EP0519398B1 - Control and analysis device - Google Patents

Control and analysis device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0519398B1
EP0519398B1 EP92110143A EP92110143A EP0519398B1 EP 0519398 B1 EP0519398 B1 EP 0519398B1 EP 92110143 A EP92110143 A EP 92110143A EP 92110143 A EP92110143 A EP 92110143A EP 0519398 B1 EP0519398 B1 EP 0519398B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
position data
testing
monitoring
operating condition
belt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP92110143A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0519398A1 (en
Inventor
Ferdinand Wensauer
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Erhardt and Leimer GmbH
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Erhardt and Leimer GmbH
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Publication of EP0519398A1 publication Critical patent/EP0519398A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/36—Guiding mechanisms
    • D21F1/365—Guiding mechanisms for controlling the lateral position of the screen
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F7/005—Wire-tensioning devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for monitoring and checking the operating state of a machine having an endless belt.
  • endless belts are used as transport and / or carrier devices, but also processing devices for products to be manufactured. These belts are generally guided over a frequently large number of rollers, set in motion or held by a suitable drive device and tensioned by means of tensioning devices. Using the use of such endless belts in papermaking, problems which occur when using endless belts are described below as examples; the same or similar problems also occur in other industrial applications of such endless belts.
  • a production line for paper manufacture generally consists of several delimited sections, namely a wire section, a press section, a dryer section and a smoothing unit or a closing group.
  • the endless belts mentioned in the introduction are used in different configurations.
  • the wire section is an endless rotating wire belt onto which the paper web is applied at the top via a headbox and that carries the paper web, transports it and drains it.
  • the paper web is passed on from the wire section to the press section, in which an endless felt belt is provided for taking up and removing further water components from the paper web.
  • the paper web is pressed in the press section with the aid of several press rolls and further press felt endless belts.
  • the paper web is passed over steam-heated rollers and brought into contact with endless drying felt belts in order to be dried to the permissible residual moisture.
  • endless belts provided in the press section and the dryer section also serve for transport and support, but also for the treatment of the paper web and can be made of different materials depending on the application.
  • a belt run controller as is known for example from FR-A-2 323 810, which consists of an adjustable roller which extends like one of the drive, guide or other rollers of the belt guide transversely to the endless belt and which can be inclined with respect to the vertical alignment to the longitudinal direction of the belt.
  • the one roller bearing can be rotated about an axis running perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the roller, and that other roller bearings designed to be linearly displaceable parallel to the direction of strip travel. If this bearing is moved, the roller is moved in a swiveling movement around the rotatably mounted bearing in relation to the direction of belt travel. Due to the inclined position, forces then act on the belt, which move the belt in a direction predetermined by the inclined position, so that the straight running of the endless belt is influenced or a running of the belt can be compensated for due to other disturbances.
  • the adjustment of the tape guide roller is carried out continuously with the aid of a control circuit, which detects the tape run via a scanner on the edge of the tape and causes the displaceable bearing to be displaced in order to adjust the tape run according to a specification.
  • Various drive units such as hydraulic, pneumatic, electromagnetic or electromotive systems, are used for the movement of the slidable bearing of the belt guide roller.
  • the well-known belt guiding system ensures that the belt guiding is aligned by inclining the belt guiding roller, which can deviate from the ideal straight running of the belt due to numerous influences.
  • the other production conditions are also suitable for having a disadvantageous effect on the straight running of the press felt endless belts or the dry felt endless belts.
  • an uneven moisture, weight or thickness distribution of the paper web in a direction transverse to the tape running direction is able to influence the straight running of the tape.
  • An uneven moisture distribution causes a different band tension, such as a different weight distribution, whereas a different thickness distribution causes a gradual shift of the band due to the longer distances that occur during the process, and thus a deviation from straight running.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device which enables monitoring and testing of the operating state of a machine having an endless belt with at least one belt guider.
  • the invention is based on the finding that the belt travel or the belt tension in a machine having an endless belt represents a meaningful quantity which allows conclusions to be drawn about the operating state of the machine. Furthermore, according to the invention, the movement of the part of the strip travel or strip tension regulator influencing the strip run or the strip tension is used.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the roller and the linearly displaceable bearing of a belt controller for an endless belt 1, without the entire control loop for the straight running of the endless belt is shown in all details.
  • the roller 2 is mounted at the end of the roller shaft shown in FIG. 1 in the bearing 3, which is linearly displaceable in the direction indicated by A. From a basic position running perpendicular to the direction of belt travel, the roller 2 can be inclined with respect to the basic position by displacing the bearing 3 and an associated pivoting of the roller about the bearing not shown in FIG to restore the endless belt.
  • the bearing 3 is part of the control circuit with the aid of a suitable drive device 4, for example a pneumatic or hydraulic piston / cylinder arrangement or an electric spindle drive driven and postponed. For this purpose, the bearing 3 slides in the schematic representation of FIG. 1 along the plane E.
  • the drive device 4 is controlled by a controller device 5, which detects the movement of the edge of the endless belt 1 and thus the belt run with the aid of a scanner 6.
  • the device according to the invention is also shown, which in this embodiment comprises a motion sensor 10, which detects the movement of the bearing 3 on the basis of the relative movement between the bearing 3 and the plane E and which is independent of the tape guider or its control loop is provided.
  • the separate arrangement of the movement sensor 10 brings an increased resolution of the detected movement and the position data obtained in this way.
  • the movement of the tape guide roller can also be detected via a suitable size of the control loop.
  • the motion sensor 10 is a linear displacement sensor, which detects the position of the bearing 3 approximately in an inductive manner and converts it into an electrically or electrically detectable variable.
  • the motion sensor 10 comprises an immovable rod-like element 11 made of a suitable material, which extends into the interior of coils (not shown) which are fixedly arranged in the housing 12 of the sensor 10.
  • the housing 12 of the sensor is rigidly connected to the bearing 3 so that it and thus the coils contained in the housing follow the movement of the bearing.
  • the immersion depth of the rod-like element 11 changes accordingly in the coils contained in the housing 12, so that their electrical behavior is changed accordingly.
  • an arrangement of the housing 12 in a fixed relationship to the plane E and a fastening of the rod-like element 11 on the bearing 3 are also suitable for detecting the movement of the bearing 3 with the aid of the motion sensor 10.
  • the properties of the coils provided in the housing 12, which change in accordance with the displacement of the bearing 3, are detected with the aid of a read-out unit 13 which is connected to the coils in the interior of the housing 12, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the read-out unit 13 comprises an oscillation circuit (not shown) which uses the inductance of the coils arranged in the housing 12 to generate a signal which corresponds to the inductance of the coils and thus changes in accordance with the movement of the bearing 3.
  • the readout unit 13 thus detects the linear displacement, i.e. the current position of the bearing 3, which occurs during the control process ensuring the straight running of the belt.
  • the read-out unit 13 outputs an analog signal to an A / D converter 14, which corresponds to the current position of the bearing 3 with respect to a basic position relative to the plane E.
  • the movement of the bearing 3 corresponds to the movement of the roller 2, which influences the strip travel, so that ultimately the position of the part of the strip guide regulator influencing the strip travel is detected.
  • the position of the part of the strip tension regulator influencing the strip tension can be detected in a corresponding manner.
  • the A / D converter 14 converts the analog signals from the Readout unit 13 into digital position data and delivers this to a processing device 15.
  • the position data transmitted to the processing device 15 have temporal profiles, as exemplified in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d.
  • 2a to 2d each show curve profiles of the position data on the left and the distribution diagrams explained below on the right.
  • the horizontal axis of the diagram corresponds to the time axis
  • the vertical axis of the diagram corresponds to the size of the individual position value.
  • the horizontal axis of the diagram corresponds to the position value
  • the position value of the basic position of the strip guiding roller is identified by "center".
  • the processing device 15 comprises a computer unit 15a, a memory unit 15b and a display unit 15c. According to the invention, the processing device 15 processes the current position data in such a way that the current position data are each stored in the storage unit 15b and the operating state of the machine is determined from the stored characteristic data in the characteristic values. In particular, a change in the operating state can be determined from a change in the characteristic values.
