EP0518786A1 - Electrical vacuum switch - Google Patents

Electrical vacuum switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0518786A1
EP0518786A1 EP92420187A EP92420187A EP0518786A1 EP 0518786 A1 EP0518786 A1 EP 0518786A1 EP 92420187 A EP92420187 A EP 92420187A EP 92420187 A EP92420187 A EP 92420187A EP 0518786 A1 EP0518786 A1 EP 0518786A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
cartridge
coil
electric switch
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92420187A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0518786B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Malkin
Roger Bolongeat-Mobleu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric SE
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Schneider Electric SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA, Schneider Electric SE filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0518786A1 publication Critical patent/EP0518786A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0518786B1 publication Critical patent/EP0518786B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6641—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings making use of a separate coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121—Load break switches
    • H01H33/122—Load break switches both breaker and sectionaliser being enclosed, e.g. in SF6-filled container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medium-voltage electric switch with an elongated cartridge under vacuum, in which is housed a pair of contacts extending axially inside the cartridge, and one of which, movable, is mounted with axial sliding.
  • said cartridge being closed at its ends by bottoms, at least one of which is metallic and comprises a central part electrically connected to one of said contacts, a current supply range arranged on the periphery of the bottom, a mechanically split coil and electrically integral with the bottom and connected between said area and the central part of the bottom to form a path of current travel in the form of a coil which generates an axial field in the contact separation zone.
  • French patent application No. 8916443 of 11.12.1989 of the applicant describes an electrical switch of the kind mentioned in which the current is cut off in the vacuum cartridge.
  • the axial magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the coil increases the breaking capacity of the cartridge by causing the arc to diffuse and avoiding any concentration of energy at a particular point.
  • This coil is coaxial with the cartridge and of flattened shape, and it can be constituted either by a conductor fixed by welding to said bottom, or be defined by a spiral groove cut in the mass, in this case in the thickness of the bottom on the internal face of the cartridge.
  • the electrical switch according to the invention is characterized in that the electrical resistance of the radial conductive path between said area and the central part, constituted by said bottom, is increased to divert an increased part of the current towards the whorl which generates the blowing field of the arc.
  • the invention is based on the observation that only the current flowing through the turn generates an axial magnetic field, the part of the current flowing through the radial path being unused or inactive.
  • the electrical resistance of the radial path is increased in order to derive most of the current in the coil which generates the blowing field of the arc.
  • the electrical resistance of the radial path can be increased in various ways, in particular by the elongation of this radial path, obtained by undulations of the bottom or by a slot, formed at the interface of the turn and the bottom.
  • the bottom arranged in an axial blowing coil has the advantage of protecting the junction point between the ceramic part constituting the cylindrical body of the bulb and the metal bottom, which point is protected by the external coil acting as a distribution screen. field.
  • the undulations or slot formed in the bottom give the latter a certain elasticity which dampens the transmission of shock impacts from the contacts to the ceramic part of the bulb.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for a circuit breaker electric with sealed enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride, in which the main contacts are housed, and in parallel the vacuum cartridge whose contacts constitute arcing contacts which open after the separation of the main contacts.
  • the invention will be described in this preferred application and the reader will advantageously refer to the aforementioned patent application for further details.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a vacuum interrupter circuit breaker according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial view on an enlarged scale of the bottom of the bulb according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the bottom according to FIG. 2.
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 2, illustrating an alternative embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 corresponds to that of the aforementioned French patent application, and the medium-voltage circuit breaker with a sealed enclosure 10 is recognized, the metal or insulating wall 12 of which may be that of an installation or station with gas insulation, or that of one pole or of the three poles of the circuit breaker.
