'agencement précis de la cloche 107 sera précisé plus loin. Une tige métallique 110 dont l'extrémité libre est arrondie et qui a un diamètre assez faible est montée verticalement dans la cloche 107 sur une plaque métallique reliée à la prise de courant 5. Elle est dimensionnée pour créer de faibles effluves visuels par effet couronne, à la tension minimale phase-terre du réseau.A fluorescent plastic optical fiber 102 is arranged around the composite cylinder 100 and leaves tangentially thereto, by an arrangement which will be described precisely below. To avoid disturbing the voucher operation of the insulating jacket, this fiber 102 is preferably installed as close as possible to the metal collar 105. The fiber 102 protected by an opaque sheath 106 enters a bell 107 mounted on a small diameter composite support insulator 109 arranged next to it of the support 6. The precise arrangement of the bell 107 will be specified below. A metal rod 110 whose free end is rounded and which has a fairly small diameter is mounted vertically in the bell 107 on a metal plate connected to the socket 5. It is dimensioned to create weak visual scents by crown effect, at the minimum phase-to-earth network voltage.

Une photodiode ou un photodétecteur 112 approprié est monté à la sortie de la fibre 102 de l'isolateur support 109. De cette façon, la fibre 102 capte en permanence la faible lumière émise sous effet couronne de la tige 110 et l'envoie à la photodiode 112 ce qui permet la détection de la tension. Par ailleurs, lors de la coupure du courant dans la chambre 1, la fibre 102 capte la lumière de l'arc sur sa longueur entourant le cylindre 100, à travers celui-ci. Cette lumière relativement importante s'ajoute ainsi à celle assez faible provenant de la cloche 107 et son analyse permet de déterminer la durée de l'arc et d'évaluer l'intensité du courant correspondant.A suitable photodiode or photodetector 112 is mounted at the outlet of the fiber 102 from the support insulator 109. In this way, the fiber 102 permanently picks up the weak light emitted under the crown effect of the rod 110 and sends it to the photodiode 112 which allows the detection of the voltage. Furthermore, during the power cut in the chamber 1, the fiber 102 captures the light from the arc along its length surrounding the cylinder 100, through the latter. This relatively large light is thus added to that rather weak coming from the bell 107 and its analysis makes it possible to determine the duration of the arc and to evaluate the intensity of the corresponding current.

L'enregistrement en continu de la durée d'arc pendant l'ouverture et pendant le fermeture permet d'apprécier l'usure des contacts et le bon fonctionnement du disjoncteur.Continuous recording of the arc duration during opening and during closing allows the wear of the contacts and the proper functioning of the circuit breaker to be assessed.

En cas de non-coupure du disjoncteur, laquelle se traduit par une longue durée d'arc, on peut déclencher la protection générale, surtout lors de la noncoupure avec un courant faible, difficilement détectable par la méthode habituelle.In the event of non-breaking of the circuit breaker, which results in a long arc duration, general protection can be triggered, especially during non-breaking with a low current, difficult to detect by the usual method.

Il est à noter que le support 109 peut être utilisé pour d'autres applications, par exemple pour le passage de fibres optiques opto-alimentées employées avec des composants électroniques pour la mesure du courant et de la tension.It should be noted that the support 109 can be used for other applications, for example for the passage of opto-powered optical fibers used with electronic components for the measurement of current and voltage.

Un premier mode de réalisation du montage de la fibre 102 sur l'enveloppe de la chambre de coupure 1 est maintenant décrit avec les figures 2 et 3.A first embodiment of the mounting of the fiber 102 on the envelope of the breaking chamber 1 is now described with FIGS. 2 and 3.

Le revêtement en polymère 101 est réalisé sur le cylindre 100 de fibres de verre et de résine de façon à s'interrompre à une distance d'environ 5 mm du collier métallique 105. Une fois ce revêtement réalisé, la fibre 102 est directement enroulée sur le cylindre 100 dans l'espace laissé vide entre le collier 105 et l'extrémité inférieure du revêtement 101. Elle est alors noyée dans une couche 103 de polymère transparent ou translucide réticulant à une température inférieur ou égal à 70°C, par exemple en résine époxy du type "Araldite", cette couche 103 remplissant l'espace laissé précédemment vide. Une couche 104 de protection opaque est ensuite disposée sur la couche 103, de façon à empêcher tout passage de la lumière de la fibre vers l'extérieur de la chambre et inversement. Par exemple, cette dernière couche 104 est en mastic de silicone ou polyuréthanne.The polymer coating 101 is produced on the cylinder 100 of glass fibers and resin so as to be interrupted at a distance of approximately 5 mm from the metal collar 105. Once this coating has been produced, the fiber 102 is directly wound on the cylinder 100 in the space left empty between the collar 105 and the lower end of the covering 101. It is then embedded in a layer 103 of transparent or translucent polymer crosslinking at a temperature less than or equal to 70 ° C., for example in epoxy resin of the "Araldite" type, this layer 103 filling the space left previously empty. An opaque protective layer 104 is then placed on the layer 103, so as to prevent any passage of the light from the fiber towards the outside of the chamber and vice versa. For example, this last layer 104 is made of silicone sealant or polyurethane.

