EP0512100A1 - Masking material effective in the infrared - Google Patents
Masking material effective in the infraredInfo
- Publication number
- EP0512100A1 EP0512100A1 EP92900300A EP92900300A EP0512100A1 EP 0512100 A1 EP0512100 A1 EP 0512100A1 EP 92900300 A EP92900300 A EP 92900300A EP 92900300 A EP92900300 A EP 92900300A EP 0512100 A1 EP0512100 A1 EP 0512100A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- coating
- dispersion
- carrier liquid
- nozzle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
- F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
- Y10T428/2996—Glass particles or spheres
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer
Definitions
- the field of the present invention is that of pulverulent materials intended to be spread by means of dispersion so as to produce a cloud of camouflage.
- ⁇ Smoke compositions have already been known for a long time which are effective in the visible range (from 0.4 ⁇ m to 0.8 ⁇ m), these compositions most often comprise an oxidant associated with a reducing agent and with a sublimable compound, see for example the patent US2939779
- the patent FR2396265 proposes to disperse the solid particles of a mineral powder using a propellant gas.
- patent US Pat. No. 4,484,195 describes a smoke-producing device dispersing by means of a turbine aluminum particles mixed with gas oil.
- the invention also provides a smoke generating device suitable for this type of material.
- the subject of the invention is a pulverulent material intended to be spread by means of dispersion so as to produce an effective camouflage cloud in the infrared range
- this material is characterized in that it comprises at least one powder of which the grains are coated with a coating which is chemically inert with respect to the grain, a coating resistant to temperatures lower than or equal to the dispersion temperature and not oxidizing in the open air.
- This coating may be a compound of Silica and Alumina and the average particle size of the coated powder will be chosen between 1 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m.
- the powder may contain at least one of the following components: Iron, Aluminum, Zinc, Boron, Copper, Chromium, alloys or oxides of these metals, carbon, polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the powder is a brass powder whose average particle size after coating is between 1 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m.
- the invention also relates to a smoke generating device in which the material is suspended in a carrier liquid, in this case the coating is chosen so that it does not oxidize on contact with this liquid either. and for temperatures lower than or equal to the dispersion temperature.
- the carrier liquid may be chosen from the following compounds: Diesel oil, low viscosity oil.
- the device comprises a mass of 50 g to 250 g of pulverulent material per liter of diesel.
- the dispersing means will comprise at least one turbine generating hot gas equipped with a nozzle, a reservoir equipped with a mixer and receiving the pulverulent material in suspension in the carrier liquid, the reservoir being connected to the nozzle by an electric pump.
- the control of the turbine is only authorized when the mixer is in operation.
- the invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows of a particular embodiment, description made with reference to the appended drawing which schematically represents a smoke generating device suitable for dispersing the material according to the invention .
- a smoke generating device suitable for dispersing the material according to the invention .
- metallic or mineral powders to produce an opaque smoke screen with infrared radiation.
- Metal powders are particularly interesting because they effectively reflect the infrared radiation received from the target that one seeks to mask.
- the powder placed in a container is dispersed by means of a propellant gas (such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide or compressed air), the gas arriving through a conduit inside the container and the latter carrying another nozzle-shaped opening to ensure fine dispersion of the powder.
- a propellant gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide or compressed air
- Patent O8808954 describes such a device.
- the use of hot air to completely vaporize the mineral oil leads to the choice of particles having good temperature stability such as brass or copper powders.
- brass powder with an average particle size of between 1 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m and dispersed with gas oil by means of hot air does not allow '' obtain a camouflage coefficient of 30% for a target at 200'C seen by a thermal camera 8 ⁇ m-12 ⁇ m at 1000 meters.
- Patents US3849152 and US2913419 describe the embodiments of such coated colored pigments.
- the first of these documents describes metallic pigments coated with silica or else polysiloxane
- the second document shows metallic particles covered with a metallic silicate.
- the preferred metallic pigments are brass grains coated with a vitreous protective layer and are sold by the company Eckart under the trade name "Resist Rotoflex". Although such a coating could cause fear of poor masking due to the modification of the reflecting power of uncoated brass, it was surprisingly found that the masking was good in the range 0.8 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m for the camouflage of all known thermal targets in the current battlefield.
- the masking of a hot source close to 200 ′ was compared by means of a powder of the Eckart Resist brass type with the masking given by an uncoated brass powder.
