EP0512998A1

EP0512998A1 - Surface smoothers for plastic coatings, with resin, hardener or filler packs.

Info

Publication number: EP0512998A1
Application number: EP90917048A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Johann Zimmermann; Alfred Stellmach; Isabella Koester; Silvia Zimmermann; Birgit Schoel
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: KOESTER, ISABELLA; SCHOEL, BIRGIT; STELLMACH Alfred; ZIMMERMANN, JOHANN; ZIMMERMANN, SILVIA
Priority date: 1989-11-23
Filing date: 1990-11-22
Publication date: 1992-11-19
Anticipated expiration: 2010-11-22
Also published as: WO1991008057A3; WO1991008057A2; CH687594A5; EP0512998B1; AU6735990A; DE59010768D1

Abstract

Un lissoir de surfaces à réservoir sert à revêtir, lisser, structurer et calibrer, de préférence avec des couches en matières plastiques à l'état semi-liquide, en utilisant un agent séparateur qui est incorporé à la surface du revêtement et reste dans celui-ci, formant partie intégrante du matériau de revêtement. Les lissoirs de surface sont manuellement guidés, ou guidés dans des machines ou appareils, et se composent principalement d'un matériau qui se laisse charger électrostatiquement. Le lissoir de surfaces et le matériau de revêtement contenu dans les réservoirs forment une unité selon ce procédé, étant donné que la forme, le type et le mode d'utilisation du lissoir de surfaces et les composants du matériau de revêtement s'influencent mutuellement dans une très large mesure.A tank surface smoother is used for coating, smoothing, structuring and calibrating, preferably with plastic layers in the semi-liquid state, using a separating agent which is incorporated into the surface of the coating and remains therein. ci, forming an integral part of the coating material. Surface smoothers are manually guided, or guided in machines or apparatus, and are mainly composed of a material which can be electrostatically charged. The surface smoother and the coating material contained in the tanks form a unit according to this method, since the shape, type and mode of use of the surface smoother and the components of the coating material influence each other in a very large extent.

Description

Description:

Surface smoother for plastic coating with resin, hardener / filler pack. This means packs / smoother, which preferably contain resin and filler, hardener and filler and filler. Technical field:

The invention relates to surface smoothers for preferably coatings on plastic, modified natural material, natural material, metal, ceramic parts and parts / combinations thereof with resin / hardener / filler and preferably mixtures thereof, but also with substrate / Substrates, in the liquid or partially liquid state of the coating material (s) and smoothing / structuring / calibration of the same / with respect to a predetermined workpiece / coating thickness and / or a surface structure, without this Coating material on which surface smoother is attached.

In the smoothing and / or stagnation and / or calibration process, a release agent is used between the surface smoother and the workpiece (s) to be coated, which is specific to the coating material (s) and into the surface layer during the smoothing and / or calibration process. or structuring and or calibration process according to the invention is incorporated according to the method mentioned in claim 1. Fine-grained filler is preferably used as the release agent, which in the pre-mixture / mixtures of resin / filler and hardener / filler and lacquer composition used / used in this process. One / multi-component plastic and substrate (s) are preferably already present in a predetermined proportion and are brought to the prescribed proportion of the total coating material by incorporation during the smoothing / structuring and / or calibration process. This is done in the hobby and manual application of this method and the coating materials used in that for a certain coating material, predetermined surface smoothers - in terms of material, shape and diameter - of the surface smoothers which are not infinitely variable in terms of torque (Fig. 7, Fig .9, Fig.12) - and packs of premixes of the coating materials and metering devices, such as / the Meßhülsen (Fig.9, parts (99), (99 '), (97') and (96'P em ^¬ Pfohl and with torque-adjustable surface sheets, with a certain material pairing, charging potential, torque, type of filler, amount of filler applied, temperature of the filler material and the surface / coating materials applied by conventional methods from premixes after weighing them and a predetermined temperature of the workpiece / s to be coated, coating material, release agent, conveying devices, pressing body and the conveying agent for the release material (filler ) is kept. Further parameters are the material of the coating and the workpiece to be coated, coating speed, cooling rate of the workpiece and coating material at a given air humidity and air temperature.

However, this can only be complied with in industrial production when using the surface smoothers according to one or more of Claims 1 to 6 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), since here no hobby or craftsman individually the coating can vary, but the process is carried out mechanically according to a, albeit controllable, programmed course. State of the art;

Liquid or partially liquid plastic, natural substance, modified natural substance, substrate is currently applied by spraying, filling, dipping, ionizing, pouring, calendering, rolling and brushing, but the layer thickness is then only applied by the drying / curing process (without material-reducing or material-displacing processing).

Material-removing processing, for example by grinding, or material-displacing calibration, for example, by reheating the applied plastic layer (can only be carried out with thermoplastic materials), is expensive and so restrictive in the selection of the coating material that such a method often does not can be applied.

The method according to the invention allows smoothing and calibrating and / or structuring the coating and calibrating the workpiece using a simple, labor-saving and energy-saving method with simultaneous use of a wide variety of workpiece and coating materials with a small tolerance range when calibrating the coating thickness / workpiece thickness. or surface structure of the coating in contrast to the methods known to date. Coating material is also filled in with this method and not displaced as in the known methods, which gives workpiece tensions. D rposition of the invention:

The invention relates to smoothers, which also represent calibration units. These smoothers can be used when applying plastics and natural materials to workpiece surfaces, a separating layer made from the filler of the plastic layer being used, which prevents the plastics applied by conventional methods from adhering to the smoothing bodies. Furthermore, the invention relates in particular to tools which can be used as hand-smoothing devices according to FIGS. 1, 6, 7 and 9 and which, due to their material and / or through additional devices for electrical charging, the filler used in dust form. "tighten" and thus build up a separating layer compared to the not yet rigid plastic, which allows rolling, reciprocating, oscillating, intermittent, continuous, up and down, oscillating movements of the smoothers (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 , Fig.7, Fig.9, Fig.6) by hand - or by handling devices Fig.6 or by controls in machines (Fig.3, Fig.4, Fig.5) a ^* (in ^* layer thickness and electronic properties) made of plastic (s) _for natural material (s), substrate (s) calibrated within narrow tolerance limits on uncoated / coated workpieces made of metal / oil, plastic / s, and natural material / s or modified / - em natural product (s), ceramics and / or substrate / substrates. According to the invention, such a surface smoother for plastic coating - also with resin / hardener / filler pack according to FIGS. 8,9, 10, 11, 13 and 14 - for applying a plastic layer or plastic / filler layer Material surfaces such as those of uncoated / coated metal and plastic parts, characterized in that the resin-hardener-filler pack according to Fig. 8, 10 _, -11 schc in the correct ratio the amount of resin (82) and hardener ( 82 '), which are still to be mixed with a corresponding amount of filler (18).

The filler in, for example, the spectral colors in the resin / filler, hardener, hardener / filler, topcoat pack is for the plastic / plastic mixture to be applied to the workpiece, in which preferably the mixed components - i.e. preferably the resin / filler, hardener / filler fraction - the filler is premixed in the correct ratio with the resin and / or the hardener before the resin and hardener be brought together and thereby the chemical reaction of hardening begins, contained in the correct ratio, if preferably equally large proportions of those in the package according to one or more of claims 1,7 and 8, (Fig. 8, Fig. 10, 11 and 14) are mixed with one another. To the portioning of the shares of the components of the user to facilitate ER ^* are (96) l of Oberflächenglätters claim Meßhülsen the packs (99) with one, the shaft (Fig.7, Fig .9 ^*, Figure 12, Fig. 13 and Fig. 14) adapted, hollow and provided with radial grooves inner part, which can be shifted in stages on the shaft of the smoothing device and with their grooves in the annular beads / in the preferably annular beads A (97 '/ 97) of the smoother snap in, attached.

The shaft of the smoothing device serves as an ejector for the transparent plastic film (87) with the measuring sleeve after punching the transparent plastic film (87) welded onto the housing (86) with the shoulder (76) of the smoothing shaft (96), for displacing the measuring sleeve on the shaft into the desired position dependent on the quantity to be removed, and picking up the material by single / multiple piercing / parting off the material content of the corresponding packing chamber and thereby storing the material in the interior of the sleeve which is on one side through the smoothing shaft / smoothing shaft attachment (96/76) is variably limited in the cavity. Such a metering device is inexpensive and can even be used repeatedly after taking into account components that have been metered in after the shaft has been cleaned. Overall, such a portioning device for plastic components is novel and easy and economical to use. A further embodiment of the dosing device consists of a / several dosing sleeve (s) fitted / screwed onto the shaft / the shaft parts, which are chamfered and / or serrated and protected on one or both end faces / 5 (FIG. 9, Parts (97 '), (99'). One or more of the dosing sleeves can be screwed onto the shaft, which consists of several parts, and can be actuated individually or in succession by screwing movements Shaft / the shaft parts as ejectors for the component (s) accommodated in the metering sleeve (s), the mixture (s) present in the pack, which are now ejected / pressed out of the measuring sleeve (s) by preferably screwing motion. If necessary, the powdery filler can also be dosed with it. In order to avoid confusion in the affiliation of material components in / from the package and the corresponding measuring sleeve (s) previously used, the measuring sleeves and also the corresponding shaft parts used as holders and ejectors are in different codes / color codes the coding / color coding of the embossing / the print on the welded-on or the transparent film / lid of the pack which is to be reinserted / to be reinserted after use of the pack.

The cleaned smoother pressing body with shaft part / s and attached / screwed / measuring sleeve / sleeves is attached / stored in a holder on the pack, which is attached to the housing (86), the welded-on transparent plastic film (87) , the attached lid (88), preferably the lid (88), is in the form of a four- or two-jawed clip, the jaws of which are formed as hollow, elastic bumps on the surface of the plastic film / s, in which ends Sections of the smoothing device are preferably held in a non-positive / positive manner.

In another pack version (Fig. 14), the straightener can be easily cleaned after cleaning with the other utensils such as protective gloves, cloth for cleaning and for static charging of the surface straightener (s) (Fig. 1, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 9), instructions for use and pack (s) for resin / hardener / filler ... (Fig. 8, Fig. 10, Fig. 11) and the transparent pack with the housing - suitable for the bottom of the pack - ver¬ be closed. In new packs that have not yet been opened, the surface smoothing device (s) is / are preferably stored in the same way.

In the case of the surface sheeting, which are preferably used for surface coatings to be produced by hand and industry, correspondingly large containers, which are preferably premixed components, are preferably metered by weighing-preferably in the apparatus / machine in which the device for surface smoothing / surfaces is used - s> structuring and coating calibration ^* _ιng / workpiece calibration - ng built-in.

The release agent is fed to the pressing bodies and the coated, but still unsmoothed, not surface-structured and / or calibrated workpiece / workpieces in the blades according to one or more of claims 1 to 6 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) from containers filled with the separating agent, by the gravitational force, screw conveyor, compressed air / liquid strc supported by the attractive force of the electrostatic fields and mechanically generated vibrations and not as in the case of the surface sheets according to FIG. 7, FIG. 9 and FIG. 2 by tightening the separating agent (filler) through the pressing bodies, which are preferably electrostatically charged by rubbing, and shafts from the pack / s according to FIG. 8, Fig. 10, Fig. 11 or any other shaped container made of other materials that are suitable for this.