  • the pole shown in Figure 1 has two sealed crossings 14,16 of conductors 18 of input and output 20 of the current, which terminate outside the enclosure 10 by pads 22 of connection and inside , respectively by a support 24 of a fixed main contact 26 and by a support 28 of a movable main contact 30, in the form of a knife pivotally mounted on a fixed axis 32.
  • the movable main contact 30 In the closed position, the movable main contact 30 is aligned , and in contact with the fixed main contact 26 to close the main circuit, constituted by the input conductor 18, the support 24, the fixed main contacts 26, and mobile 30, the support 28 and the output conductor 20.
  • the supports 24,28 are extended by arms 34 , 36 extending transversely and framing by their free ends a vacuum cartridge 38.
  • the cylindrical casing 40 of the cartridge 38 is closed in a leaktight manner at its two ends by metallic bottoms 42, 44, each mechanically connected and electrically at the free end of the associated arm 34.36.
  • the axis of the cartridge is substantially parallel to the main contacts 26.30 aligned in the closed position and a pair of elongated arcing contacts 46,48 is arranged coaxially in the cartridge 38.
  • the arcing contacts one of which 46 is fixed and integral with the bottom 42, and the other 48 of which is movable, each carries a contact piece 50 in the form of a disc.
  • the movable arcing contact 48 crosses with interposition of a sealing bellows the bottom 44 to which it is electrically connected. It is easy to see that the arms 34, 36, the bottoms 42, 44 and the arcing contacts 46, 48 with their contact pieces 50 abutted, form an auxiliary arcing circuit connected in parallel with the main contacts 26.30 .
  • a rotary control shaft 52 passes through the wall 12 and carries at its internal end a crank 54, connected on the one hand by an articulated rod 56 to the main knife 30 and on the other hand by a link 58 and a buttonhole 60 in contact with 'movable arc 48.
  • a buttonhole 60 formed in the rod 58, is slidably mounted a pin 62 carried by the crank 54 so as to constitute a dead-stroke connection urged in extension by a spring 65.
  • the mechanism is arranged to so that during an opening operation of the circuit breaker, controlled by a rotation of the shaft 52 clockwise, the movable main contact 30 opens first, the arcing contacts 46.48 remaining closed at first thanks to the dead race 60.62.
  • the current which passed through the main contacts 26.30 is switched in the arcing circuit without arcing on the main contacts 26.30.
  • a continued rotation of the shaft 52 causes the opening of the arcing contacts 46,48 and the final opening of the circuit breaker.
  • the closing operation controlled by a reverse rotation of the shaft 52, first closes the arcing contacts 46,48, then the main contacts 26,30.
  • the cylindrical casing 40 of the vacuum cartridge 38 is made of ceramic or glass with a smooth external surface, the axial length of which defines the critical vanishing line of the cartridge 38.
  • This axial length is determined as a function of the voltage, for ensure sufficient dielectric strength and this length is significantly less than that of a cartridge placed in the air. At medium voltage, this length is less than or close to 15 cm and the reduced size of the vacuum cartridge 38 facilitates its accommodation.
  • the contact parts 50 of the arcing contacts 46, 48 are made of a material with high resistivity, in particular refractory, such as tungsten, chromium or alloys of these metals, in order to increase their resistance to arcing.
  • the high resistivity of these materials is not a problem, since the permanent current is supported by the main contacts 26.30. This high resistivity even constitutes a notable advantage by reducing the currents induced in the contact parts 50.
  • the bottom 42 disposed on the side of the fixed arcing contact 46, comprises a plate-shaped part 66 and a slit turn 68 of large section, integral with the periphery of the plaque.
  • One 70 of the ends of the coil 68 is arranged in the current supply range, connected to the arm 34 and the other end 72 is connected to the central part or to the fixed contact 46.
  • the current brought by the arm 34 flows largely the coil or coil 68, only a small part passing through the plate 66.
  • the axial field ensures a diffusion of the arc and thus allows obtaining a high breaking capacity.
  • the plate 66 has corrugations 74 which increase the radial path of the current in the plate 66 between the periphery of the bottom 42 and the central part, and thus increase the electrical resistance of this radial path to favor the passage of current in the coil 68.
  • the corrugations 74 give the bottom 42 a certain elasticity capable of absorbing the shocks transmitted by the contacts to the cylindrical ceramic part 40 of the bulb.
  • the corrugations 74 are applicable to a bottom 42 having a coil 68 cut in the mass as shown in FIG. 2, as well as to a bottom carrying a coil 68 secured by welding or any other suitable means.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the length of the radial path is increased by a slot 76 made inside the coil 68.
  • This slot 76 requires a current hairpin path radially traversing the bottom 42 of the current supply range 70 towards the central part 46.
  • the invention has been described for a coil with a single turn, but it is clear that it is applicable to a coil with several turns.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

