EP0513788B1 - Lined pipe - Google Patents
Lined pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0513788B1 EP0513788B1 EP92108156A EP92108156A EP0513788B1 EP 0513788 B1 EP0513788 B1 EP 0513788B1 EP 92108156 A EP92108156 A EP 92108156A EP 92108156 A EP92108156 A EP 92108156A EP 0513788 B1 EP0513788 B1 EP 0513788B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- glass
- cement bonded
- glass pipe
- materials
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
- F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
- F16L58/04—Coatings characterised by the materials used
- F16L58/14—Coatings characterised by the materials used by ceramic or vitreous materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a pipe from cement-bound materials and a lining having a glass pipe, and a corresponding pipe.
- Pipes of this type are used when the cement-bound materials attacking substances could flow through the pipe interior or past the pipe exterior. So far, plastic linings with anchoring ribs have been used for this. This material is not suitable for all flowing substances, although environmental reasons also speak against the use of plastic linings. In addition, a simple connection between the cement-bound materials and the lining is not possible, rather anchoring ribs which are difficult to provide are necessary.
- a further disadvantage is that temperature fluctuations, but also loads, act on the two materials in different ways, as a result of which an undesired detachment process could be initiated.
- a pipe made of cement-bound materials and a lining having a glass pipe is known in principle from DE-A1-39 35 172.
- an existing, i.e. H. hardened concrete pipe is assumed. It is immaterial whether it is an old, already laid concrete pipe or a relatively new concrete pipe from a manufacturing plant.
- a glass tube is positioned within the hardened concrete pipe, for example via assembly supports or the like, whereby a backfill mass is then obviously filled in under a certain pressure between the concrete pipe and the glass tube, as a result of which a visible boundary appears between the prefabricated concrete layer and the cast backfill layer.
- This procedure is obviously quite cumbersome and requires the presence of concrete pipes.
- a close connection of the glass tube with the concrete tube does not appear to be possible; rather, an approximately resilient mounting of the glass tube in the concrete tube is achieved using the backfill.
- the glass tubes can optionally be concreted in directly on site.
- the side facing the cement-bound materials forming a support tube can be smooth, but also smooth in sections and provided with glass frit and other anchors.
- only enveloping or pretensioned wraps made of tapes, foils, nonwovens and fabrics can be provided, which may consist of metals, minerals, plastics and the like.
- Fleece-like materials ensure the compensation of different deformations of the glass tube on the one hand and the support tube on the other, but also of the entire composite.
- Such a tube can also be designed such that it can experience deformations in the head region, although such cannot be directly absorbed by the glass lining itself.
- a volumetric, non-twisting material is provided in these areas.
- the glass lining acts like a lost formwork. It is held by a horizontal or vertical support frame. In the former case, it may be necessary to keep spacers in the bottom region of the position of the glass lining, especially in the case of smaller pipe diameters.
- the glass tube can be attached to a formwork frame that is held outside the pipe formwork. For example, a formwork frame can be rotated and the cement-bound materials, such as shotcrete with reinforcement or fiber shotcrete, can be sprayed on as a support pipe for a load-bearing construction.
- Fig. 1 shows in section the front end of a tube wall, which on the one hand consists of an inner glass tube 1 and a support tube 2 made of cement-bound materials.
- the overall arrangement is provided for manufacturing purposes between an internal and an external formwork 3.
- a tube according to the invention is thus formed, in which the glass tube 1 represents a sealing lining.
- such a glass tube can be provided not only on the inside, but additionally or only on the outside.
- the tube 4 according to the invention has a variable-volume constraint-free material 5 on the end face, so that the tube 4 can be driven directly into the ground with presses after completion, without undue deformations occurring in the head region would.
- Adhesion between the support tube 2 made of the cement-bound materials on the one hand and the glass tube 1 on the other hand can also be achieved with a smooth surface of the glass tube 1. Adhesion is improved by providing a glass frit 6 (FIG. 3) and / or another anchoring means, as is shown in FIG. 4 by reference number 7.
- the one-part or multi-part glass tube 1 is applied to an internal formwork frame 8, the formwork frame 8 being rotatable.
- the glass tube 1 can advantageously be surrounded by a pretensionable wrapping 10, this wrapping 10 being able to consist of tapes, foils, nonwovens and fabrics, with metals, minerals and plastics being suitable as materials.
- the volumetric non-constraining materials 5 and / or the anchoring means 7 or glass frits 6 can be provided on the front.
