EP0533774A1 - Pesticidal formulations - Google Patents

Pesticidal formulations

Info

Publication number
EP0533774A1
EP0533774A1 EP91911145A EP91911145A EP0533774A1 EP 0533774 A1 EP0533774 A1 EP 0533774A1 EP 91911145 A EP91911145 A EP 91911145A EP 91911145 A EP91911145 A EP 91911145A EP 0533774 A1 EP0533774 A1 EP 0533774A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yeast
encapsulated
photosensitive
formulation
formulation according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91911145A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mary Mooney
Alan Hordle
George Raymond Cayley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanofi Aventis France
Original Assignee
Roussel Uclaf SA
Wellcome Foundation Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Roussel Uclaf SA, Wellcome Foundation Ltd filed Critical Roussel Uclaf SA
Publication of EP0533774A1 publication Critical patent/EP0533774A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/26Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
    • A01N25/28Microcapsules or nanocapsules
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/025Applications of microcapsules not provided for in other subclasses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to formulations for stabilising, light sensitive substances, particularly pesticides and/or pesticides and herbicide synergists, and the use of such formulations in the control of pests.
  • European patent No. 85805B discloses encapsulated products involving a microbial capsule, and specifically a yeast capsule, and a method for producing such encapsulated products.
  • the encapsulated products are formed by treating the grown microbe with an organic lipid-extending substance in which the material being encapsulated is soluble, and simultaneously and/or subsequently contacting the microbe with the material to be encapsulated.
  • the encapsulation method is particularly suitable for producing encapsulated dyes but other examples of material to be encapsulated include adhesives, adhesive components, pharmaceuticals, flavours, rodenticides, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and odiferous materials.
  • European patent specification No. 242135A discloses a modification of this microbial encapsulation technique in which the grown intact microbe is treated with an encapsulatable material in liquid form whereby the encapsulatable material diffuses into the microbial cell without causing total lysis thereof. The process is carried out in the absence of a lipid-extending substance (as defined in European patent No. 85805B).
  • the products of this encapsulation technique are described as being usually more stable than non encapsulated materials and to give products with controlled release characteristics advantageous for the administration of drugs, pheromones and pesticides.
  • a photosensitive substance is a substance which degrades rapidly on exposure to daylight and would typically have a half-life of less than 5 hours when this is measured under test conditions, and particularly is a substance which has a half-life of less than 1 hour and more particularly is a substance which has a half-life of less than 40 minutes.
  • the use of the photosensitive substance is limited by its photosensitivity.
  • Suitable test conditions are provided by applying the substance to an inert surface (such as glass) and exposing the deposit to controlled artificial light conditions.
  • a suitable source of artificial sunlight is provided, by the use of a "Hanau Suntester" (Heraeus Suntest Lamp, accelerated exposure table unit), as described hereinafter.
  • the present invention provides a formulation which comprises a photosensitive active ingredient encapsulated in yeast.
  • the photosensitive active ingredient is a photosensitive insecticide or a photosensitive herbicide or an insecticide synergist or herbicide synergist encapsulated in yeast.
  • the photosensitive insecticide has a half-life of less than 40 minutes and is a member of the pyrethrin class of insecticides.
  • insecticides which may with advantage be included in the formulation of the present invention are those which have a half-life of greater than 1 hour and include pyrethroids such as the allethrins (such as bioallethrin, S-bioallethrin and esbiothrin), the resmethrins (resmethrin, bioresmethrin), lipid amides (for example as described in European Patent Specifications 0369762, 111105, 164187, 194764, 209289, 225011, 251472, 269457 and 317188) and pyrethroids which have some degree of light stability, for example, permethrin, ⁇ -cypermethrin and deltamethrin.
  • allethrins such as bioallethrin, S-bioallethrin and esbiothrin
  • resmethrins resmethrin, bioresmethrin
  • lipid amides for example as described in European Patent Specific
  • a suitable photosensitive herbicide is trifluralin.
  • a suitable rodenticide is cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ).
  • the insecticide or herbicide synergist is piperonyl butoxide (5-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)- ethoxymethyl]-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole).
  • the encapsulated material is piperonyl butoxide or a mixture of this with a pyrethrum extract or a member of the allethrin class of insecticides.
  • the herbicide, insecticide or herbicide or insecticide synergist is encapsulated in yeast by the method of European patent specification No. 242135A or European patent No. 85805B.
  • encapsulated material to be applied to a locus would depend on the inherent activity of the material against the insect or weed species to be controlled, the method of application and the nature of the formulation to be applied and whether or not piperonyl butoxide is included in the formulation, but in general the following quantities would be applied : pyrethrins between 50 and 300 grams per hectare (two and twelve ounces per acre), piperonyl butoxide between 50 and 1200 grams per hectare (0.125 and 31bs per acre) and lipid amides between 5 and 150 grams per hectare (0.0125 and 0.41bs per acre).
  • Formulations of the present invention may be applied as solid formulations in a mixture with a powdered solid inert carrier, for example suitable clays, kaolin, bentonite, attapulgite, absorbant carbon black, talc, mica, chalk, gypsum, tricalcium phosphate, powdered cork, magnesium silicate, vegetable carriers, starch and diatomaceous earths.
  • a powdered solid inert carrier for example suitable clays, kaolin, bentonite, attapulgite, absorbant carbon black, talc, mica, chalk, gypsum, tricalcium phosphate, powdered cork, magnesium silicate, vegetable carriers, starch and diatomaceous earths.
  • Wettable powders comprise an inert solid carrier(s), optionally one or more surface active agents, and/or stabilisers and/or anti-oxidants.
  • Wettable powders will normally contain from 5 to 95% by weight of the active ingredient, and are diluted, for example with water, before use.
  • Aqueous suspensions of a formulation of the present invention may comprise a suspension in water together with suspending, stabilising or other agents.
  • the suspensions or solution may be applied per se or in a diluted form in known fashion.
  • Aerosol sprays may be prepared as a suspension of the active ingredient in water in the presence of an aerosol propellent, such as carbon dioxide.
  • Pour-on formulations may be made as a suspension of a formulation of the present invention in water.
