EP0529474A2 - Device for generating heat by catalytic combustion - Google Patents
Device for generating heat by catalytic combustion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0529474A2 EP0529474A2 EP92114039A EP92114039A EP0529474A2 EP 0529474 A2 EP0529474 A2 EP 0529474A2 EP 92114039 A EP92114039 A EP 92114039A EP 92114039 A EP92114039 A EP 92114039A EP 0529474 A2 EP0529474 A2 EP 0529474A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- exhaust gas
- mixer
- catalytic combustion
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
- F23K5/007—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
- F23K5/14—Details thereof
- F23K5/20—Preheating devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for generating heat by catalytic combustion of a gaseous or liquid fuel.
- Such devices can e.g. as heating systems in buildings, in particular for heating systems with an output of a few 100 kW.
- pages 370 to 374 describes the catalytic combustion of hydrogen and measures are given to avoid self-ignition, namely a premix burner with a catalytic heater, the catalyst layer temperature of which is below the point at each point Self-ignition temperature of hydrogen is, as well as a catalyst with a damped temperature dependence of the sales performance, for which a special catalyst structure is required.
- self-ignition namely a premix burner with a catalytic heater, the catalyst layer temperature of which is below the point at each point Self-ignition temperature of hydrogen is, as well as a catalyst with a damped temperature dependence of the sales performance, for which a special catalyst structure is required.
- the aforementioned premixing of the fuel gas with air and preheating the mixture is proposed.
- the invention has for its object to provide a device for heat generation by catalytic combustion, in which self-ignition of a fuel-air with little effort in facilities or substances Mixture is avoided and good, low-emission combustion is also achieved.
- a device for generating heat by catalytic combustion of a gaseous one or liquid fuel in which a fuel / air mixer is connected upstream of a catalytic combustion chamber and a heat exchanger for heat extraction is connected downstream, a fuel / exhaust gas mixer being arranged in front of the fuel / air mixer and receiving part of the exhaust gas from the device and means for the controlled heating of the fuel-exhaust gas-air mixture are provided.
- the proposed exhaust gas recirculation for admixing the exhaust gas as an inert gas to the fuel in a fuel / exhaust gas mixer advantageously reduces the ignitability of the mixture.
- the combustion temperature is lower than that of conventional devices and therefore also the NO x emission.
- the mixture supplied must be preheated. This can be done for example by electrical heating or with the help of a surface heat exchanger through the hot water generated by the overall device. It is also possible to arrange a surface heat exchanger and to use hot flue gas to preheat the fuel / air mixture.
- part of the exhaust gases is returned as hot flue gas from the burner outlet to the fuel / exhaust gas mixer, which makes it possible to preheat the fuel-air mixture without a surface heat exchanger and also to vaporize a liquid fuel.
- a first mixing chamber referred to as fuel / exhaust gas mixer 1 is fuel B, e.g. Natural gas.
- the fuel B is mixed with cold exhaust gas A, which is returned from the outlet of the overall device with a second return line 6, thereby reducing the risk of auto-ignition.
- hot flue gas R is also returned from the outlet of a catalytic burner 3 to the fuel / exhaust gas mixer 1 via a first return line 5.
- Means for controlling and regulating the mass flows of the two exhaust gas flows are not shown in order to achieve a desired temperature of the mixture entering the burner 3.
- a fuel / air mixer 2 is arranged as a second mixing chamber, to which air L is supplied.
- Required Means for regulating the air supply to set a certain lambda value are not shown.
- a burner 3 is followed by a heat exchanger 4, with the aid of which heat is transferred from the hot flue gas R to a water circuit W.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
Abstract
Mit der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, in einer Einrichtung zur Wärmeerzeugung durch katalytische Verbrennung, z.B. in einer Heizungsanlage, Verbesserungen hinsichtlich einer Verminderung der NOx-Emissionen und der Gefahr einer Selbstentzündung eines Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches dadurch zu erzielen, daß dem Brennstoff ein Teil des Abgases zugemischt wird. Durch Rückführung eines Teils des heißen Abgases vom Brennerausgang auf einen Brenstoff/Abgas-Mischer (1) kann eine Vorwärmung des Gasgemisches erzielt werden. <IMAGE>The invention proposes to use in a device for heat generation by catalytic combustion, e.g. in a heating system to achieve improvements in terms of reducing the NOx emissions and the risk of spontaneous combustion of a fuel-air mixture by admixing part of the exhaust gas with the fuel. By recirculating part of the hot exhaust gas from the burner outlet to a fuel / exhaust gas mixer (1), the gas mixture can be preheated. <IMAGE>
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Einrichtung zur Wärmeerzeugung durch katalytische Verbrennung eines gasförmigen oder flüssigen Brennstoffs.The invention relates to a device for generating heat by catalytic combustion of a gaseous or liquid fuel.
