EP1938411A2 - Fuel cell system and method for the operation of a reformer - Google Patents

Fuel cell system and method for the operation of a reformer

Info

Publication number
EP1938411A2
EP1938411A2 EP06775857A EP06775857A EP1938411A2 EP 1938411 A2 EP1938411 A2 EP 1938411A2 EP 06775857 A EP06775857 A EP 06775857A EP 06775857 A EP06775857 A EP 06775857A EP 1938411 A2 EP1938411 A2 EP 1938411A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
reformer
reformate
exhaust gas
burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06775857A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stefan Käding
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Enerday GmbH
Original Assignee
Enerday GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enerday GmbH filed Critical Enerday GmbH
Publication of EP1938411A2 publication Critical patent/EP1938411A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/386—Catalytic partial combustion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
    • C01B2203/0261—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
    • C01B2203/0827—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel at least part of the fuel being a recycle stream
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
    • C01B2203/148—Details of the flowsheet involving a recycle stream to the feed of the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/1695—Adjusting the feed of the combustion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system with a reformer for converting fuel and oxidant to reformate, and with at least one fuel cell, the reformate is supplied. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a reformer for converting fuel and oxidant to reformate.
  • FIG. 1 shows a known simple fuel cell system designed for the use of hydrocarbons.
  • the fuel cell system shown in FIG. 1 has a reformer 110 to which fuel 112 is supplied by a fuel pump 144. Furthermore, the reformer 110 is supplied with oxidizing agent 114, which in the case illustrated is composed of air conveyed by a blower 146 and anode waste gas 126 introduced via an injector 124.
  • the anode exhaust gas 126 is generated by a fuel cell 118 associated with a fuel cell blower 150 and supplied to the reformate 116 produced by the reformer 110.
  • the reformate 116 is a hydrogen-containing gas that is energized in the fuel cell 118 by means of cathode air delivered by the fuel cell blower 150 to electricity and heat.
  • the non-recirculated portion of the anode exhaust gas is supplied to an afterburner 130, which is associated with a Nachbrennerbläse 152.
  • the depleted reformate is reacted with air delivered by the afterburner fan 152 to produce a combustion exhaust gas containing low emissions of CO and NO. - -
  • the intake of the anode exhaust gas 126 takes place with (cold) air upstream of the reformer.
  • the air / anode exhaust gas mixture can be flammable, ignite if necessary and damage the reformer 110 due to the high temperatures that then occur.
  • the intake of the anode exhaust gas 126 as shown, with cold air, it may lead to undesirable soot formation.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop the generic fuel cell systems and methods so that damage to the reformer is ignited by igniting gas mixtures and that an undesirable soot formation is at least reduced compared to the prior art.
  • the fuel cell system builds on the generic state of the art in that the reformer comprises a reformer burner and a reforming catalyst and that between the reformer burner and the reforming catalyst means for supplying anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or reformate and / or exhaust gas of the fuel cell downstream afterburner are provided.
  • the probability of undesirable flame formation is at least significantly lower, since the flue gas leaving the reformer burner contains a lower proportion of oxygen - -
  • the recycled anode exhaust gas is supplied to the hot flue gas, so that there is at least no substantial cooling of the anode exhaust gas mixture, whereby a soot formation can be at least significantly reduced compared to the prior art.
  • the combustion of fuel in the reformer burner at the outlet of the reformer burner provides a larger amount of gas than at its inlet, whereby a larger proportion of the anode exhaust gas can be returned.
  • the means for supplying anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or of reforming and / or exhaust gas of an afterburner connected downstream of the fuel cell comprise at least one injector.
  • the injector can be an injector operating on the Venturi principle, through which the flue gas leaving the reformer burner flows, sucking, for example, anode exhaust gas.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention can advantageously be further developed by providing means for reacting the gas present there between the means for supplying anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or reformate and / or exhaust gas of an afterburner connected downstream of the fuel cell and the reforming catalyst.
  • the means for supplying anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or reformate and / or exhaust gas of an afterburner connected downstream of the fuel cell and the reforming catalyst are located in the combustion mixture of the associated second mixture forming zone less oxygen and a possibly adverse hotspot formation in the catalyst can be avoided.
  • the high proportion of water that forms during the oxidation of the hydrogen can be advantageous for the possibly necessary evaporation of the fuel (for example, when using liquid fuels such as diesel or gasoline).
  • the means for venting the gas comprise a burner, in particular a catalytic burner.
  • a burner like the reformer burner, may be a pore burner.
  • At least two of the components, reformer burner, reformer catalyst and means for supplying anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or of Reform- mat and / or exhaust gas downstream of the fuel cell afterburner are thermally coupled.
  • a thermal coupling of the components installed in the reformer reformer burner, injector (possibly with additional burner) and reformer catalyst makes it possible to influence the temperature profile in the reforming catalyst or in the entire reformer, which in turn can advantageously affect the reforming process.
  • a likewise preferred development of the fuel cell system according to the invention provides that means are provided for controlling the temperature of reformate emerging from the reformer catalyst. This makes it possible to bring the reformate, which emerges from the reforming catalyst, to the correct temperature for the next process steps. ever - -
  • the means for tempering reformate emerging from the reformer catalyst comprise a heat exchanger which transfers waste heat generated by the reformer to reformate emerging from the reformer catalyst.
  • a heat exchanger may, but is not limited to, be formed, for example, by reformate line sections that are (immediately) adjacent to a burner associated with the reformer.
  • means for carrying out a lambda control of the reformer are provided.
  • the lambda control can be carried out, as usual, via a variation of the fuel quantities or the amounts of combustion air.
  • the means for carrying out the lambda control can operate in particular microprocessor-based and comprise at least one lambda probe.
  • the means for supplying anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or reformate and / or exhaust gas of an afterburner connected downstream of the fuel cell are suitable for metering the supply. If, for example, anode exhaust gas is supplied via an injector which operates variably, that is, whose recirculated gas quantity is adjustable, the C / O ratio in the reformer can be influenced in the desired manner. - -
  • the inventive method for operating a reformer is based on the generic state of the art in that an area between a reformer burner and a reforming catalyst anode exhaust gas of a fuel cell and / or reformate and / or exhaust gas of a fuel cell downstream afterburner is supplied.
  • the region is supplied with the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or the reformate and / or the exhaust gas of an afterburner connected downstream of the fuel cell via at least one injector.
  • an advantageous development provides that the gas present after the supply of the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or of the exhaust gas of an afterburner downstream of the fuel cell is reacted in a burner, in particular in a catalytic burner.
  • provision can be made for tempering reformate emerging from the reformer catalyst.
