EP0534556B1 - Dispositif de protection contre l'incentie et magasin équipé avec ce dispositif - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection contre l'incentie et magasin équipé avec ce dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0534556B1
EP0534556B1 EP19920202921 EP92202921A EP0534556B1 EP 0534556 B1 EP0534556 B1 EP 0534556B1 EP 19920202921 EP19920202921 EP 19920202921 EP 92202921 A EP92202921 A EP 92202921A EP 0534556 B1 EP0534556 B1 EP 0534556B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
flame
arresting
protection device
resisting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19920202921
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0534556A1 (fr
Inventor
Hendrik Ary Verduyn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Seac International BV
Original Assignee
System Engineering & Components International Bv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by System Engineering & Components International Bv filed Critical System Engineering & Components International Bv
Publication of EP0534556A1 publication Critical patent/EP0534556A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0534556B1 publication Critical patent/EP0534556B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire protection device which is gas-permeable in a non-activated condition, as well as a storage space for highly inflammable and volatile materials, provided with such a fire protection device.
  • Another purpose of such a fire-proof chamber or vault is to prevent the formation of an explosive or inflammable mixture as a result of possible leakage of the materials mentioned from their respective container, for which purpose the chamber or vault mentioned is ventilated to a sufficient degree.
  • outside air i.e., oxygen.
  • a situation that might occur is the situation where the stored gases release a gas, for instance due to a container being improperly sealed, which gas, mixed with ambient air, is extracted and, through one cause or another, ignited.
  • the flame extension rate, or the propagation rate of the flame front, upon ignition of a gas mixture is higher than the flow rate of the relative gas, in particular when that flow rate is only provided by ventilation, with the result that a flame starting outside the chamber or vault can reach the interior of the chamber or vault against the gas flow and ignite or even explode the materials present there.
  • flame-arresting means are all based on the principle, known with respect to miner's lamps, of a metal wire mesh or grid arranged in the gas stream. A flame front present on the outflow side of such a wire mesh or grid cannot pass the grid; the flame burns on the grid, so to speak.
  • a flame-arresting grid does indeed have the above-mentioned effect, major problems arise in practice when the supply of the inflammable gas mixture is maintained for some time, for instance in the case of a leaking container.
  • the flame-arresting grid may lose its flame-arresting activity.
  • the principal reason for this is that the grid is heated as a result of the flame burning continuously against the grid. Owing to the increasing temperature, the grid may melt and thereby lose its function. In some cases it may even happen that, even before the grid melts, the heated grid ignites the gas mixture on the inflow side of the grid. In the case of prolonged fire, therefore, the known fire protection devices do not have any fire-resisting effect.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fire protection device that combines good flame-arresting activity with good fire-resisting activity, so that the above-mentioned risk is absent, at least reduced.
  • any gas stream shut-off element is suitable for this purpose, a preference is expressed for elements that react to an increase in temperature.
  • an element is a grid-shaped construction, for instance in the form of a honeycomb, plates, spirals or the like, of a material that foams or swells upon an increase in temperature and thereby closes off the passages of that grid.
  • Palusol a registered trade mark of BASF.
  • Fireblock a registered trade mark of Dufaylite Development, which material is described in DE-A-2.605.720.
  • EP-A-0.090.635 describes a fire-barrier with a layered structure of a heat reflective material, an endothermal material, and a thermally intumescent material.
  • This known device is not permeable to gas, and functions merely to protect an object such as a hose against heat from a fire by reflecting the heat radiation and by providing a thermal insulation.
  • a first problem may be, for instance, that it is not known beforehand on which side of the flow passage the flame will start. It will be clear that in case a fire starts in the chamber, it is equally desired that the fire be prevented from spreading to the outside.
  • the fire valve may further be desired to increase the quickness of reaction of the fire valve.
  • the fire valve When the fire valve is located on the side of the flame-arresting grid remote from the flame, the fire valve will not perform its function until, after a certain amount of time has lapsed, the heat of the flame has also heated the grid on the other side thereof.
  • the reaction of the fire valve can be relatively quick owing to the direct action of the flame, but the chances are that the fire valve will be damaged by the flame itself or even melts.
  • the device according to the invention consists of at least three layers, with the separate layers alternately having different functions, i.e., a flame-arresting or a fire-resisting function.
  • a device that is active on two sides is to be provided, for instance because it is not known beforehand on which side a fire may start, it is recommended that the device be provided with at least two flame-arresting layers with at least one fire-resisting layer provided therebetween.
