EP0519283B1 - Portable container, particularly satchel - Google Patents

Portable container, particularly satchel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0519283B1
EP0519283B1 EP92109555A EP92109555A EP0519283B1 EP 0519283 B1 EP0519283 B1 EP 0519283B1 EP 92109555 A EP92109555 A EP 92109555A EP 92109555 A EP92109555 A EP 92109555A EP 0519283 B1 EP0519283 B1 EP 0519283B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connecting elements
elements
fittings
portable container
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92109555A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0519283A1 (en
Inventor
Günter Schneider
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0519283A1 publication Critical patent/EP0519283A1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45C—PURSES; LUGGAGE; HAND CARRIED BAGS
    • A45C3/00—Flexible luggage; Handbags
    • A45C3/02—Briefcases or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45C—PURSES; LUGGAGE; HAND CARRIED BAGS
    • A45C5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid luggage
    • A45C5/02—Materials therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45F—TRAVELLING OR CAMP EQUIPMENT: SACKS OR PACKS CARRIED ON THE BODY
    • A45F3/00—Travelling or camp articles; Sacks or packs carried on the body
    • A45F3/04—Sacks or packs carried on the body by means of two straps passing over the two shoulders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a portable container, in particular school bags, according to the preamble of claim 1 (DE-GM 78 32 178).
  • Portable containers such as satchels, briefcases, handbags, backpacks and the like are usually composed of a container part, a lid part and various fittings.
  • fittings are understood to mean corner and edge protection parts, carrying straps, clasp parts, anchors for supporting parts, such as handles and the like.
  • the various components of such a container are generally inseparably connected to one another by means of rivets or seams.
  • the various elements of a container usually consist of different materials, depending on the requirements for the function of the respective element.
  • Such a container has the advantage that it can be completely dismantled into its individual components, including the connecting elements.
  • the various components can be sorted according to their respective materials and then simply reprocessed or reused directly.
  • a separation according to different types of plastic is urgently required for reprocessing.
  • the easy separability of individual components of such a container also simplifies the replacement of spare parts.
  • FIG. 1 shows a school bag with a container part 10, a lid part, here a flap 20, fittings, namely lower edge protection part 31, upper edge protection part 32, buckle parts 33a, 33b, a handle 34, carrying straps 36, connecting elements 37 and a side pocket 40.
  • Container part 10 and flap 20 essentially form the satchel body. They usually consist of a plastic fabric (nylon) and are held together at the rear upper edge of the container part and at the rear lower edge of the flap 20 by means of releasable connecting elements 37.
  • nylon plastic fabric
  • Fig. 2 shows a box-shaped, rigid container part 10 'of the satchel according to Fig. 1 with reinforcing fittings 31' and 32 'and an anchor 35 for risers or shoulder straps.
  • a container part 10 ′′ with “fold above” according to FIG. 3 can also be used.
  • An edge protection 31 ′′ and an anchoring 35 ′′ for shoulder straps are also provided on this container part with fold 38.
  • the flap 20 shown in FIG. 4 can be fastened with its rear edge to the container part 10 by connecting elements 37.
  • Upper clasps 33a are provided on their front edge, with lower clasps 33b being attached to the container part 10 as counterparts.
  • a handle 34 is provided on the flap 20.
  • FIG. 6 shows various embodiments of these connecting elements 37 with further details.
  • One embodiment is formed as a screw 37a with a nut 37b or thread in the fitting part.
  • Another embodiment of the connecting element is designed as a bayonet lock with a bayonet pin 37c and a bayonet hole 37d, with two projections 37e on the bayonet pin 37c, offset by 180 °, engaging behind narrow points 37f of the bayonet hole 37d in the closed position (see FIG. 2).
  • bayonet holes can be used as recesses in fittings, e.g. B. the anchor 35 (Fig. 2) may be provided.
  • screws or bayonet pins 37g with high heads on the underside of the satchel can serve as floor gliders.
  • Floor gliders 39 can be provided on the lower edge protection parts 31 instead or in addition.
  • expansion elements 37h can be provided as connecting elements in the manner of expansion anchors.
  • Fig. 7 shows one Design in which two expansion elements 37k are integrally formed with a handle 34a.
  • plug-in connecting elements can also be formed in one piece with fittings etc.
  • the connecting elements 37 can serve alone or in cooperation with the closing plates 33a, 33b as closing elements for closing the lid part 20 with the container 10.
  • Such a connecting element can be handled with the fingers without tools.
  • the connecting elements 37 are made of plastic, such as polyethylene (PE).
  • PE polyethylene
  • the various fittings such as edge and corner reinforcements, handle reinforcements and the handle itself, clasps and the like are made of the same plastic as the connecting elements 37.
  • a satchel according to the invention can easily be dismantled into its components. Its components can be sorted according to their material and completely disposed of or recycled separately. By using a uniform plastic for all connecting elements and fittings, the sorting process and further processing are considerably simplified.
  • the school bag can be disassembled into its various components by the user without tools.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Purses, Travelling Bags, Baskets, Or Suitcases (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)