  • Baits may comprise a formulation of the present invention, optionally admixed with additional edible material in a suitable binding matrix.
  • the formulations of the present invention may be used to control pests such as arthropod (insect and acarine) pests, and rodents.
  • the present invention provides a method for the control of arthropod or rodent pests which comprises administering to the arthropod or rodent pest or to its environment a pesticidally effective amount of a pesticidal formulation of the present invention.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the control and/or eradication of arthropod infestations of animals and/or of plants, (including trees), and/or stored products which comprises administering to the animal or locus an effective amount of an arthropodicidal formulation of the present invention.
  • the present invention further provides pesticidal formulations of the present invention for use in controlling pests in human and veterinary medicine, in public health control and in agriculture.
  • the formulations of the present invention may also be used to control weeds.
  • the present invention provides a method for the control of weeds which comprises administering to the weed or to its environment a herbicidally effective amount of a herbicidal formulation of the present invention.
  • insectsicidal formulations of the present invention are of particular value in the protection of field, forage, plantation, glasshouse, orchard and vineyard crops, of ornamentals and of plantation and forest trees, for example, cereals (such as maize, wheat, rice, sorghum), cotton, tobacco, vegetables and salads (such as beans, cole crops, curcubits, lettuce, onions, tomatoes and peppers), field crops (such as potato, sugar beet, ground nuts, soyabean, oil seed rape), sugar cane, grassland and forage (such as maize, sorghum, lucerne), plantations (such as of tea, coffee, cocoa, banana, oil palm, coconut, rubber, spices) orchards and groves (such as of stone and pip fruit, citrus, kiwifruit, avocado, mango, olives and walnuts), vineyards, ornamental plants, flowers and shrubs under glass and in gardens and parks, forest trees (both deciduous and evergreen) in forests, plantations and nurseries.
  • cereals such
  • insects and acarines are thus useful in the control of arthropods, e.g. insects and acarines in any environment where these constitute pests, e.g. in agriculture, in animal husbandry, in public health control and in domestic situations.
  • Insect pests include members of the orders Coleoptera (e.g. Anobium, Ceutorhynchus, Rhynchophorus, Cosmopolites, Lissorhoptrus, Meligethes. Hypothenemus, Hylesinus, Acalymma, Lema, Psylliodes.
  • Leptinotarsa Gonocephalum, Aqriotes, Dermolepida, Heteronvchus, Phaedon, Tribolium, Sitophilus, Diabrotica, Anthonomus or Anthrenus spp.
  • Lepidoptera e.g. Ephestia, Mamestra, Earias.
  • Pectinophora Ostrinia, Trichoplusia, Pieris, Laphygma, Agrotis, Amathes, Wiseana, Tryporysa, Diatrae, Sporganothis, Cydia, Archips, Plutella, Chilo, Heliothis, Spodoptera or Tineola spp.
  • Diptera e.g.
  • Blattella, Periplaneta or Blatta spp.) Hymenoptera e.g. Athalia, Cephus, Atta, Solenopsis or Monomorium spp.
  • Isoptera e.g. Odontotermes and Reticulitermes spp.
  • Siphonaptera e.g. Ctencephalides or Pulex spp.
  • Thysanura e.g. Lepisma spp.
  • Dermaptera e.g. Forficula spp.
  • Pscoptera e.g. Peripsocus spp.
  • Thysanoptera e.g. Thrips tabaci
  • Acarine pests include ticks, e.g.
  • the formulations of the present invention can be used in the control of larvae, for example, in ttie form of a bait containing a suitable larvicide such as permethrin.
  • a suitable larvicide such as permethrin.
  • the formulations of the present invention which contain a rodenticide can be used in the control of rodents.
  • Examples 1-7 are formulations according to the present invention in which the method of yeast encapsulation followed is as given in the method of European patent specification 242135 in that the material to be encapsulated is mixed with the yeast in a liquid medium.
  • Example 8 shows the results of tests to determine the light-stability of piperonyl butoxide encapsulated in yeast cells.
  • Example 9 shows the results of biological tests on cockroaches.
  • This formulation is made from the fol lowing concentrate.
  • the formulation is made by mixing the concentrate with fumed silica (eg. Cab-o-sil M5) and water in the following ratio after which the formulation is passed through a spray dryer. approx.
  • fumed silica eg. Cab-o-sil M5
  • water in the following ratio after which the formulation is passed through a spray dryer. approx.
  • the formulation is made by mixing the following concentrate with fumed silica (eg. Cab-o-sil M5) and water in the ratio given for Example 1.
  • fumed silica eg. Cab-o-sil M5
  • water eg. water in the ratio given for Example 1.
  • Examples 1 and 2 are of general applicability for additions of up to 0.7g active ingredient per g of yeast.
  • Yeast tends to settle and hence a suspending agent may be used. approx.
  • Suspending agent eg. biopolysaccharide, xanthan gum, Keltrol
  • Preservative eg Bronidox L, 0.1
  • Yeast concentrate eg 14%
  • wetting agent e. silicone
  • Yeast concentrate eg. 14% yeast
  • Yeast concentrate (14% yeast encapsulated Permethrin) approx.
  • Aromatic solvent (Aromasol H) 9.4
  • Antifoam eg. Silcolapse 5000
  • Larvicides - may be used as a_diluted concentrated sample ie up to 40% active ingredient/solvent mix, or as a low encapsulated level eg 1 - 2% (Permethrin) or lower with other active ingredients.
  • a_diluted concentrated sample ie up to 40% active ingredient/solvent mix or as a low encapsulated level eg 1 - 2% (Permethrin) or lower with other active ingredients.
  • Tests were carried out to determine the light stability of piperonyl butoxide encapsulated in yeast cells. The following method was also applied to piperonyl butoxide/pyrethrins mixtures as well as to the more light-stable pyrethroids.
  • a dilution in water was prepared, to give a piperonyl butoxide content of 6mg/ml (or 20mg/ml in piperonyl butoxide/pyrethrins formulations).
  • a 6cm circle was marked out onto a 10.5 x 10.5cm glazed white ceramic tile and 0.5ml of the well mixed suspension applied by pipette evenly within the marked circle. The tile was left overnight on a level surface to dry.
  • the resultant solution was filtered and subjected to GLC analysis comparing chromatograms with a 0.02 percent solution of piperonyl butoxide.
  • a control was carried out by applying 0.5ml of a 0.6 percent solution of technical piperonyl butoxide within the 6cm circle and carrying out the test as outlined.
  • the Pyrethrins/PBO sample used was as follows:
  • the permethrin/PBO sample used was as follows:
  • the formulation was diluted with water and applied to glass plates at a rate of 50mg/plate.
  • the dilution was applied weight wise as small droplets over the plate surface and allowed to dry before being placed under the Suntest lamp for intervals up to 36 hours.
  • the total levels of PB remaining were then determined using the method outlined in A.
  • T 1/2 value for yeast encapsulated PBO of about 35h.
  • a typical value for a control would be about 30 minutes.
  • Formulations similar to Examples 1 or 2 were prepared containing 4.5% technical pyrethrin and 13.5% piperonyl butoxide. Serial dilutions were prepared giving solutions containing 0.2-0.02% w/v pyrethrins. 0.5ml aliquots of these dilutions were applied to glazed tile surfaces.
  • Formulation Pyrethrin mean % 6 day Mortality