  • the characteristic values that are inherent in the stored position data include, in particular, the position of the position data in relation to the aligned basic position of the belt guide roller, the frequency of periodically repeating position data, that is Area integral under the curve of the course of the position data and the distribution of the position data for given periods of time in question.
  • a change in the position of a periodically repeating position data curve or a deviation from the aligned basic position indicates a fundamental error in the machine and thus offers the possibility of assessing the operating state of the machine.
  • a fundamental deviation can be attributed to several causes, such as an inclined roller or an inclined cylinder within the machine.
  • the frequency of periodically repeating position data allows conclusions to be drawn about the belt speed, which must be related to the belt length. Interfering influences from the rollers and cylinders of the machine also occur with a period that can be recorded in the position data. A change in the frequency of a periodic course that can be recognized in the position data gives an indication of a lasting change in the operating state of the machine.
  • a change in the surface integral under the curve of the position data curve allows the detection of a change in the operating state of the machine in such a way that a reduction in the surface integral can be associated with a reduction in the actuating force acting on the strip guiding roller, ie the part influencing the strip running, or an increase in the Counterforce that counteracts this force.
  • the actuating force can be reduced, for example from a leak in a pneumatic actuator or a pressure drop.
  • FIG. 2c shows the course of the position data in the case of a high actuating force and a low counterforce in the curve diagram.
  • the area integral has a certain value that hardly changes with the repetitive course of the position data.
  • FIG. 2d shows a curve which occurs approximately when a leak causes a reduction in the actuating force in comparison to FIG. 2c. It should be noted here that the frequency of the repetitive position data does not change.
  • the distribution of the position data allows statements to be made about the extent of the regulating movement of the part influencing the belt run (or the belt tension) and thus about the operating state of the machine.
  • Fig. 2a the ideal state is shown in the curve diagram, in which the tape guiding roller is no longer moved after a skew value maintaining the straight running has been set.
  • all position data values therefore have exactly one value.
  • FIG. 2b A normally occurring control process is shown in FIG. 2b;
  • the curve diagram shows the control movement oscillating around the basic position ("center") with a small amplitude, which can also be seen in the distribution diagram.
  • the position data are in a narrow range around the value of the basic position ("center”) and occur frequently in the two maximum values of the control movement.
  • FIG. 2c shows the course and the distribution of position data of an excessive control movement.
  • the accumulated maximum values occur at a relatively large distance from the basic position of the belt guide roller, as can be seen from a comparison of the distribution diagram in FIGS. 2b and 2c.
  • the low occurrence of position data in the The intermediate range between the maximum values indicates a sufficient actuating force of the control loop.
  • FIG. 2d shows a distribution diagram in which, in addition to the accumulated position data at the maximum values, position data also occur in the intermediate area. Similar to the case of the surface integral, this distribution allows conclusions to be drawn about the quality of the control loop or more precisely the resulting actuating force and thus the operating status of the machine.
  • a change in the distribution of the position data for predetermined periods of time also permits a comparable conclusion and offers the possibility of detecting a change in the operating state.
  • this possibility of recognizing a change in the operating state of a machine is first further explained with regard to the distribution of the position data in certain defined time periods.
  • the periods of time in question are each a predetermined period of time, over which position data are acquired, stored and subjected to processing which determines the distribution of the position data.
  • the straight running of the endless belt is not adversely affected in an ideally working and aligned machine.
  • the belt run is not regulated, so that the movement sensor 10 detects no movement of the bearing 3 or the roller 2.
  • the distribution of the position data is therefore constant from time period to time period and has only one value, as shown in the distribution diagram in FIG. 2a.
  • the belt run deviates from the ideal straight run and is controlled by the belt run controller, i.e. an inclination of the roller 2 or a displacement of the bearing 3 corrected.
  • the movement of the bearing 3 is detected by the movement sensor 10 and the position data of the bearing movement are continuously stored in the storage device 15b.
  • there is a pendulum movement around a basic position which does not necessarily have to coincide with the basic position perpendicular to the tape running direction, as can be seen from FIG. 3c or 3d. If the distribution of the position data over a period of time that is substantially larger than the period of the pendulum movement is now considered, the distribution of the position data from period to period is almost constant.
  • the distributions determined for the respective time period are also stored continuously, but at least periodically at larger time intervals.
  • the processing device 15 compares as a characteristic value, for example, the distribution of the position data of the respective current time period with the immediately preceding time period and recognizes, by determining a change in the distribution of the position data that goes beyond a predetermined amount, a lasting but short-term influence on the tape run due to changing influences of the above As a result, the processing device 15 is able to recognize sustainable but relatively short-term changes in the machine state and to display these changes in the machine state via the display unit 15c.
  • the processing device 15 can also carry out a comparison of position data distributions of time segments that are at a greater time interval. If the two compared distributions of the position data deviate from one another by a predetermined amount, then the processing device 15 detects a change in the machine operating state which has a lasting and long-term effect on the belt run. In this case too, the processing device 15 displays the long-term change in the machine operating state via the display unit 15c.
  • the processing device 15 can determine a periodicity inherent in the position data on the basis of the position data stored in the storage unit 15b and can recognize a change in the operating state of the machine on the basis of a change in the period.
  • the processing device 15 also displays this change in the operating state of the machine via the display unit 15c.
  • the periodic course of the position data that occurs in most cases and whose period T is identified in FIGS. 2b, 2c and 2d can be recognized directly.
  • period T of the stored position data does not correspond to a value specified by the belt speed and belt length, but if the period T is in the immediate vicinity of this value, this fact indicates a belt speed that deviates from the nominal belt speed.
  • period T of the stored position data of a harmonic of the rotational frequency of other rollers or cylinders in the machine can be concluded that these machine parts are tilted.
  • period T of the course of the stored position data changes, this change indicates a change in the operating state of the machine.
  • the change in period T can be periodic or aperiodic. In both cases, the processing device 15 is able to recognize the change in the operating state of the machine and display it via the display unit 15c.
  • the period T 'of the change can also be determined by the processing device 15, which allows further conclusions to be drawn about the cause of the changed belt run and thus the operating state of the machine.
  • the processing device In order to determine suitable periods of time that are used for determining the distribution of the position data, the processing device generally starts from the determination of the period of a periodic position data course, as shown in FIG. 2b, and sets a value, preferably as a time period of at least 10T.
  • a non-continuous, i.e. Periodic storage of the distribution of the position data determined for a time period should be selected in even larger steps related to the period T, preferably from 100T.
  • the processing device 15 use the position of the position data in relation to the basic position of the belt guider roller or the area integral under the curve of the position data to identify the operating state of the machine and changes in the operating state, as already mentioned above.
  • an angle encoder can be used, provided that the linear motion of the bearing 2 is converted into a rotary motion by a suitable mechanism or a rotary motion is detected which corresponds to the motion of the belt run influencing part of the tape controller.
  • Inductive motion sensors of the type described are preferred on account of the almost unlimited resolution, but other sensors can also be used as long as their resolving power allows a sufficiently precise determination of the movement of the part influencing the tape travel, i.e. in the above example, the inclination of the roller 2 enables.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a device for monitoring and testing the operating state of a machine which exhibits an endless belt, the running of which belt is regulated by means of a belt running regulator and/or the belt tension of which is regulated by means of a belt tension regulator. To be able to draw conclusions on the operating state of the machine, the machine comprises a sensor for detecting the position of the machine part influencing belt running or a belt tension, a read-out device and an A/D converter for converting the analogue position signal into digital position data and a processing device with computer unit, memory unit and display unit for storing and processing the position data for determining characteristic values which are inherent in the position data and allow information to be obtained on the operating state. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung und Prüfung des Betriebszustandes einer ein endloses Band aufweisenden Maschine.The present invention relates to a device for monitoring and checking the operating state of a machine having an endless belt.

