EP0537024A1 - Infrarote-Detektierungsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Infrarote-Detektierungsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0537024A1
EP0537024A1 EP92309235A EP92309235A EP0537024A1 EP 0537024 A1 EP0537024 A1 EP 0537024A1 EP 92309235 A EP92309235 A EP 92309235A EP 92309235 A EP92309235 A EP 92309235A EP 0537024 A1 EP0537024 A1 EP 0537024A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
reflector
radiation
focusing
window
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92309235A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0537024B1 (de
Inventor
John Thomas Grant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Optex Europe Ltd
Original Assignee
Security Enclosures Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Security Enclosures Ltd filed Critical Security Enclosures Ltd
Publication of EP0537024A1 publication Critical patent/EP0537024A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0537024B1 publication Critical patent/EP0537024B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/19—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using infrared-radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/193—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using infrared-radiation detection systems using focusing means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for the detection of infra-red radiation having a passive infra-red sensor and optical elements for focusing infra-red radiation received from a surveyed scene onto the sensor.
  • the primary use of the invention is as an intruder detector responsive to heat radiation radiated by the body of an intruder.
  • British Patent Specification No. 1335410 describes detection apparatus using an array of spherical mirror segments sharing a common focal point at which is located a thermoelectric sensor. The axis of each mirror segment is arranged to produce radially projecting fields of view spaced apart so that an intruder crossing the area and entering and leaving the fields of view causes fluctuations in the level of infra-red energy incident on the sensor.
  • a device using a mirror array generally requires a protective housing with a window on that side of the housing facing the scene to be surveyed to allow infra-red energy to pass to the array without significant absorption and to protect the array from air currents and dust. It is known to use silicon or germanium windows, but polyethylene film typically having a thickness in the region of 0.4mm is more commonly used.
  • a polyethylene window in the form of a Fresnel lens, or an array of Fresnel lenses arranged to produce discrete fields of view.
  • a polyethylene window in the form of a Fresnel lens, or an array of Fresnel lenses arranged to produce discrete fields of view.
  • Such lenses are generally less expensive to manufacture than a focusing array of mirror segments.
  • Fresnel lenses are adequate for intruder detection over a distance range up to about 25 metres, they are less suitable for longer range detection since it is difficult to produce an inexpensive polyethylene lens with a sufficiently accurately defined field of view and without excessive aberration, which at the same time passes the longer infrared wavelengths (typically 7 to 11 microns) without significant absorption.
  • apparatus for the detection of infra-red radiation comprises a passive infra-red sensor, a focusing reflector constructed and arranged to focus infrared radiation received by the apparatus from a first range of distances from the apparatus, on the sensor, and a focusing refractor constructed and arranged to focus infrared radiation received by the apparatus from a second range of distances from the apparatus, on the sensor, the second distance range encompassing distances shorter than the first distance range.
  • the focusing refractor may be a Fresnel lens or an array of Fresnel lenses formed in a sheet of polyethylene material, the lens or array of lenses causing radiation received from an object within the second distance range to converge on the sensor, which is preferably positioned at or near the focal plane of the lens or array of lenses.
  • the sensor and the reflector are contained within a housing one wall of which is formed as a window facing the scene to be surveyed.
  • the window is a polyethylene film, part of which, preferably a lower part, is formed as an array of Fresnel lenses, and another part of which is parallel-sided so as to pass infrared radiation largely without refraction.
  • the focusing reflector may be a concave mirror arranged to receive radiation through the plane portion of the window from objects in the first distance range to cause such radiation to converge on the sensor.
  • a particularly, compact arrangement can be achieved by including a second reflector, preferably a plane reflector, as an intermediate reflector in the optical path between the window and the above-mentioned focusing refractor.
  • the concave reflector is best positioned in the top part of housing with its reflective surface facing downwards and away from the window, and the plane reflector is best mounted generally at the same level as the parallel-sided part of the window rearwardly with respect to the concave reflector oriented so that radiation from a distant object is reflected upwardly to the concave reflector which then reflects the radiation downwardly to converge on the sensor.
  • the sensor should be located at or near the focal plane of the concave reflector, i.e. at or near the intersection of the focal planes of the concave reflector and the Fresnel lens or lenses. It will also be appreciated that a similarly compact arrangement may be achieved with the sensor in an upper part of the housing and with the concave reflector in a lower part.