  • the reformate leaving the reformer catalyst it is possible, for example, for the reformate leaving the reformer catalyst to be heated by a heat exchanger which transfers waste heat generated by the reformer to reformate emerging from the reformer catalyst.
  • the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or the reformate and / or the exhaust gas of an afterburner connected downstream of the fuel cell is metered into the region.
  • An essential basic idea of the invention is to avoid unwanted formation of flames and / or unwanted formation of soot in a reformer in that in particular recirculated anode exhaust gas is not fed before the reformer, but between a reformer burner and a reforming catalyst.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic already explained at the beginning
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the invention, which is also suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the illustrated in Figure 2 embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the invention comprises a reformer 10 for converting fuel 12 and oxidant 14 to reformate 16.
  • the fuel for example, gasoline or diesel
  • the reformer 10 by a fuel pump 44 is supplied.
  • air 14 which is supplied to the reformer 10 through a reforming fan 46.
  • Part of the reformate 16 generated by the reformer 10 is supplied to a fuel cell 18 or a fuel cell stack, wherein the hydrogen-containing gaseous reformate supplied to the fuel cell 18 in the fuel cell 18 is converted into electricity and heat by means of cathode air supplied by a fuel blower 50.
  • the reformate removed by the reaction in the fuel cell 18 is supplied to an afterburner 30, for example a pore burner, to which an afterburner fan 52 is assigned.
  • the reformer 10 includes a reformer burner 20 to which the fuel 12 and the oxidizer 14 are supplied. Furthermore, the reformer 10 comprises a burner catalyst 22, to which a fuel pump 48 is assigned. Between the reformer burner 20 and the reforming catalyst 22 means 24 are provided, through which the exhaust gas emerging from the reformer burner 20 anode gas 26 can be supplied. Additionally or alternatively, it may be provided that reformate 16 and / or exhaust gas 28 of the afterburner 30 is supplied to this flue gas, as indicated by the dashed lines.
  • the means 24 are formed in the present case by an injector 32, which operates on the Venturi principle.
  • the injector 32 is capable of varying the amount of anode 26 and / or reformate 16 and / or afterburner exhaust 28 supplied.
  • the injector 32 may be advantageous to provide one or more (not shown) valve devices or blowers over which the respectively supplied amount of gas can be adjusted.
  • another burner 34 such as a catalytic pore burner, is provided to vent the gas supplied to the further burner 34.
  • Fuel for example, when using liquid fuels.
  • the reformate 16 emerging from the reformer catalyst 22 is first heated.
  • means 36 are provided in the form of lines and a heat exchanger 38, wherein the heat exchanger 38 transfers waste heat of the reformer burner 20 to the reformate 16 to heat it, so that it has an optimal temperature for the subsequent process steps. If the reformate emerging from the reforming catalyst 22 has a temperature which is too high for the subsequent process steps, it is possible to cool the reformate 16 emerging from the reforming catalyst 22 by clever routing. In such a case, the heat exchanger 38 could for example be bypassed by a bypass (not shown).
  • means 40 in the form of a controller are provided, which are capable of carrying out a lambda control of the reformer 10.
  • a lambda control of the reformer is possible via a variation of the supplied fuel or air quantities, wherein the actual lambda value is preferably detected via a lambda probe (not shown) and taken into account in the control.
  • a lambda control is particularly advantageous in order to prevent undesired flame formation in the region of the injector 32 from the outset, or to stop it if necessary, if necessary.
  • the inventive method for operating a reformer can with the fuel cell system of Figure 2 as - -
  • the reformer 10 is provided for reacting fuel 12 and oxidizer 14 to reformate 16.
  • the reformer 10 has a reformer burner 20 and a reforming catalyst 22.
  • Anode exhaust gas 26 of a fuel cell 18 and / or reformate 16 and / or exhaust gas 28 of an afterburner 30 connected downstream of the fuel cell 18 is fed to a region 42 between the reformer burner 20 and the reformer catalytic converter 22.
  • the supply of the gas takes place via an injector 32.
  • the gas mixture leaving the injector 32 is consumed by the further burner 22.
  • a tempering of the reformate 16 emerging from the reforming catalyst 22 takes place through the heat exchanger 38, which transfers waste heat generated by the reformer burner 20 to the reformate 16.
  • the lambda control of the reformer 10 is performed by the means 40 in the form of a controller. Furthermore, the injector 32 is designed to vary the amount of gas supplied via it; If appropriate, further valve devices or blowers and the like (not shown) may be provided for this purpose.

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell system comprising a reformer (10) for reacting fuel (12) and oxidizer (14) so as to obtain reformate (16) as well as at least one fuel cell (18) to which reformate (16) is fed. The reformer (10) is fitted with a reformer burner (20) and a reformer catalyst (22). Means (24) for feeding anode exhaust gas (26) of the fuel cell (18) and/or reformate (16) and/or exhaust gas (28) of an afterburner (30) mounted downstream from the fuel cell (18) are provided between the reformer burner (20) and the reformer catalyst (22). The invention also relates to a method for operating a reformer (10) to react fuel (12) and oxidizer (14) so as to obtain reformate (16).

Description

BrennstoffZeilensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines ReformersFuel cell system and method of operating a reformer
Die Erfindung betrifft ein BrennstoffZeilensystem mit einem Reformer zum Umsetzen von Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel zu Reformat, und mit zumindest einer Brennstoffzelle, der Reformat zugeführt wird. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Reformers zum Umsetzen von Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel zu Reformat.The invention relates to a fuel cell system with a reformer for converting fuel and oxidant to reformate, and with at least one fuel cell, the reformate is supplied. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a reformer for converting fuel and oxidant to reformate.