An electrical vacuum switch includes a coil (68) made in the metallic base (42) of the bulb (38). The metallic base (42) constitutes a contact current intake, this intake having a radial conducting path and a path forming a turn (68), which are electrically connected in parallel. So as to promote the flow of the current in the turn, which constitutes an axial magnetic blow-out coil, the base (42) has corrugations (74) or a slot (76) which lengthen the radial conducting path. …<IMAGE>…

Description

L'invention est relative à un interrupteur électrique moyenne tension à cartouche allongée sous vide, dans laquelle est logée une paire de contacts s'étendant axialement à l'intérieur de la cartouche, et dont l'un, mobile, est monté à coulissement axial, ladite cartouche étant obturée à ses extrémités par des fonds, dont au moins un est métallique et comporte une partie centrale connectée électriquement à l'un desdits contacts, une plage d'amenée de courant agencée sur la périphérie du fond, une spire fendue mécaniquement et électriquement solidaire du fond et connectée entre ladite plage et la partie centrale du fond pour former un trajet de parcours du courant en forme de bobine qui engendre un champ axial dans la zone de séparation des contacts.The invention relates to a medium-voltage electric switch with an elongated cartridge under vacuum, in which is housed a pair of contacts extending axially inside the cartridge, and one of which, movable, is mounted with axial sliding. , said cartridge being closed at its ends by bottoms, at least one of which is metallic and comprises a central part electrically connected to one of said contacts, a current supply range arranged on the periphery of the bottom, a mechanically split coil and electrically integral with the bottom and connected between said area and the central part of the bottom to form a path of current travel in the form of a coil which generates an axial field in the contact separation zone.

La demande de brevet français n° 8916443 du 11.12.1989 de la demanderesse décrit un interrupteur électrique du genre mentionné dans lequel la coupure du courant est réalisée dans la cartouche à vide. Le champ magnétique axial engendré par le courant parcourant la bobine augmente le pouvoir de coupure de la cartouche en provoquant une diffusion de l'arc et en évitant toute concentration d'énergie en un point particulier. Cette bobine est coaxiale à la cartouche et de forme aplatie, et elle peut être constituée soit par un conducteur fixé par soudage audit fond, ou être définie par un sillon spiroïdal taillé dans la masse, en l'occurrence dans l'épaisseur du fond sur la face interne à la cartouche.French patent application No. 8916443 of 11.12.1989 of the applicant describes an electrical switch of the kind mentioned in which the current is cut off in the vacuum cartridge. The axial magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the coil increases the breaking capacity of the cartridge by causing the arc to diffuse and avoiding any concentration of energy at a particular point. This coil is coaxial with the cartridge and of flattened shape, and it can be constituted either by a conductor fixed by welding to said bottom, or be defined by a spiral groove cut in the mass, in this case in the thickness of the bottom on the internal face of the cartridge.

Cet interrupteur connu donne satisfaction mais il s'est avéré intéressant d'accroître l'intensité du champ magnétique axial de soufflage de l'arc, et la présente invention a pour but de réaliser un tel accroissement en conservant la structure simple de l'ampoule.This known switch is satisfactory, but it has been found to be advantageous to increase the intensity of the axial magnetic field of blowing the arc, and the present invention aims to achieve such an increase while retaining the simple structure of the bulb. .

L'interrupeur électrique selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que la résistance électrique du trajet conducteur radial entre ladite plage et la partie centrale, constitué par ledit fond, est augmentée pour dériver une partie accrue du courant vers la spire qui engendre le champ de soufflage de l'arc.The electrical switch according to the invention is characterized in that the electrical resistance of the radial conductive path between said area and the central part, constituted by said bottom, is increased to divert an increased part of the current towards the whorl which generates the blowing field of the arc.

L'invention est basée sur la constatation que seul le courant parcourant la spire engendre un champ magnétique axial, la partie du courant parcourant le trajet radial étant inutilisée ou inactive.The invention is based on the observation that only the current flowing through the turn generates an axial magnetic field, the part of the current flowing through the radial path being unused or inactive.

Selon l'invention, la résistance électrique du trajet radial est augmentée afin de dériver la plus grande partie du courant dans la spire qui engendre le champ de soufflage de l'arc. La résistance électrique du trajet radial peut être augmentée de différentes manières, notamment par l'allongement de ce trajet radial, obtenu par des ondulations du fond ou par une fente, ménagée à l'interface de la spire et du fond.According to the invention, the electrical resistance of the radial path is increased in order to derive most of the current in the coil which generates the blowing field of the arc. The electrical resistance of the radial path can be increased in various ways, in particular by the elongation of this radial path, obtained by undulations of the bottom or by a slot, formed at the interface of the turn and the bottom.

Selon une autre variante de réalisation, comprenant une spire constituée par un conducteur électrique soudé au fond, il est possible d'utiliser des matériaux de résistivité différente, le matériau du fond étant de résistivité élevée pour favoriser le passage du courant à travers la spire. Toutes ces mesures sont bien entendu utilisées en combinaison avec une diminution maximale de l'épaisseur du fond afin de réduire au maximum la section de passage du courant selon le trajet radial, mais cette diminution est limitée par la résistance mécanique indispensable du fond de l'ampoule.According to another alternative embodiment, comprising a turn constituted by an electrical conductor soldered to the bottom, it is possible to use materials of different resistivity, the bottom material being of high resistivity to promote the passage of current through the turn. All these measures are of course used in combination with a maximum reduction in the thickness of the bottom in order to minimize the cross-section of the current along the radial path, but this reduction is limited by the essential mechanical resistance of the bottom of the bulb.