Description of the drawings: Show it

Sheet 1/10, Fig. 1, Fig. 2 the surface smoothing according to claim 1 Sheet 2/10, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 the surface smoothing according to claim] Sheet 3/10, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 the surface smoothing according to claim Sheet 4/10, Fig. 9 the surface smoothing device according to claim 1 Sheet 5/10, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 the surface smoothing device and the pack according to claims 1 Sheet 6/10, Fig. 12 the use of the surface smoothing device according to claim 1

(Fig. 7, Fig. 9) when repairing paint damage to a sheet metal part sheet 7/10, Fig. 10 the pack according to claim 1 sheet 8/10, Fig. 11 the pack according to claim 1 sheet 9/10, Fig .13 the pack with the cover put on and sealing after use of the pack with the detail of the sealing elements on the cover according to claim 1 sheet 10/10, Fig. 14 the transparent pack according to claim 1 The drawings partially match the drawings of the disclosed utility model G 89 15 381.2 announcement: 30.08.90

G 89 15 380.4 ": 30.08.90 G 89 13 795.7": 22.11.90 and the application for a patent from 23.11.89, P 39 38 811.5. Furthermore, there is a partial agreement with the additional application for P 39 38 811.5: for FIGS. 1 and 2, surface smoothers with a roller-shaped pressing body according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a storage space in the handle (16) and the metering device ( 12) which rotates around the part (14) and has passage holes which are more or less open and have a striking device (13). The adjustment unit (19) is infinitely variable and has one or more spring-loaded toothed ring (s) and one / several cap screws. The bracket (15) is made of elastic material.

The toothed attachment on the pressing body (11), (11 ') sits centrally together with the toothed ring (s) of the torque setting unit (19) on the common axis. A further embodiment (Fig.2) hajein heating and ^{"Ladungselemeπt} air (for charging) (29) with feed line (22) in the handle (16 ¹⁾ of the filler (18) and the Füllstoffleitung (5 ') for Druck¬ or another means of conveyance (other usable gases and liquids). The guide plate (15 ') for the filler is attached to the bracket (15). The filler (18) prevents the coating material from sticking to the pressure body as a release agent (11, 11 ') and is held loose by the striking device (13) so that it does not cake.

The rolling resistance of the pressing body (11, 11 ') is infinitely adjustable through the setting (19). The inflow of the separating agent via the guide plate (15 ') can be infinitely adjusted by turning the part (12), which is also the adjusting wheel and distribution plate for the separating agent (18) falling on it. To Fig.3, Fig.4 and Fig.5

Surface smoother (Fig.3), characterized in that according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, one or more support roller (s) (3), (3/9). more ^• Pressure body (10/11) «(53),. (10) and also pressure body on the opposite side (3), also _/ are arranged horizontally or at any angle to the vertical.

This makes it possible for a plastic layer applied to one or more workpiece (s) (1, 1 ') to be smoothed, structured and or calibrated in a semi-liquid / semi-liquid state.

The pressing body (s) (3), (3/9); (53), (10/11), (10) are preferably cylindrical or disc-shaped (Fig. 5) or plane-parallel. A play-free mounting of the pressure body (3 and 3/9) in the The device / machine frame taking up permits calibration of the coating within a narrow tolerance range.

In a further embodiment of the surface smoothing device, the pressure body, which cannot be deformed elastically, and the electronically measured * Deformation and the automatic, stepless adjustment of the active gap between the pressure bodies and taking into account the deviation of the workpiece thickness from a target dimension, the application, calibration, structuring / smoothing of a substrate layer »from substrate layers to, for example, plastic / ceramic workpieces with very low thickness deviation and surface roughness of the substrate layer possible, as is necessary, for example, in semiconductor production. This is also made possible by the fact that the applied substrate does not have to be deformed for calibration, but the layer thickness of the substrate is preferably done by incorporating the species-specific substance into the same. Machining does not apply to the described method.

According to the invention, an applied and not yet firm layer, which preferably consists of plastic, is a single / multi-component plastic in the form of a thermoset / thermoplastic or elastomer - with the aid of a filler (7/7 ') which adheres to the / the pressing body (3, 3/9, 11) prevents from the pressing body (s) - roller (s), flat and / or profiled / e, preferably vibrating / e various geometrical shapes with the most varied surface structures ( preferably heated, statically charged, motor-driven and electronically determined) (3), (3/9), (11), (10), (61) smoothed and or structured and or calibrated by one or more passes of the workpiece (s) between the smoothing and support rollers, or between the pressing body (s) and or a supporting device such as rollers (3/9), conveyor belt (s) (11) and the roller (s) supporting it ( 9) takes place.

In a further method, in the case of a structure to be applied onto / into the coating layer of the workpiece / the workpieces which has already been applied and is still liquid / partially liquid according to conventional methods, the deeper / the lower part / le of the convex cavities is preferably used first Surface shape of the coating molded-in by ^¬ preferably profiled pressing body (s) that are motor-driven or are / is moved by the frictional force / friction forces between workpiece / workpieces and pressing body (s) and after filling up the depression (s) in the surface coating layer (s) with filler to prevent the smoother (s) from sticking when repeating / repeating the surface coating (s) of the workpiece / workpieces repeatedly and at the same time supporting the already formed structure / s in the coating / the coatings by the filler, which remains in the depression (s) of the coating / s until the other parts of the coating / s are structured and / or smoothed. This results in precisely running contours / edges of the structure / s of the surface coating of the workpiece / the workpieces, since the contours / structures generated by the first shaping pressing body (s) cannot be pressed together and / or collapse by the further / the further process steps.