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)

Abstract

Compositions pesticides comprenant un insecticide photosensible ou un herbicide photosensible ou un agent de synergie d'insecticide ou d'herbicide photosensible incorporé dans la levure, et leur utilisation dans le contrôle des insectes, des acariens et des rongeurs.Pesticide compositions comprising a photosensitive insecticide or a photosensitive herbicide or a photosensitive insecticide or herbicide synergist incorporated into yeast, and their use in the control of insects, mites and rodents.

Description

PESTICIDAL FORMULATIONS
The present invention relates to formulations for stabilising, light sensitive substances, particularly pesticides and/or pesticides and herbicide synergists, and the use of such formulations in the control of pests.
European patent No. 85805B discloses encapsulated products involving a microbial capsule, and specifically a yeast capsule, and a method for producing such encapsulated products. The encapsulated products are formed by treating the grown microbe with an organic lipid-extending substance in which the material being encapsulated is soluble, and simultaneously and/or subsequently contacting the microbe with the material to be encapsulated. It is mentioned that the encapsulation method is particularly suitable for producing encapsulated dyes but other examples of material to be encapsulated include adhesives, adhesive components, pharmaceuticals, flavours, rodenticides, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and odiferous materials.
European patent specification No. 242135A discloses a modification of this microbial encapsulation technique in which the grown intact microbe is treated with an encapsulatable material in liquid form whereby the encapsulatable material diffuses into the microbial cell without causing total lysis thereof. The process is carried out in the absence of a lipid-extending substance (as defined in European patent No. 85805B). The products of this encapsulation technique are described as being usually more stable than non encapsulated materials and to give products with controlled release characteristics advantageous for the administration of drugs, pheromones and pesticides. However, it was not known that one could decrease the sensitivity of a substance to light (ie. its photosensitivity) by simply encapsulating the substance without incorporating further materials such as absorbers or light scatterers. It has now been found that light sensitive/photosensitive substances, such as the synergist piperonyl butoxide and insecticides extracted from pyrethrum (the pyrethrins) when encapsulated in yeast become significantly less light sensitive and can be used for applications not previously available to them.
In the present context a photosensitive substance is a substance which degrades rapidly on exposure to daylight and would typically have a half-life of less than 5 hours when this is measured under test conditions, and particularly is a substance which has a half-life of less than 1 hour and more particularly is a substance which has a half-life of less than 40 minutes. Typically the use of the photosensitive substance is limited by its photosensitivity. Suitable test conditions are provided by applying the substance to an inert surface (such as glass) and exposing the deposit to controlled artificial light conditions. A suitable source of artificial sunlight is provided, by the use of a "Hanau Suntester" (Heraeus Suntest Lamp, accelerated exposure table unit), as described hereinafter.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a formulation which comprises a photosensitive active ingredient encapsulated in yeast. Suitably, the photosensitive active ingredient is a photosensitive insecticide or a photosensitive herbicide or an insecticide synergist or herbicide synergist encapsulated in yeast. Suitably the photosensitive insecticide has a half-life of less than 40 minutes and is a member of the pyrethrin class of insecticides. Further insecticides which may with advantage be included in the formulation of the present invention are those which have a half-life of greater than 1 hour and include pyrethroids such as the allethrins (such as bioallethrin, S-bioallethrin and esbiothrin), the resmethrins (resmethrin, bioresmethrin), lipid amides (for example as described in European Patent Specifications 0369762, 111105, 164187, 194764, 209289, 225011, 251472, 269457 and 317188) and pyrethroids which have some degree of light stability, for example, permethrin, α-cypermethrin and deltamethrin. A suitable photosensitive herbicide is trifluralin. A suitable rodenticide is cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Suitably the insecticide or herbicide synergist is piperonyl butoxide (5-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)- ethoxymethyl]-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole). Preferably the encapsulated material is piperonyl butoxide or a mixture of this with a pyrethrum extract or a member of the allethrin class of insecticides. Preferably, the herbicide, insecticide or herbicide or insecticide synergist is encapsulated in yeast by the method of European patent specification No. 242135A or European patent No. 85805B.