- the cement-bound materials for forming the support tube 2 are then applied by means of a spray device 9, a guide sliding plate 11 being expediently provided in order to ensure a substantially constant outer circumference of the tube 4 produced in this way.
- This arrangement is particularly suitable for production in a vertical arrangement.
- Fig. 6 shows a second device which is particularly suitable for production in a horizontal arrangement.
- the glass tube 1 is first arranged, and it may also be provided with a wrapping 10, if necessary.
- the glass tube 1 is to be supported in the formwork 3 by supporting bodies (not shown).
- an internal formwork support body 12 is provided, which can be an inflatable pressure hose, for example.
- the inner formwork support body 12 is centered within the Formwork 3 supported, wherein the formwork support body 12 can protrude from the formwork 3.
- the cement-bound materials for forming the support tube 12 are then introduced through an insertion opening 13 in the formwork 3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Rohrs aus zementgebundenen Materialien und einer ein Glasrohr aufweisenden Auskleidung sowie ein entsprechendes Rohr.The invention relates to a method for producing a pipe from cement-bound materials and a lining having a glass pipe, and a corresponding pipe.
Rohre dieser Art werden dann verwendet, wenn die zementgebundenen Materialien angreifende Stoffe durch das Rohrinnere oder an dem Rohräußeren vorbei strömen könnten. Bisher werden hierzu Kunststoffauskleidungen mit Verankerungsrippen verwendet. Dieses Material ist nicht für alle strömenden Stoffe geeignet, wobei darüberhinaus auch Umweltschutzgründe gegen die Verwendung von Kunststoffauskleidungen sprechen. Darüberhinaus ist eine einfache Verbindung zwischen den zementgebundenen Materialien und der Auskleidung nicht möglich, vielmehr sind aufwendig vorzusehende Verankerungsrippen notwendig.Pipes of this type are used when the cement-bound materials attacking substances could flow through the pipe interior or past the pipe exterior. So far, plastic linings with anchoring ribs have been used for this. This material is not suitable for all flowing substances, although environmental reasons also speak against the use of plastic linings. In addition, a simple connection between the cement-bound materials and the lining is not possible, rather anchoring ribs which are difficult to provide are necessary.
Darüberhinaus ist nachteilig, daß Temperaturschwankungen, aber auch Belastungen auf die beiden Materialien in unterschiedlicher Weise einwirken, wodurch ein unerwünschter Ablösungsprozeß eingeleitet werden könnte.A further disadvantage is that temperature fluctuations, but also loads, act on the two materials in different ways, as a result of which an undesired detachment process could be initiated.
Ein Rohr aus zementgebundenen Materialien und eine ein Glasrohr aufweisenden Auskleidung ist grundsätzlich bekannt aus DE-A1-39 35 172. Wesentlich ist jedoch, daß von einem bestehenden, d. h. ausgehärtetem Betonrohr ausgegangen wird. Unwesentlich ist, ob es sich um ein altes, bereits verlegtes Betonrohr oder ein relativ neues aus einer Fertigung stammendes Betonrohr handelt. Innerhalb des ausgehärteten Betonrohrs wird ein Glasrohr positioniert, beispielsweise über Montagestützen oder dgl., wobei anschließend zwischen dem Betonrohr und dem Glasrohr eine Hinterfüllmasse offensichtlich unter einem gewissen Druck eingefüllt wird, wodurch eine sichtbare Grenze zwischen der vorgefertigten Betonschicht und der nachgegossenen Hinterfüllschicht erscheint. Diese Vorgehensweise ist offensichtlich ziemlich umständlich und setzt das Vorhandensein von Betonrohren voraus. Eine enge Verbindung des Glasrohrs mit dem Betonrohr erscheint nicht möglich, vielmehr ist eine etwa federnde Lagerung des Glasrohrs in dem Betonrohr mit Hilfe der Hinterfüllmasse erreicht.A pipe made of cement-bound materials and a lining having a glass pipe is known in principle from DE-A1-39 35 172. However, it is essential that an existing, i.e. H. hardened concrete pipe is assumed. It is immaterial whether it is an old, already laid concrete pipe or a relatively new concrete pipe from a manufacturing plant. A glass tube is positioned within the hardened concrete pipe, for example via assembly supports or the like, whereby a backfill mass is then obviously filled in under a certain pressure between the concrete pipe and the glass tube, as a result of which a visible boundary appears between the prefabricated concrete layer and the cast backfill layer. This procedure is obviously quite cumbersome and requires the presence of concrete pipes. A close connection of the glass tube with the concrete tube does not appear to be possible; rather, an approximately resilient mounting of the glass tube in the concrete tube is achieved using the backfill.
