EP0523363B1 - Method for lining tunnels or the like - Google Patents

Method for lining tunnels or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0523363B1
EP0523363B1 EP92109389A EP92109389A EP0523363B1 EP 0523363 B1 EP0523363 B1 EP 0523363B1 EP 92109389 A EP92109389 A EP 92109389A EP 92109389 A EP92109389 A EP 92109389A EP 0523363 B1 EP0523363 B1 EP 0523363B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
hollow
boards
consist
hollow box
arches
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EP92109389A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0523363A1 (en
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Ingenieurbuero Edr GmbH
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Ingenieurbuero Edr GmbH
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04Lining with building materials
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/15Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
    • E21D11/155Laggings made of strips, slats, slabs or sheet piles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for expanding tunnels or the like. with delay boards.
  • a conventional tunnel expansion is carried out in such a way that expansion arches that conform to the profile are installed in the opened tunnels or tunnels at a distance of approximately 1 m.
  • the gaps between the expansion arches are warped with steel or wood warping boards. If the extension arches consist of double-T beams, for example, the ends of the timber can be placed in a temporarily stable mountain or in the protection of a shield in the grooves pointing in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel between the flanges of the beams.
  • the drafting boards can also be inserted as an open draft on the mountain side of the expansion arches, overlapping, but alternately side by side.
  • the timber has to be driven overlapping one another and supported in the overlapping areas from the inside by the expansion arches.
  • the ring-shaped or arch-shaped extension arches can consist of double-T beams or else of V-shaped profiled beams or lattice beams.
  • a warping made of wooden planks is disadvantageous in that the wood rots over time and this can result in undesired settlement. Furthermore, decaying wood in the ground is also not desirable with regard to the groundwater quality.
  • expansion arches are used as double-T girders according to the type described at the beginning, and delay boards lying in their lateral grooves to support the tunnel, the expansion arches are spread by mechanical or hydraulic devices and into the gaps between the base plates of the arches suitable carrier sections installed.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to develop a method for Tunnels or the like to propose that the disadvantages described avoid or reduce.
  • this object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset by installing hollow profiles made of a light, non-rotting material as delay boards, which are filled with load-bearing light-weight materials in order to produce the required strength and rigidity properties.
  • Distortion boards installed by the method according to the invention can be installed in the usual way between the installation arches.
  • the delay boards according to the invention are connected to one another in the longitudinal direction outside of the expansion arches, for example plugged in.
  • plastic tubes or plastic box profiles as hollow profiles, which are filled with hard plastic foam or a similar light stiffening material of sufficient load-bearing capacity.
  • the hollow profiles can also consist of rust-free sheet metal.
  • the hollow profiles are expediently curved approximately in the shape of a cylindrical shell on one long side and are designed to be correspondingly complementary on the opposite long side.
  • Such a design of the hollow profiles or the hollow box planks makes it possible to arrange them closely along the extension arches without creating sickle-shaped or wedge-shaped gaps between the individual profiles.
  • the hollow profiles or box girders can also be on one side with spring-like projections and on the opposite Side with complementary grooves.
  • the tongue-like projections and the grooves then interlock and create a good seal against the flushing out of the floor.
  • the hollow profiles or the hollow box planks consist of two U-shaped shells which enclose a supporting foam plastic body between them at a distance, the legs of which facing one another are connected to one another by rods or tabs arranged at a distance from one another .
  • These rods or tabs can bend or buckle under loads by which the shells come closer together when the foam body is pressed together, so that the supports are flexible overall, which is useful, for example, when convergences can occur.