The precise amount of encapsulated material to be applied to a locus would depend on the inherent activity of the material against the insect or weed species to be controlled, the method of application and the nature of the formulation to be applied and whether or not piperonyl butoxide is included in the formulation, but in general the following quantities would be applied : pyrethrins between 50 and 300 grams per hectare (two and twelve ounces per acre), piperonyl butoxide between 50 and 1200 grams per hectare (0.125 and 31bs per acre) and lipid amides between 5 and 150 grams per hectare (0.0125 and 0.41bs per acre).
Formulations of the present invention may be applied as solid formulations in a mixture with a powdered solid inert carrier, for example suitable clays, kaolin, bentonite, attapulgite, absorbant carbon black, talc, mica, chalk, gypsum, tricalcium phosphate, powdered cork, magnesium silicate, vegetable carriers, starch and diatomaceous earths.
Wettable powders comprise an inert solid carrier(s), optionally one or more surface active agents, and/or stabilisers and/or anti-oxidants.
Wettable powders will normally contain from 5 to 95% by weight of the active ingredient, and are diluted, for example with water, before use. Aqueous suspensions of a formulation of the present invention may comprise a suspension in water together with suspending, stabilising or other agents. The suspensions or solution may be applied per se or in a diluted form in known fashion.
Aerosol sprays may be prepared as a suspension of the active ingredient in water in the presence of an aerosol propellent, such as carbon dioxide. Pour-on formulations may be made as a suspension of a formulation of the present invention in water.
Baits may comprise a formulation of the present invention, optionally admixed with additional edible material in a suitable binding matrix.
The formulations of the present invention may be used to control pests such as arthropod (insect and acarine) pests, and rodents.
Thus the present invention provides a method for the control of arthropod or rodent pests which comprises administering to the arthropod or rodent pest or to its environment a pesticidally effective amount of a pesticidal formulation of the present invention. The present invention also provides a method for the control and/or eradication of arthropod infestations of animals and/or of plants, (including trees), and/or stored products which comprises administering to the animal or locus an effective amount of an arthropodicidal formulation of the present invention. The present invention further provides pesticidal formulations of the present invention for use in controlling pests in human and veterinary medicine, in public health control and in agriculture.
The formulations of the present invention may also be used to control weeds.
Thus, the present invention provides a method for the control of weeds which comprises administering to the weed or to its environment a herbicidally effective amount of a herbicidal formulation of the present invention.
The insecticidal formulations of the present invention are of particular value in the protection of field, forage, plantation, glasshouse, orchard and vineyard crops, of ornamentals and of plantation and forest trees, for example, cereals (such as maize, wheat, rice, sorghum), cotton, tobacco, vegetables and salads (such as beans, cole crops, curcubits, lettuce, onions, tomatoes and peppers), field crops (such as potato, sugar beet, ground nuts, soyabean, oil seed rape), sugar cane, grassland and forage (such as maize, sorghum, lucerne), plantations (such as of tea, coffee, cocoa, banana, oil palm, coconut, rubber, spices) orchards and groves (such as of stone and pip fruit, citrus, kiwifruit, avocado, mango, olives and walnuts), vineyards, ornamental plants, flowers and shrubs under glass and in gardens and parks, forest trees (both deciduous and evergreen) in forests, plantations and nurseries.
They are also valuable in the protection of timber (standing, felled, converted, stored or structural) from attack by sawflies (e.g. Urocerus) or beetles (e.g. scolytids, platypodids, lyctids, bostrychids, cerambycides, anobiids).
They have applications in the protection of stored products such as grains, fruits, nuts, spices and tobacco, whether whole, milled or compounded into products, from moth, beetle and mite attack. Also protected are stored animal products such as skins, hair, wool and feathers in natural or converted form (e.g. as carpets or textiles) from moth and beetle attack; also stored meat and fish from beetle, mite and fly attack.
The insecticidal compositions of the present invention are thus useful in the control of arthropods, e.g. insects and acarines in any environment where these constitute pests, e.g. in agriculture, in animal husbandry, in public health control and in domestic situations. Insect pests include members of the orders Coleoptera (e.g. Anobium, Ceutorhynchus, Rhynchophorus, Cosmopolites, Lissorhoptrus, Meligethes. Hypothenemus, Hylesinus, Acalymma, Lema, Psylliodes. Leptinotarsa, Gonocephalum, Aqriotes, Dermolepida, Heteronvchus, Phaedon, Tribolium, Sitophilus, Diabrotica, Anthonomus or Anthrenus spp.), Lepidoptera (e.g. Ephestia, Mamestra, Earias. Pectinophora. Ostrinia, Trichoplusia, Pieris, Laphygma, Agrotis, Amathes, Wiseana, Tryporysa, Diatrae, Sporganothis, Cydia, Archips, Plutella, Chilo, Heliothis, Spodoptera or Tineola spp.), Diptera (e.g. Musca, Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Glossina. Simulium. Stomoxys, Haematobia, Tabanus, Hydrotaea, Lucilia, Chrysomia, Callitroga, Dermatobia, Gasterophilus, Hypoderma, Hylemyia, Atherigona, Chlorops, Phytomyza, Ceratitis. Liriomvza