In zahlreichen industriellen Anwendungen werden Endlosbänder als Transport- und/oder Trägereinrichtungen, aber auch Bearbeitungseinrichtungen für herzustellende Produkte eingesetzt. Diese Bänder werden im allgemeinen über eine oft große Anzahl von Walzen geführt, durch eine geeignete Antriebseinrichtung in Bewegung versetzt bzw. gehalten und mittels Spanneinrichtungen gespannt. Anhand der Anwendung derartiger Endlosbänder bei der Papierherstellung werden im folgenden Probleme beispielhaft geschildert, die beim Einsatz von Endlosbändern auftreten; die gleichen oder ähnliche Probleme treten aber auch bei anderen industriellen Anwendungen derartiger Endlosbänder auf.In numerous industrial applications, endless belts are used as transport and / or carrier devices, but also processing devices for products to be manufactured. These belts are generally guided over a frequently large number of rollers, set in motion or held by a suitable drive device and tensioned by means of tensioning devices. Using the use of such endless belts in papermaking, problems which occur when using endless belts are described below as examples; the same or similar problems also occur in other industrial applications of such endless belts.

Eine Produktionslinie zur Papierherstellung besteht im allgemeinen aus mehreren abgegrenzten Abschnitten, nämlich einer Siebpartie, einer Pressenpartie, einer Trockenpartie und einem Glättwerk bzw. einer Schlußgruppe. In der Sieb-, Pressen- und Trockenpartie werden die eingangs genannten endlosen Bänder in unterschiedlicher Ausgestaltung eingesetzt. So handelt es sich bei der Siebpartie um ein endloses umlaufendes Siebband, auf das an der Oberseite die Papierbahn über einen Stoffauflauf aufgebracht wird und das die Papierbahn trägt, weitertransportiert und dabei entwässert. Die Papierbahn wird von der Siebpartie weitergegeben an die Pressenpartie, in der ein endloses Filzband vorgesehen ist zur Aufnahme und Beseitigung weiterer Wasseranteile aus der Papierbahn. Ferner wird in der Pressenpartie die Papierbahn mit Hilfe mehrerer Preßwalzen und weiterer Preßfilz-Endlosbänder gepreßt. In der sich daran anschließenden Trockenpartie wird die Papierbahn über dampfbeheizte Walzen geführt und mit Trockenfilz-Endlosbändern in Kontakt gebracht, um auf die zulässige Restfeuchte getrocknet zu werden. Die in der Pressenpartie und der Trockenpartie vorgesehenen Endlosbänder dienen ebenfalls dem Transport und der Stützung, aber auch der Behandlung der Papierbahn und können je nach Anwendungsfall aus unterschiedlichen Materialien hergestellt sein.A production line for paper manufacture generally consists of several delimited sections, namely a wire section, a press section, a dryer section and a smoothing unit or a closing group. In the wire, press and dryer section, the endless belts mentioned in the introduction are used in different configurations. For example, the wire section is an endless rotating wire belt onto which the paper web is applied at the top via a headbox and that carries the paper web, transports it and drains it. The paper web is passed on from the wire section to the press section, in which an endless felt belt is provided for taking up and removing further water components from the paper web. Furthermore, the paper web is pressed in the press section with the aid of several press rolls and further press felt endless belts. In the subsequent drying section, the paper web is passed over steam-heated rollers and brought into contact with endless drying felt belts in order to be dried to the permissible residual moisture. The endless belts provided in the press section and the dryer section also serve for transport and support, but also for the treatment of the paper web and can be made of different materials depending on the application.

Die Endlosbänder bei der Papierherstellung haben teilweise beträchtliche Abmessungen; Breiten bis zu 10 Meter sind keine Seltenheit. Auch die Laufgeschwindigkeit der Bänder ist in einigen Fällen sehr hoch und erreicht Werte bis zu 2000 m/min. Um einen gleichförmigen Bandlauf zu gewährleisten und ein Auswandern des Bandes, das auf mehrere Ursachen zurückgehen kann, zu verhindern, ist ein Bandlaufregler, wie er beispielsweise aus FR-A-2 323 810 bekannt ist, vorgesehen, der aus einer verstellbaren Walze besteht, die sich wie eine der Antriebs-, Führungs- oder sonstigen Walzen der Bandführung quer zum Endlosband erstreckt und die in Bezug auf die senkrechte Ausrichtung zur Bandlängsrichtung schräg gestellt werden kann.The endless belts in papermaking sometimes have considerable dimensions; Widths up to 10 meters are not uncommon. The running speed of the belts is also very high in some cases and reaches values of up to 2000 m / min. In order to ensure a uniform belt run and to prevent the belt from migrating, which can be caused by several reasons, a belt run controller, as is known for example from FR-A-2 323 810, is provided, which consists of an adjustable roller which extends like one of the drive, guide or other rollers of the belt guide transversely to the endless belt and which can be inclined with respect to the vertical alignment to the longitudinal direction of the belt.

Um die Schrägstellung der Walze des Bandlaufreglers zu ermöglichen ist das eine Walzenlager um eine senkrecht zur Rotationsachse der Walze verlaufende Achse drehbar und das andere Walzenlager parallel zur Bandlaufrichtung linear verschiebbar ausgestaltet. Wird dieses Lager verschoben, wird die Walze in einer Schwenkbewegung um das drehbar gelagerte Lager zur Bandlaufrichtung verstellt. Auf das Band wirken aufgrund der Schrägstellung dann Kräfte, die das Band in eine durch die Schrägstellung vorgegebene Richtung bewegen, so daR der Geradeauslauf des Endlosbandes beeinflußt bzw. ein Verlaufen des Bandes aufgrund anderer Störungen ausgeglichen werden kann.In order to enable the roller of the belt run controller to be inclined, the one roller bearing can be rotated about an axis running perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the roller, and that other roller bearings designed to be linearly displaceable parallel to the direction of strip travel. If this bearing is moved, the roller is moved in a swiveling movement around the rotatably mounted bearing in relation to the direction of belt travel. Due to the inclined position, forces then act on the belt, which move the belt in a direction predetermined by the inclined position, so that the straight running of the endless belt is influenced or a running of the belt can be compensated for due to other disturbances.

Die Verstellung der Bandlaufreglerwalze erfolgt kontinuierlich mit Hilfe eines Regelkreises, der den Bandlauf über einen Abtaster an der Kante des Bandes erfaßt und eine Verschiebung des verschiebbaren Lagers bewirkt, um den Bandlauf entsprechend einer Vorgabe auszuregeln. Für die Bewegung des verschiebbaren Lagers der Bandlaufreglerwalze werden verschiedene Antriebseinheiten, wie etwa hydraulische, pneumatische, elektromagnetische oder elektromotorische Systeme eingesetzt. Die bekannten Bandlaufregler sorgen durch Schrägstellung der Bandlaufreglerwalze für eine Ausrichtung des Bandlaufes, der vom idealen Geradeauslauf des Bandes aufgrund zahlreicher Einflüsse abweichen kann.The adjustment of the tape guide roller is carried out continuously with the aid of a control circuit, which detects the tape run via a scanner on the edge of the tape and causes the displaceable bearing to be displaced in order to adjust the tape run according to a specification. Various drive units, such as hydraulic, pneumatic, electromagnetic or electromotive systems, are used for the movement of the slidable bearing of the belt guide roller. The well-known belt guiding system ensures that the belt guiding is aligned by inclining the belt guiding roller, which can deviate from the ideal straight running of the belt due to numerous influences.

Einflüsse, die den Geradeauslauf des Endlosbandes beeinträchtigen, gehen in den meisten Fällen von schrägstehenden Walzen in der das Endlosband aufweisenden Maschine aus. Denn die Ausrichtung der Walzen ist angesichts der Größe der Transport-, Bearbeitungs- und Antriebswalzen in z.B. einer Produktionsstraße zur Papierherstellung nicht derart exakt durchzuführen, daR die Walzen vollständig parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind und während des Betriebes bleiben. Aber auch Fehler innerhalb des Bandes, die bei der Herstellung des Endlosbandes, bei dessen Lagerung oder im Laufe des Betriebs auftreten können, führen dazu, daß aufgrund unterschiedlicher Spannungen in Bandquerrichtungen sich eine das Band in Querrichtung verschiebende Kraft aufbaut, die den Geradeauslauf des Bandes störend beeinflußt.In most cases, influences that impair the straight running of the endless belt come from inclined rollers in the machine having the endless belt. Because the size of the transport, processing and drive rollers in a production line for paper production, for example, the alignment of the rollers cannot be carried out so precisely that the rollers are completely parallel to one another and remain in operation. But there are also errors within the band that occur during the production of the Continuous belt, which can occur during storage or in the course of operation, lead to the fact that due to different tensions in the belt transverse direction, a force is displaced which displaces the belt in the transverse direction and which interferes with the straight running of the belt.

