EP0534818B1 - Method of producing an axle with profiled ends, machine for carrying out the method and axles thus obtained - Google Patents
Method of producing an axle with profiled ends, machine for carrying out the method and axles thus obtained Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0534818B1 EP0534818B1 EP19920402493 EP92402493A EP0534818B1 EP 0534818 B1 EP0534818 B1 EP 0534818B1 EP 19920402493 EP19920402493 EP 19920402493 EP 92402493 A EP92402493 A EP 92402493A EP 0534818 B1 EP0534818 B1 EP 0534818B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pin
- axial passage
- profiled
- bore
- blank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
- B21K21/08—Shaping hollow articles with different cross-section in longitudinal direction, e.g. nozzles, spark-plugs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
- B21K21/12—Shaping end portions of hollow articles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un axe à extrémités de passage axial profilées, une machine pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé, ainsi que les axes ainsi obtenus. On comprend qu'il s'agit d'axes dont le passage axial de révolution présente à ses extrémités un élargissement à profil particulier, ces axes étant obtenus en partant d'une ébauche se présentant sous la forme d'un tube dont ledit passage axial est cylindrique (voir par example US-A-3034840).The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an axis with profiled axial passage ends, a machine for implementing the method, as well as the axes thus obtained. It is understood that these are axes whose axial passage of revolution has at its ends a widening with a particular profile, these axes being obtained starting from a blank in the form of a tube whose said axial passage is cylindrical (see for example US-A-3034840).
De tels axes sont utilisés notamment pour assurer la liaison entre un pied de bielle et un piston de moteur à combustion interne, ces axes étant soumis à d'importants efforts de flexion et d'ovalisation qui, du fait de leur montage entre les bossages du piston, ne sont pas uniformément répartis. Les zones entre les parties extrêmes du passage axial sont soumises aux efforts de flexion et d'ovalisation les plus importants et doivent être relativement épaisses. Par suite, l'élargissement conique (ou de toute autre forme profilée) des extrémités du passage axial permet d'éviter qu'il y ait un excès de matière dans les zones les moins sollicitées, c'est-à-dire au niveau des bossages du piston.Such axes are used in particular to ensure the connection between a connecting rod end and an internal combustion engine piston, these axes being subjected to significant bending and ovalization forces which, due to their mounting between the bosses of the piston, are not evenly distributed. The zones between the end parts of the axial passage are subjected to the greatest bending and ovalization forces and must be relatively thick. As a result, the conical widening (or of any other profiled shape) of the ends of the axial passage makes it possible to avoid an excess of material in the least stressed areas, that is to say at the level of the piston bosses.
Pour fabriquer de tels axes, on connaît déjà le procédé d'usinage avec des outils coupants, par suite de quoi les traces de ces outils subsistent sur les extrémités élargies du passage axial ainsi élaborées, ces traces constituant des zones d'amorce de ruptures par suite de la fatigue de la pièce. Il s'agit là par conséquent d'un inconvénient majeur de ce procédé.To manufacture such axes, the machining process with cutting tools is already known, as a result of which the traces of these tools remain on the enlarged ends of the axial passage thus produced, these traces constituting zones of initiation of ruptures by due to the fatigue of the part. This is therefore a major drawback of this process.
Le but de l'invention est d'y remédier, et à cet effet un procédé du type général défini au début sera caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste essentiellement à maintenir ledit axe dans une matrice coulissante, à engager l'une des extrémités dudit passage axial de l'axe sur un contre-poinçon, à engager un poinçon mobile dans l'autre extrémité dudit passage axial, et à exercer sur ce poinçon mobile, l'axe étant alors en appui sur le contre-poinçon, un effort propre à conférer par estampage, aux deux extrémités dudit passage axial, la déformation profilée voulue.The object of the invention is to remedy this, and for this purpose a method of the general type defined at the start will be characterized in that it consists essentially in maintaining said axis in a sliding die, in engaging one of the ends of said axial passage of the axis on a counter-punch, in engaging a movable punch in the other end of said axial passage , and to exert on this movable punch, the axis then being in abutment on the counter-punch, a force capable of imparting by stamping, at the two ends of said axial passage, the desired profiled deformation.