Demgegenüber ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren anzugeben, wie ein Rohr der vorstehenden Art derart hergestellt werden kann, daß eine feste Verbindung zwischen beiden erreicht ist.In contrast, it is an object of the invention to provide a method of how a tube of the above type can be manufactured such that a firm connection between the two is achieved.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 bzw. des Anspruches 4 gelöst.The object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and claim 4.
Die Erfindung wird durch die Merkmale der Unteransprüche weitergebildet.The invention is further developed by the features of the subclaims.
Von großem Vorteil bei der Erfindung ist, daß ein sicherer Verbund zwischen den zementgebundenen Materialien einerseits und dem Glas andererseits in einfacher Weise erzielt werden kann, wobei darüber hinaus Glas selbst gegenüber aggressiven Materialien höchst resistent ist. Insbesondere können die Glasrohre gegebenenfalls auch vor Ort direkt einbetoniert werden. Die den ein Tragrohr bildenden zementgebundenen Materialien zugewandte Seite kann dabei glatt sein, aber auch abschnittsweise glatt und mit Glasfritte und sonstigen Verankerungen versehen sein. Ferner können auch nur umhüllende oder vorgespannte Umwicklungen aus Bändern, Folien, Vliesen und Geweben vorgesehen sein, wobei diese aus Metallen, Mineralien, Kunststoffen und dgl. bestehen können. Vliesähnliche Materialien gewährleisten den Ausgleich unterschiedlicher Verformungen von Glasrohr einerseits und Tragrohr andererseits, aber auch des gesamten Verbundes.It is of great advantage in the invention that a secure bond between the cement-bound materials on the one hand and the glass on the other hand can be achieved in a simple manner, and in addition glass itself is highly resistant to aggressive materials. In particular, the glass tubes can optionally be concreted in directly on site. The side facing the cement-bound materials forming a support tube can be smooth, but also smooth in sections and provided with glass frit and other anchors. Furthermore, only enveloping or pretensioned wraps made of tapes, foils, nonwovens and fabrics can be provided, which may consist of metals, minerals, plastics and the like. Fleece-like materials ensure the compensation of different deformations of the glass tube on the one hand and the support tube on the other, but also of the entire composite.
Ein solches Rohr kann auch so ausgebildet werden, daß es im Kopfbereich Verformungen erfahren kann, obgleich solche von der Glasauskleidung selbst direkt nicht aufgenommen werden können. Zu diesem Zweck wird in diesen Bereichen ein volumenveränderliches verzwängungsfreies Material vorgesehen.Such a tube can also be designed such that it can experience deformations in the head region, although such cannot be directly absorbed by the glass lining itself. For this purpose, a volumetric, non-twisting material is provided in these areas.
Bei der Herstellung ist wesentlich, daß ein integriertes Herstellverfahren verwendet wird, bei dem die durch das Glasrohr gebildete Auskleidung zusammen mit dem Tragrohr hergestellt wird. Die Glasauskleidung wirkt dabei nach Art einer verloreren Schalung. Sie wird durch einen horizontalen oder vertikalen Stützrahmen gehalten. Im ersteren Fall kann es erforderlich sein, insbesondere bei kleineren Rohrdurchmessern Abstandshalter im Sohlebereich der Lage der Glasauskleidung zu halten. Bei größeren Durchmessern kann das Glasrohr auf einen Schalungsrahmen angebracht sein, der außerhalb der Rohrschalung gehalten wird. Beispielsweise kann ein Schalungsrahmen rotiert werden und können die zementgebundenen Materialien, wie Spritzbeton mit Bewehrung oder Faserspritzbeton zur tragfähigen Konstruktion als Tragrohr aufgespritzt werden.It is essential in the production that an integrated production process is used in which the lining formed by the glass tube is produced together with the support tube. The glass lining acts like a lost formwork. It is held by a horizontal or vertical support frame. In the former case, it may be necessary to keep spacers in the bottom region of the position of the glass lining, especially in the case of smaller pipe diameters. For larger diameters, the glass tube can be attached to a formwork frame that is held outside the pipe formwork. For example, a formwork frame can be rotated and the cement-bound materials, such as shotcrete with reinforcement or fiber shotcrete, can be sprayed on as a support pipe for a load-bearing construction.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- im Schnitt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
- Fig. 2
- ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel;
- Fig. 3 und Fig. 4
- im Schnitt Weiterbildungen des Rohrs gemäß Fig. 1;
- Fig.5
- schematisch eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines ersten Herstellverfahrens;
- Fig.6
- schematisch eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines zweiten Herstellverfahrens.