Abstract

In a portable container, particularly a satchel, with fittings, (31, 32, 33) for reinforcement, for anchoring closing and carrying parts and the like, releasable connecting elements (37) are exclusively provided, some for connecting the fittings to the container and some for connecting the parts of the container (10, 20) itself. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen tragbaren Behälter, insbesondere Schulranzen, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 (DE-GM 78 32 178).The invention relates to a portable container, in particular school bags, according to the preamble of claim 1 (DE-GM 78 32 178).

Tragbare Behälter, wie Schulranzen, Aktentaschen, Handtaschen, Rucksäcke und dergleichen setzen sich in der Regel aus einem Behälterteil, einem Deckelteil und diversen Beschlägen zusammen. Unter "Beschläge" sind im folgenden Ecken- und Kantenschutzteile, Tragriemen, Schließenteile, Verankerungen für Tragteile, wie Griffe und ähnliches verstanden. Die verschiedenen Bestandteile eines solchen Behälters sind in der Regel mittels Nieten oder Nähten unlösbar miteinander verbunden. Auch bestehen die verschiedenen Elemente eines Behälters je nach Anforderung an die Funktion des jeweiligen Elementes gewöhnlich aus unterschiedlichen Materialien.Portable containers such as satchels, briefcases, handbags, backpacks and the like are usually composed of a container part, a lid part and various fittings. In the following, "fittings" are understood to mean corner and edge protection parts, carrying straps, clasp parts, anchors for supporting parts, such as handles and the like. The various components of such a container are generally inseparably connected to one another by means of rivets or seams. The various elements of a container usually consist of different materials, depending on the requirements for the function of the respective element.

Bei solch einem Behälter tritt nun spätestens bei seiner Entsorgung oder bei dem Versuch, alle oder manche Bestandteile wieder zu verwerten, die Schwierigkeit auf, daß die einzelnen Bestandteile nicht vollständig von einander trennbar sind, und daß sowohl durch Rückstände z. B. von Verbindungselementen in abgetrennten Beschlägen oder an Behälterteil oder Deckelteil als auch durch die Materialvielfalt die Möglichkeiten zur Wiederverwertung stark beeinträchtigt sind.With such a container, the difficulty arises at the latest when it is disposed of or when trying to recycle all or some of the constituents, that the individual constituents cannot be completely separated from one another, and that both due to residues e.g. B. of fasteners in separate fittings or on container part or lid part and the variety of materials, the possibilities for recycling are severely impaired.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen tragbaren Behälter, insbesondere Schulranzen, zu schaffen, der in einfacher Weise vollständig in seine Bestandteile zerlegbar und sortierbar ist, um einfache Wiederverwertbarkeit und Wiederverwendbarkeit zu gewährleisten und gleichzeitig Lagerhaltung und Montage des Behälters zu vereinfachen.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a portable container, in particular a satchel, which can be dismantled and sorted completely in a simple manner in order to ensure simple reusability and reusability and at the same time simplify storage and assembly of the container.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen tragbaren Behälter nach Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a portable container according to claim 1.