Ferner sind während des Betriebs auch die übrigen Produktionsbedingungen, insbesondere beim Beispiel der Papierherstellung, geeignet, sich nachteilig auf den Geradeauslauf der Preßfilz-Endlosbänder oder der Trockenfilz-Endlosbänder auszuwirken. So ist beispielsweise eine ungleichmäßige Feuchte-, Gewichts- oder Dickenverteilung der Papierbahn in einer Richtung quer zur Bandlaufrichtung in der Lage, den Geradeauslauf des Bandes zu beeinflussen. Eine ungleichmäßige Feuchtigkeitsverteilung sorgt für eine unterschiedliche Bandspannung, wie etwa auch eine unterschiedliche Gewichtsverteilung, wohingegen eine unterschiedliche Dickenverteilung aufgrund der beim Ablauf auftretenden längeren Wege eine allmähliche Verschiebung des Bandes und damit eine Abweichung vom Geradeauslauf bewirkt.Furthermore, during operation, the other production conditions, in particular in the example of paper production, are also suitable for having a disadvantageous effect on the straight running of the press felt endless belts or the dry felt endless belts. For example, an uneven moisture, weight or thickness distribution of the paper web in a direction transverse to the tape running direction is able to influence the straight running of the tape. An uneven moisture distribution causes a different band tension, such as a different weight distribution, whereas a different thickness distribution causes a gradual shift of the band due to the longer distances that occur during the process, and thus a deviation from straight running.

Diese Abweichungen vom Geradeauslauf werden zwar mit Hilfe von Bandlaufreglern ausgeglichen, so daß der Produktionsprozeß fortgesetzt werden kann. Jedoch stellt die Ausregelung des Geradeauslaufs eine nicht unerhebliche Belastung des Bandes dar, die zu einer Verkürzung der Standzeit führt. Angesichts der teils erheblichen Kosten für die Endlosbänder, insbesondere bei der Papierherstellung, aber auch angesichts der Produktionsunterbrechung, die bei jedem Wechsel eines Endlosbandes erforderlich ist, besteht ein Interesse an der grundlegenden Beseitigung der den Gradeauslauf des Endlosbandes störenden Einflüsse. Jedoch ist bislang keine Möglichkeit bekannt, dieser Forderung gerecht zu werden, da keine zuverlässigen Aussagen über den Betriebszustand der Maschine gemacht werden konnten.These deviations from straight running are compensated for with the help of belt guiders, so that the production process can be continued. However, the regulation of the straight running represents a not inconsiderable load on the belt, which leads to a shortening of the service life. In view of the sometimes considerable costs for the endless belts, in particular in the paper production, but also in view of the production interruption which is required each time an endless belt is changed, there is an interest in the fundamental elimination of the influences which disturb the gradual run-out of the endless belt. However, none is yet Possibility known to meet this requirement, since no reliable statements about the operating state of the machine could be made.

Ähnliche Überlegungen betreffen einen Bandspannungsregler, der in der Art des Bandlaufreglers die Bandspannung des Endlosbandes ausregelt. Auch hier führen die oben geschilderten und andere Einflüsse zu einer Störung der Bandspannung, deren Ursachen bislang nicht auf einfache Weise erkennbar waren.Similar considerations relate to a belt tension controller, which adjusts the belt tension of the endless belt in the manner of the belt guider. Here, too, the above-described and other influences lead to a disturbance in the belt tension, the causes of which could not previously be easily identified.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die eine Überwachung und Prüfung des Betriebszustandes einer ein Endlosband aufweisenden Maschine mit zumindest einem Bandlaufregler ermöglicht.The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device which enables monitoring and testing of the operating state of a machine having an endless belt with at least one belt guider.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved by a device having the features of patent claim 1. Further advantageous configurations result from the subclaims.

Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß der Bandlauf bzw. die Bandspannung bei einer ein Endlosband aufweisenden Maschine eine aussagekräftige Größe darstellt, die Rückschlüsse auf den Betriebszustand der Maschine erlaubt. Ferner wird erfindungsgemäß auf die Bewegung des den Bandlauf bzw. die Bandspannung beeinflussenden Teils des Bandlauf- bzw. Bandspannungsreglers abgestellt.The invention is based on the finding that the belt travel or the belt tension in a machine having an endless belt represents a meaningful quantity which allows conclusions to be drawn about the operating state of the machine. Furthermore, according to the invention, the movement of the part of the strip travel or strip tension regulator influencing the strip run or the strip tension is used.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichenungen näher erläutert, in denen zeigt:

Fig.1
ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, und
Fig.2a,2b,2c und 2d
beispielhafte Verläufe und Verteilungen von gespeicherten Positionsdaten, die durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung erfaßt und gespeichert werden.
The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment and with reference to the drawings, in which:
Fig. 1
an embodiment of the device according to the invention, and
Fig.2a, 2b, 2c and 2d
exemplary courses and distributions of stored position data, which are recorded and stored by the device according to the invention.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im folgenden in Bezug auf einen Bandlaufregler geschildert; jedoch ist die Erfindung in dieser oder einer entsprechend angepaßten Ausführungsform auch an einem Bandspannungsregler einsetzbar.An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to a tape guider; however, the invention in this or a correspondingly adapted embodiment can also be used on a belt tension regulator.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch die Walze und das linear verschiebbare Lager eines Bandlaufreglers für ein Endlosband 1, ohne daß der gesamte Regelkreis für den Geradeauslauf des Endlosbandes in allen Einzelheiten dargestellt ist. Die Walze 2 ist an dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ende der Walzenwelle im Lager 3 gelagert, das in der durch A gekennzeichneten Richtung linear verschiebbar ist. Aus einer senkrecht zur Bandlaufrichtung verlaufenden Grundstellung kann die Walze 2 durch Verschieben des Lagers 3 und einer damit einhergehenden Schwenkung der Walze um das in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellte Lager in Bezug auf die Grundstellung schräggestellt werden, um im Fall von den Geradeauslauf störenden Einflüssen den Geradeauslauf des Endlosbandes wiederherzustellen. Das Lager 3 wird mit Hilfe einer geeigneten Antriebseinrichtung 4, beispielsweise einer pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Kolben-/Zylinderanordnung oder eines elektrischen Spindelantriebs als Teil des Regelkreises angetrieben und verschoben. Das Lager 3 gleitet dazu in der schematischen Darstellung der Fig. 1 entlang der Ebene E. Die Antriebseinrichtung 4 wird von einer Reglereinrichtung 5 angesteuert, die mit Hilfe eines Abtasters 6 die Bewegung der Kante des Endlosbandes 1 und damit den Bandlauf erfaßt.Fig. 1 shows schematically the roller and the linearly displaceable bearing of a belt controller for an endless belt 1, without the entire control loop for the straight running of the endless belt is shown in all details. The roller 2 is mounted at the end of the roller shaft shown in FIG. 1 in the bearing 3, which is linearly displaceable in the direction indicated by A. From a basic position running perpendicular to the direction of belt travel, the roller 2 can be inclined with respect to the basic position by displacing the bearing 3 and an associated pivoting of the roller about the bearing not shown in FIG to restore the endless belt. The bearing 3 is part of the control circuit with the aid of a suitable drive device 4, for example a pneumatic or hydraulic piston / cylinder arrangement or an electric spindle drive driven and postponed. For this purpose, the bearing 3 slides in the schematic representation of FIG. 1 along the plane E. The drive device 4 is controlled by a controller device 5, which detects the movement of the edge of the endless belt 1 and thus the belt run with the aid of a scanner 6.