  • the cross section of the hollow profiles can be shaped according to the technical requirements. For example, they can be round, rectangular, unicellular or multicellular.
  • the hollow profiles or box girders can be arranged on the mountain side of the expansion arches, in such a way that they are continuously connected or inserted flush with one another in the tail of a shield machine with ring expansion in the longitudinal direction.
  • the hollow profiles are spread immediately after leaving the shield tail and the resulting joint is wedged and / or closed with concrete.
  • This configuration of the method according to the invention gives the draft a flat, full connection to the surrounding mountains, because no flanges or other parts causing gaps protrude. This avoids settlement, or at least reduces it.
  • tunneling is carried out by a full-cut tunnel machine 1, which has a Spreadable shield tail 2 is provided, which is spread by presses, not shown, in the direction of arrows A, so that it engages non-positively on the mountains.
  • the ring-shaped shield tail 2 thus forms an abutment in the usual way, on which the feed presses can be supported for propelling the tunnel machine.
  • the drafting boards 3 of the warp installed in the horizontal direction are installed, in such a way that the respective rear-facing ends of the warping boards 3 are interlocked with the ends of the warping boards of the previous section 4.
  • ring-shaped or arch-shaped expansion arches 5 are then installed behind the shield tail 2, which press the delay boards 3 in the area of their connection points against the rock 6.
  • the expansion arches 5 are built up from segments and can have any cross-sectional shapes.
  • the expansion arches consist of double T-beams.
  • the distance between the expansion arches 5 from each other can be about 1 m.
  • the toothed connections 7 of the ends of the warping boards can be designed, for example, as plug connections.
  • the arches consist of arcuate supports 10 assembled from segments
  • these foot plates 11 have the compared to the sole elements 12, which, as can be seen from FIG. 2, may consist, for example, of tubbings, are spread by spreading elements. The gap resulting from the spreading is then closed by the introduction of potting material 13.
  • the sole element 12 forming the sole tubbing can consist, for example, of a prefabricated concrete element.
  • the warping planks 15 consist of round hollow profiles 16 made of plastic, which are filled with a load-bearing foam plastic 17.
  • the plastic tubes 16 have bowl-shaped hollow cylindrical indentations 18, the curvature of which corresponds approximately to the cylinder curvature of the tubes 16, so that the walls of the adjacent warping boards can engage snugly in the hollow cylindrical recesses 18.
  • the expansion arch has an approximately U-shaped profile 19 with legs that run at an acute angle to one another and end regions of the legs that are angled outward.
  • cylindrical shell-shaped indentations are also provided in their central region with grooves 20, into which spring-like webs 21 engage, which are arranged along jacket lines on the tubes on the sides opposite the indentations 18.
  • the hollow profiles forming the warping planks consist of box profiles 22 which are filled with a light material filling based on foam plastics.
  • the extension arches consist of double T-beams 23.
  • the box profiles have angular cutouts 24 on an inner corner side, into which web parts 25 of the adjacent warping boards engage.
  • the drafting boards consist of hollow plastic profiles 27, which in turn are foamed with a supporting foam plastic 28.
  • the hollow profiles are provided on one side with a convex cylindrical shell-shaped side 29, while the opposite side is complementarily concave.
  • the concave profile sides can, for example, be provided with grooves 30 into which spring-like webs 31 extending on the convex side engage.
  • the expansion arches have a U-shaped profile.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 basically show profiles corresponding to FIGS. 7 and 8, which, however, have two filled chambers or are of multi-cell design due to longitudinal intermediate walls 32.
  • warping boards which consist of upper and lower flat U-shaped shells 36, 37 made of plastic or sheet metal, which are connected to one another at their legs by tabs 38 arranged at a distance from one another.
  • Lightweight bodies for example foam plastic bodies 39, are held between the shells 36, 37 with sufficient supporting force.
  • Styrofoam or polyurethane for example, can be used as the supporting foam.
  • delay boards are compressed in the direction of arrows B, they are compressed from height h 1 to height h 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