- Fig. 1
- in section a first embodiment of the invention;
- Fig. 2
- a second embodiment;
- 3 and 4
- on average further developments of the tube according to FIG. 1;
- Fig. 5
- schematically an apparatus for performing a first manufacturing process;
- Fig. 6
- schematically an apparatus for performing a second manufacturing process.
Fig. 1 zeigt im Schnitt das Stirnende einer Rohrwand, welche einerseits aus einem innenliegenden Glasrohr 1 und einem Tragrohr 2 aus zementgebundenen Materialien besteht. Die Gesamtanordnung ist für Fertigungszwecke zwischen einer innenliegenden und einer außenliegenden Schalung 3 vorgesehen. Insgesamt wird somit ein erfindungsgemäßes Rohr gebildet, bei dem das Glasrohr 1 eine abdichtende Auskleidung darstellt.Fig. 1 shows in section the front end of a tube wall, which on the one hand consists of an inner glass tube 1 and a
Gemäß Fig. 2 kann ein solches Glasrohr nicht nur an der Innenseite, sondern zusätzlich oder lediglich an der Außenseite vorgesehen sein.2, such a glass tube can be provided not only on the inside, but additionally or only on the outside.
Gemäß Fig. 3 ist zwischen dem Glasrohr 1 einerseits und dem Tragrohr 2 andererseits des erfindungsgemäßen Rohrs 4 stirnseitig ein volumenveränderliches zwängungsfreies Material 5 vorgesehen, wodurch das Rohr 4 nach Fertigstellung direkt mit Pressen in den Untergrund getrieben werden kann, ohne daß unzulässige Verformungen im Kopfbereich auftreten würden.According to FIG. 3, between the glass tube 1 on the one hand and the
Eine gute Haftung zwischen dem Tragrohr 2 aus den zementgebundenen Materialien einerseits und dem Glasrohr 1 andererseits ist auch bei glatter Fläche des Glasrohrs 1 erreichbar. Verbessert wird die Haftung durch Vorsehen einer Glasfritte 6 (Fig. 3) und/oder einem anderem Verankerungsmittel, wie das in Fig. 4 durch das Bezugszeichen 7 dargestellt ist.Good adhesion between the
Fig. 5 zeigt eine erste Vorrichtung zu Durchführungen des ersten Herstellverfahrens. Bei diesem wird das ein- oder mehrteilige Glasrohr 1 auf einem innenliegenden Schalungsgerüst 8 aufgebracht, wobei das Schalungsgerüst 8 rotierbar ist. Das Glasrohr 1 kann vorteilhaft mittels einer vorspannbaren Umwicklung 10 umgeben sein, wobei diese Umwicklung 10 aus Bändern, Folien, Vliesen und Geweben bestehen kann, wobei als Materialien Metalle, Mineralien und Kunststoffe infrage kommen. Ferner können an der Außenseite des Glasrohrs 1, wie erwähnt, stirnseitig die volumenveränderlichen zwängungsfreien Materialien 5 und/ oder die Verankerungsmittel 7 oder Glasfritten 6 vorgesehen sein. Anschließend werden mittels einer Spritzeinrichtung 9 die zementgebundenen Materialien zur Bildung des Tragrohrs 2 aufgebracht, wobei zweckmäßig ein Führungsgleitblech 11 vorgesehen ist, um einen im wesentlichen konstanten Außenumfang des so hergestellten Rohrs 4 zu gewährleisten. Diese Anordnung eignet sich insbesondere für Herstellung in vertikaler Anordnung.5 shows a first device for carrying out the first manufacturing method. In this, the one-part or multi-part glass tube 1 is applied to an
Fig. 6 zeigt eine zweite Vorrichtung, die sich insbesondere für eine Herstellung in horizontaler Anordnung eignet. Auch hier wird zunächst das Glasrohr 1 angeordnet, wobei es gegebenenfalls ebenfall mit einer Umwicklung 10 versehen sein kann. Bei kleinen Rohrdurchmessern ist das Glasrohr 1 durch nicht dargestellte Stützkörper in der Schalung 3 abzustützen. Bei größeren Rohrdurchmessern ist ein innenliegender Schalungsstützkörper 12 vorgesehen, bei dem es sich beispielsweise um einen aufblasbaren Druckschlauch handeln kann. Der innenliegende Schalungsstützkörper 12 wird zentrisch innerhalb der Schalung 3 abgestützt, wobei der Schalungsstützkörper 12 aus der Schalung 3 herausragen kann. Anschließend werden durch eine Einbringöffnung 13 in der Schalung 3 die zementgebundenen Materialien zur Bildung des Tragrohrs 12 eingebracht.Fig. 6 shows a second device which is particularly suitable for production in a horizontal arrangement. Here too, the glass tube 1 is first arranged, and it may also be provided with a wrapping 10, if necessary. In the case of small tube diameters, the glass tube 1 is to be supported in the
Selbstverständlich wird die Schalung 3 erst nach Aushärten des Materials entfernt.Of course, the
Die gleiche Vorgehensweise ist anwendbar, wenn das Glasrohr 1 an der Außenseite eines so hergestellten Rohres 4 vorgesehen sein soll.The same procedure can be used if the glass tube 1 is to be provided on the outside of a tube 4 produced in this way.