Le fond agencé en bobine de soufflage axial présente l'avantage d'une protection du point de jonction entre la partie céramique constituant le corps cylindrique de l'ampoule et le fond métallique, lequel point est protégé par la spire externe agissant en écran de répartition de champ. Les ondulations ou fente ménagées dans le fond confèrent à ce dernier une certaine élasticité qui amortit la transmission des chocs des contacts vers la partie céramique de l'ampoule.The bottom arranged in an axial blowing coil has the advantage of protecting the junction point between the ceramic part constituting the cylindrical body of the bulb and the metal bottom, which point is protected by the external coil acting as a distribution screen. field. The undulations or slot formed in the bottom give the latter a certain elasticity which dampens the transmission of shock impacts from the contacts to the ceramic part of the bulb.

L'invention est particulièrement appropriée à un disjoncteur électrique à enceinte étanche remplie d'hexafluorure de soufre, dans laquelle sont logés des contacts principaux, et en parallèle la cartouche à vide dont les contacts constituent des contacts d'arc qui s'ouvrent après la séparation des contacts principaux. L'invention sera décrite dans cette application préférentielle et le lecteur se reportera avantageusement à la demande de brevet précitée pour de plus amples détails.The invention is particularly suitable for a circuit breaker electric with sealed enclosure filled with sulfur hexafluoride, in which the main contacts are housed, and in parallel the vacuum cartridge whose contacts constitute arcing contacts which open after the separation of the main contacts. The invention will be described in this preferred application and the reader will advantageously refer to the aforementioned patent application for further details.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre, d'un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif et représenté aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows, of an embodiment of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting example and shown in the appended drawings in which:

La figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'un disjoncteur à ampoule sous vide selon l'invention.Figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a vacuum interrupter circuit breaker according to the invention.

La figure 2 est une vue partielle à échelle agrandie du fond de l'ampoule selon la figure 1.FIG. 2 is a partial view on an enlarged scale of the bottom of the bulb according to FIG. 1.

La figure 3 est une vue de dessous du fond selon la figure 2.FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the bottom according to FIG. 2.

La figure 4 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 2, illustrant une variante de réalisation.Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 2, illustrating an alternative embodiment.