  • the concave reflector can be positioned towards the rear of the housing so as to reflect incoming radiation forwardly in the housing towards a forwardly mounted sensor.
  • the positioning of the sensor and the optical components described above determines the effective ranges within which radiation sources may be detected according to the inclination of the paths of the incoming radiation with respect of the horizontal.
  • radiation emanating from a body less than 25 metres from the apparatus will be incident upon the window at a greater angle with respect of the horizontal than radiation emanating from a body at, for example, 50 metres.
  • the positioning of the concave and plane reflectors with respect to the sensor and the parallel-sided part of the window is arranged such that radiation from objects at a distance of 50 metres or greater is directed onto the sensor, while the position of the sensor with respect to the lower part of the window, containing the Fresnel lens or lenses is such that the sensor receives radiation only from objects at a distance of 25 metres or less.
  • a typical commercially available infrared sensor has two heat sensitive elements about 1mm wide by 2mm high spaced apart by 1mm. It will be appreciated, then, that if for example, the positioning of the sensor is such that radiation from objects at a distance of approximately 25 metres reaches the sensor, then objects much closer may not be detected.
  • This difficulty can be overcome by including a second plane reflector in the region between the Fresnel lens or lenses and the sensor and alongside the radiation path therebetween in order to reflect radiation instant upon the Fresnel lens at a steeper angle of inclination (i.e. emanating from objects much nearer than 25 metres) onto the sensor.
  • this second plane mirror has a downwardly facing surface and is positioned generally above the path of radiation travelling directly between the Fresnel lens and the sensor so that the reflector can act as a shield protecting the sensor from direct sunlight.
  • infra-red detection apparatus in accordance with the invention has an outer housing 10 with a front aperture covered by a polyethylene film window 12 which is sufficiently thin to pass infra-red radiation having a wavelength typically in the region of 7 to 11 microns without significant absorption.
  • the window 12 has a lower part which is ribbed on one surface to form a Fresnel lens 14 having a lens axis 14A.
  • the remainder of the window, i.e. the upper part 15, is generally parallel-sided and is smooth on both sides so as to pass radiation substantially without refraction.
  • the housing, together with its window provides environmental protection and electrical screening. It will also be noted that the housing 10 is taller than it is deep.
  • a pyro-electric sensor 16 Situated inside the lower part of the housing 10 is a pyro-electric sensor 16 containing one or more heat sensing elements and mounted in a metallic casing 18 which also contains electronic circuitry for amplifying and filtering the electrical signal produced by the sensor, as well as generating an alarm signal or other response.
  • the sensor 16 includes an integral long-pass optical filter allowing transmission of long infra-red wavelength radiation (i.e. longer than, for example, 7 microns), and is directed towards the window and towards the opposite (upper) part of the housing so as to be sensitive to radiation incident directly from the window 12 and from the upper part of the housing.
  • Fresnel lens 14 is, of course, a positive, converging lens formed on the inner or outer surface of the window 12.
  • the sensor 16 has two heat sensitive elements typically 1mm wide by 2mm high spaced apart by 1mm. Thus, when located on the focal plane of a collecting lens or mirror it will have a field of view with a similar width-to-height ratio and a divergence dependent upon focal length. Typically, a focal length of 50mm results in a field of view approximately 300mm at 15 metres distance.
  • the sensitivity of the sensor is such that an aperture of not less than f3 is needed for reliable detection of an intruder at 15 to 20 metres with a focal length of 50mm. It will, therefore, be appreciated that, in order to detect an intruder reliably at, say, 60 metres range, the optical system requires a focal length of at least 100mm and an aperture greater than f2.
  • a lens If a lens were to be used, its diameter would be in the region of 50mm. Such performance cannot be achieved reliably by means of a Fresnel lens made of an inexpensive infra-red transparent material such as polyethylene.
  • a polyethylene lens suitable for passing the longer infra-red wavelengths without significant absorption must be comparatively thin, and since the material is soft and flexible, a lens formed from it displays a considerable lack of flatness resulting in optical aberration and a poorly defined field of view. For this reason, the present apparatus combines a Fresnel lens short range optical system with a mirror-based long range optical system, both using the sensor 16.
  • a concave mirror 20 (preferably having a parabolic or other comic section) is located oppositely with respect to the sensor 16 in the housing 10, here in the upper part of the housing 10 with its reflecting concave surface facing downwardly and to the rear at a level corresponding to or slightly above the upper edge of the window 12.
  • the upper part 15 of the window 12, above the Fresnel lens 14 is parallel-sided for passing infra-red radiation substantially without refraction.
  • a second mirror 22, which is a plane mirror, is located to the rear of the housing 10 opposite the plane portion 15 of the window 12 with its reflecting surface directed forwardly and upwardly so as to direct incoming radiation emanating from objects at a distance of 25 metres or greater upwardly towards the focusing mirror 20.