La fibre 102 sort tangentiellement au cylindre 100 afin d'éviter un rayon de courbure trop important qui serait préjudiciable à son bon fonctionnement. Juste avant sa sortie des couches 103 et 104, elle est protégée par la gaine opaque 106.The fiber 102 leaves tangentially to the cylinder 100 in order to avoid an excessively large radius of curvature which would be detrimental to its proper functioning. Just before it leaves layers 103 and 104, it is protected by the opaque sheath 106.

La figure 4 représente plus en détail l'agencement de détection de la tension.Figure 4 shows in more detail the voltage detection arrangement.

Une plaque métallique 108 est montée au-dessus de l'isolateur support 109 et reliée rigidement à la prise de courant 5 de la chambre de coupure 1 comme représenté sur la figure 1. Elle supporte la cloche 107 isolante, fermée, étanche et parfaitement opaque qui est traversée par la fibre 102 qui arrive de la périphérie de la chambre de coupure 1 protégée de sa gaine opaque 106. La fibre nue 102 passe par un orifice de la plaque 108, pour descendre le long de l'isolateur support 109.A metal plate 108 is mounted above the support insulator 109 and rigidly connected to the socket 5 of the breaking chamber 1 as shown in Figure 1. It supports the insulating bell 107, closed, waterproof and perfectly opaque which is crossed by the fiber 102 which arrives from the periphery of the breaking chamber 1 protected from its opaque sheath 106. The bare fiber 102 passes through an orifice in the plate 108, to descend along the support insulator 109.

Une tige 110 est fixée verticalement sur la plaque 108 à une certaine distance de la fibre 102. Afin d'éviter l'effet des effluves trop importants lors d'une surélévation temporaire de la tension, la fibre 102 est protégée par un tube 116 en verre transparent.A rod 110 is fixed vertically on the plate 108 at a certain distance from the fiber 102. In order to avoid the effect of excessive scent during an elevation temporary tension, the fiber 102 is protected by a tube 116 made of transparent glass.

L'espace intérieur de la cloche 107 est rempli d'air sec ou d'azote à la pression atmosphérique. Un produit dessiccatif 111, par exemple du "Silicagel", est déposé à l'intérieur de la cloche 107.The interior space of the bell 107 is filled with dry air or nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. A desiccant 111, for example "Silicagel", is deposited inside the bell 107.

Une seconde fibre fluorescente 102′ peut être installée à côté de la première, son extrémité libre débouchant dans la cloche à l'intérieur du tube 116. Cette fibre 102′ permet un contrôle visuel de la présence de la tension, par simple vision de la lumière à son extrémité à sa sortie inférieure de l'isolateur support 109.A second fluorescent fiber 102 ′ can be installed next to the first, its free end opening into the bell inside the tube 116. This fiber 102 ′ allows a visual check of the presence of voltage, by simple vision of the light at its end at its lower outlet from the support insulator 109.

Pour éviter une perte de transmission de la lumière dans la fibre fluorescente 102,102′, il est préférable d'utiliser une fibre plastique transparente ou une fibre optique ordinaire à silice 114,114′ à la sortie de la cloche pour la transmission de la lumière le long de l'isolateur support 109. Cette fibre 114,114′ est reliée à la fibre fluorescente 102,102′ par des jonctions classiques 113,113′.To avoid a loss of light transmission in the fluorescent fiber 102,102 ′, it is preferable to use a transparent plastic fiber or an ordinary optical fiber with silica 114,114 ′ at the outlet of the bell for the transmission of light along the support insulator 109. This fiber 114,114 ′ is connected to the fluorescent fiber 102,102 ′ by conventional junctions 113,113 ′.

Un second mode de réalisation du montage de la fibre 102 sur l'enveloppe de la chambre de coupure 1 est maintenant décrit avec la figure 5.A second embodiment of the mounting of the fiber 102 on the envelope of the breaking chamber 1 is now described with FIG. 5.

