EP0528186A1 - Cigarette à filtre coaxiale - Google Patents

Cigarette à filtre coaxiale Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0528186A1
EP0528186A1 EP92112342A EP92112342A EP0528186A1 EP 0528186 A1 EP0528186 A1 EP 0528186A1 EP 92112342 A EP92112342 A EP 92112342A EP 92112342 A EP92112342 A EP 92112342A EP 0528186 A1 EP0528186 A1 EP 0528186A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inner core
filter
coaxial
cigarette according
filter cigarette
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92112342A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0528186B1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Dr. Schneider
Bernd-Henrik Dr. Müller
Gert Dr. Rudolph
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British American Tobacco Germany GmbH, BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH filed Critical British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
Publication of EP0528186A1 publication Critical patent/EP0528186A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0528186B1 publication Critical patent/EP0528186B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coaxial filter cigarette of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • coaxial smokable articles in particular coaxial cigars or cigarettes with an inner core which is surrounded by a jacket made of tobacco material.
  • the basic principle of such a coaxial cigarette is known for example from FR-PS 998 556, the inner core consisting of a tobacco of lower quality, which is surrounded by an annular jacket made of tobacco of high quality. This allows savings to be made in terms of the cost of the tobacco materials used.
  • a coaxial filter cigarette of the type specified is known from DE-PS 37 43 597 and has a strand part and a filter part; the strand part contains an inner core made of a largely residue-free smoldering material, in particular tobacco material, a covering for the inner core, an outer casing made of a tobacco and / or non-tobacco material coaxially surrounding the inner core or its covering, as well as a covering for the outer casing.
  • a coaxial filter cigarette of the type specified is known from DE-PS 37 43 597 and has a strand part and a filter part; the strand part contains an inner core made of a largely residue-free smoldering material, in particular tobacco material, a covering for the inner core, an outer casing made of a tobacco and / or non-tobacco material coaxially surrounding the inner core or its covering, as well as a covering for the outer casing.
  • the filter part has a filter core, an air-impermeable covering for the filter core, a filter jacket and a covering for the filter jacket.
  • the basic principle of this coaxial filter cigarette is that two areas are distinguished in the radial direction, namely the zone of the main heat source on the one hand and the zone in which the major part of the aerosol entering the smoker's mouth is generated.
  • the heat generation zone is in the outer jacket and the aerosol generation zone is in the inner core of the strand part.
  • Another generic coaxial filter cigarette is known from DE-PS 39 01 226.
  • This also has a strand part and a filter part, the strand part comprising an inner core made of a largely residue-free glowing material, an essentially air-impermeable sheathing, an outer sheath coaxially surrounding the inner core or its sheathing and a sheath for the outer sheath.
  • the filter part is designed as a coaxial filter with a filter core surrounded by an air-impermeable covering and a filter jacket.
  • the zone which is only required as a heat source and the zone in which the major part of the aerosol entering the smoker's mouth is generated are spatially separated. This essentially has the effect that the smoke entering the smoker's mouth has a high proportion of taste-relevant components and a very low proportion of undesirable ones Combustion products. Since the heat-generating zone is arranged in the inner core of the strand part, the combustion products are shielded by the outer shell of the strand part and are therefore largely emitted via the main smoke, which can be used as one of several requirements for reducing the secondary smoke.
  • the mixture in the strand part generally delivers such large amounts of smoke that the coaxial filter element alone is not sufficient for filtering, diffusion and ventilation elements, optionally with further intermediate elements and outer channels, are additionally arranged between the filter element and the strand part.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a coaxial filter cigarette of the type specified, in which the above disadvantages do not occur; in particular, a significant reduction in secondary smoke is made possible.
  • the advantages achieved with the invention are based on the fact that a larger proportion of the smoke produced is conducted into the main smoke than in the known coaxial versions and than in normal lines. A large proportion of the smoke that usually comes into the secondary smoke after it is produced is therefore also diverted into the main smoke when using conventional cigarette paper, with the increased main smoke fraction then being filtered through a correspondingly more effective filter.
  • zone of main heat generation in the inner core or in the outer jacket, and accordingly the zone of aerosol generation in the outer jacket or inner core are arranged, in contrast to the known measures, a smoke redistribution from secondary smoke into the main smoke solely through the characteristics of the special coaxial strand type guaranteed.
