EP0521838B1 - Active optical proximity fuse - Google Patents

Active optical proximity fuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0521838B1
EP0521838B1 EP92850150A EP92850150A EP0521838B1 EP 0521838 B1 EP0521838 B1 EP 0521838B1 EP 92850150 A EP92850150 A EP 92850150A EP 92850150 A EP92850150 A EP 92850150A EP 0521838 B1 EP0521838 B1 EP 0521838B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
detector
elements
spot
arming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92850150A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0521838A1 (en
Inventor
Bengt Witt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saab Bofors AB
Saab AB
Original Assignee
Bofors AB
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bofors AB filed Critical Bofors AB
Publication of EP0521838A1 publication Critical patent/EP0521838A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0521838B1 publication Critical patent/EP0521838B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C13/00—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
    • F42C13/02—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation operated by intensity of light or similar radiation
    • F42C13/023—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation operated by intensity of light or similar radiation using active distance measurement

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an active optical proximity fuse which comprises a transmitter arranged to transmit a radiation lobe by means of which a target can be illuminated.
  • the proximity fuse also comprises a receiver which receives radiation reflected from the target and images the target or an area of it as a spot on a surface belonging to a detector which emits at its outputs electrical signals which mutually vary depending on the position of the spot on the detector surface.
  • a device is known from DE-A-3 004 250 which discloses the features according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention can be used in proximity fuses which utilise the base line principle. It is already known to use transmitters and receivers which operate with narrow radiation lobes. It is also known to make use of position-sensing detectors with which it is possible to define a position which corresponds to a certain predetermined target distance when the triggering signal is to be effected. Electrical signal processing devices which can be connected to the said detectors for processing the electrical signals caused by the reflected radiation occur in different known embodiments.
  • the proximity fuse In the type of equipment belonging to this category, it is essential that the proximity fuse can operate with high accuracy and independently of the target characteristics (reflections, surface characteristics, and so forth).
  • the present invention has the aim of solving this problem, among others. It can therefore be considered to be the main characterising feature of the novel proximity fuse that, among other things, the outputs of the detector are connected to first elements which emit a first signal dependent on the position of the spot on the surface, the absolute value of which first signal is greater with the position of the spot on one or more first parts, preferably outer parts, of the surface than with the position of the spot on another part, preferably the centre part, of the surface.
  • the invention is also characterised by a second element acting as arming element which compares the first signal with a predetermined reference (fixed) and emits an arming signal when two or more first signals, for example in the form of pulses, occur which exceed the reference.
  • the first signal When the equipment operates with a non-pulsating radiation, the first signal will alternatively exceed the reference for a predetermined duration. Further characteristics are that a third element forms a first reference signal which constitutes a part of the first signal and that a fourth element acting as triggering circuit emits a triggering signal with the arming signal present and in which the said first element, after initiation of the arming signal, emits a first signal which drops below the first said reference signal and exceeds a second reference signal determined by the signal noise.
  • the detector is of such type in which the detector's surface is formed by a single element.
  • the first element comprises amplifier and adding and subtracting elements for amplifying and forwarding the signal difference at the detector outputs to a filter also comprised in the first element and analog/digital converting elements.
  • the first element comprises a dividing element connected to the last-mentioned part-element, which emits the first signal which is thereby a measure of the distance between the proximity fuse (ammunition unit) and the target.
  • a detector is utilised, the surface of which is formed by two elements.
  • the outputs of the detector are connected to a differential amplifier comprised in the first element for amplifying the difference between the detector output signals.
  • the first element contains filter and analog/digital conversion elements which emit the first signal as a measure of the distance from the target.
  • the transmitter and receiver are preferably of a type which operates with pulsed radiation, which entails that the first signal occurs in pulse form.
  • the second element comprises a comparator which compares the first signal/pulses with the said fixed reference.
  • the second element operates with a two-pulse condition for emitting the said arming signal.
  • the third element can comprise a peak detector which receives the first signal, for example the highest pulse (amplitude) of the said two or more pulses, and forms the said part of the first signal.