Claims (9)
- Process for producing a pipe of cement bonded materials and a lining having a glass pipe,
characterised in that,
the glass pipe (1) is arranged on a sheathing frame (8) and the cement bonded materials (2) are sprayed thereon with relative rotational movement between the glass pipe (1) and the spraying device (9) for the cement bonded material (2). - Process for producing a pipe of cement bonded materials and a lining having a glass pipe, in which the glass pipe (1) is supported,
characterised in that,
the glass pipe (1) is supported (12) substantially centred in a sheathing (3) and the cement bonded materials are fed into the sheathing (3). - Process according to claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that,
before the supply of the cement bonded materials (2) the glass pipe (1) is wrapped in a preferably prestressed winding (10). - Pipe of cement bonded materials and a lining having a glass pipe,
characterised in that,
in the production of the pipe, i.e. before the setting of the cement bonded materials, these materials and the glass pipe (1) are already brought together, and only thereafter are the cement bonded materials (2) brought to setting. - Pipe according to claim 4,
characterised in that,
the glass pipe (1) is formed in several pieces of glass shells. - Pipe according to claim 4 or 5,
characterised in that,
the glass pipe (1) is surrounded by wrapping materials (10). - Pipe according to any of claims 4 to 6,
characterised in that,
there is provided between the glass pipe (1) and the cement bonded materials (2), at an end, a non-constrained material (5) which can change in volume. - Pipe according to any of claims 4 to 7,
characterised in that,
there is provided between the glass pipe (1) and the cement bonded materials (2) glass frit (6) and/or another anchoring means (7). - Pipe according to any of claims 4 to 8,
characterised in that,
the glass pipe (1) is provided to lie on the inside and/or on the outside.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4115735 | 1991-05-14 | ||
| DE4115735A DE4115735C2 (en) | 1991-05-14 | 1991-05-14 | Pipe with lining |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0513788A1 EP0513788A1 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
| EP0513788B1 true EP0513788B1 (en) | 1996-10-23 |
Family
ID=6431641
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92108156A Expired - Lifetime EP0513788B1 (en) | 1991-05-14 | 1992-05-14 | Lined pipe |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0513788B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE144604T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4115735C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010043758A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2012-05-16 | Institut für Fertigteiltechnik und Fertigbau Weimar e.V. | Tubular component for manufacturing of pipes, ducts and fittings, has tube shaft and front-side pipe ends sealed by chemical resistant seals |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE471575C (en) * | 1927-07-24 | 1929-02-27 | Ver Stahlwerke Akt Ges | Conduit pipe covered with a protective cement layer and its manufacturing process |
| DE1026140B (en) * | 1956-10-13 | 1958-03-13 | Pfaudler Werke Ag | Corrosion-resistant composite pipe |
| DE3305158A1 (en) * | 1983-02-15 | 1984-08-16 | Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar | Apparatus for smoothing setting coatings of mortar on rotating tubes |
| DE3935172A1 (en) * | 1989-10-21 | 1991-05-02 | Flachglas Consult Gmbh | Set of pipes with concrete casing - has sealed cladding, consisting of curved glass pieces with axial and peripheral joins |
-
1991
- 1991-05-14 DE DE4115735A patent/DE4115735C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-05-14 EP EP92108156A patent/EP0513788B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-14 AT AT92108156T patent/ATE144604T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-14 DE DE59207402T patent/DE59207402D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0513788A1 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
| DE59207402D1 (en) | 1996-11-28 |
| ATE144604T1 (en) | 1996-11-15 |
| DE4115735A1 (en) | 1992-11-26 |
| DE4115735C2 (en) | 2000-01-20 |
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