Ce mode de réalisation est adapté au cas où la lumière émise par l'arc de coupure est suffisante même pour un courant faible. Il n'est alors pas nécessaire de capter la lumière sur tout le pourtour du cylindre 100 en fibres de verre et résine.This embodiment is suitable for the case where the light emitted by the breaking arc is sufficient even for a weak current. It is then not necessary to capture the light around the entire periphery of the cylinder 100 made of glass fibers and resin.

Un petit cylindre 120 en verre transparent, d'un diamètre d'environ 10 mm et d'une longueur d'environ 3 cm, présentant un trou borgne 121 est collé avec un adhésif transparent sur le cylindre 100, avant la réalisation du revêtement polymère à ailettes 101. Son extrémité en contact avec le cylindre 100 est légèrement concave pour épouser la surface externe de celui-ci.A small transparent glass cylinder 120, with a diameter of approximately 10 mm and a length of approximately 3 cm, having a blind hole 121 is bonded with a transparent adhesive to the cylinder 100, before the polymer coating is produced. with fins 101. Its end in contact with the cylinder 100 is slightly concave to match the external surface of the latter.

Lors de la mise en place du revêtement 101, le cylindre 120 est enrobé par sa surface périphérique dans le polymère. Après polymérisation du revêtement 101, l'extrémité de la fibre fluorescente 102 est introduite et immobilisée dans le trou borgne 121. Elle est, à l'extérieur, protégée par la gaine opaque 103 et par un manchon opaque 122 en élastomère, qui assure l'étanchéité.When the coating 101 is put in place, the cylinder 120 is coated by its peripheral surface in the polymer. After polymerization of the coating 101, the end of the fluorescent fiber 102 is introduced and immobilized in the blind hole 121. It is, on the outside, protected by the opaque sheath 103 and by an opaque sleeve 122 made of elastomer, which ensures the seal.

La fibre 102 a un diamètre d'environ 1 mm. La lumière de l'arc de coupure traverse le cylindre 100 et le petit cylindre 121 et est captée par la fibre 102 sur une longueur de l'ordre de 2,5 mm et sur sa surface transversale d'extrémité.Fiber 102 has a diameter of about 1 mm. The light from the cutting arc passes through the cylinder 100 and the small cylinder 121 and is received by the fiber 102 over a length of the order of 2.5 mm and on its transverse end surface.

Les figures 6 et 7 sont des vues en coupe longitudinale d'un second mode de réalisation d'un disjoncteur conforme à l'invention.Figures 6 and 7 are views in longitudinal section of a second embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention.

Selon cette réalisation, il n'est pas utilisé de second isolateur support 109.According to this embodiment, a second support insulator 109 is not used.

Selon la figure 6, à sa sortie de l'agencement de montage sur l'enveloppe de la chambre de coupure 1, la fibre fluorescente 102 protégée par sa gaine opaque est reliée par un connecteur 202 à une fibre optique ordinaire 200, par exemple à silice, qui est noyée dans le revêtement en polymère le long du cylindre en fibres de verre et résine de l'isolateur support 6 de la chambre de coupure 1. L'extrémité inférieure de la fibre 200 est reliée quant à elle à une photodiode ou à un photodétecteur 112.According to FIG. 6, at its exit from the mounting arrangement on the envelope of the breaking chamber 1, the fluorescent fiber 102 protected by its opaque sheath is connected by a connector 202 to an ordinary optical fiber 200, for example at silica, which is embedded in the polymer coating along the glass fiber and resin cylinder of the support insulator 6 of the breaking chamber 1. The lower end of the fiber 200 is connected in turn to a photodiode or to a photodetector 112.

La figure 7 représente un disjoncteur analogue, avec un dispositif de détection de la tension identique à celui décrit précédemment et monté de façon analogue, intercalé à l'extrémité de la fibre fluorescente 102 avant le raccordement de celle-ci avec la fibre ordinaire 200 par le connecteur 202.FIG. 7 represents a similar circuit breaker, with a voltage detection device identical to that described above and mounted in a similar manner, interposed at the end of the fluorescent fiber 102 before the connection of the latter with the ordinary fiber 200 by connector 202.