  • Special cigarette papers, in particular cigarette papers with very low air permeability and with additives for reducing secondary smoke can be dispensed with, which also avoids the consequent increase in the carbon monoxide content in the main smoke.
  • peripheral tobacco when choosing peripheral tobacco, one can now concentrate on minimizing precursors for irritating smoke substances.
  • the coaxial filter cigarette shown in FIG. 1, generally indicated by the reference numeral 10, has a strand part 12, to which a coaxial filter part 13 is attached with the usual manufacturing techniques.
  • the strand part 12 contains an inner core 14 with a covering 16 and an outer jacket 18 with a covering 20.
  • the filter part 13 has a coaxial filter element 15 comprising a filter core 22 with a covering 24 and a filter jacket 26 with a covering 28.
  • the coaxial filter element 15 can be ventilated.
  • the ventilation means is indicated as a line of punctiform ventilation openings 30, which also extend through the circumference of the coaxial filter element through the covering paper, not shown.
  • the coaxial strand part is used to generate smoke and has a length of 25 to 85 mm and a diameter of 7 to 9 mm, i.e. the usual dimensions of conventional cigarettes.
  • the inner core 14 of the strand part has a diameter of 40 to 80%, preferably 60 to 70% of the outer diameter of the cigarette.
  • the material of the inner core 14 is designed with a packing density of 190 to 250 mg / cm3, preferably 210 to 230 mg / cm3. Additives for controlling the combustion are added to the material of the inner core 14 if necessary.
  • the material of the inner core is such that the tensile resistance per unit length, based on the packing density, is 0.09 to 0.15, preferably 0.1 to 0.12 (mm Ws) cm2 / mg.
  • the sheath 16 of the inner core of the strand part 12 consists of paper, a film of tobacco material or another suitable material. Its air permeability is below 30 ISO units, preferably below 10 ISO units.
  • the outer jacket 18 coaxially surrounds the inner core or its sheath 16.
  • the material of the outer jacket 18 is designed with a packing density of 140 to 200 mg / cm3, preferably 150 to 180 mg / cm3.
  • the ratio of tensile resistance per unit length to packing density is 0.035 to 0.08, preferably 0.04 to 0.05 (mm Ws) cm2 / mg.
  • the envelope 20 of the outer casing 18 of the strand part 12 has an air permeability of less than 40 ISO units, preferably 15 to 25 ISO units; it consists of a cigarette paper, which can be a standard paper. Special papers can also be used to reduce secondary smoke.
  • the casing 20 of the outer casing 18 optionally contains additives for controlling the combustion.
  • the outer casing 20 of the outer casing 18 of the strand part 12 can be provided with segment perforations for controlling the temperature gradient in the outer casing 18; the use and / or the design of these segment perforations depends on the other materials used.
  • the coaxial filter 15 consists of a filter core 22 with an envelope 24 and a filter jacket 26 with an envelope 28.
  • the inner core 14 is filled with so-called fillers, that is to say with filling tobacco, generally of poor quality, and / or ribs. Tobacco foils are also suitable.
  • the wrapping 16 of the inner core 14 is a paper or tobacco film with the air permeability described.
  • the outer casing 18 consists of aromatic tobacco, which essentially are responsible for the production of the flavor relevant aerosol. Otherwise, the design features stated above apply.
  • the filter core 22 has a diameter which is up to 2 mm larger than the diameter of the strand inner core and has a degree of retention in the filter core of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, with ventilation levels of 30 to 80% of the filter.
  • the main smoke is thus filtered in an advantageous manner.
  • the filter jacket 26, on the other hand, has a retention degree of less than 30%, so that the filtering of the flavor-relevant aerosol is less, which brings about a positive taste.
  • the degrees of retention relate to the total mass of the nicotine-free dry condensate flowing into the respective filter zone.
  • the filter core 22 and the filter jacket 26 As materials for the two filter zones, i.e. the filter core 22 and the filter jacket 26, the usual filter materials come into question, as are currently used in the cigarette industry.
  • the inner core consists of aromatic tobacco, while the outer jacket 18 of the tobacco rod 12 contains filling tobacco, ribs or tobacco foil.
  • the filter 15 is then constructed such that the filter core 22 has a smaller diameter than the inner core 14 and has a degree of retention of less than 30%.
  • the outer core accordingly has a retention rate of over 90%.
  • the main smoke condensate is usually determined according to the smoking standard, while the secondary smoke is collected during smoking and the condensate is determined.
  • the values determined show that with approximately the same total smoke condensate, ie from main and secondary smoke, the secondary smoke condensate of the cigarette according to the invention turns out to be approximately 20% less than that of the comparative sample.
  • the ratio of main smoke to secondary smoke condensate increases from 1.0 for the conventional comparative sample to 1.4 for the cigarette according to the invention. Nevertheless, the total volume of CO determined after smoking remains practically the same at 21 compared to 20 ml in the main smoke.
  • known ventilated mouthpieces or filters are also suitable for use with the tobacco strands specified above, which allow a filter ventilation level of at least 40% and lead to a retention level of at least 40% (based on those flowing into the filter Total mass of the nicotine-free dry condensate.)