  • the fourth element preferably comprises a window comparator which emits a signal when the first signal assumes a value between the first and second reference signals.
  • the signal from the window comparator is supplied to a logic unit contained in the fourth element, which initiates the triggering signal when the said signal from the window comparator is present and at the same time an arming signal and clock pulse are present.
  • the last-mentioned signal can be obtained from an OR-gate to which the output signal from the logic unit is connected.
  • the OR-gate can comprise an input for an automatic triggering function where the signal processing equipment described above is shunted.
  • the proposal above provides an effectively operating proximity fuse which is comparatively cost effective compared with prior solutions.
  • the proposed design can be constructed with known technology and known components available on the market.
  • the proximity fuse is capable of withstanding very high accelerations.
  • the proximity fuse also withstands comparatively difficult steering and impact characteristics.
  • FIGS 1-3 show the principles of an active optical proximity fuse which utilises the base line principle.
  • a transmitter 1 is arranged to illuminate with a narrow lobe a target against which the said unit is moving in and which is shown in two different positions 2, 2'.
  • the said target reflects a proportion of the radiation/light to a receiver 3.
  • the receiver comprises a detector 4, and on its receiving surface 4a the target or a part of the target which is illuminated by the radiation is emitted as a glowing spot.
  • the detector is of such a design that it provides information about where the glowing spot is located on the surface 4a.
  • a position on the detector can be defined which corresponds to a certain distance between the unit and the target where the effective part or equivalent of the unit will be triggered.
  • the beam lobe from the transmitter is specified by 5, 5' and the reflected radiation by 6, 6'.
  • the respective position of the spot on the detector surface is given by 4a', 4a".
  • the transmitter 1 comprises a cast aspherical lens 1a in front of an edge-emitting light-emitting diode 1b.
  • the transmitter produces a narrow well-defined lobe with angles of, for example, 0.3 x 3°.
  • the focal length and diameter of the lens can be, for example, approximately 10 mm.
  • the light-emitting diode emits at a wavelength of 870 nm. In the embodiment, this is pulsed with 20 kHz and a pulse ratio of 50%.
  • the peak power from the transmitter can be selected to be approximately 40 mW at room temperature.
  • the said angles are represented by ⁇ in Figure 2.
  • the receiver also comprises a lens 3a which is arranged together with an optical edge filter 3b.
  • the latter absorbs light at a shorter wavelength than that of the transmitter.
  • the lens images the target surface illuminated by the transmitter on a silicon photodetector or equivalent, see Figure 3.
  • the detector can have different embodiments.
  • the detector has a small active surface, for example 0.5 x 0.3 mm, to minimise noise due to solar illumination.
  • the angle of the receiving lobe is specified by ⁇ .
  • Figure 4 shows the front parts of an ammunition unit (projectile, missile, and so forth) 7 which can be constructed of a type known per se.
  • the transmitter and receiver can be directed forward and the directions are shown by beam lobes 5, 6.
  • the transmitter and receiver form a separate unit which can be trimmed and then mounted.
  • the signal processing circuits described below are arranged on surface-mounting card 8 which is positioned across the longitudinal axis 7a of the unit 7.
  • the light-emitting diode and photodetector are constructed of hermetically encapsulated components.
  • Figures 5, 5a show an example of a detector 4′ which includes two elements 4b, 4c arranged closely together.
  • the spot, or the illuminated area, is specified by 9.
  • the detector is provided with two outputs 4d, 4e for electrical signals 1 1 and 1 2 , respectively, which are generated in dependence on the position of the spot on the detector surfaces 4b, 4c.
  • the detector is also designed with a feed input 1 0 for energy supply to the detector.
  • Figures 6, 6a show a second embodiment of the detector 4" in which the detector's light-sensitive element 4f consists of a single part.
  • a centre-to-centre distance between the light or radiation-sensitive area 4f and the spot 9" has been specified by x.
  • the total length of the area 4f has been specified by L.