After the smoothing and / or structuring and / or calibration process has ended, the supporting filler is removed or preferably poured off by preferably suctioning off and / or blowing off. What remains is a very precise contour in the coated workpiece surface, which could not previously be produced in liquid / partially liquid coating material, preferably in flow production. This procedure enables one. economic production of such workpieces which are required to have a contour and / or surface flatness with low permissible deviation of the shape and surface roughness as just in the application of substrate, for example Werk¬ pieces of ceramic or plastic materials in semiconductor manufacturing ver ^* - reached. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the filler (7), (7 ') is stored in the containers (16), (16') and is conveyed by screw conveyors which are infinitely variable by motor and which are used as metering device (s) ( 4) as a function of the other control variables during coating. _. _ The filler is supplied by a compressed air flow from the lines (5), (8 ') and (8 ") to the heating and / or charging unit (s) (8, 22/29) after the filler, too different filler, statically charged and / or heated with it; it remains or becomes flowable as a result A suction line (s) (6) suck excess filler from the workpiece surface and, if necessary, from the transport device for the workpiece (s) is unnecessary filler from the pressure bodies (3), (3/9), (11) due to a negative / positive overpressure between the hood (15 *) and the pressure body (s) (3), (3/9), ( 11) Removed the strength of the charge of the filler and pressure body / s, One or more mechanically and / or pneumatically and / or electrostatically acting wipers (10 '), which are infinitely variable in distance, fed / regulated via the line (s) (52), allows compliance with a filler layer / s specified within narrow limits rotating (3.3 / 9) and / or oscillating and / or staggering pressing body (s) (53), (29 '). In order to avoid caking of the filler (7), (7 ') when it is returned to the containers (16), (16'), compressed air is supplied to the containers and the containers are set in vibration. A preferably coarse metering of the filler applied to the pressing bodies takes place via the containers (16), which are adjustable in their position relative to the pressing bodies, so that at a greater distance the dosing unit (s) (4), which is a unit with the heating and / or Charging unit (s) ⁽ for static charging) (8, 22/29) and the suction hood (s) (15 '), the attached connections for the return lines (6) to the container (s) (16), (16 ') forms more filler on the pressure roller (s) (3), (3/9) or the conveyor belt (10/11), which also acts as a pressure body.

In a further method, in which one side of the workpiece is acted upon material with Füll¬, has the conveyor belt (10), preferably next to the transport of the workpieces (l ¹⁾ which gave up about which there driving Trans¬ port roll / n (9) and whose / their connection / connections (52) statically charge and / or heat the workpieces (l ¹ ).

The coating of the workpieces (1 ') or the coating of a preferably continuous workpiece (1) takes place according to conventional methods by preferably rolling up the plastic / e, substrate / e, natural material, ceramic, modified natural material coating layer with the unit (s), (12 ") ^•

In the course of the process, the coating process is preferably followed by the smooth, and / or structuring, and / or calibration process / processes, in which a stripping process for applied filler with the aid of the device (52/10 '), preferably in the two or more process steps when smoothing / calibrating, for example, substrate layer (s) are interposed, if necessary a heating process with the device (12), in order in this way, for example, to rapidly harden the applied and smoothed and / or structured and / or calibrated workpiece coating.

In the case of metal parts or ceramic parts to be coated made of ferromagnetic or magnetic materials, the work piece (s) (l'l, (according to FIG. 5) are on the conveyor belt (10), which is made of There are gnetisbaren links, via the / the connection / connections (52), (8) preferably remanently magnetized and / or statically charged and / or heated.

In all cases of the coating with the sheets according to FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, resin / hardener / filler packs contain and preferably pre-mixed material made of resin / filler, hardener / filler and a filler matched to this for use as a release agent in, for example, two / multi-component coating material in order to ensure the correct mixing ratio, which is usually the case with the available metering devices such as scales, cavities, etc in a craft / industrial company would often not be adhered to.

The same applies to already prepared coating material (s) for one-component coating materials and the filler mixed with it and the matching filler, which serves as a release agent in the process (s) described. Likewise, the provision of coating materials and release agents in related packs preferably applies when processing substrate (s). 6 According to the invention, such a straightener with a roller / paroboloid-shaped pressing body (61), which runs around the longitudinal axis of the handle, is driven by friction between it and the workpiece (1) or is motorized by an electric motor (16 '/ 29 ') or compressed air / hydraulic motor or ^' magnet driven with a charge element for static charging and / or with a heating element (29), which is / are fed via the line (22). For larger release agent requirements than can be covered from the container in the handle, a filler feed line is provided, preferably for filler mixed with compressed air, but liquid can also be used as a transport medium for the release agent.

The filler line (5 ') on the cover (17), with which the filler container with the filler (18) is closed, can also serve as a supply line for a pneumatic / hydraulic motor. Part (62) serves as a guide sleeve for the dosing of the filler, which is infinitely adjustable through the cone on part (62). "Firmly baked" filler is released by means of the spring-loaded ball lock for preferably setting the rolling resistance of the pressure body (61). The part ((62 ') enables the screw bar cone sleeve (62). The resilient ball lock (63) can be adjusted via a wedge drive (3 '), so that the ball / s more or less forcefully from the spring / s preloaded with the wedge drive into the axially extending grooves on the inside the cone sleeve (62) is / are pressed and thus enables a corresponding counter torque to the frictional torque generated between the pressing body and the workpiece. This variable is Drehmomenteisteilung for adaptation of the method driving the Konstistenz of the coating material in this preferred wise by hand trowel to leading erfordeiich _r surface to an optimum upper reach of the workpiece to be machined (1).

The straightener can also be used for handling devices (27).

For Fig. 9, Fig. 7 and Fig. 12

FIG. 9 shows the novel hand smoother according to one or both of claims 1 and 5.