Figur 1 zeigt ein bekanntes einfaches Brennstoffzellensys- tem, das für den Einsatz von Kohlenwasserstoffen ausgelegt ist. Das in Figur 1 dargestellte Brennstoffzellensystem weist einen Reformer 110 auf, dem von einer Brennstoffpumpe 144 Brennstoff 112 zugeführt wird. Weiterhin wird dem Reformer 110 Oxidationsmittel 114 zugeführt, das sich im dargestellten Fall aus von einem Gebläse 146 geförderter Luft und über einen Injektor 124 eingebrachtem Anodenabgas 126 zusammensetzt. Das Anodenabgas 126 wird von einer Brennstoffzelle 118 erzeugt, der ein Brennstoffzellengebläse 150 zugeordnet ist und der von dem Reformer 110 erzeugtes Reformat 116 zugeführt wird. Bei dem Reformat 116 handelt es sich um ein Wasserstoffhaltiges Gas, das in der Brennstoff- zelle 118 mit Hilfe von durch das Brennstoffzellengebläse 150 geförderter Kathodenluft zu Strom und Wärme ungesetzt wird. Im dargestellten Fall wird der nicht zurückgeführte Teil des Anodenabgases einem Nachbrenner 130 zugeführt, dem ein Nachbrennergebläse 152 zugeordnet ist. In dem Nachbren- ner 130 erfolgt eine Umsetzung des abgereicherten Reformats mit durch das Nachbrennergebläse 152 geförderter Luft zu einem Verbrennungsabgas, das geringe Emissionen an CO und NO enthält. - -FIG. 1 shows a known simple fuel cell system designed for the use of hydrocarbons. The fuel cell system shown in FIG. 1 has a reformer 110 to which fuel 112 is supplied by a fuel pump 144. Furthermore, the reformer 110 is supplied with oxidizing agent 114, which in the case illustrated is composed of air conveyed by a blower 146 and anode waste gas 126 introduced via an injector 124. The anode exhaust gas 126 is generated by a fuel cell 118 associated with a fuel cell blower 150 and supplied to the reformate 116 produced by the reformer 110. The reformate 116 is a hydrogen-containing gas that is energized in the fuel cell 118 by means of cathode air delivered by the fuel cell blower 150 to electricity and heat. In the case shown, the non-recirculated portion of the anode exhaust gas is supplied to an afterburner 130, which is associated with a Nachbrennerbläse 152. In the afterburner 130, the depleted reformate is reacted with air delivered by the afterburner fan 152 to produce a combustion exhaust gas containing low emissions of CO and NO. - -
Bei dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Brennstoffzellensystem erfolgt die Ansaugung des Anodenabgases 126 mit (kalter) Luft vor dem Reformer. Unter ungünstigen Betriebsbedingungen kann das Luft-/Anodenabgas-Gemisch brennbar sein, sich ge- gebenenfalls entzünden und durch die dann entstehenden hohen Temperaturen den Reformer 110 beschädigen. Für den Fall, dass die Ansaugung des Anodenabgases 126, wie dargestellt, mit kalter Luft erfolgt, kann es zu einer unerwünschten Rußbildung kommen.In the fuel cell system shown in FIG. 1, the intake of the anode exhaust gas 126 takes place with (cold) air upstream of the reformer. Under unfavorable operating conditions, the air / anode exhaust gas mixture can be flammable, ignite if necessary and damage the reformer 110 due to the high temperatures that then occur. In the event that the intake of the anode exhaust gas 126, as shown, with cold air, it may lead to undesirable soot formation.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, die gattungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellensysteme und Verfahren so weiterzubilden, dass eine Beschädigung des Reformers durch sich entzündende Gasgemische vermieden wird und dass eine unerwünschte Rußbildung im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik zumindest verringert wird.The object of the present invention is to develop the generic fuel cell systems and methods so that damage to the reformer is ignited by igniting gas mixtures and that an undesirable soot formation is at least reduced compared to the prior art.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst.This object is solved by the features of the independent claims.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffzellensystem baut auf dem gattungsgemäßen Stand der Technik dadurch auf, dass der Reformer einen Reformerbrenner und einen Reformerkatalysator aufweist und dass zwischen dem Reformerbrenner und dem Reformerkatalysator Mittel zum Zuführen von Anodenabgas der Brennstoffzelle und/oder von Reformat und/oder von Abgas eines der Brennstoffzelle nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners vorgesehen sind. Bei dieser Lösung ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer unerwünschten Flammenausbildung zumindest deutlich geringer, da in dem aus dem Reformerbrenner austretenden Rauchgas ein geringerer Sauerstoffanteil enthalten ist - -The fuel cell system according to the invention builds on the generic state of the art in that the reformer comprises a reformer burner and a reforming catalyst and that between the reformer burner and the reforming catalyst means for supplying anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or reformate and / or exhaust gas of the fuel cell downstream afterburner are provided. In this solution, the probability of undesirable flame formation is at least significantly lower, since the flue gas leaving the reformer burner contains a lower proportion of oxygen - -
als in Luft. Für den unwahrscheinlichen Fall, dass es zwischen dem Reformerbrenner und dem Reformerkatalysator dennoch zu einer unerwünschten Flammenausbildung im Gasgemisch kommt, ist diese beispielsweise durch die Variation des Lambdawertes der Verbrennung im Reformerbrenner sehr gut korrigierbar. Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung besteht darin, dass das zurückgeführte Anodenabgas dem heißen Rauchgas zugeführt wird, so dass es zumindest zu keiner wesentlichen Abkühlung des Anodenabgas-Gasgemisches kommt, wodurch eine Rußbildung im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik zumindest deutlich verringert werden kann. Darüber hinaus ist es vorteilhaft, dass durch die in dem Reformerbrenner erfolgende Verbrennung von Brennstoff am Ausgang des Reformerbrenners eine größere Gasmenge als an dessen Eingang zur Verfügung steht, wodurch ein größerer Anteil des Anodenabgases zurückgeführt werden kann.as in air. In the unlikely event that there is still an undesirable flame formation in the gas mixture between the reformer burner and the reforming catalyst, this can be corrected very easily, for example, by varying the lambda value of the combustion in the reformer burner. Another advantage of the inventive solution is that the recycled anode exhaust gas is supplied to the hot flue gas, so that there is at least no substantial cooling of the anode exhaust gas mixture, whereby a soot formation can be at least significantly reduced compared to the prior art. In addition, it is advantageous that the combustion of fuel in the reformer burner at the outlet of the reformer burner provides a larger amount of gas than at its inlet, whereby a larger proportion of the anode exhaust gas can be returned.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellensystem ist vorzugsweise weiterhin vorgesehen, dass die Mittel zum Zufüh- ren von Anodenabgas der Brennstoffzelle und/oder von Refor- mat und/oder von Abgas eines der Brennstoffzelle nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners zumindest einen Injektor umfassen. Bei dem Injektor kann es sich insbesondere um einen nach dem Venturi-Prinzip arbeitenden Injektor handeln, der von dem aus dem Reformerbrenner austretenden Rauchgas durchströmt wird und dabei beispielsweise Anodenabgas ansaugt.In the case of the fuel cell system according to the invention, it is further preferably provided that the means for supplying anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or of reforming and / or exhaust gas of an afterburner connected downstream of the fuel cell comprise at least one injector. In particular, the injector can be an injector operating on the Venturi principle, through which the flue gas leaving the reformer burner flows, sucking, for example, anode exhaust gas.