In Fig. 1 ist ferner die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung dargestellt, die bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel einen Bewegungssensor 10 umfaßt, der die Bewegung des Lagers 3 auf der Grundlage der Relativbewegung zwischen dem Lager 3 und der Ebene E erfaßt und der hier unabhängig vom Bandlaufregler bzw. dessen Regelkreis vorgesehen ist. Die getrennte Anordnung des Bewegungssensors 10 bringt eine erhöhte Auflösung der erfaßten Bewegung und der so gewonnenen Positionsdaten. Jedoch kann die Bewegung der Bandlaufreglerwalze auch über eine geeignete Größe des Regelkreises erfaßt werden.In Fig. 1, the device according to the invention is also shown, which in this embodiment comprises a motion sensor 10, which detects the movement of the bearing 3 on the basis of the relative movement between the bearing 3 and the plane E and which is independent of the tape guider or its control loop is provided. The separate arrangement of the movement sensor 10 brings an increased resolution of the detected movement and the position data obtained in this way. However, the movement of the tape guide roller can also be detected via a suitable size of the control loop.

In dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich bei dem Bewegungssensor 10 um einen linearen Weggeber, der etwa auf induktive Weise die Position des Lagers 3 erfaßt und in eine elektrische oder elektrisch erfaßbare Größe umsetzt. Der Bewegungssensor 10 umfaßt dazu ein unbewegtes stangenartiges Element 11 aus einem geeigneten Material, das in den Innenraum von (nicht dargestellten) Spulen hineinreicht, die im Gehäuse 12 des Sensors 10 fest angeordnet sind. Das Gehäuse 12 des Sensors ist mit dem Lager 3 starr verbunden, so daß es und damit die im Gehäuse enthaltenen Spulen der Bewegung des Lagers folgt. In Abhängigkeit von der Verschiebung des Lagers in der durch A gekennzeichneten Richtung ändert sich demnach die Eintauchtiefe des stangenartigen Elements 11 in die im Gehäuse 12 enthaltenen Spulen, so daß deren elektrisches Verhalten entsprechend verändert wird. Selbstverständlich ist eine Anordnung des Gehäuses 12 in ortsfestem Verhältnis zur Ebene E und eine Befestigung des stangenartigen Elements 11 am Lager 3 ebenso geeignet, die Bewegung des Lagers 3 mit Hilfe des Bewegungssensors 10 zu erfassen.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the motion sensor 10 is a linear displacement sensor, which detects the position of the bearing 3 approximately in an inductive manner and converts it into an electrically or electrically detectable variable. For this purpose, the motion sensor 10 comprises an immovable rod-like element 11 made of a suitable material, which extends into the interior of coils (not shown) which are fixedly arranged in the housing 12 of the sensor 10. The housing 12 of the sensor is rigidly connected to the bearing 3 so that it and thus the coils contained in the housing follow the movement of the bearing. Depending on the displacement of the bearing in the direction indicated by A, the immersion depth of the rod-like element 11 changes accordingly in the coils contained in the housing 12, so that their electrical behavior is changed accordingly. Of course, an arrangement of the housing 12 in a fixed relationship to the plane E and a fastening of the rod-like element 11 on the bearing 3 are also suitable for detecting the movement of the bearing 3 with the aid of the motion sensor 10.

Die sich entsprechend der Verschiebung des Lagers 3 ändernden Eigenschaften der im Gehäuse 12 vorgesehenen Spulen werden mit Hilfe einer Ausleseeinheit 13 erfaßt, die dazu mit den Spulen im Inneren des Gehäuses 12 verbunden ist, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt. Die Ausleseeinheit 13 umfaßt einen (nicht dargestellten) Schwingschaltkreis, der die Induktivität der im Gehäuse 12 angeordneten Spulen zur Erzeugung eines Signals heranzieht, das der Induktivität der Spulen entspricht und sich damit entsprechend der Bewegung des Lagers 3 ändert.The properties of the coils provided in the housing 12, which change in accordance with the displacement of the bearing 3, are detected with the aid of a read-out unit 13 which is connected to the coils in the interior of the housing 12, as shown in FIG. 1. The read-out unit 13 comprises an oscillation circuit (not shown) which uses the inductance of the coils arranged in the housing 12 to generate a signal which corresponds to the inductance of the coils and thus changes in accordance with the movement of the bearing 3.

Die Ausleseeinheit 13 erfaßt somit mit Hilfe des Bewegungssensors 10 die lineare Verschiebung, d.h. die momentane Position des Lagers 3, die während des den Geradeauslauf des Bandes sicherstellenden Regelvorgangs auftritt. Die Ausleseeinheit 13 gibt ein analoges Signal an einen A/D-Wandler 14 ab, das der momentanen Position des Lagers 3 in Bezug auf eine Grundposition relativ zur Ebene E entspricht. Die Bewegung des Lagers 3 entspricht der Bewegung der Walze 2, die den Bandlauf beeinflußt, so daR letztlich die Position des den Bandlauf beeinflussenden Teils des Bandlaufreglers erfaßt wird. Auf entsprechende Weise kann die Position des die Bandspannung beeinflussenden Teils des Bandspannungsreglers erfaßt werden.The readout unit 13 thus detects the linear displacement, i.e. the current position of the bearing 3, which occurs during the control process ensuring the straight running of the belt. The read-out unit 13 outputs an analog signal to an A / D converter 14, which corresponds to the current position of the bearing 3 with respect to a basic position relative to the plane E. The movement of the bearing 3 corresponds to the movement of the roller 2, which influences the strip travel, so that ultimately the position of the part of the strip guide regulator influencing the strip travel is detected. The position of the part of the strip tension regulator influencing the strip tension can be detected in a corresponding manner.

Der A/D-Wandler 14 wandelt die analogen Signale der Ausleseeinheit 13 in digitale Positionsdaten um und gibt diese an eine Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 ab. Die an die Verabeitungseinrichtung 15 übertragenen Positiondaten haben zeitliche Verläufe, wie in den Fig. 2a, 2b, 2c und 2d beispielhaft dargestellt. In den Fig. 2a bis 2d sind links jeweils Kurvenverläufe der Positionsdaten und rechts die weiter unten erläuterten Verteilungsdiagramme dargestellt. Bei den Kurvenverläufen entspricht die waagerechte Achse des Diagramms der Zeitachse, die senkrechte Achse des Diagramms der Größe des einzelnen Positionswerts. Bei den Verteilungsdiagrammen entspricht die waagerechte Achse des Diagramms dem Positionswert, die senkrechte Achse der Häufigkeit des Auftretens des jeweiligen Positionswertes. In den Figuren 2b, 2c und 2d ist der Positionswert der Grundstellung der Bandlaufreglerwalze durch "Mitte" gekennzeichnet.The A / D converter 14 converts the analog signals from the Readout unit 13 into digital position data and delivers this to a processing device 15. The position data transmitted to the processing device 15 have temporal profiles, as exemplified in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d. 2a to 2d each show curve profiles of the position data on the left and the distribution diagrams explained below on the right. For the curves, the horizontal axis of the diagram corresponds to the time axis, the vertical axis of the diagram corresponds to the size of the individual position value. In the case of the distribution diagrams, the horizontal axis of the diagram corresponds to the position value, the vertical axis to the frequency of the occurrence of the respective position value. In FIGS. 2b, 2c and 2d, the position value of the basic position of the strip guiding roller is identified by "center".

Die Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 umfaßt bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Rechnereinheit 15a, eine Speichereinheit 15b und eine Anzeigeeinheit 15c. Erfindungsgemäß verarbeitet die Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 die momentanen Positionsdaten derart, daß die momentanen Positionsdaten jeweils in der Speichereinheit 15b abgespeichert werden und aus den gespeicherten Positionsdaten innewohnenden charakteristischen Werten der Betriebszustand der Maschine bestimmt wird. Insbesondere kann aus einer Veränderung der charakteristischen Werte eine Veränderung des Betriebszustandes bestimmt werden.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the processing device 15 comprises a computer unit 15a, a memory unit 15b and a display unit 15c. According to the invention, the processing device 15 processes the current position data in such a way that the current position data are each stored in the storage unit 15b and the operating state of the machine is determined from the stored characteristic data in the characteristic values. In particular, a change in the operating state can be determined from a change in the characteristic values.