Landscapes

  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
EP92112342A 1991-08-19 1992-07-20 Cigarette à filtre coaxiale Expired - Lifetime EP0528186B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4127420 1991-08-19
DE4127420A DE4127420C2 (de) 1991-08-19 1991-08-19 Koaxiale Filtercigarette

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0528186A1 true EP0528186A1 (fr) 1993-02-24
EP0528186B1 EP0528186B1 (fr) 1996-09-04

Family

ID=6438625

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92112342A Expired - Lifetime EP0528186B1 (fr) 1991-08-19 1992-07-20 Cigarette à filtre coaxiale

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5379789A (fr)
EP (1) EP0528186B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2074300C (fr)
DE (2) DE4127420C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2093743T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1005840A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0630587A1 (fr) * 1993-06-24 1994-12-28 B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken GmbH Cigarette à filtre coaxiale
EP0875160A1 (fr) * 1997-04-30 1998-11-04 British-American Tobacco (Germany) GmbH Cigarette à filtre ventilée avec un élément de filtre coaxial
EP1449447A1 (fr) * 2001-11-05 2004-08-25 Japan Tobacco Inc. Cigarette a faible propagation de flamme
CN108135256A (zh) * 2015-11-12 2018-06-08 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 多组件气溶胶形成制品

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4435110C2 (de) * 1994-09-30 1999-01-21 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Teilbarer Tabakstrang
DE19703003A1 (de) 1997-01-28 1998-07-30 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Cigarette mit reduzierter Fleckenbildung und vermindertem Nebenstromrauch
DE19722812C2 (de) * 1997-05-30 2003-02-13 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Ultraleicht-Koaxialcigarette mit mehrteiligem Filter
GB9712815D0 (en) * 1997-06-19 1997-08-20 British American Tobacco Co Smoking article and smoking material therefor
DE19746664A1 (de) * 1997-10-23 1999-05-06 Reemtsma H F & Ph Dünne Cigarette
DE19757712C1 (de) * 1997-12-23 1999-06-24 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Koaxialcigarette mit Querstromsperre und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Koaxialcigarette
US20050066986A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Nestor Timothy Brian Smokable rod for a cigarette
US7503330B2 (en) * 2003-09-30 2009-03-17 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smokable rod for a cigarette
CN101991189B (zh) * 2010-11-26 2013-02-20 云南瑞升烟草技术（集团）有限公司 带有轴芯的减害降焦烟支

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3743597C1 (de) * 1987-12-22 1989-02-16 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Koaxialcigarette
EP0365882A1 (fr) * 1988-10-24 1990-05-02 British-American Tobacco (Germany) GmbH Cigarette coaxiale
DE3901226C1 (fr) * 1989-01-17 1990-07-26 B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg, De

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR887956A (fr) * 1941-05-02 1943-11-29 Fides Gmbh Procédé pour prolonger la durée de vie des couches à haute émissivité secondaire
FR998556A (fr) * 1945-10-29 1952-01-21 Papeteries De Mauduit Sa Des Cigarette
FR1322254A (fr) * 1962-02-14 1963-03-29 Cigare à deux étages et cigarette à deux étages
US3356094A (en) * 1965-09-22 1967-12-05 Battelle Memorial Institute Smoking devices
GB1086443A (en) * 1966-05-03 1967-10-11 James Alexander Everet Bell Cigarette
GB1228747A (fr) * 1967-09-07 1971-04-15
US4219031A (en) * 1979-03-05 1980-08-26 Philip Morris Incorporated Smoking product having core of fibrillar carbonized matter
GB2070409A (en) * 1980-01-18 1981-09-09 British American Tobacco Co Filament, comprising smoke- modifying agent, in smoking article
GB8502651D0 (en) * 1985-02-01 1985-03-06 British American Tobacco Co Smoking articles