Claims (10)

1) Disjoncteur comprenant une chambre de coupure (1) à enveloppe en matériau isolant composite constituée d'un cylindre en fibres de verre imprégnées de résine époxy pourvu extérieurement d'un revêtement en polymère formant des ailettes et de colliers métalliques (105) à ses extrémités, disjoncteur caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un moyen de détection d'arc constitué d'une fibre optique fluorescente (102) dont une extrémité est disposée à l'extérieur et à proximité dudit cylindre et dont l'autre extrémité est reliée à un photodétecteur (112). 1) Circuit breaker comprising a breaking chamber (1) with an envelope of composite insulating material consisting of a glass fiber cylinder impregnated with epoxy resin provided externally with a polymer coating forming fins and metal collars (105) at its ends, circuit breaker characterized in that it comprises an arc detection means consisting of a fluorescent optical fiber (102) one end of which is disposed outside and close to said cylinder and the other end of which is connected to a photodetector (112). 2) Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la fibre (102) est montée à proximité du collier inférieur (105) de la chambre de coupure (1). 2) Circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber (102) is mounted near the lower collar (105) of the breaking chamber (1). 3) Disjoncteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la fibre (102) est directement enroulée sur le cylindre (100) dans un espace laissé vide, après réalisation du revêtement polymère à ailettes, entre le collier (105) et l'extrémité inférieure du revêtement (101) et noyée dans une couche (103) de polymère translucide, une couche (104) de protection opaque étant disposée sur la couche (103). 3) Circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that the fiber (102) is directly wound on the cylinder (100) in a space left empty, after completion of the polymer coating with fins, between the collar (105) and the end lower of the coating (101) and embedded in a layer (103) of translucent polymer, an opaque protective layer (104) being disposed on the layer (103). 4) Disjoncteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la fibre (102) est logée dans le trou borgne (121) d'un petit cylindre (120) transparent, collé avec un adhésif transparent sur le cylindre (100) avant la réalisation du revêtement polymère à ailettes (101) et enrobé dans ce dernier, un manchon opaque (122) assurant l'étanchéité. 4) Circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that the fiber (102) is housed in the blind hole (121) of a small transparent cylinder (120), bonded with a transparent adhesive on the cylinder (100) before production of the finned polymer coating (101) and coated therein, an opaque sleeve (122) ensuring the seal. 5) Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, dont la chambre de coupure (1) est portée par un isolateur support (6) composite de constitution identique à celle de la chambre de coupure, caractérisé en ce que la fibre fluorescente (102), à sa sortie de l'agencement de montage, est reliée à une fibre optique ordinaire (200), qui est noyée dans le revêtement en polymère le long du cylindre de l'isolateur support (6) de la chambre de coupure (1), l'extrémité inférieure de la fibre (200) étant reliée au photodétecteur (112). 5) A circuit breaker according to any one of claims 2 to 4, the breaking chamber (1) of which is carried by a support insulator (6) of composite construction identical to that of the breaking chamber, characterized in that the fluorescent fiber (102), at its exit from the mounting arrangement, is connected to an ordinary optical fiber (200), which is embedded in the polymer coating along the cylinder of the support insulator (6) of the breaking chamber (1), the lower end of the fiber (200) being connected to the photodetector (112). 6) Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, dont la chambre de coupure (1) est portée par un support (6), caractérisé en ce que la fibre fluorescente (102), à sa sortie de l'agencement de montage, est introduite dans un isolateur (109) adjacent au support (6), son extrémité étant reliée au photodétecteur (112), à la sortie de cet isolateur (109). 6) A circuit breaker according to any one of claims 2 to 4, the breaking chamber (1) of which is carried by a support (6), characterized in that the fluorescent fiber (102), at its outlet from the arrangement of mounting, is introduced into an isolator (109) adjacent to the support (6), its end being connected to the photodetector (112), at the output of this isolator (109). 7) Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un moyen de détection de la tension est intercalé entre l'agencement de montage de la fibre (102) et le photodétecteur (112). 7) A circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a voltage detection means is interposed between the mounting arrangement of the fiber (102) and the photodetector (112). 8) Disjoncteur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de détection de la tension est constitué d'une plaque métallique reliée rigidement à la prise de courant (5) de la chambre de coupure (1), supportant une cloche (107) isolante, étanche, opaque, remplie de gaz diélectrique à la pression atmosphérique et traversée par la fibre (102) passant également par un orifice de la plaque, une tige métallique (110) étant fixée verticalement sur la plaque à une certaine distance de la fibre (102). 8) A circuit breaker according to claim 7, characterized in that the voltage detection means consists of a metal plate rigidly connected to the socket (5) of the breaking chamber (1), supporting a bell (107 ) insulating, waterproof, opaque, filled with dielectric gas at atmospheric pressure and traversed by the fiber (102) also passing through an orifice of the plate, a metal rod (110) being fixed vertically on the plate at a certain distance from the fiber (102). 9) Disjoncteur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la fibre (102) est protégée par un tube (116) en verre transparent, à l'intérieur de la cloche (107). 9) Circuit breaker according to claim 8, characterized in that the fiber (102) is protected by a tube (116) in transparent glass, inside the bell (107). 10) Disjoncteur selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu'une seconde fibre fluorescente (102′) est installée à côté de la première, son extrémité libre débouchant dans la cloche (107). 10) Circuit breaker according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a second fluorescent fiber (102 ′) is installed next to the first, its free end opening into the bell (107).
EP92402750A 1991-10-10 1992-10-08 Circuit breaker with composite sleeve provided with a monitoring device Expired - Lifetime EP0537074B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9112472A FR2682527B1 (en) 1991-10-10 1991-10-10 CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH A COMPOSITE MATERIAL EQUIPPED WITH A MONITORING DEVICE.
FR9112472 1991-10-10