  • x L ⁇ 1 1 - 1 2 1 1 + 1 2
  • the transmitter and receiver electronics are shown in Figure 7.
  • the transmitter section is divided into an oscillator circuit 10 and a power stage 11.
  • the oscillator provides the system clock frequency CL and a locking clock frequency LF.
  • the oscillator frequency is determined in known manner by means of an RC connecting stage.
  • the power stage amplifies the signal CL and controls the current through the light-emitting diode. This outputs an optical pulse train with a pulse repetition frequency of 20 kHz and a pulse ratio of 50%.
  • the receiver electronics comprise a receiver amplifier 12, an arming element 13 and a trigger logic unit 14.
  • the receiver amplifier is different in the abovementioned detector alternatives, but the arming element 13 and trigger logic unit 14 are the same in both cases.
  • Figure 8 shows the case with a linear detector.
  • the respective outputs 1 1 and 1 2 are connected to an amplifier 15 and 15', respectively.
  • the outputs of the amplifiers are connected to subtracting and adding elements 16 and 16', respectively.
  • the bandpass filter has a narrow band width and the centre frequency is tuned to the clock frequency CL.
  • the analog/digital convertor the peaks of the signal pulses are sampled and the function is controlled in a manner known per se by the locking clock signal LF.
  • the outputs of the part circuits 17, 17' are connected to a divider, the output signal S/H of which represents a measure of the distance from the target.
  • the divider provides the following output signal: 1 1 - 1 2 1 1 + 1 2
  • Figure 9 shows the receiver amplifier design for the detector divided into two.
  • the signals from the two elements 4b, 4c are supplied to a differential amplifier 18 which amplifies the difference between the signals. After that, the difference signal is bandpass-filtered and sampled in the circuit 19 which supplies the locking clock signal LF.
  • the measure of the distance can be obtained directly from the circuit 19, the output signal of which is specified by S/H'.
  • Figure 10 shows the arming logic. This utilises the input signals V ref and S/H or, respectively, S/H' from the amplifiers according to Figures 8 and 9, respectively.
  • the said signals are supplied to a comparator 20.
  • V ref is a fixed level which is predetermined.
  • the signal i K from the comparator 20 is supplied to a first logic circuit 21 which is arranged to output an output signal in the form of an arming signal i A if the comparator has supplied two consecutive pulses i K . This implies that the receiver must get two consecutive optical pulses (compare 6 in Figure 7) above the V ref level for the ammunition unit (effective part) to be armed.
  • a third element 22 which can be constructed by a peak-value detector the signal S/H or, respectively, S/H' is locked.
  • the highest signal (pulse) is preferably locked. A suitable fraction of the locked signal/pulse is used to form an output signal V reft from the detector 22.
  • the last-mentioned signal consists of a reference signal which forms a level below which the signal must drop for the proximity fuse thereafter to provide a trigger signal or triggering signal after arming.
  • the signal S/H or, respectively, S/H′ from the divider 17 ⁇ or the circuit 19 ( Figure 9) will first be positive and increasing and then decrease and become negative.
  • the triggering signal will come when the signal S/H or, respectively, S/H′ is zero. Since the proximity fuse is pulsed, it is not certain that the signal will assume the value zero.
  • the signal amplitude will vary greatly for different target reflections and angles at the target surface with a given distance.
  • the effect of different target characteristics can be minimised by setting the threshold V reft when the proximity fuse approaches the target.
  • the trigger logic unit can be seen in Figure 11.
  • the trigger logic unit provides an output signal i T when the effective part will be triggered.
  • the unit comprises a window comparator 23 and a second logic section 24 for checking whether the trigger condition is satisfied.
  • the input signals to the window comparator are V reft , S/H or, respectively, S/H′ signals and V refnoise which consists of a second reference signal.
  • the window comparator provides an output signal i F when the signal S/E or, respectively, S/E′ is lower than V reft and greater than the said second reference signal.
  • the last-mentioned reference signal is a fixed level which is determined by the noise in the S/H signal.
  • the second reference signal is automatically determined in a manner known per se in the equipment.