and Melophagus SPP.). Phthiraptera (Malophaga e.g. Damalina spp. and Anoplura e.g. Linoqnathus and Haematopinus spp.), Hemiptera (e.g. Aphis, Bemisia, Phorodon, Aeneolamia, Empoasca, Parkinsiella, Pyrilla, Aonidiella, Coccus, Pseudococus, Helopeltis, Lygus, Dysdercus, Oxycarenus, Nezara, Aleurodes, Triatoma, Psylla, Mysus, Meqoura, Phylloxera, Adelyes, Niloparvata, Nephrotetix or Cimex spp.), Orthoptera (e.g. Locusta, Gryllus, Schistocerca or Acheta spp.), Dictyoptera (e.g. Blattella, Periplaneta or Blatta spp.) Hymenoptera (e.g. Athalia, Cephus, Atta, Solenopsis or Monomorium spp.), Isoptera (e.g. Odontotermes and Reticulitermes spp.), Siphonaptera (e.g. Ctencephalides or Pulex spp.), Thysanura (e.g. Lepisma spp.), Dermaptera (e.g. Forficula spp.), Pscoptera (e.g. Peripsocus spp.) and Thysanoptera (e.g. Thrips tabaci),. Acarine pests include ticks, e.g. members of the genera Boophilus, Ornithodorus, Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, Hvalomma, Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor and Anocentor, and mites and manges such as Acarus, Tetranychus, Psoroptes, Notoednes, Sarcoptes, Psorergates, Chorioptes, Eutrombicula, Demodex, Panonychus, Bryobia, Eriophyes, Blaniulus, Polyphagotarsonemus, Scutigerella, and Oniscus spp.
The formulations of the present invention can be used in the control of larvae, for example, in ttie form of a bait containing a suitable larvicide such as permethrin. The formulations of the present invention which contain a rodenticide can be used in the control of rodents.
The present invention will now be described in more detail by way of the following examples:
Examples 1-7 are formulations according to the present invention in which the method of yeast encapsulation followed is as given in the method of European patent specification 242135 in that the material to be encapsulated is mixed with the yeast in a liquid medium. Example 8 shows the results of tests to determine the light-stability of piperonyl butoxide encapsulated in yeast cells. Example 9 shows the results of biological tests on cockroaches.
Example 1
Spray dried formulation of yeast encapsulated Pyrethrum/Piperonyl butoxide approx.
% w/w
Pyrethrum Pale 25% 10.8
Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) 29.3
Bakers yeast 56.0
Synthetic silica 3.9
(eg Sipernat 22S)
This formulation is made from the fol lowing concentrate.
Concentrate:
approx.
% w/w
Pyrethrum Pale 25% 4.6
PBO 11.5
Bakers yeast 30.1
Water 53.5
Preservative 0.3
The formulation is made by mixing the concentrate with fumed silica (eg. Cab-o-sil M5) and water in the following ratio after which the formulation is passed through a spray dryer. approx.
% w/w
Concentrate 24.8
Cab-o-sil M5 1.0
Water 74.2
Example 2
Spray dried formulation of yeast encapsulated Pyrethrum/Piperonyl butoxide
The formulation is made by mixing the following concentrate with fumed silica (eg. Cab-o-sil M5) and water in the ratio given for Example 1. Concentrate:
approx.
% w/w
Pyrethrum Pale 25% 10.8
PBO 29.3
Bakers yeast 52.8
Silica (eg Cab-o-sil M5) 7.0
Preservative 0.1
Examples 1 and 2, are of general applicability for additions of up to 0.7g active ingredient per g of yeast.
Example 3
Permethrin Powder (Wettable) approx.
% w/w
Permethrin 11.9
C9 primary alcohol 7.9
Bakers yeast 80.1
Preservative (formalin) 0.1
Made from a washed and spray dried Permethrin concentrate (No anti caking agent required) as follows: approx.
% w/w
Permethrin 15.3
C9 primary alcohol 10.2
Bakers yeast 38.5
Water 35.7
Formalin 0.3 Example 4
Dust (made from powder concentrate, Example 3)
final approx
% w/w
Permethrin tech. 0.5
Solvent (C9 alcohol, Aromasol H) 0.2
Bakers yeast 1.4
Silica (Cab-o-sil M5) 1.8
Talc 96.1
Example 5
Aqueous suspensions
Various dilutions may be required, depending on final concentration. Yeast tends to settle and hence a suspending agent may be used. approx.
(10% dilution) % w/w
Yeast concentrate: (14% yeast
encapsulated permethrin, see
Example 6) 10.0
Suspending agent eg. biopolysaccharide, xanthan gum, Keltrol) 0.3
Water 89.6
Preservative (eg Bronidox L, 0.1
5-bromo-5-nitro, 1,3 dioxane in
propylene glycol, Proxel GXL
(aqueous diisopropylene glycol
solution of approximately 20%
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one ( B.I.T.)
as sodium salt, or formalin. Levels of suspending agent will vary depending on the type used. This dilution may then be used as produced or as part of another formulation eg aerosol.
Example 6
Aerosols
approx.
% w/w i) Yeast concentrate (eg 14%
Permethrin, see below) 9.8
Wetting agent (eg silicone
wetter Tegoplant WT25) 0.1
Water 88.0
CO2 2.1 ii) Yeast concentrate (eg. 14% yeast
encapsulated Permethrin, see
below) 60.0
Butane 40 40.0
Yeast concentrate (14% yeast encapsulated Permethrin) approx.
% w/w
Permethrin 14.0
Aromatic solvent (Aromasol H) 9.4
Bakers yeast 35.2
Water 41.1
Preservative (formalin, Proxel GXL
or Bronidox L) 0.3 Example 7 Baits
approx.
% w/w i) Magnesium - Aluminium Silicate
(Low grade mica) eg Vermiculite 58.6
Syrup 40.0
Yeast concentrate (as below) 1.4
Concentrate:
approx
% w/w
Permethrin 7.2
Aromasol H 7.2
Bakers yeast 28.5
Water 57.0
Antifoam (eg. Silcolapse 5000) 0.1
ii) Alternative base matrix
approx.
% w/w
Soya flour 20.0
Fish meal 20.0
Sugar 20.0
Paraffin wax 11.0
Soya oil 20.0
Yeast concentrate 9.0