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3743597C1 (de) * 1987-12-22 1989-02-16 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Koaxialcigarette
EP0365882A1 (fr) * 1988-10-24 1990-05-02 British-American Tobacco (Germany) GmbH Cigarette coaxiale
DE3901226C1 (fr) * 1989-01-17 1990-07-26 B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg, De

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0630587A1 (fr) * 1993-06-24 1994-12-28 B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken GmbH Cigarette à filtre coaxiale
EP0875160A1 (fr) * 1997-04-30 1998-11-04 British-American Tobacco (Germany) GmbH Cigarette à filtre ventilée avec un élément de filtre coaxial
US5979459A (en) * 1997-04-30 1999-11-09 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Ventilated filter cigarette with a coaxial filter element
EP1449447A1 (fr) * 2001-11-05 2004-08-25 Japan Tobacco Inc. Cigarette a faible propagation de flamme
EP1449447A4 (fr) * 2001-11-05 2010-09-08 Japan Tobacco Inc Cigarette a faible propagation de flamme
US7938126B2 (en) 2001-11-05 2011-05-10 Japan Tobacco Inc. Low ignition propensity cigarette
CN108135256A (zh) * 2015-11-12 2018-06-08 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 多组件气溶胶形成制品

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2093743T3 (es) 1997-01-01
CA2074300A1 (fr) 1993-02-20
EP0528186B1 (fr) 1996-09-04
US5379789A (en) 1995-01-10
CA2074300C (fr) 2001-07-17
DE59207041D1 (de) 1996-10-10
HK1005840A1 (en) 1999-01-29
DE4127420A1 (de) 1993-02-25
DE4127420C2 (de) 1996-07-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0321740B1 (fr) Cigarette coaxiale
DE19722812C2 (de) Ultraleicht-Koaxialcigarette mit mehrteiligem Filter
EP0630587B1 (fr) Cigarette à filtre coaxiale
EP0558166B1 (fr) Filtre de cigarette ventile
EP1321050B1 (fr) Filtre pour un article à fumer
DE3150087C2 (fr)
DE19718296A1 (de) Ventilierte Filtercigarette mit einem koaxialen Filterelement
EP0528186B1 (fr) Cigarette à filtre coaxiale
DE3836210C1 (fr)
DE3901226C1 (fr)
EP0693258B1 (fr) Cartouche de tabac
AT394928B (de) Ventiliertes zigarettenfilter und filterzigarette
EP0716816B1 (fr) Cigarette à filtre segmentée
DE3246898A1 (de) Tabakrauchfilter
DE19703003A1 (de) Cigarette mit reduzierter Fleckenbildung und vermindertem Nebenstromrauch
DE10060234C2 (de) Rauchprodukt mit Hohlmundstück-Tabakfilter
EP0503461B1 (fr) Cigarette coaxiale
DE3311903C2 (de) Tabakrauchfilter
DE4107025C2 (de) System zur Selbstverfertigung von Filtercigaretten
DE3408415C2 (fr)
DE4118815C2 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Cigarettenfilters und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Cigarettenfilter
EP0499974A2 (fr) Cigarette à filtre ventilé

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI LU NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19930326

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19940720

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: BRITISH-AMERICAN TOBACCO (GERMANY) GMBH

RAP3 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: BRITISH-AMERICAN TOBACCO (GERMANY) GMBH

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI LU NL

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO MILANO S.P.A.

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: DR. CONRAD A. RIEDERER PATENTANWALT

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19960904

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59207041

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19961010

ET Fr: translation filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2093743

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20010713

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20010716

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20010717

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20010719

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 20010724

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20010730

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20010810

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20010821

Year of fee payment: 10

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020720

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020720

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020721

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020731

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020731

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020731

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: BRITISH-AMERICAN *TOBACCO (GERMANY) G.M.B.H.

Effective date: 20020731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030201

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030201

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20020720

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030331

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20030201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20030811

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050720