On the shaft (96) provided with beads (97), (97 *) or in a further embodiment with the preferably round thread (96 ') is the rotatable, preferably paraboloidal pressing body (S1) with the preferably largest diameter of below one inch (25.4 millimeters) so that when the cone coupling is disengaged, less torque has to be used to turn the same (91) than is required when the cone coupling is coupled. These two different torques are required for the process. When charging by rolling off the pressure body, the greater torque is advantageously achieved by moving the pressure body on the shaft and adjusting it by snapping the beads of its inner contour (92) into the grooves (94) of the shaft. With greater torque, a greater frictional force on the circumference of the pressing body is necessary. As a result, an electrostatic charge is achieved more quickly, which is used to "attract the dust-like filler used as a release agent when smoothing and / or structuring a repair work, for example according to FIG. 12, on a coated sheet metal part (1).

This illustration also shows the coating process which is advantageous compared to previous methods. The novel method described also means that there is no need to cover the remaining material surface, as was previously required, for example, in the case of paint spraying, which leads to considerable savings in working time and masking material / coating material. The pressing body (91 ') can be exchanged with the pressing body (91) on the same shaft.

On the shaft (96) for metering the premixed components of the coating material, the measuring sleeve (s) (99) is placed, which of the beads (97), (97 ') in the desired position on the shaft when the components are received from the corresponding packing chambers will be held.

The measuring sleeves (99 ') are serrated in order to be able to break through the welded-on film on the packing chamber better and are screwed onto the round thread of the shaft (96') and / or an intermediate piece (97 ¹ ).

FIG. 7 shows further designs of pressure bodies for hand smoothers which can be used on a neck piece on a slip clutch. This slip clutch is continuously adjusted in its triggering torque by appropriately tightening the knurled union nut (72), which more or less presses conical parts at the end of the shaft.

The parts (71), (71 ') and (71 ") are pressing bodies according to claim 1 and claim 5. The shaft (76) has a tapered end and a bead (97) for locking the measuring sleeve on the shaft. 8 and to Fig. 10

8 shows a pack for resin / filler / hardener, in which, according to the invention, the cover (88) on the not yet opened pack with the transparent plastic film (87) welded onto the housing (86), which also together with the preferably transparent webs of the preferably transparent housing (86) forms the chambers (18), (82) and (82 '). These chambers are sealed against the outside and against each other. This is preferably due to a plastic layer applied to the packing material, which the coding of the chambers with symbols / color markings and the welding together of the housing and cover are facilitated or made possible.

The cover (88) carries a coating corresponding to the shape of the chambers toward the film (87), which has the task of sealing open chambers and begins to act as soon as a protective layer applied to the solvent contained in the packaging components on the Place of the puncture of the welded-on film (87) is dissolved. This sealing process takes place automatically after the cover has been placed and lightly pressed onto the film (87), as shown in claim 1 according to the invention. The package according to FIG. 10 and claim 1 differs from that according to FIG. 8 in that the chamber (182) contains a premix of resin and filler. Regarding Figure 11

According to claim 1 and claim 5 is a resin / filler filler / hardener, filler, topcoat pack according to Figure 11, characterized in that the filler as a release agent, kind of pre ^¬ mixture of resin / filler and the further coating components hardener / filler - also pre-mixed - is stored in a separate chamber / s, just like the top coat contained in the pack, and the resin and filler portions are pre-mixed in various finely graded color shades (182), so that they undergo an aging process - for example in two -Years-distance (year 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91J 93, 95, 97, 99) - correspond to which a component coated with the same material is subject to light and corrosion, characterized in that with With the help of the annual imprint on the resin / filler portions and the year of manufacture of the component, the correct resin / filler portion (182) can be quickly matched to the aging process the coating on the component can be covered.

The outlined year represents the manufacturing period of the resin / filler; Filler, hardener, lacquer mass - pack according to FIG. 11, the portion (s) of the coating material (resin / filler: resin, hardener, filler, lacquer mass, topcoat) can be geometrically regular or irregular, transparent / "semi-transparent / s", opaque / s or the container / n of plastic, natural, or modified plastic or natural materials, also changing mixtures of the same or their composite Be / op - Containers / s / nis packaged, which / are geometrically regularly or irregularly assigned to other / other containers / nis or not / and are stored in this position firmly, removable and re-attachable or loosely arranged or unordered . The chambers according to claim 1 are assigned letter / number combinations and other characters according to FIGS. 8, 10 and 11, characterized in that they are attached above the chambers or are also provided with reference numerals and / or lines which indicate the chambers. 14, characterized in that the optical path of the light is directed onto the inner package according to FIGS. 8, 10 and 11 in such a way that the resin / Filler mixture in portions and with the top coat a continuous adjustment in the change in the color tone - similar to the change in a / he coated with the same / similar material / s and then subjected to light and / or a corrosion process component / parts, this can be done Optical lens systems / systems made of the same plastic as the packaging container, or attached to it as part / parts thereof or as a separate / separate part / parts or attached loosely or firmly in it / and the individual lenses geometrically ordered or disordered in all three spatial axes, two spatial axes or one spatial axis can be assigned to one another, all being ka Effective shapes and arrangements for optical lenses / lens systems can be used. The other part (s) of the packaging can be transparent, "semi-transparent" or opaque, or can change its transparency automatically when the light falls on it.

14 shows an inexpensive solution, the double-sided one. Through convex lenses. Injection of the packing lid made of polystyrene, acrylic glass ... were made.

A concave shaping of the individual lenses is also possible, with a particularly inexpensive solution being achieved by “blowing” or “vacuum deep drawing” from flat plastic slats. Also, welding or gluing such a container with lenses / lens systems is possible for the time being manufacturing reasons still too expensive.