La figure 1 correspond à celle de la demande de brevet français précitée, et on reconnait le disjoncteur moyenne tension à enceinte étanche 10, dont la paroi 12 métallique ou isolante peut être celle d'une installation ou d'un poste à isolation gazeuse, ou celle d'un pôle ou des trois pôles du disjoncteur. Le pôle représenté à la figure 1 comporte deux traversées étanches 14,16 de conducteurs 18 d'entrée et de sortie 20 du courant, qui se terminent à l'extérieur de l'enceinte 10 par des plages 22 de raccordement et à l'intérieur, respectivement par un support 24 d'un contact principal fixe 26 et par un support 28 d'un contact principal mobile 30, en forme de couteau monté à pivotement sur un axe fixe 32. En position de fermeture le contact principal mobile 30 est aligné, et au contact du contact principal fixe 26 pour fermer le circuit principal, constitué par le conducteur d'entrée 18, le support 24, les contacts principaux fixe 26, et mobile 30, le support 28 et le conducteur de sortie 20. Les supports 24,28 sont prolongés par des bras 34,36 s'étendant transversalement et encadrant par leurs extrémités libres une cartouche à vide 38. L'enveloppe cylindrique 40 de la cartouche 38 est obturée d'une manière étanche à ses deux extrémités par des fonds métalliques 42,44, chacun relié mécaniquement et électriquement à l'extrémité libre du bras associé 34,36. L'axe de la cartouche est sensiblement parallèle aux contacts principaux 26,30 alignés en position de fermeture et une paire de contacts d'arc allongés 46,48 est disposée coaxialement dans la cartouche 38. Les contacts d'arc, dont l'un 46 est fixe et solidaire du fond 42, et dont l'autre 48 est mobile, porte chacun une pièce de contact 50 en forme de disque. Le contact d'arc mobile 48 traverse avec interposition d'un soufflet d'étanchéité le fond 44 auquel il est relié électriquement. Il est facile de voir que les bras 34,36, les fonds 42,44 et les contacts d'arc 46,48 avec leur pièces de contact 50 aboutées, forment un circuit auxiliaire d'arc connecté en parallèle des contacts principaux 26,30.FIG. 1 corresponds to that of the aforementioned French patent application, and the medium-voltage circuit breaker with a sealed enclosure 10 is recognized, the metal or insulating wall 12 of which may be that of an installation or station with gas insulation, or that of one pole or of the three poles of the circuit breaker. The pole shown in Figure 1 has two sealed crossings 14,16 of conductors 18 of input and output 20 of the current, which terminate outside the enclosure 10 by pads 22 of connection and inside , respectively by a support 24 of a fixed main contact 26 and by a support 28 of a movable main contact 30, in the form of a knife pivotally mounted on a fixed axis 32. In the closed position, the movable main contact 30 is aligned , and in contact with the fixed main contact 26 to close the main circuit, constituted by the input conductor 18, the support 24, the fixed main contacts 26, and mobile 30, the support 28 and the output conductor 20. The supports 24,28 are extended by arms 34 , 36 extending transversely and framing by their free ends a vacuum cartridge 38. The cylindrical casing 40 of the cartridge 38 is closed in a leaktight manner at its two ends by metallic bottoms 42, 44, each mechanically connected and electrically at the free end of the associated arm 34.36. The axis of the cartridge is substantially parallel to the main contacts 26.30 aligned in the closed position and a pair of elongated arcing contacts 46,48 is arranged coaxially in the cartridge 38. The arcing contacts, one of which 46 is fixed and integral with the bottom 42, and the other 48 of which is movable, each carries a contact piece 50 in the form of a disc. The movable arcing contact 48 crosses with interposition of a sealing bellows the bottom 44 to which it is electrically connected. It is easy to see that the arms 34, 36, the bottoms 42, 44 and the arcing contacts 46, 48 with their contact pieces 50 abutted, form an auxiliary arcing circuit connected in parallel with the main contacts 26.30 .

Un arbre rotatif 52 de commande traverse la paroi 12 et porte à son extrémité interne une manivelle 54, reliée d'une part par une bielle articulée 56 au couteau principal 30 et d'autre part par une biellette 58 et une boutonnière 60 au contact d'arc mobile 48. Dans la boutonnière 60, ménagée dans la biellette 58, est monté à coulissement un tourillon 62 porté par la manivelle 54 de manière à constituer une liaison à course morte sollicitée en extension par un ressort 65. Le mécanisme est agencé de manière qu'au cours d'une manoeuvre d'ouverture du disjoncteur, commandée par une rotation de l'arbre 52 dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, le contact principal mobile 30 s'ouvre en premier, les contacts d'arc 46,48 restant en un premier temps fermés grâce à la course morte 60,62. Le courant qui passait par les contacts principaux 26,30 est commuté dans le circuit d'arc sans formation d'arc sur les contacts principaux 26,30. Une rotation poursuivie de l'arbre 52 provoque l'ouverture des contacts d'arc 46,48 et l'ouverture définitive du disjoncteur. La manoeuvre de fermeture, commandée par une rotation inverse de l'arbre 52, ferme en premier les contacts d'arc 46,48, puis les contacts principaux 26,30.A rotary control shaft 52 passes through the wall 12 and carries at its internal end a crank 54, connected on the one hand by an articulated rod 56 to the main knife 30 and on the other hand by a link 58 and a buttonhole 60 in contact with 'movable arc 48. In the buttonhole 60, formed in the rod 58, is slidably mounted a pin 62 carried by the crank 54 so as to constitute a dead-stroke connection urged in extension by a spring 65. The mechanism is arranged to so that during an opening operation of the circuit breaker, controlled by a rotation of the shaft 52 clockwise, the movable main contact 30 opens first, the arcing contacts 46.48 remaining closed at first thanks to the dead race 60.62. The current which passed through the main contacts 26.30 is switched in the arcing circuit without arcing on the main contacts 26.30. A continued rotation of the shaft 52 causes the opening of the arcing contacts 46,48 and the final opening of the circuit breaker. The closing operation, controlled by a reverse rotation of the shaft 52, first closes the arcing contacts 46,48, then the main contacts 26,30.