Als charakteristische Werte, die den gespeicheren Positionsdaten innewohnen, kommen insbesondere die Lage die Positionsdaten in Bezug auf die ausgerichtete Grundstellung der Bandlaufreglerwalze, die Frequenz sich periodisch wiederholender Positionsdaten, das Flächenintegral unter der Kurve des Verlaufs der Positionsdaten und die Verteilung der Positionsdaten für vorgegebene Zeitabschnitte in Frage.The characteristic values that are inherent in the stored position data include, in particular, the position of the position data in relation to the aligned basic position of the belt guide roller, the frequency of periodically repeating position data, that is Area integral under the curve of the course of the position data and the distribution of the position data for given periods of time in question.

Eine Veränderung der Lage eines sich periodisch wiederholenden Positionsdatenverlaufs bzw. eine Abweichung von der ausgerichteten Grundstellung weist auf einen grundsätzlichen Fehler in der Maschine hin und bietet so die Möglichkeit, den Betriebszustand der Maschine zu beurteilen. Eine grundsätzliche Abweichung kann auf mehrere Ursachen zurückgeführt werden, wie etwa eine schrägstehende Walze oder einen schrägstehenden Zylinder innerhalb der Maschine.A change in the position of a periodically repeating position data curve or a deviation from the aligned basic position indicates a fundamental error in the machine and thus offers the possibility of assessing the operating state of the machine. A fundamental deviation can be attributed to several causes, such as an inclined roller or an inclined cylinder within the machine.

Die Frequenz sich periodisch wiederholender Positionsdaten erlaubt Rückschlüsse auf die Bandgeschwindigkeit, die in Beziehung zu setzen ist mit der Bandlänge. Auch störende Einflüsse von Walzen und Zylindern der Maschine treten mit einer Periode auf, die in den Positionsdaten erfaßbar ist. Eine Veränderung der Frequenz eines in den Positionsdaten erkennbaren periodischen Verlaufs gibt einen Hinweis auf eine nachhaltige Veränderung des Betriebszustandes der Maschine.The frequency of periodically repeating position data allows conclusions to be drawn about the belt speed, which must be related to the belt length. Interfering influences from the rollers and cylinders of the machine also occur with a period that can be recorded in the position data. A change in the frequency of a periodic course that can be recognized in the position data gives an indication of a lasting change in the operating state of the machine.

Eine Veränderung des Flächenintegrals unter der Kurve des Positionsdatenverlaufs erlaubt die Erkennung einer Veränderung des Betriebszustandes der Maschine derart, daß eine Verkleinerung des Flächenintegrals in Verbindung gebracht werden kann mit einer Reduzierung der Stellkraft, die auf die Bandlaufreglerwalze d.h. des den Bandlauf beeinflussenden Teils oder eine Erhöhung der Gegenkraft, die dieser Stellkraft entgegenwirkt. Eine Reduzierung der Stellkraft kann hervorgehen, z.B. aus einer Undichtigkeit bei einem pneumatischen Stellglied oder einem Druckabfall.A change in the surface integral under the curve of the position data curve allows the detection of a change in the operating state of the machine in such a way that a reduction in the surface integral can be associated with a reduction in the actuating force acting on the strip guiding roller, ie the part influencing the strip running, or an increase in the Counterforce that counteracts this force. The actuating force can be reduced, for example from a leak in a pneumatic actuator or a pressure drop.

Eine erhöhte Gegenkraft kann durch verklemmende oder verkantende Lager oder Verunreinigungen hervorgerufen werden. In Fig. 2c ist im Kurvendiagramm der Verlauf der Positionsdaten für den Fall einer hohen Stellkraft und einer geringen Gegenkraft dargestellt. Das Flächenintegral hat einen bestimmten Wert, der sich bei dem wiederholenden Verlauf der Positionsdaten nahezu nicht ändert. In Fig. 2d ist ein Kurvenverlauf gezeigt, der etwa dann auftritt, wenn eine Undichtigkeit eine Reduzierung der Stellkraft im Vergleich zu Fig. 2c bewirkt. Zu bemerken ist hier, daß sich die Frequenz der sich wiederholenden Positionsdaten nicht ändert.An increased counterforce can be caused by jammed or tilted bearings or contamination. 2c shows the course of the position data in the case of a high actuating force and a low counterforce in the curve diagram. The area integral has a certain value that hardly changes with the repetitive course of the position data. FIG. 2d shows a curve which occurs approximately when a leak causes a reduction in the actuating force in comparison to FIG. 2c. It should be noted here that the frequency of the repetitive position data does not change.

Die Verteilung der Positionsdaten erlaubt Aussagen über den Umfang der Regelbewegung des den Bandlauf (oder die Bandspannung) beeinflussenden Teils und damit über den Betriebszustand der Maschine. In Fig. 2a ist im Kurvendiagramm der Idealzustand gezeigt, bei dem die Bandlaufreglerwalze nicht mehr bewegt wird, nachdem ein den Geradeauslauf aufrecht erhaltender Schrägstellungswert eingestellt wurde. Im Verteilungsdiagramm liegen daher alle Positionsdatenwerte bei genau einem Wert. In Fig. 2b ist ein normalerweise auftretender Regelvorgang gezeigt; aus dem Kurvendiagramm geht die um die Grundstellung ("Mitte") pendelnde Regelbewegung mit kleiner Amplitude hervor, die auch im Verteilungsdiagramm erkennbar ist. Die Positionsdaten liegen in einem engen Bereich um den Wert der Grundstellung ("Mitte") und treten gehäuft in den beiden Maximalwerten der Regelbewegung auf. In Fig. 2c ist der Verlauf und die Verteilung von Positionsdaten einer zu großen Regelbewegung dargestellt. Die gehäuften Maximalwerte treten in relativ großem Abstand zur Grundstellung der Bandlaufreglerwalze auf, wie sich aus einem Vergleich des Verteilungsdiagramms der Figuren 2b und 2c ergibt. Das geringe Auftreten von Positionsdaten im Zwischenbereich zwischen den Maximalwerten weist auf eine ausreichende Stellkraft des Regelkreises hin. Demgegenüber zeigt Fig. 2d ein Verteilungsdiagramm, bei dem neben den gehäuften Positionsdaten an den Maximalwerten auch Positionsdaten im Zwischenbereich auftreten. Ähnlich wie im Fall des Flächenintegrals erlaubt diese Verteilung Rückschlüsse auf die Qualität des Regelkreises oder genauer der resultierenden Stellkraft und damit auf den Betriebszustand der Maschine.The distribution of the position data allows statements to be made about the extent of the regulating movement of the part influencing the belt run (or the belt tension) and thus about the operating state of the machine. In Fig. 2a the ideal state is shown in the curve diagram, in which the tape guiding roller is no longer moved after a skew value maintaining the straight running has been set. In the distribution diagram, all position data values therefore have exactly one value. A normally occurring control process is shown in FIG. 2b; The curve diagram shows the control movement oscillating around the basic position ("center") with a small amplitude, which can also be seen in the distribution diagram. The position data are in a narrow range around the value of the basic position ("center") and occur frequently in the two maximum values of the control movement. 2c shows the course and the distribution of position data of an excessive control movement. The accumulated maximum values occur at a relatively large distance from the basic position of the belt guide roller, as can be seen from a comparison of the distribution diagram in FIGS. 2b and 2c. The low occurrence of position data in the The intermediate range between the maximum values indicates a sufficient actuating force of the control loop. In contrast, FIG. 2d shows a distribution diagram in which, in addition to the accumulated position data at the maximum values, position data also occur in the intermediate area. Similar to the case of the surface integral, this distribution allows conclusions to be drawn about the quality of the control loop or more precisely the resulting actuating force and thus the operating status of the machine.

Auch eine Änderung der Verteilung der Positionsdaten für vorgegebene Zeitabschnitte läßt einen vergleichbaren Rückschluß zu und bietet die Möglichkeit der Erkennung einer Veränderung des Betriebszustandes. Im folgenden wird diese Möglichkeit der Erkennung einer Veränderung des Betriebszustandes einer Maschine zunächst im Hinblick auf die Verteilung der Positionsdaten in bestimmten festgelegten Zeitabschnitten weiter erläutert.A change in the distribution of the position data for predetermined periods of time also permits a comparable conclusion and offers the possibility of detecting a change in the operating state. In the following, this possibility of recognizing a change in the operating state of a machine is first further explained with regard to the distribution of the position data in certain defined time periods.