Grâce à la matrice coulissante, on conçoit que l'axe ou ébauche d'axe ne sera pas rigidement maintenu par elle autrement que latéralement, et qu'il ne sera axialement bloqué que par le contre-poinçon. Les efforts que les deux poinçons exerceront sur les extrémités respectives de l'axe seront donc exactement égaux, ce qui permettra d'obtenir précisément, par cet estampage, la déformation intérieure profilée souhaitée, sans privilégier une extrémité de l'axe par rapport à l'autre.Thanks to the sliding matrix, it is understood that the axis or axis blank will not be rigidly held by it other than laterally, and that it will be axially blocked only by the counter-punch. The forces that the two punches will exert on the respective ends of the axis will therefore be exactly equal, which will make it possible to obtain precisely, by this stamping, the desired profiled internal deformation, without favoring one end of the axis relative to the 'other.
En outre, on voit que l'opération s'effectue en une seule fois sur les deux extrémités, ce qui n'est pas le cas du procédé par usinage, puisque l'on ne peut usiner une extrémité de l'axe qu'en le maintenant par l'autre extrémité, alors que selon l'invention il n'est maintenu que latéralement, par la matrice coulissante, laquelle laisse donc accessibles les deux extrémités de l'axe.In addition, we see that the operation is carried out in one go on both ends, which is not the case with the machining process, since one can only machine one end of the axis holding it by the other end, while according to the invention it is only held laterally, by the sliding die, which therefore leaves the two ends of the axis accessible.
Aucun usinage subséquent, et aucune reprise de la pièce ne sont nécessaires.No subsequent machining, and no rework of the part is necessary.
Il en résulte aussi une diminution du coût de fabrication et une amélioration des caractéristiques mécaniques de l'axe obtenu, dans la mesure où le fibrage de la pièce reste continu, d'une extrémité à l'autre, ce qui n'est pas le cas lorsque l'on procède par usinage. Il est à noter que si l'ébauche initiale était une pièce pleine, la première opération pourrait avantageusement consister à réaliser un tube par forgeage.This also results in a reduction in the manufacturing cost and an improvement in the mechanical characteristics of the axis obtained, insofar as the drawing of the part remains continuous, from one end to the other, which is not the case. case when one proceeds by machining. It should be noted that if the initial blank was a solid part, the first operation could advantageously consist in making a tube by forging.
L'invention concerne également une machine selon le préambule de la revendication 2 pour la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé (voir par example US-A-3034840).The invention also relates to a machine according to the preamble of
Un mode de réalisation d'une telle machine va être décrit ci-dessous à titre d'exemple nullement limitatif avec référence aux figures du dessin annexé dans lequel :
- la figure 1 représente en coupe axiale un tronçon d'axe creux à épaisseur constante constituant une ébauche utilisable pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention ;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe axiale de l'axe creux à élargissements coniques internes fabriqué à partir de l'ébauche de la figure 1, par l'opération d'estampage conforme à l'invention ;
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe axiale de l'axe fini, monté entre un piston et un pied de bielle, obtenu par usinage externe de l'axe de la figure 2 ;
- les figures 4 à 7 sont des vues schématiques en coupe axiale d'une machine conforme à l'invention, montrant les différentes étapes du procédé qu'elle met en oeuvre ; et
- la figure 8 montre un autre exemple de profil pour un élargissement en bout d'un passage axial d'axe.
- Figure 1 shows in axial section a hollow axis section of constant thickness constituting a blank usable for the implementation of the invention;
- Figure 2 is an axial sectional view of the hollow axis with internal conical enlargements made from the blank of Figure 1, by the stamping operation according to the invention;
- Figure 3 is an axial sectional view of the finished axis, mounted between a piston and a connecting rod foot, obtained by external machining of the axis of Figure 2;
- Figures 4 to 7 are schematic views in axial section of a machine according to the invention, showing the different stages of the process which it implements; and
- FIG. 8 shows another example of a profile for an enlargement at the end of an axial passage of an axis.