L'enveloppe cylindrique 40 de la cartouche à vide 38 est en céramique ou en verre avec une surface externe lisse, dont la longueur axiale définit la ligne de fuite critique de la cartouche 38. Cette longueur axiale est déterminée en fonction de la tension, pour assurer une tenue diélectrique suffisante et cette longueur est notablement inférieure à celle d'une cartouche placée dans l'air. En moyenne tension cette longueur est inférieure ou voisine de 15 cm et l'encombrement réduit de la cartouche à vide 38 facilite son logement.The cylindrical casing 40 of the vacuum cartridge 38 is made of ceramic or glass with a smooth external surface, the axial length of which defines the critical vanishing line of the cartridge 38. This axial length is determined as a function of the voltage, for ensure sufficient dielectric strength and this length is significantly less than that of a cartridge placed in the air. At medium voltage, this length is less than or close to 15 cm and the reduced size of the vacuum cartridge 38 facilitates its accommodation.

Les pièces de contact 50 des contacts d'arc 46,48 sont en un matériau à haute résistivité, notamment réfractaire, tel que la tungstène, le chrome ou des alliages de ces métaux, pour accroître leur tenue à l'arc. La forte résistivité de ces matériaux n'est pas gênante, puisque le courant permanent est pris en charge par les contacts principaux 26,30. Cette forte résistivité contitue même un avantage notable en réduisant les courants induits dans les pièces de contact 50.The contact parts 50 of the arcing contacts 46, 48 are made of a material with high resistivity, in particular refractory, such as tungsten, chromium or alloys of these metals, in order to increase their resistance to arcing. The high resistivity of these materials is not a problem, since the permanent current is supported by the main contacts 26.30. This high resistivity even constitutes a notable advantage by reducing the currents induced in the contact parts 50.

En se référant plus particulièrement aux figures 2 et 3 on voit que le fond 42, disposé du côté du contact d'arc fixe 46, comporte une partie en forme de plaque 66 et une spire 68 fendue de grande section, solidaire de la périphérie de la plaque. L'une 70 des extrémités de la spire 68 est agencée en plage d'amenée de courant, reliée au bras 34 et l'autre extrémité 72 est connectée à la partie centrale ou au contact fixe 46. Le courant amené par le bras 34 parcourt en grande partie la spire ou bobine 68, seule une faible part passant par la plaque 66. Le champ axial assure une diffusion de l'arc et permet ainsi l'obtention d'un pouvoir de coupure élevé. La plaque 66 présente des ondulations 74 qui augmentent le trajet radial du courant dans la plaque 66 entre la périphérie du fond 42 et la partie centrale, et augmentent ainsi la résistance électrique de ce trajet radial pour favoriser le passage du courant dans la bobine 68. Les ondulations 74 confèrent au fond 42 une certaine élasticité susceptible d'amortir les chocs, transmis par les contacts à la partie cylindrique en céramique 40 de l'ampoule.Referring more particularly to FIGS. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the bottom 42, disposed on the side of the fixed arcing contact 46, comprises a plate-shaped part 66 and a slit turn 68 of large section, integral with the periphery of the plaque. One 70 of the ends of the coil 68 is arranged in the current supply range, connected to the arm 34 and the other end 72 is connected to the central part or to the fixed contact 46. The current brought by the arm 34 flows largely the coil or coil 68, only a small part passing through the plate 66. The axial field ensures a diffusion of the arc and thus allows obtaining a high breaking capacity. The plate 66 has corrugations 74 which increase the radial path of the current in the plate 66 between the periphery of the bottom 42 and the central part, and thus increase the electrical resistance of this radial path to favor the passage of current in the coil 68. The corrugations 74 give the bottom 42 a certain elasticity capable of absorbing the shocks transmitted by the contacts to the cylindrical ceramic part 40 of the bulb.

Les ondulations 74 sont applicables à un fond 42 présentant une bobine 68 taillée dans la masse de la manière représentée sur la figure 2, ainsi qu'à un fond portant une bobine 68 solidarisée par soudage ou tout autre moyen approprié.The corrugations 74 are applicable to a bottom 42 having a coil 68 cut in the mass as shown in FIG. 2, as well as to a bottom carrying a coil 68 secured by welding or any other suitable means.

La figure 4 illustre une variante de réalisation dans laquelle la longueur du trajet radial est augmentée par une fente 76 ménagée à l'intérieur de la spire 68. Cette fente 76 impose un trajet en épingle à cheveux au courant parcourant radialement le fond 42 de la plage d'amenée de courant 70 vers la partie centrale 46.FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the length of the radial path is increased by a slot 76 made inside the coil 68. This slot 76 requires a current hairpin path radially traversing the bottom 42 of the current supply range 70 towards the central part 46.