Overall, however, even such a solution would still be justifiable, since the various coating components are combined in only one package.

But this also means a very significant reduction in waste. Such a possibility of the automatic aging of coating aces and topcoat in accordance with the aging of the coating of the component / parts by an optical lens system in the transparent package is significantly supported (Fig. 14) _r is novel and brings the desired success with little effort and serves together with the other parts of the transparent pack as a container for the other utensils such as the straightener (Fig. 9), cloth for electrostatically charging the straightener, protective gloves made of thin material, a mixing plate

Plastic and instructions for use, which support the user in the selection of the correct period of the year on the resin / filler, resin, hardener, filler, lacquer, topcoat pack according to Fig. 11. 14 can be of the shape of the transparent pack

The basic shape of the cuboid deviates from any other geometric shape

Have a shape, the surfaces being curved, flat or concave, convex or concave-convex or designed as a paraboloid with the lens (s) or lens systems thereon, lens systems.

Industrial applicability:

This procedure was ow to ^*> mainly in the Her¬ position of molds for plastics processing applied. As a result, the manufacturing costs of such a tool could be reduced by a power of ten.

Attempts to coat polystyrene models with two-component Europlast have also been successfully carried out. Attempts are currently being made to coat very sensitive layers, as is customary in car body repairs, for example.

Tests are also being carried out in the field of construction technology, in which it is important to close cracks in building structures.

Attempts to apply and smooth the substrate with very little surface roughness are in the planning stage.

Claims

Claims:

1. Surface smoother for plastic coating with resin, hardener, filler pack. This means packs / smoothers which preferably contain resin and filler, hardener and filler and filler as a separating agent between surface smoothers and more preferably

5 part liquid coating on the workpiece / s plastic / s, -Kera ^¬ Mic, Nature - / modified natural materials, sintered materials, metal / is s used mainly characterized in that the Oberflächsn- smoother, the surface smoother with the associated packs , with the premixes of resin and metal / ceramic, natural material and ab-

10 converted natural powder or granulate and hardener /

Filler mixtures and the filler admixed to the mixture (s), as a single component, for use as a separating agent between surface smoothers / n and with a still partially liquid coating / factory provided / provided with still partially liquid coatings

15 pieces / workpieces, must work together in this process.

The surface smoother (s) smooth and / or structure and preferably calibrate in one or more process steps - pass / passes - the still partially liquid surface coating of the workpiece (s) to be machined in such a way that

20 preferably a species-specific filler / filler during the smoothing / structuring and / or calibration process, part of the release agent is incorporated into the workpiece coating surface, which is still partially liquid. This process involves filling up with a missing coating material or one or more components

25 of them comparable *, which largely prevents deformation of the workpiece surface due to an unwanted build-up of stresses in it, which is not possible with a smoothing process which is based on pushing away workpiece particles - apart from the fact that the coating material is also caused by adhesion not only

, 30 layered workpiece, but would also attach to the smoother if the separating layer made of filler would not prevent this. Since this novel method is preferably concerned with the fact that the components of the coating material, which are preferably already premixed, are mixed in the correct mixture that has been tried and tested by the manufacturer.

35 ratio will be a new one

Dosing device, preferably if the coating material / materials are used for manual or hobby purposes e pohl. In industrial application of the new method - but then with much larger quantities of the coating material - the pre-mixed components are preferably dosed by tossing them on the basis of instructions developed and issued by the manufacturer, such as tables, in which then also the other parameters that are important for the process, such as the degree of static charging of the pressing body, workpiece and release agent and also their type and temperature, as well as, for example, the initial speed / number of oscillations / amplitude / type of vibration / mode of oscillation of the pressing body / pressing body and the feed rate of the workpiece to be coated / coated / the workpieces to be coated / coated are specified. Since the packs with the premixes contained therein and the filler used therefor, as a one-component substance for use as a release agent / for a specific pressing body, in particular in the manual and hobby-like application of the method with preferably simple and inexpensive hand-held smoothers, preferably without stepless torque adjustment , contrary to the smoother designs with torque adjustment, industrial and also in the manual manner of coating / smoothing and / or structuring / calibrating or calibrating surface coating / s, preferably because of the cheaper processing and the uniform processing Even less experienced users, who have to continue to use them after opening, have developed a lid with a new type of sealant, which automatically protects the canisters of the pack with the contents opened by the material in the camera - for example resin / filler or hardener / filler - with the protective layer on the sealant, which prevents the sealant from sticking to the attached and transparent cover, or in the case of a further embodiment on the applied and transparent film, in the It works in such a way that the volatile substances escaping from the material or added especially because of such a chemical reaction dissolves / dissolves the protective layer on the adhesive sealant even in small quantities, thus causing the sealant to adhere in the area of the, for example, pierced, welded-on film the packing chambers on the transparent cover / the transparent film placed on them. On the cover which can be placed on, the matching surface smoother - in terms of material, shape and size - is held in brackets formed thereon with the measuring sleeves (99) pushed onto the shafts of simple handhelds. With these simple surface hardeners, which have no stepless / fine-stage torque adjustment for the pressure body, the force of attraction, depending on the surface smoothing agent, on the release agent and the layer thickness of the release agent determined by the pressure body material, shaft material, coating material, workpiece material, compensation of the electrostatic potential adjusted / regulated on the pressure body by stripping / tapping part of the same by the user.