Le tronçon d'ébauche d'axe 1 de la figure 1, par exemple en acier cémenté, est un cylindre creux de révolution à épaisseur de paroi constante.The roughing section of
L'axe 2 que l'invention vise à obtenir est représenté à la figure 2 ; le passage axial 3 de l'ébauche 1 a été élargi à ses extrémités par estampage, en 2a et 2b, selon des surfaces coniques (sur la figure 8, il s'agit d'une surface arrondie 2c). Le passage axial ne subsiste tel quel que dans la partie centrale. Après usinage de sa surface extérieure, l'axe 2 peut être monté de façon à assurer la liaison entre un pied de bielle 6 et les bossages 5 d'un piston 4, de façon connue. On voit que l'on a une réduction d'épaisseur de l'axe 2 seulement dans les parties les moins travaillantes, au niveau des bossages 5 du piston, et une épaisseur normale au centre.The
L'axe qui vient d'être décrit peut être réalisé avec la machine des figures 4 à 7.The axis which has just been described can be produced with the machine of FIGS. 4 to 7.
Sur ces figures, le contre-poinçon a été référencé 7b. Il comporte à sa base une tête 12b reposant normalement sur une table 14, laquelle comporte un alésage 15 dans lequel peut coulisser un éjecteur 16. Le poinçon mobile a été représenté en 7a, dans l'axe du précédent. Ces poinçons comportent chacun une pointe, respectivement 10b et 10a, et un épaulement profilé, en l'occurrence conique (partie travaillante), respectivement 13b et 13a. La machine comporte encore un support fixe 17 reposant sur une embase 18 fixée sur la table 14, et dans lequel support est montée une matrice coulissante 8 constituée de deux parties coaxiales 8a et 8b solidarisées par emmanchement conique. Cette matrice repose sur des plots 19 rappelés élastiquement vers le haut par des ressorts hélicoïdaux 20 maintenus dans des logements cylindriques 21 de l'embase 18. Le coulissement de la matrice 8 vers le haut est limité par des épaulements 22.In these figures, the counter-punch has been referenced 7b . It comprises at its base a
La partie centrale 8b de la matrice est interchangeable, de sorte que l'on peut bloquer dans son alésage central 23, axé dans la direction du coulissement, des ébauches 1 de différents diamètres. (L'extrémité du contre-poinçon 7b est engagée dans l'alésage 23).The
Quand l'ébauche d'axe 1 est en place dans la matrice coulissante 8, on fait descendre le poinçon mobile 7a par un vérin hydraulique ou analogue pour que sa pointe 10a s'engage en bout dans le passage axial 3 de l'ébauche 1, la pointe 10b du contre-poinçon 7b étant alors engagée dans l'autre extrémité de ce passage (voir figures 4 et 5). La mise en pression du vérin provoque les déformations souhaitées 2a et 2b avec un équilibrage parfait des efforts exercés par les épaulements coniques 13b et 13a sur l'ébauche, puisque la matrice 8 peut coulisser légèrement vers le bas en comprimant les ressorts 20 (figure 6). En effet, la pression exercée par les épaulements coniques des poinçons sur l'ébauche 1 provoque le blocage de celle-ci dans l'alésage 23 de la matrice, et ce sont donc les forces de frottement qui font descendre cette dernière.When the axis blank 1 is in place in the
Après exécution des élargissements voulus 2a et 2b par cet estampage, le poinçon mobile est remonté, et l'actionnement de l'éjecteur 16 (figure 7) permet de faire remonter le contre-poinçon 7b et d'éjecter l'axe 2, suite à quoi les mêmes opérations peuvent se répéter pour la pièce suivante.After execution of the desired
Claims (7)
- A method of producing a pin having profiled axial-passage ends, i.e., whose axial passage of revolution has at its ends a widening of a specific profile, from a blank in the form of a tube, the said axial passage of which is cylindrical, characterised in that it consists essentially in holding the said pin (1) in a sliding die (8), engaging one of the ends of the said axial passage (3) of the pin on a counterpunch (7b), engaging a movable punch (7a) in the other end of the said axial passage, and applying to the movable punch (7a), while the pin (1) is then bearing on the counterpunch (7b), a force adapted to impart the required profiled deformation to the two ends of the said axial passage (3) by stamping.