  • the simplest construction that meets this requirement comprises three layers which are, successively, flame-arresting, fire-resisting and flame-arresting.
  • the device is to react very quickly to the presence of a flame by shutting off the gas stream at least partly, it is recommended that the device according to the invention be made so as to comprise at least three layers, with, starting from the side where the flame is expected to begin, a first fire-resisting layer, then a flame-arresting layer, and a second fire-resisting layer.
  • the first fire-resisting layer, facing the flame will react very quickly, but when this layer is affected by the presence of the flame, its task can be taken over by the third layer, i.e., the second fire-resisting layer, which is separated from the flame by the second layer, i.e., the flame-arresting layer.
  • the device according to the invention can contain several alternate layers.
  • a detector in the device according to the invention, which detector reacts to an increase in temperature to above a predetermined level by shutting off a valve operating mechanically, electrically, electro-mechanically or otherwise, so as to shut off the gas stream completely with 100% certainty.
  • Fig. 1 shows a workshop 1 in which a separate space 2 has been built for storing chemicals (not shown for the sake of clarity).
  • the invention also relates to storage spaces which are to be arranged as loose elements, such as a chamber or vault.
  • the chamber, vault or built-in storage space can be intended for the storage of volatile materials, such as thinner and/or other chemicals.
  • the storage space is ventilated, to which end, in the situation shown in Fig. 1, a fan 4 arranged on the roof 3 of the workshop 1 is connected via a tube 5 with the ceiling 6 of the storage space 2.
  • the storage space 2 is arranged adjacent an outer wall 7 of the workshop 1 and communicates via two tubes 8, 9 with the outside air.
  • fresh air enters the storage space 2 via the tubes 8, 9, as indicated by the arrows P1 and P2, while air to be extracted, which may be mixed with gas originating from the volatile materials mentioned, leaves the storage space 2 via the tube 5.
  • the storage space 2 is provided with fire protection devices 21, 22 and 23 in the air supply channels 8 and 9 and the air extraction channel 5, respectively.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of such a loose storage chamber 10 with an entrance door 11, with ventilation taking place, not in any forced manner but in a natural manner via two openings 12 and 13 provided in the upper and in the lower part of the door 11, respectively.
  • the storage chamber 10 is provided with fire protection devices in the openings 12 and 13, as shown in Fig. 3 in the partial section of the door 11.
  • the fire protection devices 14 according to the invention utilized in the chamber 10 comprise a fire-resisting element 15 and a flame-arresting element 16, which are arranged in series with regard to the air stream through the relative opening. Further, on the outside of the door 11 an ornamental grid 17 of the Louvre type is arranged, which does not have any fire protection function.
  • the shape of the fire-resisting element 15 and the flame-arresting element 16 can be rectangular or round, adapted to the shape of the openings in the door or the channels.
  • the thickness of the flame-arresting element 16 will generally be a few millimeters; the thickness of the fire-resisting element 15 will generally be a few centimeters.
  • the flame-arresting element 16 can be made of metal gauze or a metal grid.
  • a material that has been found to be particularly suitable and is to be preferred accordingly, is a metal foam, for instance the metal foam known under the name of Recemat (registered trade mark of SEAC International B.V.).
  • a preferred embodiment of the fire-resisting element 15, as shown, likewise has a grid-shaped construction, for instance in the form of a honeycomb, plates, sprirals or the like, of a material that foams or swells up in reaction to an increase in temperature, and thereby closes off the passages of the grid.
  • a material that foams or swells up in reaction to an increase in temperature and thereby closes off the passages of the grid.
  • Palusol a registered trade mark of BASF.
  • a material that has been found to be particularly suitable and is to be preferred accordingly, is known under the name of Fireblock (registered trade mark of Dufaylite Development).
  • the operation of the fire protection device 14 according to the invention is as follows.
  • highly inflammable gases that are present or are being released in the chamber 10 leave the chamber through the opening 12 and/or 13, while being mixed or having been mixed with ambient air, in principle a fire hazard arises.
  • the flame front will spread very rapidly in the direction of the openings 12, 13 of the chamber 10.
  • the flame-arresting element 16 of the fire protection device 14 according to the invention which, as is known, cannot be passed by the flame. This accordingly prevents the materials and/or gases present in the chamber from being ignited or even exploded.
  • the fire-resisting element 15 is activated so as to close off the gas through-flow opening and thereby deprive the flame of its fuel supply.
  • this is achieved in that the material of the fire-resisting element 15 foams or swells up and thereby closes off the passage openings of the grid-shaped structure.
  • the fire protection device 14 according to the invention is mounted in the air openings 12 and 13, such that the flame-arresting element 16 faces outwardly and the fire-resisting element 15 is located on the side of the interior of the chamber 10, i.e., on the side of the chemicals.
  • the fire protection device 14 according to the invention can also be mounted in reversed position, i.e., with the flame-arresting element 16 on the side of the chemicals.