Lagging boards used for lining tunnels or the like are only able to reduce settlement of the rock if they bear closely and over their surface area against the rock. In order to obtain good bearing of the lagging boards against the rock, lagging boards consisting of hollow sections and made of a light, non-rotting material are installed. The hollow sections are filled with load-bearing lightweight materials to produce the required strength and rigidity properties.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Ausbau von Tunneln o.dgl. mit Verzugsdielen.The invention relates to a method for expanding tunnels or the like. with delay boards.

Ein herkömmlicher Tunnelausbau erfolgt in der weise, daß etwa im Abstand von 1 m in den aufgefahrenen Tunnel oder Stollen profilgerechte Ausbaubögen eingebaut werden. Die Zwischenräume zwischen den Ausbaubögen werden mit verzugsdielen aus Stahl oder Holz verzogen. Bestehen die Ausbaubögen beispielsweise aus Doppel-T-Trägern, können die Enden der Hölzer in einem vorübergehend standfestem Gebirge oder im Schutz eines Schildes in die jeweils in Tunnellängsrichtung weisenden Nuten zwischen den Flanschen der Träger eingelegt werden.A conventional tunnel expansion is carried out in such a way that expansion arches that conform to the profile are installed in the opened tunnels or tunnels at a distance of approximately 1 m. The gaps between the expansion arches are warped with steel or wood warping boards. If the extension arches consist of double-T beams, for example, the ends of the timber can be placed in a temporarily stable mountain or in the protection of a shield in the grooves pointing in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel between the flanges of the beams.

In einem vorübergehend standfestem Gebirge können die Verzugsdielen auch als offener Verzug auf der Bergseite der Ausbaubögen sich überlappend, aber wechselseitig nebeneinander, eingelegt werden. Unter schwierigeren geologischen Verhältnissen müssen die Hölzer einander überlappend vorgetrieben und in den Überlappungsbereichen von innen her durch die Ausbaubögen abgestützt werden.In a temporarily stable mountain range, the drafting boards can also be inserted as an open draft on the mountain side of the expansion arches, overlapping, but alternately side by side. Under more difficult geological conditions, the timber has to be driven overlapping one another and supported in the overlapping areas from the inside by the expansion arches.

Die ring- oder bogenförmigen Ausbaubögen können aus Doppel-T-Trägern oder aber auch aus V-förmig profilierten Trägern oder aus Gitterträgern bestehen.The ring-shaped or arch-shaped extension arches can consist of double-T beams or else of V-shaped profiled beams or lattice beams.

Ein aus Holzbohlen bestehender Verzug ist insofern nachteilig, als das Holz mit der Zeit verrottet und dadurch unerwünschte Setzungen entstehen können. Weiterhin ist auch im Hinblick auf die Grundwasserqualität verrottendes Holz im Boden nicht erwünscht.A warping made of wooden planks is disadvantageous in that the wood rots over time and this can result in undesired settlement. Furthermore, decaying wood in the ground is also not desirable with regard to the groundwater quality.

Eine andere übliche Art des Tunnelvortriebes im Lockergestein erfolgt durch Tunnelvortriebsmaschinen, beispielsweise Schildmaschinen. Der ringförmig an der Wandung des aufgefahrenen Tunnels anliegende Schildschwanz hat jedoch eine gewisse Dicke, so daß zwischen dem im Schildschwanz erstellten Ausbau und der ausgebrochenen Tunnelwandung nach dem Vorfahren des Schildschwanzes ein ringförmiger Hohlraum verbleibt, der entweder hinterfüllt oder durch Spreitzen des Ausbaues nach dem Verlassen des Schildschwanzes beseitigt werden muß.Another common way of tunneling in loose rock is by tunneling machines, for example shield machines. However, the shield tail lying in a ring on the wall of the opened tunnel has a certain thickness, so that an annular cavity remains between the expansion created in the shield tail and the broken-out tunnel wall after the ancestor of the shield tail, which is either backfilled or by spreading the expansion after leaving the Shield tail must be eliminated.

Werden in diesem Falle nach der eingangs beschriebenen Art Ausbaubögen als Doppel-T-Träger verwendet und in deren seitlichen Nuten liegende Verzugsdielen zur Abstützung des Tunnels eingebaut, so werden die Ausbaubögen durch mechanische oder hydraulische Vorrichtungen gespreizt und in die zwischen den Fußplatten der Bögen entstehenden Lücken passende Trägerabschnitte eingebaut.If, in this case, expansion arches are used as double-T girders according to the type described at the beginning, and delay boards lying in their lateral grooves to support the tunnel, the expansion arches are spread by mechanical or hydraulic devices and into the gaps between the base plates of the arches suitable carrier sections installed.