- A machine for performing the method according to claim 1, for producing a pin having profiled axial-passage ends, i.e., whose axial passage of revolution has at its ends a widening of a specific profile, from a blank in the form of a tube, the said axial passage of which is cylindrical, characterised in that it comprises: a die (8) mounted slidably in a fixed support (17) and comprising, in the direction of such sliding, a bore (23) adapted to receive and hold a pin blank (1) by wedging; a counterpunch (7b) with a profiled shoulder (13b), engaged by its tip in one end of the said bore (23); a movable punch (7a) with a profiled shoulder (13a) adapted to be engaged by its tip in the other end of the said bore (23); and pressure means adapted to apply a force to the said movable punch (7a) so that the ends of the axial passage (3) of the said pin blank (1) are compressed and deformed by stamping between the said profiled shoulders (13a, 13b) of the punches.
- A machine according to claim 2, characterised in that the said sliding die (8) rests on studs (19) elastically biased by springs (20) housed in a base (18) carrying the said support (17).
- A machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the said sliding die (8) comprises stop shoulders (22) which prevent it from leaving the support (17).
- A machine according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the said sliding die (8) is formed by two coaxial parts (8a, 8b) connected by a taper fit and the central part of which containing the said bore (23) is interchangeable.
- A machine according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that it comprises an ejector (16) adapted to eject the pin (2) from the bore (23) of the sliding die (8) by means of the counterpunch (7b).
- A machine according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterised in that the said punch shoulders (13a, 13b) are tapered.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9111332A FR2681267B1 (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1991-09-13 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AN AXIS WITH PROFILED AXIAL PASSING ENDS, MACHINE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS AND AXIS THUS OBTAINED. |
FR9111332 | 1991-09-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0534818A1 EP0534818A1 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
EP0534818B1 true EP0534818B1 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
Family
ID=9416933
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19920402493 Expired - Lifetime EP0534818B1 (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1992-09-11 | Method of producing an axle with profiled ends, machine for carrying out the method and axles thus obtained |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0534818B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69202427T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2074848T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2681267B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102120293A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-07-13 | 江苏森威集团有限责任公司 | Precision forging method for armature shaft |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3950940B2 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2007-08-01 | 株式会社椿本チエイン | Bush manufacturing method |
KR100512264B1 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-09-02 | 강근수 | Processing method and apparatus of sleeve pin for heading machine |
CN106077208B (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2018-02-09 | 深圳市华惠连接器有限公司 | Automatic flanger |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR863445A (en) * | 1940-02-16 | 1941-04-01 | Boulonnerie Et De Matricage De | Device for the manufacture, by precision forging, of metal parts such as shell rockets |
US3034840A (en) * | 1958-04-21 | 1962-05-15 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Piston pins and like articles |
DE1577029A1 (en) * | 1966-01-26 | 1970-04-09 | Kabel U Metallwerke Neumeyer G | Device for cold forming of rod sections made of metal |
-
1991
- 1991-09-13 FR FR9111332A patent/FR2681267B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-09-11 EP EP19920402493 patent/EP0534818B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-11 ES ES92402493T patent/ES2074848T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-11 DE DE1992602427 patent/DE69202427T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102120293A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-07-13 | 江苏森威集团有限责任公司 | Precision forging method for armature shaft |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69202427D1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
FR2681267B1 (en) | 1993-12-10 |
DE69202427T2 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
EP0534818A1 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
ES2074848T3 (en) | 1995-09-16 |
FR2681267A1 (en) | 1993-03-19 |
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