  • the latter then focuses such radiation on the sensor 16 which is located at the focal plane.
  • the precise positioning of the mirrors 20, 22 with respect to each other and with respect to the sensor 16 is such that radiation entering the window 12 at the angle of declination corresponding to a radiation source at a distance of 25 metres to, say, 100 metres is focused on the sensor 16.
  • the plane mirror 22 is positioned so as not to obstruct radiation reflected from the focusing mirror 20 onto the sensor 16, i.e. it is generally further from the window 12 than the sensor 16.
  • the optical axis of the focusing mirror 20 is inclined some 45° with respect to the horizontal, although other angles may be used.
  • the plane mirror 22 has dimensions somewhat greater than the field of view of the focusing mirror and is positioned to direct radiation entering the window 12 at an inclination of some 2° upwardly at a new inclination of some 45°.
  • the housing 7 can be relatively small in depth and the window can be relative close to the mounting surface.
  • the focal length of the focusing mirror 20 is approximately 100mm the focal point being on an offset axis 20A of the mirror located some 10mm below the front edge of the mirror and parallel to the field of view of the sensor 16.
  • the latter has two heat sensing elements 1mm wide by 2mm wide located horizontally on either side of the mirror axis 20A in its focal plane, i.e. the sensor 16 lies on the axis 20A at the focal point.
  • two long range fields of view are provided having a cross-sectional ratio of 2:1 with a divergence in the ratio 100:1 horizontally and 50:1 vertically, as shown by the reference numerals 24 and 25 in Figures 3 and 4.
  • a second plane mirror 28 is positioned within the housing behind the Fresnel lens portion 14 of window 12 just above the radiation envelope corresponding to the field of view provided by direct optical transmission between lens 14 and sensor 16, with its reflecting surface facing downwardly and slightly towards window 12. So positioned, this second plane mirror 28 reflects radiation emanating from an intruder much closer to the apparatus, the radiation passing through the Fresnel lens 14 and, as before, being focused in the region of the sensor 16. The positioning of the mirror 22 also shades the sensor from sunlight entering through the upper part 15 of window 12.
  • the fields of view provided by mirror 28 in combination with lens 14 and sensor 16 are indicated by reference numerals 29 and 30 in Figures 3 and 4.
  • FIG. 5 additional fields of view may be provided by dividing the lower portion of window 12 into more than one Fresnel lens.
  • three Fresnel lenses 32, 33, and 34 are formed beneath the plain part of window 12, central lens 33 having an axis which passes through the window at approximately the same position as that of lens 14 shown in Figure 2, while lenses 32 and 34 have axes 32A and 34A below the level of axis 33A of the central lens 33, as shown in Figure 5.
  • This arrangement results in fields of view due to lenses 32 and 34 at generally steeper angles of inclination than those due to lens 33. These fields of view are shown in Figures 6 and 7.
  • the fields of view due to focusing mirror 20 are indicated by numerals 24 and 25, and those due to the Fresnel lens 33 with direct transmission between the lens and the sensor 16 are shown by reference numerals 26 and 27.
  • the fields of view due to central lens 33 and mirror 28 are indicated by reference numerals 30 and 31.
  • the additional fields of view produced by lenses 32 and 34 are indicated by the numerals 36, 37 and 38, 39 respectively for direct transmission to the sensor 16, and by the numerals 40, 41 and 42, 43 respectively for transmission via mirror 28.
  • the apparatus described above may be summarised as an infrared intrusion detector system having a pyro-electric sensor with long pass infra-red filter means, a focusing mirror, a polyethylene film window having a smooth area and a focusing Fresnel lens or lens array.
  • a plane reflector is located within the field of view of the focusing mirror between that mirror and the polyethylene window.
  • a secondary plane reflector is located between the sensor and the Fresnel lens or lens array, the sensor being located substantially at the common focal point of the focal mirror and the Fresnel lens or lens array to produce discrete spaced-apart fields of view.
  • the focusing mirror has a focal length substantially longer than the focal length of the Fresnel lens or lens array to produce a relatively narrow long range field of view in comparison to the fields of view obtained with the Fresnel lens.
  • focusing reflectors may be provided each having a focal length longer than the focal length of the Fresnel lens or lens array to provide additional long range fields of view.
  • additional fields of view may be provided by including a sensor arrangement with more than two sensing elements at predetermined positions.
  • the Fresnel lens or lens array may be separately located from the smooth window portion. It is also possible to use materials other than polyethylene which transmit infra-red radiation, for example germanium or silicon. This applies both to the Fresnel lens or lens array and to the smooth part of the window.
  • Uses of the apparatus in addition to intruder detection may include the control of internal or external lighting, and the control of observation cameras, for example.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
EP92309235A 1991-10-10 1992-10-09 Infrarote-Detektierungsvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0537024B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919121523A GB9121523D0 (en) 1991-10-10 1991-10-10 Infra-red detection apparatus
GB9121523 1991-10-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0537024A1 true EP0537024A1 (de) 1993-04-14
EP0537024B1 EP0537024B1 (de) 1995-05-31