Larvicides - may be used as a_diluted concentrated sample ie up to 40% active ingredient/solvent mix, or as a low encapsulated level eg 1 - 2% (Permethrin) or lower with other active ingredients. Example 8
Experiments
Determination of light-stability of Piperonyl Butoxide encapsulated in yeast cells
A. Stability on glazed tiles
Tests were carried out to determine the light stability of piperonyl butoxide encapsulated in yeast cells. The following method was also applied to piperonyl butoxide/pyrethrins mixtures as well as to the more light-stable pyrethroids.
Method
A dilution in water was prepared, to give a piperonyl butoxide content of 6mg/ml (or 20mg/ml in piperonyl butoxide/pyrethrins formulations). A 6cm circle was marked out onto a 10.5 x 10.5cm glazed white ceramic tile and 0.5ml of the well mixed suspension applied by pipette evenly within the marked circle. The tile was left overnight on a level surface to dry.
The tile was then placed in a Hereaus Suntest Lamp ("Hanau
Suntester"), water-cooled to give a maximum temperature of 30°C and exposed for an exact time which was then recorded. The light on the tile surface was 60,000 lux, 2.5 mW/cm2 UVA. The tile was taken from the lamp and the deposit removed with small swab of cotton wool soaked in methanol. These were transferred to a 50ml stoppered conical flask and the methanol evaporated in a current of air. 10ml of methanol was pipetted onto the deposit and placed in a sonic bath for 5 minutes.
The resultant solution was filtered and subjected to GLC analysis comparing chromatograms with a 0.02 percent solution of piperonyl butoxide. A control was carried out by applying 0.5ml of a 0.6 percent solution of technical piperonyl butoxide within the 6cm circle and carrying out the test as outlined.
The Pyrethrins/PBO sample used was as follows:
Sample PYR1 w/w
Pyrethrum 25% pale 5.5 (10% of total unencapsulated)
PBO 13.5 (16% of total unencapsulated)
Bakers yeast 35.6
Water 45.4
The permethrin/PBO sample used was as follows:
Sample PRM2 % w/w
Permethrin 8.0 (7.8% internal)
PBO 8.0 (7.4% internal)
Yeast 28.5
Water 55.5
Results
Results from the UV stability testing of Pyrethrins/PBO and
TABLE 1
(YEAST ENCAPSULATED) PYRETHRINS/PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE
STABILITY ON GLAZED TILES EXPOSED TO HANAU SUNTESTER
Noininal Application on tiles 1.05 mg PYRETHRINS ) PYR1
10.2 mg PBO )
0)
c
m
ω
H H Minutes of 5 mins 10 mins 15 mins 20 mins 30 mins c exposure
H m
ω
I
m
m PYRETHRINS 0.63 0.38 0.20 0.16 0.11 mg/tile
PBO 9.7 10.3 10.3 9.5 9.7 mg/tile
TABLE 2
(YEAST ENCAPSULATED) PYRETHRINS/PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE
STABILITY ON GLAZED TILES EXPOSED TO HANAU SUNTESTER
Nominal Application on tiles 1.05 mg PYRETHRIN PYR1
10.2 mg PBO
Control 10.7 mg PBO
Exposure 0.5 hours 1.0 hours 2.0 hours 3.0 hours Time
Sample PYR1
mg PBO - 9.4 8.3 7.8
Control
mg PBO 5.2 NT NT NT
NT = not tested
TABLE 3
(YEAST ENCAPSULATED) PERMETHRIN/PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE
STABILITY ON GLAZED TILES EXPOSED TO HANAU SUNTESTER
Nominal Application on Tiles 3.0 mg PERMETHRIN ) pRM2
3.2 mg PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE )
Control 3.0 mg PERMETHRIN
Control 10.7 mg PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE
Exposure 0.5 hours 1 hour 2 hours 3 hours 7 hours
Time
Sample PRM 2
PRM mg/tile NT 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.2
PBO mg/tile NT 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.3
Control
PRM mg/tile 2.7 2.4 NT NT NT
Control
PBO mg/tile 5.2
NT = not tested
B. Stability on glass
Testing was carried out on Piperonyl Butoxide encapsulated in yeast to determine the overall stability profile on glass. Experiment A above indicated the half life of PB to be increased when encapsulated in yeast and applied to glazed tiles, but no value was determined. This experiment was designed to obtain a half-life (Tl/2 value) for the formulation used.
Sample: Piperonyl Butoxide (22.1% w/w internal, 0.7% w/w external) in bakers yeast.
Method
The formulation was diluted with water and applied to glass plates at a rate of 50mg/plate. The dilution was applied weight wise as small droplets over the plate surface and allowed to dry before being placed under the Suntest lamp for intervals up to 36 hours. The total levels of PB remaining were then determined using the method outlined in A.
TABLE 4 Application rate 0.14mg/6cm plate = 50mg m2
Time (hours) % of active remaining after exposure initial 100
2 97
5 84
8 76
12 69
16 66
36 52 Result
T 1/2 value for yeast encapsulated PBO of about 35h.
A typical value for a control would be about 30 minutes.
Example 9
Mortality testing of yeast encapsulated pyrethrum/piperonyl butoxide against cockroaches
Formulations similar to Examples 1 or 2 were prepared containing 4.5% technical pyrethrin and 13.5% piperonyl butoxide. Serial dilutions were prepared giving solutions containing 0.2-0.02% w/v pyrethrins. 0.5ml aliquots of these dilutions were applied to glazed tile surfaces.
Ten cockroaches (male, Blatella germanica) were exposed to wet deposits of these formulations for 30 seconds and the mortality recorded after 6 days compared to a pyrethrin/piperonyl butoxide formulation (Pybuthrin 5/50 EC.) which is an emulsifiable concentrate containing 5% pyrethrin and 50% piperonyl butoxide.
Results
TABLE 5
Formulation Pyrethrin mean % 6 day Mortality
w/v %
(Yeast Encapsuilated 0.2 100
pyrethrum/ 0.1 100
piperonyl 0.05 100
butoxide)
Pybuthrin 0.2 100
5/50 EC. 0.1 100
0.05 100