Ein solcher Behälter hat den Vorteil, daß er vollständig in seine einzelnen Bestandteile, einschließlich der Verbindungselemente, zerlegt werden kann. Für eine Wiederverwertung können die verschiedenen Bestandteile nach ihren jeweiligen Materialien sortiert und dann einfach wiederaufbereitet oder direkt wiederverwendet werden. Insbesondere bei der Vielzahl von Kunststoffteilen, die heute vermehrt an solchen Behältern als Schutzteile, Schließen, Verankerungen etc. eingesetzt werden, ist eine solche Trennung nach verschiedenen Kunststoffsorten für eine Wiederaufbereitung dringend notwendig. Durch die leichte Trennbarkeit einzelner Bestandteile eines solchen Behälters ist auch der Austausch von Ersatzteilen wesentlich vereinfacht. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Such a container has the advantage that it can be completely dismantled into its individual components, including the connecting elements. For recycling, the various components can be sorted according to their respective materials and then simply reprocessed or reused directly. In particular with the large number of plastic parts that are increasingly used on such containers as protective parts, closures, anchors, etc., such a separation according to different types of plastic is urgently required for reprocessing. The easy separability of individual components of such a container also simplifies the replacement of spare parts. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung ist im folgenden anhand von Zeichnungen an Ausführungbeispielen mit weiteren Einzelheiten näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines Schulranzens nach der Erfindung,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung eines abgewandelten Behälterteils des Schulranzens,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung eines anderen Behälterteils eines Schulranzens nach der Erfindung,
Fig. 4
eine schematische Darstellung eines Deckelteils eines Schulranzens nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 5
eine Unteransicht des Behälterteils nach Fig. 2,
Fig. 6
Darstellungen verschiedener Verbindungselemente für einen Schulranzen nach der Erfindung.
Fig. 7
die Seitenansicht eines Griffes mit integrierten Verbindungselementen.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Fig. 1
is a schematic representation of a satchel according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of a modified Part of the school bag,
Fig. 3
1 shows a schematic representation of another container part of a satchel according to the invention,
Fig. 4
1 shows a schematic illustration of a cover part of a school bag according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 5
3 shows a bottom view of the container part according to FIG. 2,
Fig. 6
Representations of various connecting elements for a satchel according to the invention.
Fig. 7
the side view of a handle with integrated connecting elements.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Schulranzen mit einem Behälterteil 10, einem Deckelteil, hier einer Überschlagklappe 20, Beschlägen, nämlich unterem Kantenschutzteil 31, oberem Kantenschutzteil 32, Schließenteilen 33a, 33b, einem Griff 34, Traggurten 36, Verbindungselementen 37 und einer Seitentasche 40.1 shows a school bag with a container part 10, a lid part, here a flap 20, fittings, namely lower edge protection part 31, upper edge protection part 32, buckle parts 33a, 33b, a handle 34, carrying straps 36, connecting elements 37 and a side pocket 40.

Behälterteil 10 und Überschlagklappe 20 formen im wesentlichen den Schulranzenkörper. Sie bestehen in der Regel aus einem Kunststoffgewebe (Nylon) und sind am hinteren oberen Rand des Behälterteiles und am hinteren unteren Rand der Überschlagklappe 20 mittels lösbarer Verbindungselemente 37 zusammengehalten.Container part 10 and flap 20 essentially form the satchel body. They usually consist of a plastic fabric (nylon) and are held together at the rear upper edge of the container part and at the rear lower edge of the flap 20 by means of releasable connecting elements 37.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein kastenförmiges, starres Behälterteil 10' des Schulranzens nach Fig. 1 mit Verstärkungsbeschlägen 31' und 32' und einer Verankerung 35 für Traggurte oder Schulterriemen. Es ist auch ein Behälterteil 10'' mit "Falte oben" gemäß Fig. 3 einsetzbar. Auch an diesem Behälterteil mit Falte 38 sind ein Kantenschutz 31'' und eine Verankerung 35'' für Schulterriemen vorgesehen.Fig. 2 shows a box-shaped, rigid container part 10 'of the satchel according to Fig. 1 with reinforcing fittings 31' and 32 'and an anchor 35 for risers or shoulder straps. A container part 10 ″ with “fold above” according to FIG. 3 can also be used. An edge protection 31 ″ and an anchoring 35 ″ for shoulder straps are also provided on this container part with fold 38.

Die in Fig. 4 gezeigte Überschlagklappe 20 ist mit ihrem hinteren Rand durch Verbindungselemente 37 am Behälterteil 10 befestigbar. An ihrem vorderen Rand sind obere Schließen 33a vorgesehen, zu denen als Gegenstücke untere Schließen 33b am Behälterteil 10 angebracht sind. Des weiteren ist an der Überschlagklappe 20 ein Griff 34 vorgesehen. Die Fixierung von Deckelteil 20 am Behälterteil 10 und der verschiedenen Beschläge zur Verstärkung, zur Verankerung von Schließen- und Tragteilen und dergleichen an Behälterteil und Deckelteil wird mittels der Verbindungselemente 37 erreicht.The flap 20 shown in FIG. 4 can be fastened with its rear edge to the container part 10 by connecting elements 37. Upper clasps 33a are provided on their front edge, with lower clasps 33b being attached to the container part 10 as counterparts. Furthermore, a handle 34 is provided on the flap 20. The fixing of the lid part 20 to the container part 10 and the various fittings for reinforcement, for anchoring closing and supporting parts and the like to the container part and the lid part is achieved by means of the connecting elements 37.