Family

ID=10702713

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92309235A Expired - Lifetime EP0537024B1 (de) 1991-10-10 1992-10-09 Infrarote-Detektierungsvorrichtung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0537024B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE123348T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69202745T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0537024T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2072712T3 (de)
GB (1) GB9121523D0 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2286042A (en) * 1994-01-27 1995-08-02 Security Enclosures Ltd Wide angle passive infra-red intruder detector
EP2450859A1 (de) * 2010-11-05 2012-05-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mehrfach Spiegelungsoptik für passiven Strahlendetektor

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0219954A1 (de) * 1985-09-05 1987-04-29 Maximal Electrical Engineers Limited Infrarot-Detektorsystem
US4841284A (en) * 1987-10-19 1989-06-20 C & K Systems, Inc. Infrared intrusion detection system incorporating a fresnel lens and a mirror
DE3812969A1 (de) * 1988-04-19 1989-11-02 Merten Gmbh & Co Kg Geb Infrarot-bewegungsmelder

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0219954A1 (de) * 1985-09-05 1987-04-29 Maximal Electrical Engineers Limited Infrarot-Detektorsystem
US4841284A (en) * 1987-10-19 1989-06-20 C & K Systems, Inc. Infrared intrusion detection system incorporating a fresnel lens and a mirror
DE3812969A1 (de) * 1988-04-19 1989-11-02 Merten Gmbh & Co Kg Geb Infrarot-bewegungsmelder

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2286042A (en) * 1994-01-27 1995-08-02 Security Enclosures Ltd Wide angle passive infra-red intruder detector
EP0665522A1 (de) * 1994-01-27 1995-08-02 Security Enclosures Limited Weitwinkel-Infrarot-Detektor
US5572033A (en) * 1994-01-27 1996-11-05 Security Enclosures Limited Wide-angle infra-red detection apparatus
GB2286042B (en) * 1994-01-27 1998-07-29 Security Enclosures Ltd Wide-angle infra-red detection apparatus
EP2450859A1 (de) * 2010-11-05 2012-05-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mehrfach Spiegelungsoptik für passiven Strahlendetektor
US9165443B2 (en) 2010-11-05 2015-10-20 Vanderbilt International Gmbh Detector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0537024T3 (da) 1995-07-31
ES2072712T3 (es) 1995-07-16
EP0537024B1 (de) 1995-05-31
DE69202745D1 (de) 1995-07-06
ATE123348T1 (de) 1995-06-15
DE69202745T2 (de) 1995-10-12
GB9121523D0 (en) 1991-11-27

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