Claims

1. A formulation comprising a photosensitive active ingredient encapsulated in yeast.
2. A formulation comprising a photosensitive insecticide or a photosensitive herbicide or an insecticide synergist encapsulated in yeast.
3. A formulation according to claim 2 wherein the photosensitive insecticide is a member of the pyrethrin and/or light sensitive pyrethroid classes of insecticides.
4. A formulation according to claim 3 wherein the light sensitive pyrethroid is a member of the allethrin or resmethrin class of insecticides.
5. A formulation according to any of claims 1 to 4 which contains a lipid amide, permethrin or deltamethrin.
6. A formulation according to any preceding claim wherein the insecticide or herbicide synergist is piperonyl butoxide.
7. A formulation according to any preceding claim wherein the encapsulated material is piperonyl butoxide with pyrethrum extract or with a member of the allethrin class of insecticides.
8. A formulation according to any preceding claim wherein the photosensitive active ingredient is encapsulated in yeast by mixing the yeast with the photosensitive active ingredient in a liquid medium.
9. A formulation according to any preceding claim in the form of a spray dried formulation, a concentrate, a powder, a dust, an aqueous suspension, an aerosol or a bait.
10. A method of controlling pests by administering to the pest or its environment a pesticidally effective amount of a photosensitive pesticide encapsulated in yeast.
11. A method for controlling weeds comprising administering to the weed or to its environment a herbicidally effective amount of a photosensitive herbicide encapsulated in yeast.
EP91911145A 1990-06-13 1991-06-12 Pesticidal formulations Withdrawn EP0533774A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9013220 1990-06-13
GB909013220A GB9013220D0 (en) 1990-06-13 1990-06-13 Pesticidal formulations