Solche Einrichtungen können z.B. als Heizanlagen in Gebäuden, insbesondere für Heizanlagen mit einer Leistung von einigen 100 kW Anwendung finden.Such devices can e.g. as heating systems in buildings, in particular for heating systems with an output of a few 100 kW.
Konventionelle Brenner verursachen thermische NOx-Emissionen von etwa 150 mg/m³. Es ist aus Joos, L., Stand der Nox-Emissionen und der Minderungsmaßnahmen bei Gasfeuerungen im HuK-Bereich, Gaswärme international, Bd. 35, 4, 1986, Seiten 187 bis 195 bekannt, daß durch Verwendung eines katalytischen Brenners eine deutliche NOx-Reduktion, nämlich um etwa 95% erzielt werden kann. Allerdings besteht bei katalytischen Brennern die Gefahr, daß sich das vor dem Eintritt in den Brennerraum hergestellte Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch selbst entzündet. Eine erforderliche Vorheizung des Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches auf etwa 300 bis 500°C bzw. ein Verdampfen von flüssigem Brennstoffen verursacht apparativen Zusatzaufwand. So ist z.B. in BWK, Bd. 39 (1987), Nr. 7/8, Seiten 370 bis 374 die katalytische Verbrennung von Wasserstoff beschrieben und es sind Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung einer Selbstentzündung angegeben, nämlich ein Vormischbrenner mit einem katalytischen Heizer, dessen Katalysatorschicht-Temperatur an jedem Punkt unter der Selbstentzündungstemperatur von Wasserstoff liegt, sowie ein Katalysator mit gedämpfter Temperaturabhängigkeit der Umsatzleistung, wozu eine besondere Katalysatorstruktur erforderlich ist. Für Hochtemperaturbrenner wird die erwähnte Vormischung des Brenngases mit Luft und Vorheizung des Gemisches vorgeschlagen.Conventional burners cause thermal NO x emissions of around 150 mg / m³. It is known from Joos, L., status of the No x emissions and the reduction measures for gas firing in the HuK area, Gaswärme international, Vol. 35, 4, 1986, pages 187 to 195 that by using a catalytic burner a clear NO x reduction, namely can be achieved by about 95%. However, with catalytic burners there is a risk that the fuel-air mixture produced before entering the burner chamber will ignite itself. A necessary preheating of the fuel-air mixture to about 300 to 500 ° C or an evaporation of liquid fuels causes additional equipment expenditure. For example, in BWK, Vol. 39 (1987), No. 7/8, pages 370 to 374 describes the catalytic combustion of hydrogen and measures are given to avoid self-ignition, namely a premix burner with a catalytic heater, the catalyst layer temperature of which is below the point at each point Self-ignition temperature of hydrogen is, as well as a catalyst with a damped temperature dependence of the sales performance, for which a special catalyst structure is required. For high-temperature burners, the aforementioned premixing of the fuel gas with air and preheating the mixture is proposed.
Aus der DE-AS 10 25 095 ist ein Betriebsverfahren für einen Kessel zur Dampferzeugung bekannt, der Partikel eines Oxidationskatalysators enthält, die durch eine Brennstoff- und Luftzufuhr aufgewirbelt werden. Ein Teil der zugeführten Luft kann vorgeheizt sein. Mit diesen Maßnahmen soll ein guter Wärmeübergang von der Flamme auf das Arbeitsmittel erzielt werden. Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung einer Selbstentzündung des Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches sind dort nicht angesprochen.From DE-AS 10 25 095 an operating method for a boiler for steam generation is known, which contains particles of an oxidation catalyst, which are whirled up by a fuel and air supply. Some of the air supplied can be preheated. These measures are intended to achieve good heat transfer from the flame to the working fluid. Measures to prevent spontaneous combustion of the fuel-air mixture are not addressed there.