Das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffzellensystem kann in vorteilhafter Weise dadurch weitergebildet sein, dass zwischen den Mitteln zum Zuführen von Anodenabgas der Brennstoffzelle und/oder von Reformat und/oder von Abgas eines der Brennstoffzelle nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners und dem Reformerkatalysator Mittel zum Abreagieren des dort vorhandenen Gases vorgesehen sind. In diesem Fall befinden sich in der dem Brennerkatalysator zugeordneten zweiten Gemischbildungszone weniger Sauerstoffanteile und eine unter Umständen nachteilige Hotspot-Bildung in dem Katalysator kann vermieden werden. Außerdem kann der hohe Wasseranteil, der sich bei der Oxidation des Wasserstoffes bildet, vorteilhaft für die eventuell notwendige Verdampfung des Brennstoffes sein (zum Beispiel bei der Verwendung von flüssigen Brennstoffen wie Diesel oder Benzin) .The fuel cell system according to the invention can advantageously be further developed by providing means for reacting the gas present there between the means for supplying anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or reformate and / or exhaust gas of an afterburner connected downstream of the fuel cell and the reforming catalyst. In this case are located in the combustion mixture of the associated second mixture forming zone less oxygen and a possibly adverse hotspot formation in the catalyst can be avoided. In addition, the high proportion of water that forms during the oxidation of the hydrogen can be advantageous for the possibly necessary evaporation of the fuel (for example, when using liquid fuels such as diesel or gasoline).
Im vorstehend erläuterten Zusammenhang wird bevorzugt, dass die Mittel zum Abreagieren des Gases einen Brenner umfassen, insbesondere einen katalytischen Brenner. Bei einem derartigen Brenner kann es sich, ebenso wie bei dem Reformerbrenner, um einen Porenbrenner handeln.In the context described above, it is preferred that the means for venting the gas comprise a burner, in particular a catalytic burner. Such a burner, like the reformer burner, may be a pore burner.
Für das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffzellensystem wird es weiterhin bevorzugt, dass zumindest zwei der Komponenten, Reformerbrenner, Reformerkatalysator und Mittel zum Zuführen von Anodenabgas der Brennstoffzelle und/oder von Refor- mat und/oder von Abgas eines der Brennstoffzelle nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners, thermisch gekoppelt sind. Insbesondere eine thermische Kopplung der im Reformer verbauten Komponenten Reformerbrenner, Injektor (eventuell mit weiterem Brenner) und Reformerkatalysator, ermöglicht es, das Temperaturprofil im Reformerkatalysator beziehungsweise im gesamten Reformer zu beeinflussen, was sich wiederum vorteilhaft auf den Reformierungsprozess auswirken kann.For the fuel cell system according to the invention, it is further preferred that at least two of the components, reformer burner, reformer catalyst and means for supplying anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or of Reform- mat and / or exhaust gas downstream of the fuel cell afterburner, are thermally coupled. In particular, a thermal coupling of the components installed in the reformer reformer burner, injector (possibly with additional burner) and reformer catalyst, makes it possible to influence the temperature profile in the reforming catalyst or in the entire reformer, which in turn can advantageously affect the reforming process.
Eine ebenfalls bevorzugte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemä- ßen Brennstoffzellensystems sieht vor, dass Mittel zum Temperieren von aus dem Reformerkatalysator austretendem Re- format vorgesehen sind. Damit ist es möglich, das Reformat, das aus dem Reformerkatalysator austritt, auf die richtige Temperatur für die nächsten Prozessschritte zu bringen. Je - -A likewise preferred development of the fuel cell system according to the invention provides that means are provided for controlling the temperature of reformate emerging from the reformer catalyst. This makes it possible to bring the reformate, which emerges from the reforming catalyst, to the correct temperature for the next process steps. ever - -
nach Anwendungsfall ist es dabei möglich, das Reformat durch geschickte Gasführung aufzuheizen oder abzukühlen, bevor es der Brennstoffzelle zugeführt wird.according to the application, it is possible to heat or cool the reformate by skillful gas flow, before it is supplied to the fuel cell.
Im vorstehend erläuterten Zusammenhang kann beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, dass die Mittel zum Temperieren von aus dem Reformerkatalysator austretendem Reformat einen Wärmetauscher umfassen, der von dem Reformer erzeugte Abwärme auf aus dem Reformerkatalysator austretendes Reformat über- trägt. Ein derartiger Wärmetauscher kann, ohne darauf beschränkt zu sein, beispielsweise durch Reformatleitung- sabschnitte gebildet werden, die (unmittelbar) benachbart zu einem dem Reformer zugeordneten Brenner angeordnet sind.In the context described above, it can be provided, for example, that the means for tempering reformate emerging from the reformer catalyst comprise a heat exchanger which transfers waste heat generated by the reformer to reformate emerging from the reformer catalyst. Such a heat exchanger may, but is not limited to, be formed, for example, by reformate line sections that are (immediately) adjacent to a burner associated with the reformer.
Bei bevorzugten Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellensystems ist vorgesehen, dass Mittel zur Durchführung einer Lambda-Regelung des Reformers vorgesehen sind. Die Lambda-Regelung kann dabei, wie üblich, über eine Variation der Brennstoffmengen beziehungsweise der Verbren- nungsluftmengen durchgeführt werden. Die Mittel zur Durchführung der Lambda-Regelung können insbesondere mikroprozessorgestützt arbeiten und zumindest eine Lambda-Sonde umfassen.In preferred embodiments of the fuel cell system according to the invention it is provided that means for carrying out a lambda control of the reformer are provided. The lambda control can be carried out, as usual, via a variation of the fuel quantities or the amounts of combustion air. The means for carrying out the lambda control can operate in particular microprocessor-based and comprise at least one lambda probe.
Für das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffzellensystem wird es weiterhin als vorteilhaft erachtet, dass die Mittel zum Zuführen von Anodenabgas der Brennstoffzelle und/oder von Reformat und/oder von Abgas eines der Brennstoffzelle nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners geeignet sind, die Zuführung do- siert vorzunehmen. Wenn beispielsweise Anodenabgas über einen Injektor zugeführt wird, der variabel arbeitet, das heißt, dessen zurückgeführte Gasmenge einstellbar ist, kann das C/O-Verhältnis im Reformer in der gewünschten Weise be- einflusst werden. - -It is furthermore considered advantageous for the fuel cell system according to the invention that the means for supplying anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or reformate and / or exhaust gas of an afterburner connected downstream of the fuel cell are suitable for metering the supply. If, for example, anode exhaust gas is supplied via an injector which operates variably, that is, whose recirculated gas quantity is adjustable, the C / O ratio in the reformer can be influenced in the desired manner. - -
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Reformers baut auf dem gattungsgemäßen Stand der Technik dadurch auf, dass einem Bereich zwischen einem Reformerbrenner und einem Reformerkatalysator Anodenabgas einer Brennstoffzelle und/oder Reformat und/oder Abgas eines einer Brennstoffzelle nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners zugeführt wird. Dadurch ergeben sich die im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellensystem erläuterten Eigenschaften und Vor- teile in gleicher oder ähnlicher Weise, weshalb zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die entsprechenden Ausführungen im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellensystem verwiesen wird.The inventive method for operating a reformer is based on the generic state of the art in that an area between a reformer burner and a reforming catalyst anode exhaust gas of a fuel cell and / or reformate and / or exhaust gas of a fuel cell downstream afterburner is supplied. As a result, the properties and advantages explained in connection with the fuel cell system according to the invention result in the same or a similar manner, so that reference is made to avoiding repetitions to the corresponding statements in connection with the fuel cell system according to the invention.