  • the fire protection devices 21, 22, and 23 for the storage space 2 can have the same construction as the above-described fire protection device 14.
  • An improved operation is obtained, however, with a fire protection device consisting of at least three layers, with the separate layers alternately having different functions, i.e., a flame-arresting or a fire-resisting function.
  • the outer layers of the thus improved fire protection device are of flame-arresting design, with at least one fire-resisting layer provided therebetween.
  • the simplest construction that meets this requirement is illustrated in Fig. 5.
  • the fire protection device 30 shown schematically there comprises, successively, a first flame-arresting element 31, a first fire-resisting element 32 and a second flame-arresting element 33.
  • the thus improved fire protection device 40 comprises at least three layers with, starting from the side where the flame is expected, a first fire-resisting element 41, a flame-arresting element 42, and a second fire-resisting element 43, as schematically shown in Fig. 6.
  • the first fire-resisting element 41 facing the flame will react very quickly to the contact with the flame and very quickly close off the gas passage at least partly.
  • the task thereof is taken over by the third layer, i.e., the second fire-resisting element 43, which is separated from the flame by the second layer, i.e., the flame-arresting element 42, so that the flame cannot reach the second fire-resisting element 43.
  • the fire protection device according to the invention can contain several alternate layers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Dispositif anti-incendie (14), convenant pour être placé dans une ouverture de passage de gaz (12 ; 13) dans une paroi (11), le dispositif présentant une condition de non-activation dans laquelle le dispositif est perméable à un courant de gaz circulant à travers ledit passage ; le dispositif comprenant un élément ignifuge (15) qui se présente sous forme de grille définissant des ouvertures de circulation de gaz, la grille possédant la propriété, en réponse à une augmentation de la température, de fermer lesdites ouvertures de circulation de gaz, de telle sorte que ledit courant de gaz soit bloqué dans une condition activée ; caractérisé par un élément arrête-flame (16), ledit élément arrête-flame et ledit élément ignifuge (15) étant disposés en série par rapport audit courant de gaz.
  2. Dispositif anti-incendie suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément arréte-flame (16) est réalisé en une toile métallique ou en une grille métallique.
  3. Dispositif anti-incendie suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément arrête-flame est réalisé en me mousse métallique.
  4. Dispositif anti-incendie suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 à 3, comprenant au moins trois couches (31, 32, 33 ; 41, 42, 43) dans lequel les différentes couches ont alternativement des fonctions différentes, à savoir une fonction arrête-flame ou une fonction ignifuge.
  5. Dispositif anti-incendie suivant la revendication 4, dans lequel le dispositif présente trois couches qui sont, successivement, arrête-flame, ignifuge et arrête-flame.
  6. Dispositif anti-incendie suivant la revendication 4, dans lequel le dispositif présente trois couches qui sont, successivement, ignifuge, arrête-flame, ignifuge.
  7. Espace d'entrepossge (2 ; 10) présentant au moins une paroi (6 ; 11) avec ou moins une ouverture de passage de gaz (5 ; 12, 13), dans lequel est prévu, donc ladite au moins une ouverture de passage de gaz (5 ; 12, 13), un dispositif anti-incendie suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes.
  8. Espace d'entreposage suivant la revendication 7, dans lequel l'élément arrête-flame (16) est dirigé vers l'intérieur de l'espace d'entreposage et l'élément ignifuge (15) est dirigé vers l'extérieur de l'espace d'entreposage.
  9. Espace d'entreposage suivant la revendication 7, dans lequel l'élément ignifuge (15) est dirigé vers l'intérieur de l'espace d'entreposage et l'élément arrête-flame (16) est dirigé vers l'extérieur de l'espace d'entreposage.
EP19920202921 1991-09-23 1992-09-23 Dispositif de protection contre l'incentie et magasin équipé avec ce dispositif Expired - Lifetime EP0534556B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9101599A NL9101599A (nl) 1991-09-23 1991-09-23 Brandbeveiligingsorgaan, en opslagruimte voorzien van een brandbeveiligingsorgaan.
NL9101599 1991-09-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0534556A1 EP0534556A1 (fr) 1993-03-31
EP0534556B1 true EP0534556B1 (fr) 2000-06-28

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ID=19859730

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19920202921 Expired - Lifetime EP0534556B1 (fr) 1991-09-23 1992-09-23 Dispositif de protection contre l'incentie et magasin équipé avec ce dispositif

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0534556B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69231200T2 (fr)
NL (1) NL9101599A (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE503525C2 (sv) * 1994-10-24 1996-07-01 Stefan Geuken Avstängningsanordning för rör eller liknande
DE202007001851U1 (de) * 2006-11-30 2008-04-17 Liebherr-Transportation Systems Gmbh Verschlußvorrichtung

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH464703A (de) * 1966-09-21 1968-10-31 British Aircraft Corp Ltd Feuerfeste Platte und Verwendung derselben bei einem feuerfesten Behälter
NL7018724A (fr) * 1970-01-16 1971-07-20
AT382082B (de) 1976-02-13 1987-01-12 Dufaylite Dev Ltd Feuerschutzvorrichtung
US4509559A (en) 1982-03-30 1985-04-09 Dunlop Limited Fire-barriers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0534556A1 (fr) 1993-03-31
NL9101599A (nl) 1993-04-16
DE69231200D1 (de) 2000-08-03
DE69231200T2 (de) 2000-11-23

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