Selbst nach dem Spreitzen liegen die Verzugsdielen nicht satt am Gebirge an, sondern nur der vorstehenden Flansche der Ausbaubögen. Dies ist nachteilig, weil nur ein sattes, flächiges Anliegen des gesamten Ausbaues am Gebirge die Setzungen verringern kann.Even after spreading, the warping planks do not lie snugly against the mountains, but only the protruding flanges of the expansion arches. This is disadvantageous because only a full, flat concern of the entire expansion on the mountains can reduce the subsidence.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren zum Ausbau von Tunneln o.dgl. der eingangs angegebenen Art vorzuschlagen, daß die beschriebenen Nachteile vermeidet oder vermindert.The object of the invention is therefore to develop a method for Tunnels or the like to propose that the disadvantages described avoid or reduce.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe bei einem Verfahren der eingangs angegebenen Art dadurch gelöst, daß als Verzugsdielen Hohlprofile aus einem leichten, nicht verrottenden Material eingebaut werden, die zur Erzeugung der erforderlichen Festigkeit- und Steifigkeitseigenschaften mit tragfähigen Leichtstoffen verfüllt werden.According to the invention, this object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset by installing hollow profiles made of a light, non-rotting material as delay boards, which are filled with load-bearing light-weight materials in order to produce the required strength and rigidity properties.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingebaute Verzugsdielen können in üblicher Weise zwischen die Einbaubögen eingebaut werden.Distortion boards installed by the method according to the invention can be installed in the usual way between the installation arches.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Verzugsdielen außerhalb der Ausbaubögen in Längsrichtung binding miteinander verbunden, beispielsweise gesteckt werden.According to an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the delay boards according to the invention are connected to one another in the longitudinal direction outside of the expansion arches, for example plugged in.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, als Hohlprofile Kunststoffrohre oder Kunststoffkastenprofile zu verwenden, die mit Kunststoff-Hartschaum oder einem ähnlichen leichten aussteifenden Material ausreichender Tragfähigkeit verfüllt werden.It is particularly advantageous to use plastic tubes or plastic box profiles as hollow profiles, which are filled with hard plastic foam or a similar light stiffening material of sufficient load-bearing capacity.

Die Hohlprofile können auch aus nicht rostendem Blech bestehen.The hollow profiles can also consist of rust-free sheet metal.

Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Hohlprofile auf einer Längsseite etwa zylinderschalenförmig gekrümmt und auf der gegenüberliegenden Längsseite entsprechend komplementär ausgebildet. Eine derartige Ausbildung der Hohlprofile bzw. der Hohlkastendielen ermöglicht es, diese entlang der Ausbaubögen dicht nebeneinander anzuordnen, ohne daß zwischen den einzelnen Profilen sichel- oder keilförmige Spalten entstehen.The hollow profiles are expediently curved approximately in the shape of a cylindrical shell on one long side and are designed to be correspondingly complementary on the opposite long side. Such a design of the hollow profiles or the hollow box planks makes it possible to arrange them closely along the extension arches without creating sickle-shaped or wedge-shaped gaps between the individual profiles.

Die Hohlprofile oder Hohlkastendielen können auch auf einer Seite mit federartigen Vorsprüngen und auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite mit komplementären Nuten versehen sein. Die federartigen Vorsprünge und die Nuten greifen dann ineinander und schaffen eine gute Dichtigkeit gegen das Ausschwemmen von Boden.The hollow profiles or box girders can also be on one side with spring-like projections and on the opposite Side with complementary grooves. The tongue-like projections and the grooves then interlock and create a good seal against the flushing out of the floor.

Nach einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Hohlprofile bzw. die Hohlkastendielen aus zwei U-förmigen Schalen bestehen, die zwischen sich im Abstand einen stützenden Schaumkunststoffkörper einschließen, wobei deren einander zugewandten Schenkel durch im Abstand voneinander angeordnete Stäbe oder Laschen miteinander verbunden sind. Diese Stäbe oder Laschen können bei Belastungen, durch die sich die Schalen unter Zusammendrücken des Schaumstoffkörpers einander annähern, ausbiegen oder ausknicken, so daß die Träger insgesamt nachgiebig sind, was beispielsweise zweckmäßig ist, wenn Konvergenzen auftreten können.According to another embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the hollow profiles or the hollow box planks consist of two U-shaped shells which enclose a supporting foam plastic body between them at a distance, the legs of which facing one another are connected to one another by rods or tabs arranged at a distance from one another . These rods or tabs can bend or buckle under loads by which the shells come closer together when the foam body is pressed together, so that the supports are flexible overall, which is useful, for example, when convergences can occur.