In the case of surface smoothers with torque adjustment / torque control, a friction between the pressure body and the workpiece / coating layer surface which is favorable for the method is set / controlled via the surface pressure body rolling torque opposite the rolling torque, since the degree of friction during machining of the workpiece is electrostatic Charging ^{* of the} same and of the pressing body (s) and thus the thickness of the release agent on it influences / determines. In the case of the surface smoothers with a supply line / supply lines for electronic charging, the charging potential of the pressing body, separating means, coating and, in addition to the torque control and thus the regulation of the static charge of the pressing body, release agent and workpiece, can be novel Workpiece set to a size determined by the manufacturer of the coating material (s) and / or devices for smoothing, structuring / calibration and given, for example, in tables and held by a control loop. In a novel way, mechanical strippers with their electrostatic potential and temperature, with suction devices attached to them, automatically maintain the thickness of the separating agent on the pressure element / s and workpiece / s according to the adjusted values and the requirements for the coating / coating steps. This is an essential prerequisite for process optimization in industrial use of the same and is not yet known. In addition, in the case of manual or hobby use, a new type of packaging with pre-aged coating materials is used for the successful use of this new type of coating system because it relieves the user of mixing the components of the coating material / the coating materials according to color nuances on the basis of trials and at one's own discretion - following detailed instructions would probably not be possible either because of their complexity. It is thereby saving time and achieved with great certainty to the desired success in the coating of workpieces, for example for repairs whose upper flächenbeschicht- ^j ng in the present and then often ung opposite the former hue changed by Lichteinwirk¬ state. A new type of transparent pack, which was developed for this surface coating process, carries a lens system that directs the incident light in the pack onto packs with, for example, pre-aged coating materials, and thus, depending on the design of the lens system and the materials used for it. for example, material that automatically changes its light transmission, but which is still too expensive for this application in such a pack, furthermore enables aging in accordance with the circumstances.

2. Surface smoother with preferably roller-shaped pressing body for applying a plastic, modified natural material, natural material, metal, ceramic, substrate layer / layering or combinations thereof on workpieces made of metal / s, ceramic, substrate layer / s, plastic / s , Natural substances, modified natural substance / modified natural substances and or combinations of the aforementioned substances (1) and preferably after ^¬ following smoothing and / or structuring and preferably calibrating the applied and still partially fluid coating and calibrating the total workpiece thickness as a further novel method possibility, characterized in that according to claim 1, the adherence / sticking of the still partially liquid coating of the workpiece / the workpieces to the pressing body (s), workpiece transport device (s), release agent scraper device (s) by filler, which acts as a release agent (18) in the handle (16), completed by a lid (17), is stored and by the ver ^¬ adjustable metering device (12) that is to the part (14) is rotatably mounted and held (13) loose from an impact device, is applied to the roller-shaped contact body (11), (II ^1), the rolling resistance due to the setting ( 19) can be changed continuously. The part (19) is the heating and charging element (for static charging) with the supply line (22) in the handle (16 ') for the filler (18), which is preferably via the line (5') with compressed air as the carrier medium wahlwise can be supplied to the contact body (11), (ll ¹⁾ überdas guide plate (15 '), which is Untitled to the bracket (15) befes¬ for the pressing body, is achieved.

3. Surface smoother with preferably paraboloidal pressure body for application, or for smoothing and / or calibrating and also for structuring an applied and still partially liquid plastic, modified natural material, natural material, sintered metal powder, ceramic, substrate and combination material layer on workpieces made of preferably metal, plastic, ceramic and natural materials and combinations thereof, characterized in that according to claim 1, the pressing body (61) running about the longitudinal axis of the handle (16 '), the rolling resistance of which is infinitely adjustable by a device and that is reduced or increased by the frictional force between the pressing body and the workpiece, by the torque possibly generated by its motor drive, which is automatically adjusted to the correct frictional torque when driven by the conveying medium for the filler, which is used as a release agent. This self-activity is necessary when using the surface smoothing device in handling devices, since control units on the smoothing device are normally not required due to space restrictions.

In a further embodiment, the pressure body is infinitely adjustable in its position relative to the handle, at an angle different from 0 degrees to the handle (16 ').

4.Surface smoother, characterized in that according to claim 1, a coating layer (s) applied to a workpiece / on workpieces made of plastic, modified plastic, natural material, modified Na¬ turStoff / s, metal powder with binder, ceramic powder with binder, substrate and mixtures of The above-mentioned materials are still smoothed and / or calibrated, but optionally also structured, by means of the pressing body (s) covered with the release agent, preferably filler of the material used for the coating, by structuring the coated workpieces / the coated workpiece beneath which there is preferably by means of frictional force / frictional forces rotating and / or oscillating due to motor drive, staggering oscillating, reversing additionally and the rotary movement superimposing or exclusively moving / moving pressing body (s) are / will be carried out. This passage of the workpieces / The workpiece is preferably passed once under one or more such pressing bodies. The workpiece is supported by counter-rollers, link conveyor belts, conveyor belts and other suitable devices, which can then also be used as pressure bodies and are then also coated with release agents to prevent coating material from adhering, preferably by means of an adhesive force used by electrostatic charging by charging devices as in the opposing pressure bodies. This results in an electrostatic field on the pressing bodies on one or more sides compared to the workpiece (s) to be machined, which is weakened or strengthened by the friction between the pressing bodies and the coating on the workpiece / the workpieces depending on the polarization. This is preferably used to automatically adjust the strength of the charge to the process sequence in a control loop. In order to be able to maintain narrow tolerance bandwidths during smoothing and / or calibration and optionally structuring - this is necessary, for example, when processing substrate layers in semiconductor production - the rotating, oscillating, oscillating, straight line becomes novel Moving pressing bodies are dressed with an electrostatically charged, preferably vibrating, electrostatic "ruler" by "breaking" charged release agent particles from the release agent jacket of the pressing bodies by corresponding changes in potential on the charged release agent particles. In order to generate an idea of the delicacy of this electronic dressing , it should be pointed out that the particle sizes of the release agent can be in the resolving power of a good workshop microscope. With appropriate storage of the pressing bodies and compensation of the shape deviation of the receiving frame and the actual pressing bodies by electronically measured deviations from a predetermined value and automatic electronic regulation of the layer thickness of the release agent, the requirements in semiconductor production can be met without problems and the committee can be drastically reduced. This way of maintaining a given shape within narrow limits of the tolerated shape deviation is new. nd very economical and safe.