Bei den angesprochenen Zeitabschnitten handelt es sich jeweils um eine vorgegebene Zeitspanne, über die hinweg Positionsdaten erfaßt, abgespeichert und einer die Verteilung der Positionsdaten ermittelnden Verarbeitung unterzogen werden.The periods of time in question are each a predetermined period of time, over which position data are acquired, stored and subjected to processing which determines the distribution of the position data.

Wie bereits erwähnt wird bei einer ideal arbeitenden und ausgerichteten Maschine der Geradeauslauf des Endlosbandes nicht störend beeinflußt. Eine Regelung des Bandlaufes findet nicht statt, so daR der Bewegungssensor 10 keine Bewegung des Lagers 3 bzw. der Walze 2 erfaßt. Von Zeitabschnitt zu Zeitabschnitt ist daher die Verteilung der Positionsdaten konstant und weist nur einen Wert auf, wie im Verteilungsdiagramm in Fig.2a dargestellt.As already mentioned, the straight running of the endless belt is not adversely affected in an ideally working and aligned machine. The belt run is not regulated, so that the movement sensor 10 detects no movement of the bearing 3 or the roller 2. The distribution of the position data is therefore constant from time period to time period and has only one value, as shown in the distribution diagram in FIG. 2a.

Aufgrund der eingangs geschilderten Einflüsse auf den Bandlauf weicht der Bandlauf vom idealen Geradeauslauf ab und wird durch den Bandlaufregler, d.h. eine Schrägstellung der Walze 2 bzw. ein Verschieben des Lagers 3 ausgeregelt. Die Bewegung des Lagers 3 wird vom Bewegungssensor 10 erfaßt und die Positionsdaten der Lagerbewegung kontinuierlich in der Speichereinrichtung 15b abgespeichert. Im allgemeinen ergibt sich eine Pendelbewegung um eine Grundposition, die nicht unbedingt mit der Grundstellung senkrecht zur Bandlaufrichtung übereinstimmen muß, wie aus Fig. 3c oder 3d hervorgeht. Wird nun die Verteilung der Positionsdaten über einen Zeitabschnitt hinweg betrachtet, der wesentlich größer als die Periode der Pendelbewegung ist, ergibt sich dennoch eine nahezu gleichbleibende Verteilung der Positionsdaten von Zeitabschnitt zu Zeitabschnitt.Due to the influences on the belt run described at the beginning, the belt run deviates from the ideal straight run and is controlled by the belt run controller, i.e. an inclination of the roller 2 or a displacement of the bearing 3 corrected. The movement of the bearing 3 is detected by the movement sensor 10 and the position data of the bearing movement are continuously stored in the storage device 15b. In general, there is a pendulum movement around a basic position, which does not necessarily have to coincide with the basic position perpendicular to the tape running direction, as can be seen from FIG. 3c or 3d. If the distribution of the position data over a period of time that is substantially larger than the period of the pendulum movement is now considered, the distribution of the position data from period to period is almost constant.

Die für den jeweiligen Zeitabschnitt ermittelten Verteilungen werden kontinuierlich, zumindest aber periodisch in größeren zeitlichen Abständen ebenfalls abgespeichert.The distributions determined for the respective time period are also stored continuously, but at least periodically at larger time intervals.

Die Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 vergleicht als charakteristischen Wert beispielsweise die Verteilung der Positionsdaten des jeweils aktuellen Zeitabschnitts mit dem unmittelbar vorangegangenen Zeitabschnitt und erkennt durch Feststellen einer über ein vorgegebenes Maß hinausgehenden Veränderung der Verteilung der Positionsdaten eine nachhaltige, aber kurzfristige Beeinflussung des Bandlaufes aufgrund sich ändernder Einflüsse der oben geschilderten Art. Die Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 ist dadurch in der Lage, nachhaltige, aber relativ kurzfristige Änderungen des Maschinenzustandes zu erkennen und diese Änderungen des Maschinenzustandes über die Anzeigeeinheit 15c anzuzeigen.The processing device 15 compares as a characteristic value, for example, the distribution of the position data of the respective current time period with the immediately preceding time period and recognizes, by determining a change in the distribution of the position data that goes beyond a predetermined amount, a lasting but short-term influence on the tape run due to changing influences of the above As a result, the processing device 15 is able to recognize sustainable but relatively short-term changes in the machine state and to display these changes in the machine state via the display unit 15c.

Aufgrund der vollständig oder in längeren Zeitschritten periodisch abgespeicherten Verteilungen von Positionsdaten kann die Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 ferner einen Vergleich von Positionsdatenverteilungen von Zeitabschnitten durchführen, die einen größeren zeitlichen Abstand aufweisen. Weichen die beiden verglichenen Verteilungen der Positionsdaten über ein vorgegebenes Maß voneinander ab, so erkennt die Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 eine den Bandlauf nachhaltig und langfristig beeinflussende Veränderung des Maschinenbetriebszustandes. Auch in diesem Fall zeigt die Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 über die Anzeigeeinheit 15c die langfristige Veränderung des Maschinenbetriebszustandes an.On the basis of the distributions of position data that are stored periodically or in longer time steps, the processing device 15 can also carry out a comparison of position data distributions of time segments that are at a greater time interval. If the two compared distributions of the position data deviate from one another by a predetermined amount, then the processing device 15 detects a change in the machine operating state which has a lasting and long-term effect on the belt run. In this case too, the processing device 15 displays the long-term change in the machine operating state via the display unit 15c.

Ferner kann, wie bereits oben erwähnt, die Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 auf der Grundlage der in der Speichereinheit 15b gespeicherten Positonsdaten eine den Positionsdaten innewohnene Periodizität bestimmen und aufgrund einer Veränderung der Periode eine Veränderung des Betriebszustandes der Maschine erkennen. Auch diese Veränderung des Betriebszustandes der Maschine zeigt die Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 über die Anzeigeeinheit 15c an. In den in den Fig.2b, 2c und 2d gezeigten Darstellungen des Verlaufs der Positionsdaten ist der in den meisten Fällen auftretende, periodische Verlauf der Positionsdaten unmittelbar erkennbar, dessen Periode T in den Figuren 2b, 2c und 2d gekennzeichnet ist.Furthermore, as already mentioned above, the processing device 15 can determine a periodicity inherent in the position data on the basis of the position data stored in the storage unit 15b and can recognize a change in the operating state of the machine on the basis of a change in the period. The processing device 15 also displays this change in the operating state of the machine via the display unit 15c. In the representations of the course of the position data shown in FIGS. 2b, 2c and 2d, the periodic course of the position data that occurs in most cases and whose period T is identified in FIGS. 2b, 2c and 2d can be recognized directly.

Entspricht die Periode T der abgespeicherten Positionsdaten nicht einem durch Bandgeschwindigkeit und Bandlänge vorgegebenen Wert, liegt die Periode T aber in unmittelbarer Nähe dieses Wertes, weist dieser Umstand auf eine von der Sollbandgeschwindigkeit abweichende Bandgeschwindigkeit hin. Entspricht die Periode T der abgespeicherten Positonsdaten einer Harmonischen der Umlauffrequenz anderer Walzen oder Zylinder in der Maschine, kann auf eine Schrägstellung dieser Maschinenteile geschlossen werden.If the period T of the stored position data does not correspond to a value specified by the belt speed and belt length, but if the period T is in the immediate vicinity of this value, this fact indicates a belt speed that deviates from the nominal belt speed. Corresponds to the period T of the stored position data of a harmonic of the rotational frequency of other rollers or cylinders in the machine, can be concluded that these machine parts are tilted.

Ändert sich die Periode T des Verlaufs der abgespeicherten Positionsdaten, weist diese Veränderung auf eine Veränderung des Betriebszustandes der Maschine hin. Die Veränderung der Periode T kann periodisch oder aperiodisch sein. In beiden Fällen ist die Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 in der Lage, die Veränderung des Betriebszustandes der Maschine zu erkennen und über die Anzeigeeinheit 15c anzuzeigen.If the period T of the course of the stored position data changes, this change indicates a change in the operating state of the machine. The change in period T can be periodic or aperiodic. In both cases, the processing device 15 is able to recognize the change in the operating state of the machine and display it via the display unit 15c.