In Fig. 6 sind verschiedenen Ausführungsformen dieser Verbindungselemente 37 mit weiteren Einzelheiten dargestellt. Eine Ausführungsform ist als Schraube 37a mit Mutter 37b oder Gewinde in dem Beschlagteil ausgeformt. Eine andere Ausführungsform des Verbindungselementes ist als Bajonettverschluß mit Bajonettstift 37c und Bajonettloch 37d ausgebildet, wobei in Schließlage zwei um 180° versetzte Vorsprünge 37e am Bajonettstift 37c hinter enge Stellen 37f des Bajonettloches 37d greifen (s. Fig. 2). Solche Bajonettlöcher können als Aussparungen in Beschlägen, z. B. der Verankerung 35 (Fig. 2), vorgesehen sein. Wie in Fig. 5 gezeigt, können Schrauben oder Bajonettstifte 37g mit hohen Köpfen an der Unterseite des Schulranzens als Bodengleiter dienen. Bodengleiter 39 können stattdessen oder zusätzlich an den unteren Kantenschutzteilen 31 vorgesehen sein.6 shows various embodiments of these connecting elements 37 with further details. One embodiment is formed as a screw 37a with a nut 37b or thread in the fitting part. Another embodiment of the connecting element is designed as a bayonet lock with a bayonet pin 37c and a bayonet hole 37d, with two projections 37e on the bayonet pin 37c, offset by 180 °, engaging behind narrow points 37f of the bayonet hole 37d in the closed position (see FIG. 2). Such bayonet holes can be used as recesses in fittings, e.g. B. the anchor 35 (Fig. 2) may be provided. As shown in Fig. 5, screws or bayonet pins 37g with high heads on the underside of the satchel can serve as floor gliders. Floor gliders 39 can be provided on the lower edge protection parts 31 instead or in addition.

Ferner können Spreizelemente 37h nach Art von Spreizdübeln als Verbindungselemente vorgesehen sein. Fig. 7 zeigt eine Ausführung, bei der zwei Spreizelemente 37k einstückig mit einem Griff 34a geformt sind. Selbstverständlich können solche oder andere steckbare Verbindungselemente auch mit Beschlägen etc. einstückig ausgebildet sein.Furthermore, expansion elements 37h can be provided as connecting elements in the manner of expansion anchors. Fig. 7 shows one Design in which two expansion elements 37k are integrally formed with a handle 34a. Of course, such or other plug-in connecting elements can also be formed in one piece with fittings etc.

Die Verbindungselemente 37 können allein oder im Zusammenwirken mit den Schließplatten 33a, 33b als Verschlußelemente zum Verschließen des Deckelteils 20 mit dem Behälter 10 dienen. Dafür eignet sich besonders ein Verbindungselement in Form eines Bajonettverschlusses, dessen Bajonettstift 37c durch ein Loch im Deckelteil 20 oder in der oberen Schließplatte 33b durchgesteckt ist und hinter ein Bajonettloch 37d des Behälterteils 10 und gegebenenfalls der unteren Schließplatte 33a greift. Ein solches Verbindungselement ist mit den Fingern ohne Werkzeug handhabbar.The connecting elements 37 can serve alone or in cooperation with the closing plates 33a, 33b as closing elements for closing the lid part 20 with the container 10. A connecting element in the form of a bayonet lock, the bayonet pin 37c of which is inserted through a hole in the cover part 20 or in the upper closing plate 33b and which engages behind a bayonet hole 37d of the container part 10 and optionally the lower closing plate 33a, is particularly suitable for this. Such a connecting element can be handled with the fingers without tools.

Die Verbindungselemente 37 sind aus Kunststoff, wie Polyäthylen (PE) gefertigt. Auch die verschiedenen Beschläge, wie Kanten- und Eckenverstärkungen, Griffverstärkungen und der Griff selbst, Schließen und dergleichen bestehen aus demselben Kunststoff wie die Verbindungselemente 37.The connecting elements 37 are made of plastic, such as polyethylene (PE). The various fittings such as edge and corner reinforcements, handle reinforcements and the handle itself, clasps and the like are made of the same plastic as the connecting elements 37.

Wegen der lösbaren Verbindungselemente 37 ist ein Schulranzen nach der Erfindung leicht in seine Bestandteile zerlegbar. Seine Bestandteile können nach ihrem Material sortiert und getrennt vollständig entsorgt bzw. wiederverwertet werden. Durch Verwenden eines einheitlichen Kunststoffes für alle Verbindungselemente und Beschläge sind der Sortiervorgang und die Weiterverarbeitung wesentlich vereinfacht. Der Schulranzen kann vom Benutzer selbst ohne Werkzeug in seine verschiedenen Bestandteile zerlegt werden.Because of the releasable connecting elements 37, a satchel according to the invention can easily be dismantled into its components. Its components can be sorted according to their material and completely disposed of or recycled separately. By using a uniform plastic for all connecting elements and fittings, the sorting process and further processing are considerably simplified. The school bag can be disassembled into its various components by the user without tools.