Die Hohlprofile können in ihrem Querschnitt den technischen Erfordernissen entsprechend geformt sein. Sie können also beispielsweise rund, rechteckig, einzellig oder mehrzellig ausgebildet sein.The cross section of the hollow profiles can be shaped according to the technical requirements. For example, they can be round, rectangular, unicellular or multicellular.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können die Hohlprofile oder Hohlkastendielen auf der Bergseite der Ausbaubögen angeordnet werden, und zwar derart, daß sie im Schwanz einer Schildmaschine mit Ringverspreizung in Längsrichtung bündig fortlaufend untereinander verbunden bzw. gesteckt werden. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die Hohlprofile sofort nach dem Verlassen des Schildschwanzes gespreizt und die entstehende Fuge wird ausgekeilt und/oder mit Beton verschlossen. Durch diese Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bekommt der Verzug eine flächige, satte Verbindung mit dem umgebenden Gebirge, weil keine Flansche oder andere Spalte verursachende Teile mehr vorstehen. Dadurch werden Setzungen vermieden, zumindest aber reduziert.According to the method according to the invention, the hollow profiles or box girders can be arranged on the mountain side of the expansion arches, in such a way that they are continuously connected or inserted flush with one another in the tail of a shield machine with ring expansion in the longitudinal direction. According to a preferred embodiment, the hollow profiles are spread immediately after leaving the shield tail and the resulting joint is wedged and / or closed with concrete. This configuration of the method according to the invention gives the draft a flat, full connection to the surrounding mountains, because no flanges or other parts causing gaps protrude. This avoids settlement, or at least reduces it.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es auch möglich, bei schlechteren Gebirgsverhältnissen den Ausbauwiderstand nachträglich durch zusätzliches Einbauen von Ausbaubögen, evtl. auch schwererer Art, nach dem Erkennen von Schwachstellen zu erhöhen.According to the method according to the invention, it is also possible, in the case of poorer mountain conditions, to increase the expansion resistance retrospectively by additionally installing expansion arches, possibly also of a more difficult type, after the detection of weak points.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser zeigt

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch den in einem aufzufahrenden Tunnel befindlichen Schildschwanz einer Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit dem nachfolgend eingebrachten Tunnelausbau in schematischer Darstellung,
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch den Ausbau längs der Linie II-II in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 bis Fig. 10
Querschnitte durch Teile von Ausbauen mit unterschiedlichen durch verfüllte Hohlprofile gebildeten Verzugsdielen, die durch unterschiedliche Ausbaubögen abgestützt sind,
Fig. 11
einen Querschnitt durch eine aus zwei Schalen mit einem dazwischenliegenden Stützkörper bestehende Verzugsdiele im Querschnitt,
Fig. 12
die Verzugsdiele nach Fig. 11 in Seitenansicht und
Fi. 13
die Verzugsdiele nach Fig. 11 im zusammengedrückten Zustand.
Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. In this shows
Fig. 1
2 shows a longitudinal section through the shield tail of a tunnel boring machine located in a tunnel to be opened, with the tunnel extension subsequently introduced, in a schematic illustration,
Fig. 2
a cross section through the expansion along the line II-II in Fig. 1,
3 to 10
Cross sections through parts of extensions with different warping boards formed by filled hollow profiles, which are supported by different extension arches,
Fig. 11
3 shows a cross section through a drafting board consisting of two shells with a supporting body in between, in cross section,
Fig. 12
11 in side view and
Fi. 13
11 in the compressed state.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 erfolgt der Tunnelvortrieb durch eine Vollschnitt-Tunnelmaschine 1, die mit einem spreitzbaren Schildschwanz 2 versehen ist, der durch nicht dargestellte Pressen in Richtung der Pfeile A gespreizt wird, so daß er sich kraftschlüssig an das Gebirge anlegt. Der ringförmige Schildschwanz 2 bildet dadurch in üblicher Weise ein Widerlager, auf das sich die Vorschubpressen zum Vortrieb der Tunnelmaschine abstützen können.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, tunneling is carried out by a full-cut tunnel machine 1, which has a Spreadable shield tail 2 is provided, which is spread by presses, not shown, in the direction of arrows A, so that it engages non-positively on the mountains. The ring-shaped shield tail 2 thus forms an abutment in the usual way, on which the feed presses can be supported for propelling the tunnel machine.