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0533774A1 true EP0533774A1 (en) 1993-03-31

Family

ID=10677568

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91911145A Withdrawn EP0533774A1 (en) 1990-06-13 1991-06-12 Pesticidal formulations

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0533774A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05506453A (en)
AU (1) AU7974391A (en)
BR (1) BR9106516A (en)
CA (1) CA2075284A1 (en)
GB (1) GB9013220D0 (en)
IE (1) IE911983A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991019417A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA914502B (en)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6544513B2 (en) 1994-09-26 2003-04-08 The State Of New South Wales C/- Nsw Department Of Agriculture Method of controlling moth and other insect pests
EP0973542A4 (en) * 1997-01-09 2004-04-21 Stephen L Tvedten Biological pesticide
US6663860B1 (en) 1998-01-08 2003-12-16 Stephen L. Tvedten Biological pesticide
US7393528B2 (en) 1997-01-09 2008-07-01 Tvedten Stephen L Biological pesticide
GB0322467D0 (en) * 2003-09-25 2003-10-29 Reckitt Benckiser Uk Ltd Encapsulated products
TWI350140B (en) * 2004-03-19 2011-10-11 Dow Agrosciences Llc Pesticide compositions
GB2413495A (en) * 2004-04-27 2005-11-02 Micap Plc Phytoactive composition
GB2413563A (en) * 2004-04-27 2005-11-02 Micap Plc Composition comprising a biocide encapsulated within a fungal cell
ES2600103T3 (en) * 2011-08-22 2017-02-07 Romano Natur Gmbh Antiparasitic composition of high activity against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
RU2706162C1 (en) * 2019-06-14 2019-11-14 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Новосибирский государственный аграрный университет" Use of chlorogenic acid as synergist of insecticides based on entomopathogenic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4001480A (en) * 1974-08-16 1977-01-04 Swift & Company Encapsulation process utilizing microorganisms and products produced thereby
DE3269886D1 (en) * 1981-11-21 1986-04-17 Dunlop Ltd Process for encapsulating substances by means of microorganisms, and the encapsulated products obtained thereby
GB2162147A (en) * 1984-07-26 1986-01-29 Dunlop Ltd Encapsulation and encapsulated products
GB8608964D0 (en) * 1986-04-12 1986-05-14 Pannell N A Producing microbially encapsulated materials

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9119417A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9013220D0 (en) 1990-08-01
CA2075284A1 (en) 1991-12-14
ZA914502B (en) 1993-02-24
JPH05506453A (en) 1993-09-22
IE911983A1 (en) 1991-12-18
WO1991019417A1 (en) 1991-12-26
AU7974391A (en) 1992-01-07
BR9106516A (en) 1993-05-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
FI80822C (en) INKAPSLINGSFOERFARANDE SAMT GENOM FOERFARANDET FRAMSTAELLD, MIKROKAPSLAR INNEHAOLLANDE INSEKTISIDKOMPOSITION.
CA2205954C (en) Pesticides
GB1560303A (en) Optically active substituted cyanophenoxybenzyl isovalerates their preparation and insecticidal compositions containing them
JP2010510996A (en) Combination of insecticidal active ingredients (formononetin + insecticide)
JPH05221818A (en) Method of preventing and removing harmful arthropods by phosphoric acid or monoest- er and salt thereof
CZ124894A3 (en) Phenylhydrazine derivatives, a pesticidal agent containing such compounds and method of controlling undesired insects
KR100885821B1 (en) Compositions and methods for controlling insects
EP0533774A1 (en) Pesticidal formulations
WO2015135424A1 (en) Pesticidal composition and method for controlling pests
AU635747B2 (en) Pesticidal compositions
US6555709B1 (en) Aromatic amides, their preparation process and their use as pesticides
AU614410B2 (en) Pesticidal compositions containing BHT or BHA potentiators
JPH05117112A (en) Sustained release agricultural chemical granule
EP0545892A1 (en) Pesticidal compounds
US4985411A (en) Dialkyl-substituted dithianes and pesticidal compositions
AU648626B2 (en) Substituted 1,3-dithiane or oxathiane derivatives
EP0235979A1 (en) Pesticidal formulations
RU2056107C1 (en) Insecticide-acaricide composition
US4132785A (en) Isopropyl parathion as an insecticide for treating soil
US5061726A (en) Alkynylphenyl-substituted 1,3-oxathione compounds with pesticidal activity
JPH04173788A (en) Nitromethylene compound, its production and insecticide containing the compound as active component
JPH05112404A (en) Insecticidal composition
JPS6016921B2 (en) Agricultural and horticultural chemicals
TH193B (en) Ester derivatives of organic phosphoric acid. The same preparation process and insecticidal, mite-killing, or nematode-killing ingredients that contain the same substance.
JPH04211049A (en) 4-halophenylthiourea derivative and insecticidal and miticidal composition containing the derivative as active component

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19921114

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ROUSSEL-UCLAF

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19950130

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19950610