Il est clair que l'allongement par ondulation 74 ou par fente 76 peuvent être combinés, les effets s'additionnant pour accroître la part du courant passant par la spire 68. Dans le cas d'une spire rapportée, il est également possible d'utiliser des matériaux de résistivité différente, en l'occurrence un matériau de forte résistivité pour la plaque de fond 66 et de faible résistivité pour la spire 68. Il est clair que la simplicité de l'ampoule selon la demande de brevet précitée est intégralement conservée tout en améliorant le pouvoir de coupure et la protection de la partie céramique de la cartouche.It is clear that the elongation by ripple 74 or by slot 76 can be combined, the effects adding up to increase the share of the current passing through the turn 68. In the case of an added turn, it is also possible to use materials of different resistivity, in this case a material with high resistivity for the bottom plate 66 and low resistivity for the coil 68. It is clear that the simplicity of the bulb according to the aforementioned patent application is fully preserved while improving the breaking capacity and the protection of the ceramic part of the cartridge.

L'invention a été décrite pour une bobine à une seule spire mais il est clair qu'elle est applicable à une bobine à plusieurs spires.The invention has been described for a coil with a single turn, but it is clear that it is applicable to a coil with several turns.

Claims (7)

Interrupteur électrique moyenne tension à cartouche allongée sous vide (38), dans laquelle est logée une paire de contacts (46,48) s'étendant axialement à l'intérieur de la cartouche (38), et dont l'un, mobile, est monté à coulissement axial, ladite cartouche étant obturée à ses extrémités par des fonds (42,44), dont au moins un (42) est métallique et comporte une partie centrale connectée électriquement à l'un desdits contacts (46,48), une plage d'amenée de courant agencée sur la périphérie du fond (42), une spire (68) fendue mécaniquement et électriquement solidaire du fond et connectée entre ladite plage (70) et la partie centrale (46) du fond pour former un trajet de parcours du courant en forme de bobine qui engendre un champ axial dans la zone de séparation des contacts, caractérisé en ce que la résistance électrique du trajet conducteur radial entre ladite plage (70)et la partie centrale (46), constitué par ledit fond (42), est augmentée pour dériver une partie accrue du courant vers la spire (68) qui engendre le champ de soufflage de l'arc.Medium voltage electric switch with elongated vacuum cartridge (38), in which is housed a pair of contacts (46,48) extending axially inside the cartridge (38), one of which is movable mounted for axial sliding, said cartridge being closed at its ends by bottoms (42,44), at least one of which (42) is metallic and comprises a central part electrically connected to one of said contacts (46,48), a current supply range arranged on the periphery of the bottom (42), a turn (68) split mechanically and electrically integral with the bottom and connected between said range (70) and the central part (46) of the bottom to form a path of current path in the form of a coil which generates an axial field in the contact separation zone, characterized in that the electrical resistance of the radial conductive path between said area (70) and the central part (46), constituted by said bottom ( 42), is increased for der iver an increased part of the current towards the turn (68) which generates the blowing field of the arc. Interrupteur électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la spire (68) est taillée dans l'épaisseur dudit fond (42) sur la face interne à la cartouche et sur le bord externe du fond (42).Electric switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the turn (68) is cut in the thickness of said bottom (42) on the inner face of the cartridge and on the outer edge of the bottom (42). Interrupteur électrique selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'un conducteur en forme de spire fendue (68) est solidarisé à la face interne du fond (42) en forme de plaque et sur le bord externe du fond (42).Electric switch according to claim 1 characterized in that a conductor in the form of a split coil (68) is secured to the internal face of the bottom (42) in the form of a plate and on the external edge of the bottom (42). Interrupteur électrique selon la revendication 1,2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la partie en forme de plaque (66) du fond (42) présente des ondulations (74) d'allongement dudit trajet conducteur radial.Electric switch according to claim 1,2 or 3, characterized in that the plate-shaped part (66) of the bottom (42) has undulations (74) for extending said radial conductive path. Interrupteur électrique selon la revendication 1,2,3 ou 4 caractérisé en ce qu'une fente borgne (76) ouverte vers l'extérieur de la cartouche est ménagée le long du pourtour interne de la spire (68) pour imposer un trajet en épingle à cheveux au courant radial entre le plage (70) et la partie centrale.Electric switch according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 characterized in that a blind slot (76) open towards the outside of the cartridge is formed along the internal periphery of the coil (68) to impose a hairpin path on the radial current between the area (70) and the central part. Interrupteur électrique selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la résistivité du matériau du fond (42) est plus grande que celle de la spire (68).Electric switch according to claim 3, characterized in that the resistivity of the bottom material (42) is greater than that of the coil (68). Interrupteur électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une enceinte étanche (10) remplie d'hexafluorure de soufre, dans laquelle est disposée une cartouche à vide (38) contenant une paire de contacts d'arc (46,48), une paire de contacts principaux connectés électriquement en parallèle desdits contacts d'arc (26,30), et un mécanisme de commande (54) desdits contacts (26,30;46,48) pour ouvrir les contacts d'arc (46,48) après les contacts principaux (26,30), et les fermer avant les contacts principaux (26,30), ladite cartouche à vide ayant un fond métallique (42) avec une spire (68) sur la périphérie et des ondulations (74) ou un trajet en épingle à cheveux entre la plage (70) d'amenée de courant et la partie centrale (46).Electric switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a sealed enclosure (10) filled with sulfur hexafluoride, in which is disposed a vacuum cartridge (38) containing a pair of arcing contacts (46,48), a pair of main contacts electrically connected in parallel with said arcing contacts (26,30), and a control mechanism (54) of said contacts (26,30; 46,48) for opening the contacts d arc (46,48) after the main contacts (26,30), and close them before the main contacts (26,30), said vacuum cartridge having a metal bottom (42) with a turn (68) on the periphery and undulations (74) or a hairpin path between the current supply area (70) and the central part (46).
EP92420187A 1991-06-10 1992-06-05 Electrical vacuum switch Expired - Lifetime EP0518786B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9107474 1991-06-10
FR9107474A FR2677487B1 (en) 1991-06-10 1991-06-10 ELECTRIC VACUUM SWITCH.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0518786A1 true EP0518786A1 (en) 1992-12-16
EP0518786B1 EP0518786B1 (en) 1995-09-06