Gleiches gilt sinngemäß für die folgenden bevorzugten Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, wobei zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auch diesbezüglich auf die entsprechenden Ausführungen im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellensystem verwiesen wird.The same applies mutatis mutandis to the following preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, wherein reference is made to avoid repetition in this regard to the corresponding statements in connection with the fuel cell system according to the invention.
Vorzugsweise ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorgesehen, dass dem Bereich das Anodenabgas der Brennstoffzelle und/oder das Reformat und/oder das Abgas eines der Brennstoffzelle nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners über zumindest ei- nen Injektor zugeführt wird.In the case of the method according to the invention, it is preferably provided that the region is supplied with the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or the reformate and / or the exhaust gas of an afterburner connected downstream of the fuel cell via at least one injector.
Im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird es weiterhin als vorteilhaft erachtet, dass das nach der Zuführung des Anodenabgases der Brennstoffzelle und/oder des Reformats und/oder des Abgases eines der Brennstoffzelle nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners vorliegende Gas zumindest teilweise abreagiert wird. - -In connection with the method according to the invention, it is furthermore considered advantageous that the gas present after the supply of the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or the reformate and / or the exhaust gas of an afterburner downstream of the fuel cell is at least partially reacted. - -
In diesem Zusammenhang sieht eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung vor, dass das nach der Zuführung des Anodenabgases der Brennstoffzelle und/oder des Reformats und/oder des Abgases eines der Brennstoffzelle nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners vorliegende Gas in einem Brenner abreagiert wird, insbesondere in einem katalytischen Brenner.In this connection, an advantageous development provides that the gas present after the supply of the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or of the exhaust gas of an afterburner downstream of the fuel cell is reacted in a burner, in particular in a catalytic burner.
Zumindest bei bestimmten Ausführungsformen des erfindungs- gemäßen Verfahrens kann vorgesehen sein, dass aus dem Re- formerkatalysator austretendes Reformat temperiert wird.At least in certain embodiments of the method according to the invention, provision can be made for tempering reformate emerging from the reformer catalyst.
Dabei ist es beispielsweise möglich, dass aus dem Reformerkatalysator austretendes Reformat durch einen Wärmetauscher temperiert wird, der von dem Reformer erzeugte Abwärme auf aus dem Reformerkatalysator austretendes Reformat überträgt .In this case, it is possible, for example, for the reformate leaving the reformer catalyst to be heated by a heat exchanger which transfers waste heat generated by the reformer to reformate emerging from the reformer catalyst.
Als besonders vorteilhaft für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird es erachtet, dass eine Lambda-Regelung des Refor- mers durchgeführt wird.It is considered particularly advantageous for the method according to the invention that a lambda control of the reformer is carried out.
Vorzugsweise ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren weiterhin vorgesehen, dass das Anodenabgas der Brennstoffzelle und/oder das Reformat und/oder das Abgas eines der Brenn- stoffzelle nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners dem Bereich dosiert zugeführt wird.Preferably, it is further provided in the method according to the invention that the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell and / or the reformate and / or the exhaust gas of an afterburner connected downstream of the fuel cell is metered into the region.
Ein wesentlicher Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, eine unerwünschte Flammenausbildung und/oder eine uner- wünschte Rußbildung in einem Reformer dadurch zu vermeiden, dass insbesondere zurückgeführtes Anodenabgas nicht vor dem Reformer eingespeist wird, sondern zwischen einem Reformerbrenner und einem Reformerkatalysator. - -An essential basic idea of the invention is to avoid unwanted formation of flames and / or unwanted formation of soot in a reformer in that in particular recirculated anode exhaust gas is not fed before the reformer, but between a reformer burner and a reforming catalyst. - -
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachfolgen anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnungen beispielhaft näher erläutert.Advantageous embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Figur 1 eine eingangs bereits erläuterte schematischeFIG. 1 shows a schematic already explained at the beginning
Darstellung eines Brennstoffzellensystems gemäß dem Stand der Technik; undRepresentation of a fuel cell system according to the prior art; and
Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungs- form des erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellensystems, das auch zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet ist.Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the invention, which is also suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