Im Schutze des Schildschwanzes 2 werden die Verzugsdielen 3 des in horizontaler Richtung eingebauten Verzuges eingebaut, und zwar in der Weise, daß die jeweiligen nach hinten weisenden Enden der Verzugsdielen 3 mit den Enden der Verzugsdielen des vorherigen Abschnitts 4 verzahnend verbunden werden.Protected by the shield tail 2, the drafting boards 3 of the warp installed in the horizontal direction are installed, in such a way that the respective rear-facing ends of the warping boards 3 are interlocked with the ends of the warping boards of the previous section 4.

In den end- bzw. stirnseitigen Verbindungsbereichen der Verzugsdielen 3 werden sodann hinter dem Schildschwanz 2 ring- oder bogenförmige Ausbaubögen 5 eingebaut, die die Verzugsdielen 3 im Bereich ihrer Verbindungsstellen gegen das Gebirge 6 drücken. Die Ausbaubögen 5 werden aus Segmenten aufgebaut und können beliebige Querschnittsformen haben.In the end or end connection areas of the delay boards 3, ring-shaped or arch-shaped expansion arches 5 are then installed behind the shield tail 2, which press the delay boards 3 in the area of their connection points against the rock 6. The expansion arches 5 are built up from segments and can have any cross-sectional shapes.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 bestehen die Ausbaubögen aus Doppel-T-Trägern. Der Abstand der Ausbaubögen 5 voneinander kann etwa 1 m betragen.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the expansion arches consist of double T-beams. The distance between the expansion arches 5 from each other can be about 1 m.

Die verzahnenden Verbindungen 7 der Enden der Verzugsdielen können beispielsweise als Steckverbindungen ausgeführt sein.The toothed connections 7 of the ends of the warping boards can be designed, for example, as plug connections.

Falls erforderlich, können nachträglich zwischen den die Verbindungsbereiche der Verzugsdielen abstützenden Ausbaubögen weitere Ausbaubögen 8 nachträglich eingebaut werden.If necessary, further extension arches 8 can be retrofitted between the extension arches supporting the connecting areas of the warping boards.

In dem rechten Teil der Fig. 1 sind Ausbaubögen 9 dargestellt worden, die aus Gitterträgern mit dreieckigem Profil bestehen.In the right part of Fig. 1 expansion arches 9 have been shown, which consist of lattice girders with a triangular profile.