Ausgehend von dem Stand der Technik, der oben anhand der Veröffentlichung in der Zeitschrift BWK beschrieben wurde, liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einrichtung zur Wärmeerzeugung durch katalytische Verbrennung anzugeben, bei der mit geringem Aufwand an Einrichtungen oder Stoffen eine Selbstentzündung eines Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches vermieden ist und außerdem eine gute und emissionsarme Verbrennung erzielt wird.Based on the prior art, which was described above with reference to the publication in the magazine BWK, the invention has for its object to provide a device for heat generation by catalytic combustion, in which self-ignition of a fuel-air with little effort in facilities or substances Mixture is avoided and good, low-emission combustion is also achieved.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Einrichtung zur Wärmeerzeugung durch katalytische Verbrennung eines gasförmigen oder flüssigen Brennstoffs, bei der einer katalytischen Brennkammer ein Brennstoff/Luft-Mischer vorgeschaltet und ein Wärmetauscher zur Wärmeauskopplung nachgeschaltet ist, wobei vor dem Brennstoff/Luft-Mischer ein Brennstoff/Abgas-Mischer angeordnet ist, dem ein Teil des Abgases der Einrichtung zugeführt ist und wobei Mittel zur geregelten Beheizung des Brennstoff-Abgas-Luftgemisches vorhanden sind.This object is achieved by a device for generating heat by catalytic combustion of a gaseous one or liquid fuel, in which a fuel / air mixer is connected upstream of a catalytic combustion chamber and a heat exchanger for heat extraction is connected downstream, a fuel / exhaust gas mixer being arranged in front of the fuel / air mixer and receiving part of the exhaust gas from the device and means for the controlled heating of the fuel-exhaust gas-air mixture are provided.
Die vorgeschlagene Abgasrückführung zur Zumischung des Abgases als Inertgas zum Brennstoff in einem Brennstoff/Abgas-Mischer setzt vorteilhaft die Zündfähigkeit des Gemisches herab. Da außerdem der Heizwert des Gasgemisches durch die Abgaszumischung verringert wird, ist die Verbrennungstemperatur niedriger als bei konventionellen Einrichtungen und dadurch auch die NOx-Emission.The proposed exhaust gas recirculation for admixing the exhaust gas as an inert gas to the fuel in a fuel / exhaust gas mixer advantageously reduces the ignitability of the mixture. In addition, since the calorific value of the gas mixture is reduced by the exhaust gas admixture, the combustion temperature is lower than that of conventional devices and therefore also the NO x emission.
Damit der katalytische Brenner arbeitet, muß eine Vorheizung des zugeführten Gemisches erfolgen. Dies kann beispielsweise durch elektrische Beheizung oder mit Hilfe eines Oberflächen-Wärmetauschers durch das von der Gesamteinrichtung erzeugte Heißwasser erfolgen. Es ist auch möglich, einen Oberflächen-Wärmetauscher anzuordnen und heißes Rauchgas zur Vorheizung des Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisches zu nutzen.In order for the catalytic burner to work, the mixture supplied must be preheated. This can be done for example by electrical heating or with the help of a surface heat exchanger through the hot water generated by the overall device. It is also possible to arrange a surface heat exchanger and to use hot flue gas to preheat the fuel / air mixture.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird ein Teil der Abgase als heißes Rauchgas vom Brennerausgang auf den Brennstoff/Abgas-Mischer zurückgeführt, wodurch die Vorwärmung des Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches ohne Oberflächen-Wärmetauscher möglich ist und auch ein Verdampfen eines flüssigen Brennstoffs möglich ist.According to an advantageous embodiment, part of the exhaust gases is returned as hot flue gas from the burner outlet to the fuel / exhaust gas mixer, which makes it possible to preheat the fuel-air mixture without a surface heat exchanger and also to vaporize a liquid fuel.
Eine bevorzugte Anordnung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und nachstehend beschrieben.A preferred arrangement is shown in the drawing and described below.
Einer als Brennstoff/Abgas-Mischer 1 bezeichneten ersten Mischkammer ist Brennstoff B, z.B. Erdgas, zugeführt. In dem Brennstoff/Abgas-Mischer 1 wird der Brennstoff B mit kaltem Abgas A gemischt, das vom Ausgang der Gesamteinrichtung mit einer zweiten Rückführleitung 6 zurückgeführt ist, wodurch die Selbstzündgefahr gemindert ist. Zur Vorwärmung des Brennstoffs B wird außerdem über eine erste Rückführleitung 5 heißes Rauchgas R vom Ausgang eines katalytischen Brenners 3 auf den Brennstoff/Abgas-Mischer 1 zurückgeführt. Nicht dargestellt sind Mittel zur Steuerung und Regelung der Massenströme der beiden Abgasströme um eine gewünschte Temperatur des am Brenner 3 eintretenden Gemisches zu erzielen.A first mixing chamber referred to as fuel / exhaust gas mixer 1 is fuel B, e.g. Natural gas. In the fuel / exhaust gas mixer 1, the fuel B is mixed with cold exhaust gas A, which is returned from the outlet of the overall device with a
Zwischen dem Brennstoff/Abgas-Mischer 1 und dem Brenner 3 ist ein Brennstoff/Luft-Mischer 2 als zweite Mischkammer angeordnet, der Luft L zugeführt ist. Erforderliche Mittel zur Regelung der Luftzufuhr zur Einstellung eines bestimmten Lambda-Wertes sind nicht dargestellt.Between the fuel / exhaust gas mixer 1 and the burner 3, a fuel / air mixer 2 is arranged as a second mixing chamber, to which air L is supplied. Required Means for regulating the air supply to set a certain lambda value are not shown.