Die in Figur 2 dargestellte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellensystems umfasst einen Reformer 10 zum Umsetzen von Brennstoff 12 und Oxidationsmittel 14 zu Reformat 16. Dabei wird der Brennstoff 12, beispielsweise Benzin oder Diesel, dem Reformer 10 durch eine Brennstoff- pumpe 44 zugeführt. Als Oxidationsmittel dient im vorliegenden Fall Luft 14, die dem Reformer 10 durch ein Reformergebläse 46 zugeführt wird. Ein Teil des von dem Reformer 10 erzeugten Reformats 16 wird einer Brennstoffzelle 18 be- ziehungsweise einem Brennstoffzellenstack zugeführt, wobei das der Brennstoffzelle 18 zugeführte wasserstoffhaltige gasförmige Reformat in der Brennstoffzelle 18 mit Hilfe von durch ein Brennstoffgebläse 50 zugeführter Kathodenluft zu Strom und Wärme umgesetzt wird. Im vorliegenden Fall wird das durch die Umsetzung in der Brennstoffzelle 18 abgerei- cherte Reformat einem Nachbrenner 30, beispielsweise einem Porenbrenner, zugeführt, dem ein Nachbrennergebläse 52 zugeordnet ist. Der Reformer 10 umfasst einen Reformerbrenner 20, dem der Brennstoff 12 und das Oxidationsmittel 14 zugeführt wird. Weiterhin umfasst der Reformer 10 einen Brennerkatalysator 22, dem eine Brennstoffpumpe 48 zugeordnet ist. Zwischen dem Reformerbrenner 20 und dem Reformerkatalysator 22 sind Mittel 24 vorgesehen, durch die dem aus dem Reformerbrenner 20 austretenden Rauchgas Anodenabgas 26 zugeführt werden kann. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, dass diesem Rauchgas Reformat 16 und/oder Abgas 28 des Nachbren- ners 30 zugeführt wird, wie dies durch die gestrichelten Linien angedeutet ist. Die Mittel 24 sind im vorliegenden Fall durch einen Injektor 32 gebildet, der nach dem Ventu- ri -Prinzip arbeitet. Vorzugsweise ist der Injektor 32 dazu in der Lage, die zugeführte Menge von Anodenabgas 26 und/oder Reformat 16 und/oder Nachbrennerabgas 28 zu variieren. Insbesondere wenn über den Injektor 32 verschiedene Gase zugesetzt werden, kann es vorteilhaft sein, eine oder mehrere (nicht dargestellte) Ventileinrichtungen oder Gebläse vorzusehen, über die die jeweils zugeführte Gasmenge eingestellt werden kann. Beispielsweise ist es möglich das C/O-Verhältnis in dem Reformer 110 zu beeinflussen, indem die Menge des zugeführten Anodenabgases variiert wird. Obwohl dies nicht zwingend erforderlich ist, ist bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform zwischen dem Injektor 32 und dem Reformerkatalysator 22 ein weiterer Brenner 34, beispielsweise ein katalytischer Porenbrenner, vorgesehen, um das dem weiteren Brenner 34 zugeführte Gas abzureagieren. Dadurch befindet sich in der Gemischbildungszone des Reformerkatalysators 22 ein geringerer Sauerstoffanteil, und dies trägt dazu bei, dass eine Hotspot-Bildung im Reformerkatalysator vermieden wird. Außerdem kann der hohe Wasseranteil, der sich bei der Oxidation des Wasserstoffs bildet, vorteilhaft für die eventuell notwendige Verdampfung des - -The illustrated in Figure 2 embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the invention comprises a reformer 10 for converting fuel 12 and oxidant 14 to reformate 16. In this case, the fuel 12, for example, gasoline or diesel, the reformer 10 by a fuel pump 44 is supplied. As the oxidizing agent is used in the present case, air 14, which is supplied to the reformer 10 through a reforming fan 46. Part of the reformate 16 generated by the reformer 10 is supplied to a fuel cell 18 or a fuel cell stack, wherein the hydrogen-containing gaseous reformate supplied to the fuel cell 18 in the fuel cell 18 is converted into electricity and heat by means of cathode air supplied by a fuel blower 50. In the present case, the reformate removed by the reaction in the fuel cell 18 is supplied to an afterburner 30, for example a pore burner, to which an afterburner fan 52 is assigned. The reformer 10 includes a reformer burner 20 to which the fuel 12 and the oxidizer 14 are supplied. Furthermore, the reformer 10 comprises a burner catalyst 22, to which a fuel pump 48 is assigned. Between the reformer burner 20 and the reforming catalyst 22 means 24 are provided, through which the exhaust gas emerging from the reformer burner 20 anode gas 26 can be supplied. Additionally or alternatively, it may be provided that reformate 16 and / or exhaust gas 28 of the afterburner 30 is supplied to this flue gas, as indicated by the dashed lines. The means 24 are formed in the present case by an injector 32, which operates on the Venturi principle. Preferably, the injector 32 is capable of varying the amount of anode 26 and / or reformate 16 and / or afterburner exhaust 28 supplied. In particular, if 32 different gases are added via the injector, it may be advantageous to provide one or more (not shown) valve devices or blowers over which the respectively supplied amount of gas can be adjusted. For example, it is possible to influence the C / O ratio in the reformer 110 by varying the amount of the supplied anode off-gas. Although not absolutely necessary, in the illustrated embodiment, between the injector 32 and the reforming catalyst 22, another burner 34, such as a catalytic pore burner, is provided to vent the gas supplied to the further burner 34. As a result, there is a lower oxygen content in the mixture-forming zone of the reforming catalyst 22, and this contributes to avoiding hotspot formation in the reforming catalyst. In addition, the high water content that forms in the oxidation of hydrogen, advantageous for the eventual evaporation of the - -
Brennstoffs sein (zum Beispiel bei der Verwendung von flüssigen Brennstoffen) .Fuel (for example, when using liquid fuels).
Eine weitere optionale Besonderheit des in Figur 2 darge- stellten Brennstoffzellensystems besteht darin, dass das aus dem Reformerkatalysator 22 austretende Reformat 16 zunächst temperiert wird. Zu diesem Zweck sind Mittel 36 in Form von Leitungen und einem Wärmetauscher 38 vorgesehen, wobei der Wärmetauscher 38 Abwärme des Reformerbrenners 20 auf das Reformat 16 überträgt, um dieses zu erwärmen, damit es eine für die nachfolgenden Prozessschritte optimale Temperatur aufweist. Falls das aus dem Reformerkatalysator 22 austretende Reformat eine für die nachfolgenden Prozessschritte zu hohe Temperatur aufweist, ist es möglich, dass aus dem Reformerkatalysator 22 austretende Reformat 16 durch geschickte Leitungsführung zu kühlen. In einem derartigen Fall könnte der Wärmetauscher 38 beispielsweise durch einen (nicht dargestellten) Bypass umgangen werden.Another optional feature of the fuel cell system shown in FIG. 2 is that the reformate 16 emerging from the reformer catalyst 22 is first heated. For this purpose, means 36 are provided in the form of lines and a heat exchanger 38, wherein the heat exchanger 38 transfers waste heat of the reformer burner 20 to the reformate 16 to heat it, so that it has an optimal temperature for the subsequent process steps. If the reformate emerging from the reforming catalyst 22 has a temperature which is too high for the subsequent process steps, it is possible to cool the reformate 16 emerging from the reforming catalyst 22 by clever routing. In such a case, the heat exchanger 38 could for example be bypassed by a bypass (not shown).