Bestehen die Ausbaubögen aus aus Segmenten zusammengebauten bogenförmigen Trägern 10, weisen diese Fußbleche 11 auf, die gegenüber den Sohlelementen 12, die, wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, beispielsweise aus Sohltübbingen bestehen können, durch Spreitzelemente gespreitzt werden. Der sich durch das Spreitzen ergebende Spalt wird anschließend durch das Einbringen von Vergußmaterial 13 geschlossen. Das den Sohltübbing bildende Sohlelement 12 kann beispielsweise aus einem Fertigteilbetonelement bestehen.If the arches consist of arcuate supports 10 assembled from segments, these foot plates 11 have the compared to the sole elements 12, which, as can be seen from FIG. 2, may consist, for example, of tubbings, are spread by spreading elements. The gap resulting from the spreading is then closed by the introduction of potting material 13. The sole element 12 forming the sole tubbing can consist, for example, of a prefabricated concrete element.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 bestehen die Verzugsdielen 15 aus runden Hohlprofilen 16 aus Kunststoff, die mit einem tragenden Schaumkunststoff 17 verfüllt sind. Die Kunststoffrohre 16 weisen schalenförmige hohlzylindrische Einziehungen 18 auf, deren Krümmung etwa der Zylinderkrümmung der Rohre 16 entspricht, so daß die Wandungen der angrenzenden Verzugsdielen satt in die hohlzylindrischen Aussparungen 18 eingreifen können.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the warping planks 15 consist of round hollow profiles 16 made of plastic, which are filled with a load-bearing foam plastic 17. The plastic tubes 16 have bowl-shaped hollow cylindrical indentations 18, the curvature of which corresponds approximately to the cylinder curvature of the tubes 16, so that the walls of the adjacent warping boards can engage snugly in the hollow cylindrical recesses 18.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 weist der Ausbaubogen ein etwa U-förmiges Profil 19 mit spitzwinkelig zueinander verlaufenden Schenkeln und nach außen hin abgewinkelten Endbereichen der Schenkel auf.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, the expansion arch has an approximately U-shaped profile 19 with legs that run at an acute angle to one another and end regions of the legs that are angled outward.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 4 sind die zylinderschalenförmigen Einziehungen in ihren mittleren Bereich noch mit Nuten 20 versehen, in die federartige Stege 21 greifen, die längs Mantellinien verlaufend an den Rohren auf den den Einziehungen 18 gegenüberliegenden Seiten angeordnet sind.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, the cylindrical shell-shaped indentations are also provided in their central region with grooves 20, into which spring-like webs 21 engage, which are arranged along jacket lines on the tubes on the sides opposite the indentations 18.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 5 bestehen die die Verzugsdielen bildenden Hohlprofile aus Kastenprofilen 22, die mit einer Leichtstoffüllung auf der Basis von Schaumkunststoffen verfüllt sind. Die Ausbaubögen bestehen aus Doppel-T-Trägern 23.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, the hollow profiles forming the warping planks consist of box profiles 22 which are filled with a light material filling based on foam plastics. The extension arches consist of double T-beams 23.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 6 weisen die Kastenprofile an einer inneren Eckseite winkelige Aussparungen 24 auf, in die Stegteile 25 der angrenzenden Verzugsdielen greifen.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, the box profiles have angular cutouts 24 on an inner corner side, into which web parts 25 of the adjacent warping boards engage.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 7 bestehen die Verzugsdielen aus Kunststoffhohlprofilen 27, die wiederum mit einem stützenden Schaumkunststoff 28 ausgeschäumt sind. Die Hohlprofile sind auf einer Seite mit einer konvexen zylinderschalenförmigen Seite 29 versehen, während die gegenüberliegende Seite komplementär konkav ausgebildet ist.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7, the drafting boards consist of hollow plastic profiles 27, which in turn are foamed with a supporting foam plastic 28. The hollow profiles are provided on one side with a convex cylindrical shell-shaped side 29, while the opposite side is complementarily concave.

Wie aus Fig. 8 ersichtlich ist, können beispielsweise die konkaven Profilseiten mit Nuten 30 versehen sein, in die auf der konvexen Seite verlaufende federartige Stege 31 eingreifen.As can be seen from FIG. 8, the concave profile sides can, for example, be provided with grooves 30 into which spring-like webs 31 extending on the convex side engage.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 7 weisen die Ausbaubögen U-förmiges Profil auf.7, the expansion arches have a U-shaped profile.

Aus den Fig. 9 und 10 sind grundsätzlich den Fig. 7 und 8 entsprechende Profile ersichtlich, die jedoch durch längsverlaufende Zwischenwandungen 32 zwei verfüllte Kammern aufweisen bzw. mehrzellig ausgebildet sind.FIGS. 9 and 10 basically show profiles corresponding to FIGS. 7 and 8, which, however, have two filled chambers or are of multi-cell design due to longitudinal intermediate walls 32.