This method can also be used to achieve very sharply contoured depressions and elevations on workpieces, which has not been possible until now, namely by cutting in the contours with a release agent. are filled and then rolled over again, or the remaining surface to be smoothed and / or calibrated or also to be structured is finished with preferably roller-shaped pressing bodies in the still partially liquid state of the workpiece coating. The release agent is then sucked off / blown off / tipped / pulled away by electrostatic fields and, after a processing step, returned to the release agent container (s). The dosing of the release agent that falls on the workpiece is done first by screw conveyors, which are motor-driven by a controllable drive. Too much separating agent is sucked off through hoods and fed back to the separating agent container (s). The parameters temperature and electrostatic charge for the release agent can be specified in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions by means of a heating and charging unit, which is attached around the screw conveyor. The device / apparatus / machine will also be equipped for the coating process in a novel manner, in that the pressure bodies, preferably rollers, are turned on their periphery and after coating with a workpiece and the material to be coated of the coating material intended for this purpose, provided with a coordinated new coating, for example with a dressing diamond. According to the invention, the coating material must be heatable and statically chargeable, and this by means of the heating and charging devices preferably located in the rollers.

5. Surface smoother, characterized in that according to claim 1, a coating applied to a workpiece is preferably adapted to the workmanship of already coated workpieces in their condition of the environment. This can preferably be done by applying a coating layer of the materials contained in the pack / packs to the base pressing body, with the use of a release agent, but now applied to the surface of the workpiece to be repaired and undamaged at this point and the structure of this surface area by rolling it over with, for example, a simple hand surface smoother with only two torque positions - when removing the surface structure of the workpiece to be repaired when the pressure body is set on a small counter-torque - in the still partially liquid coating jacket on the surface smoother is removed and after the coating has hardened this is provided with a release agent and its surface structure is now transferred to the part of the workpiece to be repaired and provided with partially liquid coating material. The shape of the pressure body of the simple palm smoother is. preferably paraboloid in shape and its diameter matched to the material to be processed - preferably measuring the largest diameter approximately under an inch (25.4 millimeters). The shape of the pressure body and the material of the base pressure body allows the entire coating jacket to be stripped off after the repair work has been carried out.

In order to statically charge the surface smoother, it is either held in rolls or with a woolen cloth on the pressing body and on the shaft on which the pressing body can be moved in two latching positions and, depending on the latching position, has a different torque, due to the frictional force between the pressing body and the workpiece top ¬ can be turned to rub. The pressure body and shaft are made of electrostatically chargeable material. Such a surface smoother is new as well as use. In order to mix and match the various material components required and to be mixed for the process in the correct ratio and variable according to ⁽ quantity from the corresponding chambers of the pack added to and belonging to the surface smoothing agent with the surface smoothing agent used according to shape, diameter of the preferably paraboloid-shaped pressure body, aterial, surface quality, adjustable / adjustable rotation - depending on the coating material used - there are measuring sleeves with color coding on its shaft, corresponding to the color coding (s) on the package for the different packaging items with the various contents screwed on, plugged on and fixed in the various positions on the shaft by means of catches and / or markings. After "parting off", the coating material is taken up into the set cavity which is separated from the cylinder wall of the measuring device sleeve and the end face of the shaft end of the surface smoothing device and the ejection of the corresponding, preferably premixed, components of the coating material, the same are mixed together and processed. This type of metering components is novel, as is the creation of this Aus¬ _^ Meßhülsen used and allows wirtschaft¬ royal, material-saving and quality of the achievable coating as well as the adjustment of the color nuances to the surface structure. the coating to be repaired, the workpiece to be machined, simple and time-saving / material-saving, a quality that is quite comparable with professional adjustment, but with, for example, minor paint damage to, for example, new vehicles at a fraction of the costs previously incurred for such " Cosmetic repairs ", preferably with continued use of the repaired automobile after only a comparatively very short waiting time due to the hardening of the applied coating, which, however, in special cases also need not be taken into account in the case of a repair, since the coating stuffing is partly processed and has a sufficiently high mechanical strength under normal stress immediately after coating. This has not yet been achieved with any coating process / coating material which, moreover, can be carried out / used as a hobby by users who are not trained in it.

However, this is preferably only possible by coordinating the surface smoother and the coating material with simple metering of the, preferably premixed, coating components to be mixed by simple-to-use measuring sleeves in such repair kits, and here again only by holding together the utensils used / usable for this purpose, preferably in a transparent pack according to claim 1, wherein the formation of the plastic, natural material, modified natural material, substrate, plastic / metal / ceramic mixture (s) contained in this pack, their type of packaging, the possibility of resealable opened packaging chambers and their coding according to the content in connection with the coding of the measuring sleeves - preferably located on the shaft of the associated hand surface smoothing device - and the indication of the corresponding point in time - preferably every two years - of a correspondingly aged / pre-aged coating of the ve worked types of an automobile provided with it, for example, according to the year of manufacture, type and color / color, easily possible because of the novel transparency of the packs.

The transparency of the packs, as well as the plastic, natural material, modified natural material, plastic / metal pack / s containing transparent pack with a special lens system and / or made from a material which can be changed independently in terms of its translucency, leave an intended degree of aging of the coating material to, and at the same time on a large scale packaging material through the Viel¬ falt ^'is saved whose contents.