Im Fall einer periodischen Veränderung kann ferner die Periode T' der Veränderung durch die Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 bestimmt werden, was weitere Rückschlüsse auf die Ursache des veränderten Bandlaufes und damit den Betriebszustand der Maschine erlaubt.In the case of a periodic change, the period T 'of the change can also be determined by the processing device 15, which allows further conclusions to be drawn about the cause of the changed belt run and thus the operating state of the machine.

Zur Bestimmung geeigneter Zeitabschnitte, die für die Bestimmung der Verteilung der Positionsdaten herangezogen werden, geht die Verarbeitungsvorrichtung in der Regel von der Bestimmung der Periode eines periodischen Positionsdatenverlaufes, wie etwa in Fig. 2b dargestellt, aus und legt als Zeitabschnitt einen darauf bezogenen Wert, vorzugsweise von zumindest 10T fest. Für eine nicht kontinuierliche, d.h. periodisch durchgeführte Abspeicherung der für einen Zeitabschnitt ermittelten Verteilung der Positionsdaten sind Zeitabschnitte in noch größeren auf die Periode T bezogenen Schritten, vorzugsweise von 100T zu wählen.In order to determine suitable periods of time that are used for determining the distribution of the position data, the processing device generally starts from the determination of the period of a periodic position data course, as shown in FIG. 2b, and sets a value, preferably as a time period of at least 10T. For a non-continuous, i.e. Periodic storage of the distribution of the position data determined for a time period should be selected in even larger steps related to the period T, preferably from 100T.

Auf ähnliche Weise kann die Verarbeitungseinrichtung 15 die Lage der Positionsdaten in Bezug auf die Grundstellung der Bandlaufreglerwalze oder das Flächenintegral unter der Kurve der Positionsdaten zur Erkennung des Betriebszustandes der Maschine und von Veränderungen des Betriebszustandes, wie bereits oben erwähnt, heranziehen.In a similar manner, the processing device 15 use the position of the position data in relation to the basic position of the belt guider roller or the area integral under the curve of the position data to identify the operating state of the machine and changes in the operating state, as already mentioned above.

Anstelle des gezeigten linearen Bewegungssensors 10, dessen Erfassungsbereich auf bestimmte maximale Weglängen beschrankt ist, kann ein Winkelgeber verwendet werden, sofern durch eine geeignete Mechanik die lineare Bewegung des Lagers 2 in eine Drehbewegung umgesetzt wird oder eine Drehbewegung erfaßt wird, die der Bewegung des den Bandlauf beeinflußenden Teils des Bandlaufregelers entspricht.Instead of the linear motion sensor 10 shown, the detection range of which is limited to certain maximum path lengths, an angle encoder can be used, provided that the linear motion of the bearing 2 is converted into a rotary motion by a suitable mechanism or a rotary motion is detected which corresponds to the motion of the belt run influencing part of the tape controller.

Induktive Bewegungssensoren der geschilderten Art sind aufgrund der nahezu unbegrenzten Auflösung zu bevorzugen, jedoch können auch andere Sensoren eingesetzt werden, solange deren Auflösungsvermögen eine ausreichend genaue Bestimmung der Bewegung des den Bandlauf beeinflußenden Teils, d.h. im obigen Beispiel die Schrägstellung der Walze 2 ermöglicht.Inductive motion sensors of the type described are preferred on account of the almost unlimited resolution, but other sensors can also be used as long as their resolving power allows a sufficiently precise determination of the movement of the part influencing the tape travel, i.e. in the above example, the inclination of the roller 2 enables.

Claims (17)

  1. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine which comprises an endless belt of which the belt travel is regulated by means of a belt travel regulator and/or of which the belt tension is regulated by means of a belt tension regulator, with
    - a sensor (10) which detects the instantaneous position of the component (2) which influences belt travel or belt tension and converts it to a quantity capable of being read out,
    - a read-out device (13) which is connected to the sensor (10), for reading out the quantity corresponding to the instantaneous position in analogue signals,
    characterised by
    - an analogue-to-digital converter device (14) which is connected to the read-out device (13), for converting the analogue signals to digital position data of the instantaneous position of the component (2) which influences belt travel or belt tension, and
    - a processing device (15) which includes at least one computer unit (15a), a memory unit (15b) and a display unit (15c) and which is connected to the analogue-to-digital converter device (14), for processing the instantaneous position data, such that
    a) the instantaneous position data are stored in each case in the memory unit (15b),
    b) characteristic values which are inherent in the stored position data are defined and
    c) with the aid of the characteristic values the operating condition of the machine can be detected.
  2. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the processing device (15) processes the stored position data in such a way that the situation of the position data in relation to the normal position of the component which influences belt travel or belt tension is defined as the characteristic value.
  3. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the processing device (15) processes the stored position data in such a way that the period of repeating position data is defined as the characteristic value.
  4. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the processing device (15) processes the stored position data in such a way that the surface integral under the curve of the trend of the stored position data is defined as the characteristic value.
  5. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the processing device (15) processes the stored position data in such a way that the distribution of the position data is defined as the characteristic value.
  6. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to claim 5, characterised in that the processing device (15) processes the stored position data in such a way that the distribution of the position data for given time segments is defined as the characteristic value.
  7. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to claim 6, characterised in that the processing device (15) processes the stored position data in such a way that the distributions of the position data defined for given time segments are stored in the memory unit (15b).
  8. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to either of claims 6 or 7, characterised in that the time segments for defining the distribution of the position data include a multiple of the period of repeating position data.
  9. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the distributions of the position data of time segments which are separated in time are stored.
  10. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to claim 6, characterised in that the processing device (15) processes the stored position data in such a way that the distribution of the position data is defined continuously.
  11. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the processing device (15) processes the stored position data in such a way that the difference between maximum and minimum of position data is defined as the characteristic value.
  12. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the sensor (10) is arranged separately from the belt travel and/or belt tension regulator circuit on the component (2) which influences belt travel or belt tension.
  13. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the sensor (10) is a linear displacement pick-up.
  14. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the sensor (10) is an angle pick-up.
  15. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the sensor (10) is an inductively operating sensor in which an element which varies the inductance of a coil is provided movably relative to the coil and following the detected movement.
  16. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to claim 15, characterised in that the read-out device (13) is an oscillator circuit which includes the inductance of the inductively operating sensor (10) and which emits a signal corresponding to the inductance.
  17. Device for monitoring and testing the operating condition of a machine according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the analogue-to-digital converter device (14) is an eight-bit, twelve-bit or sixteen-bit analogue-to-digital converter.
EP92110143A 1991-06-19 1992-06-16 Control and analysis device Expired - Lifetime EP0519398B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4120234 1991-06-19
DE4120234A DE4120234A1 (en) 1991-06-19 1991-06-19 MONITORING AND TESTING DEVICE

Publications (2)

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EP0519398A1 EP0519398A1 (en) 1992-12-23
EP0519398B1 true EP0519398B1 (en) 1996-05-15

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EP92110143A Expired - Lifetime EP0519398B1 (en) 1991-06-19 1992-06-16 Control and analysis device

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EP (1) EP0519398B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE138132T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4120234A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI116399B (en) 2003-05-05 2005-11-15 Metso Paper Inc Method and arrangement for tensioning and controlling tissue in a paper or cardboard machine

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2540923B2 (en) * 1975-09-13 1978-01-12 EMA-Dörries GmbH, Elektronik-Maschinen-Apparatebau, 5190 Stolberg DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE TENSION OF AN ENDLESS FELT OR SCREEN IN PAPER MACHINES
EP0109799B1 (en) * 1982-11-12 1987-04-22 Adolph Coors Company Control stretch laminating device
DE3734427A1 (en) * 1987-10-12 1989-04-20 Sucker & Franz Mueller Gmbh Device and method for conveying a web of material

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EP0519398A1 (en) 1992-12-23
DE59206275D1 (en) 1996-06-20
DE4120234A1 (en) 1992-12-24
ATE138132T1 (en) 1996-06-15

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