Aus den Fig. 11 bis 13 sind Verzugsdielen ersichtlich, die aus oberen und unteren flach U-förmigen Schalen 36,37 aus Kunststoff oder Blech bestehen, die an ihren Schenkeln durch im Abstand voneinander angeordnete Laschen 38 miteinander verbunden sind. Zwischen den Schalen 36,37 sind Leichtstoffkörper, beispielsweise Schaumkunststoffkörper 39 mit ausreichender Stützkraft gehaltert. Als stützender Schaumstoff kommt beispielsweise Styropor oder Polyurethan in Betracht.From FIGS. 11 to 13 warping boards can be seen which consist of upper and lower flat U-shaped shells 36, 37 made of plastic or sheet metal, which are connected to one another at their legs by tabs 38 arranged at a distance from one another. Lightweight bodies, for example foam plastic bodies 39, are held between the shells 36, 37 with sufficient supporting force. Styrofoam or polyurethane, for example, can be used as the supporting foam.

Werden die Verzugsdielen in Richtung der Pfeile B zusammengedrückt, werden sie von der Höhe h₁ auf die Höhe h₂ zusammengedrückt.If the delay boards are compressed in the direction of arrows B, they are compressed from height h 1 to height h 2.

Claims (7)

  1. Method for lining tunnels or the like with cover boards,
    characterised in that
    hollow sections of a light, non-rotting material are installed as the cover boards which are filled with load-bearing light-weight materials for producing the requisite strength and stiffness properties.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the hollow sections consist of plastic or non-rusting sheet metal.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the hollow box elements are curved in the approximate form of a cylindrical shell along one longitudinal side, and on the opposing longitudinal side are formed in a correspondingly complementary fashion.
  4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the hollow box elements are provided on one side with tongue-like projections and, on the opposite side, with complementary grooves.
  5. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the hollow box elements consist of two U-shaped shells which contain within their intermediary gap a supporting foamed plastic body, and that their mutually inwardly pointing limbs are interconnected by bars or butt straps arranged at spacing intervals from one another.
  6. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the foamed plastic bodies are of compressible construction.
  7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hollow box elements are positioned longitudinally along the rock face of the support arches such that within the tail section of a shield-type machine with an expanding ring erector they can be interconnected or joined in the longitudinal direction in a flush and continuous arrangement.
EP92109389A 1991-07-16 1992-06-03 Method for lining tunnels or the like Expired - Lifetime EP0523363B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4123552 1991-07-16
DE4123552 1991-07-16
DE4125082A DE4125082A1 (en) 1991-07-16 1991-07-29 METHOD FOR REMOVING TUNNELS OR THE LIKE
DE4125082 1991-07-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0523363A1 EP0523363A1 (en) 1993-01-20
EP0523363B1 true EP0523363B1 (en) 1994-11-30

Family

ID=25905535

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92109389A Expired - Lifetime EP0523363B1 (en) 1991-07-16 1992-06-03 Method for lining tunnels or the like

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EP (1) EP0523363B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE114779T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4125082A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19804588C2 (en) * 1998-02-05 2001-12-20 Edr Ingbuero Gmbh Tubbing for the tubbing ring expansion of tunnels
DE19842022C2 (en) * 1998-02-05 2002-10-17 Edr Ingbuero Gmbh Tubbing for the tubbing ring expansion of tunnels
DE102008029014B3 (en) * 2008-06-20 2010-04-15 Bucyrus Dbt Europe Gmbh Shield frame for underground mining and surface support element for this purpose

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1535981A (en) * 1976-08-04 1978-12-13 Coal Ind Underground roadway or tunnel support
DE2923016C2 (en) * 1979-06-07 1986-10-09 Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen Composition consisting of flexible shells that can be connected to one another and filled with material capable of binding to fill in cavities, in particular cavities in mining
DE7916359U1 (en) * 1979-06-07 1987-07-23 Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen Cover made of flexible material for holding conveyable and setting materials for filling cavities, particularly in mining
CH642141A5 (en) * 1981-05-12 1984-03-30 Berset Jean Marie UNDERGROUND PASSAGE AND METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING THE PASSAGE.
DE3221738A1 (en) * 1982-06-09 1983-12-15 Heinrich 4350 Recklinghausen Quante Composite component
DE4014437A1 (en) * 1989-12-13 1991-06-20 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Method of lining mining roadway - involves rolls of lagging mat fixed against rock surface behind arched supports and backfilling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59200839D1 (en) 1995-01-12
DE4125082A1 (en) 1993-01-21
ATE114779T1 (en) 1994-12-15
EP0523363A1 (en) 1993-01-20

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