Dem Brenner 3 ist ein Wärmetauscher 4 nachgeschaltet, mit dessen Hilfe Wärme vom heißen Rauchgas R auf einen Wasserkreislauf W übertragen wird.A burner 3 is followed by a heat exchanger 4, with the aid of which heat is transferred from the hot flue gas R to a water circuit W.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4127883 | 1991-08-22 | ||
| DE19914127883 DE4127883A1 (en) | 1991-08-22 | 1991-08-22 | DEVICE FOR HEAT GENERATION BY CATALYTIC COMBUSTION |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0529474A2 true EP0529474A2 (en) | 1993-03-03 |
| EP0529474A3 EP0529474A3 (en) | 1993-05-26 |
Family
ID=6438904
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19920114039 Withdrawn EP0529474A3 (en) | 1991-08-22 | 1992-08-18 | Device for generating heat by catalytic combustion |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0529474A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH05203109A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4127883A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010015214A3 (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2010-04-01 | Ewe Aktiengesellschaft | Method for continuously conditioning gas, preferably natural gas |
| US8500831B2 (en) | 2008-08-04 | 2013-08-06 | Ewe Gasspeicher Gmbh | Device for continuously conditioning fed-out natural gas |
| US8607820B2 (en) | 2008-08-04 | 2013-12-17 | Ewe Gasspeicher Gmbh | Device for continuously mixing fed-out natural gas with oxygen to produce a burnable gas for heating the pressurized natural gas before or after the relaxation thereof |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE554664C (en) * | 1930-03-30 | 1932-07-14 | Cornelius Wolfgang Stort Dipl | Procedure to avoid the flashback of the flame in burners with separate mixing and combustion space for gaseous, vaporized, liquid or dust-like fuels |
| DE1025092B (en) * | 1954-11-19 | 1958-02-27 | Combustion Eng | Operating procedures for boilers to generate and / or superheat steam |
| US3558249A (en) * | 1969-05-13 | 1971-01-26 | Electric Furnace Co | Method and application for preventing flashback in premix gas burner systems |
| US3760776A (en) * | 1971-12-16 | 1973-09-25 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | A system for controlling the injection of an inert gas into the air supplied a burner to inhibit the formation of no{11 |
| US4197701A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1980-04-15 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation | Method and apparatus for combusting carbonaceous fuel |
| JPS57210205A (en) * | 1981-06-22 | 1982-12-23 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | Manufacture of inert gas through catalytic combustion |
| DE3428551A1 (en) * | 1984-08-02 | 1986-02-13 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Process for operating a two-stage gasifying burner |
| US4995807A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1991-02-26 | Bryan Steam Corporation | Flue gas recirculation system |
-
1991
- 1991-08-22 DE DE19914127883 patent/DE4127883A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1992
- 1992-08-18 EP EP19920114039 patent/EP0529474A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-08-24 JP JP4224317A patent/JPH05203109A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010015214A3 (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2010-04-01 | Ewe Aktiengesellschaft | Method for continuously conditioning gas, preferably natural gas |
| RU2470225C2 (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2012-12-20 | Эве Энерги Аг | Method of continuous conditioning of gas, preferably natural gas |
| US8500831B2 (en) | 2008-08-04 | 2013-08-06 | Ewe Gasspeicher Gmbh | Device for continuously conditioning fed-out natural gas |
| US8607820B2 (en) | 2008-08-04 | 2013-12-17 | Ewe Gasspeicher Gmbh | Device for continuously mixing fed-out natural gas with oxygen to produce a burnable gas for heating the pressurized natural gas before or after the relaxation thereof |
| US8899045B2 (en) | 2008-08-04 | 2014-12-02 | Ewe Gasspeicher Gmbh | Method of continuously conditioning gas, preferably natural gas |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4127883A1 (en) | 1993-02-25 |
| JPH05203109A (en) | 1993-08-10 |
| EP0529474A3 (en) | 1993-05-26 |
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