  • the signal i F from the window comparator is supplied to the logic section 24 which also has the arming signal i A and the clock signal CL as input signals.
  • the logic unit 24 only initiates its output signal i T if these three signals are positive or negative at the same time.
  • An OR circuit 25 receives the said signal i T on one of its inputs which entails that the triggering signal i U is obtained at the output of the circuit 25.
  • the circuit 25 can also be supplied with a signal i D for self-destruction. The latter can be desirable if an impact sensor provides a signal or a certain time has elapsed without the triggering condition having been satisfied (triggering signal i U occurs).
  • the light-emitting diode 1b (compare Figure 1) is supplied with power by a thermal battery of, for example 5a, 18 V with centre tap.
  • the battery voltage can be stabilised at +-9 V + 5 V.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
EP92850150A 1991-07-04 1992-06-18 Active optical proximity fuse Expired - Lifetime EP0521838B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9102088 1991-07-04
SE9102088A SE504497C2 (sv) 1991-07-04 1991-07-04 Aktivt optiskt zonrör

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0521838A1 EP0521838A1 (en) 1993-01-07
EP0521838B1 true EP0521838B1 (en) 1997-01-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92850150A Expired - Lifetime EP0521838B1 (en) 1991-07-04 1992-06-18 Active optical proximity fuse

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US5277114A (sv)
EP (1) EP0521838B1 (sv)
AT (1) ATE147157T1 (sv)
DE (1) DE69216307T2 (sv)
ES (1) ES2095450T3 (sv)
SE (1) SE504497C2 (sv)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW357101B (en) * 1996-12-17 1999-05-01 Konami Co Ltd Shooting video game machine and shooting result presentation method
US6488680B1 (en) * 2000-04-27 2002-12-03 Medtronic, Inc. Variable length electrodes for delivery of irrigated ablation
SE519568C2 (sv) * 2000-07-03 2003-03-11 Bofors Weapon Sys Ab Anordning vid zonrörsbestyckad ammunitionsenhet
AU2003291588A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-14 Saab Rosemount Tank Radar Ab Method and apparatus for radar-based level gauging
US20050034627A1 (en) * 2003-03-24 2005-02-17 Manole Leon R. System and method for a flameless tracer/marker utilizing an electronic light source
US10935357B2 (en) 2018-04-25 2021-03-02 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Proximity fuse having an E-field sensor

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE551427A (sv) * 1955-10-04 Alphonse Martin
US4309946A (en) * 1967-07-13 1982-01-12 General Dynamics, Pomona Division Laser proximity fuzing device
US3786757A (en) * 1972-06-22 1974-01-22 Raytheon Co Optical lens arrangement
DE2347374C2 (de) * 1973-09-20 1982-05-13 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Abstandszünder für einen Gefechtskopf
US4269121A (en) * 1974-08-12 1981-05-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Semi-active optical fuzing
DE3004250C2 (de) * 1980-02-06 1986-09-18 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Optischer Annäherungssensor
US4532867A (en) * 1983-07-07 1985-08-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Dual field-of-view optical target detector
SE458480B (sv) * 1986-12-11 1989-04-03 Bofors Ab Anordning i zonroer foer uppskjutbar enhet, innefattande saendare och mottagare foer optisk straalning
SE466821B (sv) * 1987-09-21 1992-04-06 Bofors Ab Anordning foer att vid ett aktivt optiskt zonroer aastadkomma foerhoejd taalighet mot nederboerd, roek, moln etc
US5142985A (en) * 1990-06-04 1992-09-01 Motorola, Inc. Optical detection device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2095450T3 (es) 1997-02-16
DE69216307T2 (de) 1997-05-15
SE9102088D0 (sv) 1991-07-04
EP0521838A1 (en) 1993-01-07
US5277114A (en) 1994-01-11
ATE147157T1 (de) 1997-01-15
SE504497C2 (sv) 1997-02-24
DE69216307D1 (de) 1997-02-13
SE9102088L (sv) 1993-01-05

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