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EP92420187A Expired - Lifetime EP0518786B1 (en) 1991-06-10 1992-06-05 Electrical vacuum switch

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US (1) US5239149A (en)
EP (1) EP0518786B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0817302A (en)
CA (1) CA2069688A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69204570T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2079826T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2677487B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2721434B1 (en) * 1994-06-20 1996-08-02 Schneider Electric Sa Vacuum interrupter, in particular for circuit breaker or medium voltage electric switch and switch incorporating such a bulb.
FR2727565B1 (en) 1994-11-29 1997-01-17 Schneider Electric Sa ELECTRIC SWITCH, ESPECIALLY VACUUM
GB2551307B (en) * 2016-04-08 2021-10-13 Morris Line Engineering Ltd Electrical switching assembly

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2341932A1 (en) * 1976-02-19 1977-09-16 Hazemeijer Bv AXIAL MAGNETIC FIELD VACUUM SWITCH
EP0039611B1 (en) * 1980-05-06 1985-03-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum interrupter
EP0204262A1 (en) * 1985-05-28 1986-12-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum interrupter
DE4011194A1 (en) * 1990-04-04 1990-08-02 Slamecka Ernst Vacuum switch chamber - has with fixed and moving contacts arranged on common axis and units for prodn. of magnetic field
DE4013903A1 (en) * 1990-04-25 1990-11-22 Slamecka Ernst Magnetic field contact set for vacuum switch - has ring section for each contact with extension providing contact zone

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2596578B1 (en) * 1986-03-28 1994-05-06 Merlin Et Gerin ELECTRIC CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH SELF-EXPANSION AND ROTATING ARC
FR2655766B1 (en) * 1989-12-11 1993-09-03 Merlin Gerin MEDIUM VOLTAGE HYBRID CIRCUIT BREAKER.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2341932A1 (en) * 1976-02-19 1977-09-16 Hazemeijer Bv AXIAL MAGNETIC FIELD VACUUM SWITCH
EP0039611B1 (en) * 1980-05-06 1985-03-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum interrupter
EP0204262A1 (en) * 1985-05-28 1986-12-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum interrupter
DE4011194A1 (en) * 1990-04-04 1990-08-02 Slamecka Ernst Vacuum switch chamber - has with fixed and moving contacts arranged on common axis and units for prodn. of magnetic field
DE4013903A1 (en) * 1990-04-25 1990-11-22 Slamecka Ernst Magnetic field contact set for vacuum switch - has ring section for each contact with extension providing contact zone

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69204570T2 (en) 1996-04-25
DE69204570D1 (en) 1995-10-12
ES2079826T3 (en) 1996-01-16
FR2677487B1 (en) 1993-09-03
EP0518786B1 (en) 1995-09-06
FR2677487A1 (en) 1992-12-11
CA2069688A1 (en) 1992-12-11
JPH0817302A (en) 1996-01-19
US5239149A (en) 1993-08-24

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