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EP0537074A1 true EP0537074A1 (en) 1993-04-14
EP0537074B1 EP0537074B1 (en) 1996-07-10

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EP (1) EP0537074B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE140340T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69212101T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2089452T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2682527B1 (en)

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FR2718883A1 (en) * 1994-04-19 1995-10-20 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Electrical equipment with integrated pressure detection.
FR2731520A1 (en) * 1995-03-08 1996-09-13 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Method for measuring electrical arc current intensity in sulphur hexa:fluoride switching device
DE19539535A1 (en) * 1995-10-24 1997-04-30 Siemens Ag Vacuum interrupter internal pressure monitoring method
EP0962023A4 (en) * 1996-09-13 1999-12-08
WO2000008664A1 (en) * 1998-08-06 2000-02-17 Abb T & D Technology Ltd Pole of a circuit breaker with an integrated optical current sensor
WO2000065622A1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2000-11-02 Abb Ab A device for detecting arcs
US6250432B1 (en) 1996-06-27 2001-06-26 Kelley Company, Inc. Wheel chocking device and method for using the same
US6478525B2 (en) 1996-06-27 2002-11-12 Kelley Company, Inc. Wheel chocking device and method for using the same

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DE29723039U1 (en) * 1997-12-22 1998-03-12 Siemens AG, 80333 München Measuring or monitoring device for a high-voltage circuit breaker
DE102015208268A1 (en) * 2015-05-05 2016-11-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electrical switching device and corresponding circuit system
DE102021209975A1 (en) * 2021-09-09 2023-03-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vacuum switching arrangement and method for detecting an arc

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FR2640386A1 (en) * 1988-12-09 1990-06-15 Alsthom Gec Device for the detection of light-emitting corona discharges in an enclosed space

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EP0365005A2 (en) * 1988-10-21 1990-04-25 VEB "Otto Buchwitz" Starkstrom-Anlagenbau Dresden Process and device to determine the internal pressure of a container
FR2640386A1 (en) * 1988-12-09 1990-06-15 Alsthom Gec Device for the detection of light-emitting corona discharges in an enclosed space

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2718883A1 (en) * 1994-04-19 1995-10-20 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Electrical equipment with integrated pressure detection.
EP0678887A1 (en) * 1994-04-19 1995-10-25 Gec Alsthom T Et D Sa Electrical apparatus with integrated pressure detection
FR2731520A1 (en) * 1995-03-08 1996-09-13 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Method for measuring electrical arc current intensity in sulphur hexa:fluoride switching device
DE19539535A1 (en) * 1995-10-24 1997-04-30 Siemens Ag Vacuum interrupter internal pressure monitoring method
US6250432B1 (en) 1996-06-27 2001-06-26 Kelley Company, Inc. Wheel chocking device and method for using the same
US6478525B2 (en) 1996-06-27 2002-11-12 Kelley Company, Inc. Wheel chocking device and method for using the same
US6585211B1 (en) 1996-06-27 2003-07-01 Kelley Company, Inc. Wheel chocking device and method for using the same
EP0962023A4 (en) * 1996-09-13 1999-12-08
EP0962023A1 (en) * 1996-09-13 1999-12-08 Cooper Industries, Inc. Grading ring insert assembly
WO2000008664A1 (en) * 1998-08-06 2000-02-17 Abb T & D Technology Ltd Pole of a circuit breaker with an integrated optical current sensor
US6608481B1 (en) * 1998-08-06 2003-08-19 Abb T & D Technology Ltd. Pole of a circuit breaker with an integrated optical current sensor
WO2000065622A1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2000-11-02 Abb Ab A device for detecting arcs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2089452T3 (en) 1996-10-01
EP0537074B1 (en) 1996-07-10
ATE140340T1 (en) 1996-07-15
FR2682527A1 (en) 1993-04-16
FR2682527B1 (en) 1993-11-19
DE69212101T2 (en) 1996-11-21
DE69212101D1 (en) 1996-08-14

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