Weiterhin sind im dargestellten Fall Mittel 40 in Form eines Controllers vorgesehen, die dazu in der Lage sind, eine Lambda-Regelung des Reformers 10 durchzuführen. Eine Lamb- da-Regelung des Reformers ist über eine Variation der zugeführten Kraftstoff- beziehungsweise Luftmengen möglich, wo- bei der aktuelle Lambda-Wert vorzugsweise über eine (nicht dargestellte) Lambda-Sonde erfasst und bei der Regelung berücksichtigt wird. Eine Lambda-Regelung ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, um eine unerwünschte Flammenausbildung im Bereich des Injektors 32 von vornherein zu vermeiden oder ge- gebenenfalls zu beenden, falls dies erforderlich werden sollte .Furthermore, in the illustrated case, means 40 in the form of a controller are provided, which are capable of carrying out a lambda control of the reformer 10. A lambda control of the reformer is possible via a variation of the supplied fuel or air quantities, wherein the actual lambda value is preferably detected via a lambda probe (not shown) and taken into account in the control. A lambda control is particularly advantageous in order to prevent undesired flame formation in the region of the injector 32 from the outset, or to stop it if necessary, if necessary.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Reformers kann mit dem Brennstoffzellensystem von Figur 2 wie - -The inventive method for operating a reformer can with the fuel cell system of Figure 2 as - -
folgt durchgeführt werden: Der Reformer 10 ist zum Umsetzen von Brennstoff 12 und Oxidationsmittel 14 zu Reformat 16 vorgesehen. Dabei weist der Reformer 10 einen Reformerbrenner 20 und einen Reformerkatalysator 22 auf. Einem Bereich 42 zwischen dem Reformerbrenner 20 und dem Reformerkataly- sator 22 wird Anodenabgas 26 einer Brennstoffzelle 18 und/oder Reformat 16 und/oder Abgas 28 eines der Brennstoffzelle 18 nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners 30 zugeführt. Die Zuführung des Gases erfolgt dabei über einen Injektor 32. Das aus dem Injektor 32 austretende Gasgemisch wird durch den weiteren Brenner 22 abreagiert. Eine Temperierung des aus dem Reformerkatalysator 22 austretenden Reformats 16 erfolgt durch den Wärmetauscher 38, der von dem Reformerbrenner 20 erzeugte Abwärme auf das Reformat 16 über- trägt. Die Lambda-Regelung des Reformers 10 wird durch die Mittel 40 in Form eines Controllers durchgeführt. Weiterhin ist der Injektor 32 dazu ausgelegt, die über ihn zugeführte Gasmenge zu variieren; gegebenenfalls können zu diesem Zweck weitere (nicht dargestellte) Ventileinrichtungen oder Gebläse und dergleichen vorgesehen sein.The reformer 10 is provided for reacting fuel 12 and oxidizer 14 to reformate 16. In this case, the reformer 10 has a reformer burner 20 and a reforming catalyst 22. Anode exhaust gas 26 of a fuel cell 18 and / or reformate 16 and / or exhaust gas 28 of an afterburner 30 connected downstream of the fuel cell 18 is fed to a region 42 between the reformer burner 20 and the reformer catalytic converter 22. The supply of the gas takes place via an injector 32. The gas mixture leaving the injector 32 is consumed by the further burner 22. A tempering of the reformate 16 emerging from the reforming catalyst 22 takes place through the heat exchanger 38, which transfers waste heat generated by the reformer burner 20 to the reformate 16. The lambda control of the reformer 10 is performed by the means 40 in the form of a controller. Furthermore, the injector 32 is designed to vary the amount of gas supplied via it; If appropriate, further valve devices or blowers and the like (not shown) may be provided for this purpose.
Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung, in den Zeichnungen sowie in den Ansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung wesentlich sein. The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential to the realization of the invention both individually and in any combination.
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BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 Reformer 12 Brennstoff10 reformer 12 fuel
14 Oxidationsmittel14 oxidizing agents
16 Reformat16 Reformat
18 Brennstoffzelle18 fuel cell
20 Reformerbrenner 22 Reformerkatalysator20 reformer burner 22 reformer catalyst
24 Mittel zum Zuführen von Gas24 means for supplying gas
26 Anodenabgas26 anode exhaust gas
28 Abgas28 exhaust
30 Nachbrenner 32 Injektor30 afterburner 32 injector
34 weiterer Brenner34 more burners
36 Mittel zum Temperieren des Reformats36 means for tempering the reformate
38 Wärmetauscher 40 Controller 42 Bereich38 heat exchanger 40 controller 42 range
44 Brennstoffpumpe44 fuel pump
46 Reformergebläse46 Reformer fan
48 Brennstoffpumpe48 fuel pump
50 Brennstoffzellengebläse 52 Nachbrennergebläse50 fuel cell blower 52 afterburner blower
110 Reformer110 reformers
112 Brennstoff112 fuel
114 Oxidationsmittel114 oxidizing agent
116 Reformat 118 Brennstoffzelle116 reformate 118 fuel cell
124 Injektor124 injector
126 Anodenabgas126 anode exhaust gas
130 Nachbrenner 144 Brennstoffpumpe 146 Gebläse130 Afterburner 144 Fuel pump 146 blowers
150 Brennstoffzellengebläse150 fuel cell blower
152 Nachbrennergebläse 152 afterburner fan

Claims

ANSPRUCHE
1. BrennstoffZeilensystem mit einem Reformer (10) zum Umsetzen von Brennstoff (12) und Oxidationsmittel (14) zu Re- format (16) , und mit zumindest einer Brennstoffzelle (18) , der Reformat (16) zugeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reformer (10) einen Reformerbrenner (20) und einen Reformerkatalysator (22) aufweist und dass zwischen dem Reformerbrenner (20) und dem Reformerkatalysator (22) Mittel (24) zum Zuführen von Anodenabgas (26) der Brennstoffzelle (18) und/oder von Reformat (16) und/oder von Abgas (28) eines der Brennstoffzelle (18) nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners (30) vorgesehen sind.A fuel cell system comprising a reformer (10) for converting fuel (12) and oxidant (14) to reformate (16), and having at least one fuel cell (18) supplied to reformate (16), characterized in that the reformer (10) comprises a reformer burner (20) and a reforming catalyst (22), and means (24) for supplying anode exhaust gas (26) to the fuel cell (18) and / or between the reformer burner (20) and the reforming catalyst (22) of reformate (16) and / or exhaust gas (28) of the fuel cell (18) downstream afterburner (30) are provided.
2. Brennstoffzellensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (24) zum Zuführen von Anodenabgas (26) der Brennstoffzelle (18) und/oder von Reformat (16) und/oder von Abgas (28) eines der Brennstoffzelle (18) nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners (30) zumindest einen Injektor (32) umfassen.2. Fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (24) for supplying anode exhaust gas (26) of the fuel cell (18) and / or reformate (16) and / or exhaust gas (28) of the fuel cell (18) downstream afterburner (30) comprise at least one injector (32).
3. Brennstoffzellensystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den Mitteln (24) zum Zuführen von Anodenabgas (26) der Brennstoffzelle (18) und/oder von Reformat (16) und/oder von Abgas (28) eines der Brennstoffzelle (18) nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners (30) und dem Reformerkatalysator (22) Mittel (34) zum Abreagieren des dort vorhandenen Gases vorgesehen sind.3. Fuel cell system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the means (24) for supplying anode exhaust gas (26) of the fuel cell (18) and / or reformate (16) and / or exhaust (28) of the fuel cell (18) downstream afterburner (30) and the reforming catalyst (22) means (34) are provided for reacting the gas present there.
4. Brennstoffzellensystem nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (34) zum Abreagieren des Ga- ses einen Brenner (34) umfassen, insbesondere einen kataly- tischen Brenner (34) .4. Fuel cell system according to claim 3, characterized in that the means (34) for reacting the gas These include a burner (34), in particular a catalytic burner (34).
5. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest zwei der5. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two of
Komponenten, Reformerbrenner (18) , Reformerkatalysator (20) und Mittel (24) zum Zuführen von Anodenabgas (26) der Brennstoffzelle (18) und/oder von Reformat (16). und/oder von Abgas (28) eines der Brennstoffzelle (18) nachgeschal- teten Nachbrenners (30), thermisch gekoppelt sind.Components, reformer burner (18), reformer catalyst (20) and means (24) for supplying anode exhaust gas (26) of the fuel cell (18) and / or reformate (16) . and / or exhaust gas (28) of an afterburner (30) connected downstream of the fuel cell (18) are thermally coupled.
6. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel (36) zum Temperieren von aus dem Reformerkatalysator (22) austreten- dem Reformat (16) vorgesehen sind.6. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means (36) for tempering from the reforming catalyst (22) leaking the reformate (16) are provided.
7. Brennstoffzellensystem nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (36) zum Temperieren von aus dem Reformerkatalysator (20) austretendem Reformat (16) ei- nen Wärmetauscher (38) umfassen, der von dem Reformer (10) erzeugte Abwärme auf aus dem Reformerkatalysator (22) austretendes Reformat (16) überträgt.7. Fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterized in that the means (36) for tempering of the reformer catalyst (20) exiting reformate (16) NEN heat exchanger (38), the waste heat generated by the reformer (10) off the reforming catalyst (22) exiting reformate (16) transmits.
8. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel (40) zur8. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that means (40) for
Durchführung einer Larabda-Regelung des Reformers (10) vorgesehen sind.Implementation of a Larabda scheme of the reformer (10) are provided.
9. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (24) zum9. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (24) for
Zuführen von Anodenabgas (26) der Brennstoffzelle (18) und/oder von Reformat (16) und/oder von Abgas (28) eines der Brennstoffzelle (18) nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners (30) geeignet sind, die Zuführung dosiert vorzunehmen. Feeding anode exhaust gas (26) of the fuel cell (18) and / or reformate (16) and / or exhaust (28) of the fuel cell (18) downstream afterburner (30) are adapted to make the supply metered.
10. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Reformers (10) zum Umsetzen von Brennstoff (12) und Oxidationsmittel (14) zu Reformat (16), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einem Bereich (42) zwischen einem Reformerbrenner (20) und einem Reformerkatalysator (22) Anodenabgas (26) einer Brennstoffzelle (18) und/oder Reformat (16) und/oder Abgas (28) eines einer Brennstoffzelle (18) nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners (30) zugeführt wird.10. A method for operating a reformer (10) for converting fuel (12) and oxidant (14) to reformate (16), characterized in that a region (42) between a reformer burner (20) and a reforming catalyst (22) anode exhaust gas (26) a fuel cell (18) and / or reformate (16) and / or exhaust gas (28) of a fuel cell (18) downstream afterburner (30) is supplied.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch, gekennzeichnet, dass dem Bereich (42) das Anodenabgas (26) der Brennstoffzelle (18) und/oder das Reformat (16) und/oder das Abgas (28) eines der Brennstoffzelle (18) nachgeschalteten Nach- brenners (30) über zumindest einen Injektor (32) zugeführt wird.11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the region (42) downstream of the anode exhaust gas (26) of the fuel cell (18) and / or the reformate (16) and / or the exhaust gas (28) of the fuel cell (18) Sub-burner (30) via at least one injector (32) is supplied.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das nach der Zuführung des Anodenabgases (26) der Brennstoffzelle (18) und/oder des Reformats (16) und/oder des Abgases (28) eines der Brennstoffzelle (18) nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners (30) vorliegende Gas zumindest teilweise abreagiert wird.12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that after the supply of the anode exhaust gas (26) of the fuel cell (18) and / or the reformate (16) and / or the exhaust gas (28) of the fuel cell (18) connected downstream Afterburner (30) existing gas is at least partially reacted.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das nach der Zuführung des Anodenabgases (26) der Brennstoffzelle (18) und/oder des Reformats (16) und/oder des Abgases (28) eines der Brennstoffzelle (18) nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners (30) vorliegende Gas in einem Bren- ner (34) abreagiert wird, insbesondere in einem katalyti- schen Brenner (34) . 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that after the supply of the anode exhaust gas (26) of the fuel cell (18) and / or the reformate (16) and / or the exhaust gas (28) of the fuel cell (18) downstream afterburner ( 30) is reacted in a burner (34), in particular in a catalytic burner (34).
14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus dem Reformerkatalysator (22) austretendes Reformat (16) temperiert wird.14. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that from the reforming catalyst (22) exiting reformate (16) is tempered.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus dem Reformerkatalysator (20) austretendes Reformat (16) durch einen Wärmetauscher (38) temperiert wird, der von dem Reformer (10) erzeugte Abwärme auf aus dem Reformerkatalysator (22) austretendes Reformat (16) überträgt.15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that from the reformer catalyst (20) exiting reformate (16) by a heat exchanger (38) is heated, the waste heat generated by the reformer (10) from the reformer catalyst (22) emerging reformate (16) 16) transmits.
16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Lambda-Regelung des Reformers (10) durchgeführt wird.16. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that a lambda control of the reformer (10) is performed.
17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Anodenabgas (26) der Brennstoffzelle (18) und/oder das Reformat (16) und/oder das Abgas (28) eines der Brennstoffzelle (18) nachgeschalteten Nachbrenners (30) dem Bereich (42) dosiert zugeführt wird. 17. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the anode exhaust gas (26) of the fuel cell (18) and / or the reformate (16) and / or the exhaust gas (28) of the fuel cell (18) downstream afterburner ( 30) is metered into the region (42).
EP06775857A 2005-08-16 2006-08-14 Fuel cell system and method for the operation of a reformer Withdrawn EP1938411A2 (en)

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DE102005038733A DE102005038733A1 (en) 2005-08-16 2005-08-16 Fuel cell system and method of operating a reformer
PCT/DE2006/001428 WO2007019837A2 (en) 2005-08-16 2006-08-14 Fuel cell system and method for the operation of a reformer

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KR20080038229A (en) 2008-05-02
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CN101292386A (en) 2008-10-22
US20090263682A1 (en) 2009-10-22
CN101292386B (en) 2010-05-19
WO2007019837A2 (en) 2007-02-22
KR100999878B1 (en) 2010-12-13
EA200800596A1 (en) 2008-08-29
AU2006281775B2 (en) 2010-03-04
EA013477B1 (en) 2010-04-30
JP2009504558A (en) 2009-02-05
DE102005038733A1 (en) 2007-02-22

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