Claims (10)

  1. A portable container comprising a container part (10) and a lid part (20), more particularly a school satchel, with fittings for reinforcement and for anchoring locking and carrying elements and the like, and with connecting elements which connect at least some of the fittings to the container, characterised in that all the fittings are connected to the container via the connecting elements (37), in that the connections producible by means of the connecting elements (37) are releasable non-destructively and in that the connecting elements (37) themselves are constructed to be releasable from the parts of the container.
  2. A portable container according to claim 1, characterised in that all the connecting elements (37) are made from the same synthetic material.
  3. A portable container according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that all the connecting elements (37) and fittings (31, 32, 33, 34, 35) consist of the same synthetic material.
  4. A portable container according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the connecting elements (37) are constructed as screw and nut pairs (37a).
  5. A portable container according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the connecting elements (37) are constructed as a bayonet pin and bayonet hole part (37b, 37c).
  6. A portable container according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the connecting elements are constructed as push-in elements (37h).
  7. A portable container according to claim 6, characterised in that the push-in elements (37h) have openable ends (37i).
  8. A portable container according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the push-in elements (37h) are constructed in one piece with fittings, locking and/or carrying elements (34a).
  9. A portable container according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the container part (10) and the lid part (20) consist of different materials from the fittings and connecting elements (37).
  10. A portable container according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that some of the connecting elements (37d) are used as fastening elements between the basic container (10) and the lid part (20).
EP92109555A 1991-06-19 1992-06-05 Portable container, particularly satchel Expired - Lifetime EP0519283B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4120286A DE4120286A1 (en) 1991-06-19 1991-06-19 PORTABLE CONTAINER, PARTICULARLY SCHOOL BAGS
DE4120286 1991-06-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0519283A1 EP0519283A1 (en) 1992-12-23
EP0519283B1 true EP0519283B1 (en) 1995-04-19

Family

ID=6434316

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92109555A Expired - Lifetime EP0519283B1 (en) 1991-06-19 1992-06-05 Portable container, particularly satchel

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0519283B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE121276T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4120286A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19523092A1 (en) * 1995-06-26 1997-01-02 Rainer Martin Storage box for jewellery, especially rings
AU6989196A (en) * 1996-09-10 1998-04-02 Michael Buchner Roller-blade and roller-skate bag
FR2828391A1 (en) * 2001-08-08 2003-02-14 Eric Marcel Bruno Litzinger Backpack for carrying shopping has top flap fastened to pack by strips of hook-pile fastener and folds flat when not in use
AT501308B1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-09-15 Kubisz Rafael Fastening system for removable lid, has fastening units incorporated to fastening strip to form detachable connection, which holds lid provided with holes, where fastening units are attached to container and to strip

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2756089A1 (en) * 1977-12-16 1979-06-21 O S I P Fuer Edv & Buero Oswal Lidded container for storing and shipping data carriers - is of gFR plastics or hard foam and has strengthening edge strips
DE7832178U1 (en) * 1978-10-28 1979-02-15 Thorka Gmbh Thorsten H. Krause, 6452 Hainburg
DE7832176U1 (en) * 1978-10-28 1979-02-22 G.B. Boucherie, N.V., Izegem (Belgien) DRIVE MECHANISM FOR THE CAMSHAFT OF A FROSTMAKING MACHINE
DE8508150U1 (en) * 1985-03-19 1985-05-15 Thorka Gmbh Thorsten H. Krause, 6452 Hainburg Edge protection for school bags
DE8704754U1 (en) * 1987-03-31 1987-06-19 Walter Hebel Gmbh & Co, 5242 Kirchen Packaging
DE8716869U1 (en) * 1987-12-23 1988-03-24 Dewitz, Albrecht von, 7992 Tettnang Backpack
DE8801832U1 (en) * 1988-02-12 1988-03-24 Deuter AG, 8900 Augsburg Luggage bag
ATA191689A (en) * 1989-08-10 1990-07-15 Soucek Mildred PORTABLE CONTAINER MADE OF FLEXIBLE MATERIAL, PARTICULARLY WOMEN'S HANDBAG

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4120286A1 (en) 1992-12-24
DE59201955D1 (en) 1995-05-24
ATE121276T1 (en) 1995-05-15
DE4120286C2 (en) 1993-05-19
EP0519283A1 (en) 1992-12-23

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