- the powders are in both cases mixed with gas oil and dispersed at a temperature of the order of 400 'by a turbine of the type described below.
- the average particle size remains invariable even during a dispersion at high temperature (of the order of 400 ° C.).
- the coating by its electrical insulating capacity prevents the agglomeration of the brass grains during their dispersion and the modification of the average particle size after dispersion which would result therefrom. It is possible from these observations to define other pulverulent materials suitable for infrared smoke masking.
- this limit temperature is 500 ° C. (temperature of the hot air used to disperse),
- refractory or ceramic materials are suitable for such an application, such as products based on
- Silicon such as polysiloxanes. Glasses or glassy products which include a mixture of Silica and Alumina are also well suited.
- Another advantage of the application according to the invention of a powder coated for the production of effective smoke masking materials in the infrared range is that it becomes possible to use metal powders having a lower temperature resistance. than that of Copper or Brass (such as Aluminum).
- the coating will maintain the average particle size of the aluminum even after dispersion with mineral oil sprayed at 400 "C.
- Another advantage is that the known coating methods can be adapted to powders made of non-metallic materials such as plastics or carbon.
- the attached figure shows a device for dispersing the pulverulent material so as to achieve smoke masking.
- the device comprises a tank 1 closed by a cover 4 and inside which is placed the pulverulent material mixed with a carrier liquid 2.
- the latter is chosen in a known manner from compounds such as diesel or oils of low viscosity (less than 13 Centistokes at 37.8 ° C.).
- These compounds have the characteristic of being able to be vaporized into fine droplets (of the order of a micron) by a current of hot air (of the order of 400 ° C.).
- a gas oil will be used in which a mass of 50 to 250 grams of pulverulent material is suspended per liter of gas oil.
- a pipe 7 connects the bottom of the tank to an electric pump 8, another pipe 9 bringing the suspension of the material in the carrier liquid to a dispersion nozzle 10. This nozzle ensures the vaporization of the carrier liquid carrying the grains of the infrared masking material and therefore the production of a cloud 14.
- the reservoir 1 comprises a mixer 3, comprising two blades carried by an axis which passes through the cover 4 at a bearing 6.
- This mixer is actuated by an electric motor ⁇ .
- a control box 12 controls the operation of the dispersing device by means of electrical connections 13a, 13b and 13c.
- the operation of the device is as follows:
Abstract
Le secteur technique de l'invention est celui des matériaux pulvérulents destinés à être répandus par des moyens de dispersion de façon à produire un nuage de camouflage efficace dans le domaine infrarouge. Le matériau selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une poudre dont les grains sont recouverts d'un enrobage chimiquement inerte vis-à-vis du grain, résistant aux températures inférieures ou égales à la température de dispersion, et ne s'oxydant pas à l'air libre. Les moyens de dispersion comprennent au moins une turbine (11) génératrice de gaz chaud équipée d'une tuyère (10), un réservoir (1) équipé d'un mélangeur (3) et recevant le matériau pulvérulent en suspension dans le liquide vecteur, le réservoir étant relié à la tuyère (10) par une électropompe (8).The technical sector of the invention is that of pulverulent materials intended to be spread by means of dispersion so as to produce an effective camouflage cloud in the infrared range. The material according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one powder, the grains of which are covered with a coating which is chemically inert with respect to the grain, resistant to temperatures lower than or equal to the dispersion temperature, and does not oxidize in the open air. The dispersing means comprise at least one turbine (11) generating hot gas equipped with a nozzle (10), a reservoir (1) equipped with a mixer (3) and receiving the pulverulent material in suspension in the carrier liquid, the reservoir being connected to the nozzle (10) by an electric pump (8).
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9014561A FR2669625B1 (en) | 1990-11-22 | 1990-11-22 | EFFECTIVE MASKING MATERIAL IN THE INFRARED FIELD. |
FR9014561 | 1990-11-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0512100A1 true EP0512100A1 (en) | 1992-11-11 |
Family
ID=9402459
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92900300A Withdrawn EP0512100A1 (en) | 1990-11-22 | 1991-11-21 | Masking material effective in the infrared |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5340395A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0512100A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH05503685A (en) |
AU (1) | AU645162B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2072979C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2669625B1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO179139C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992009544A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA919125B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0774642B1 (en) | 1995-11-17 | 2000-05-31 | Giat Industries | Dispersing or applicating process of an active material, composition and projectile manufactured according to such a process |
US5682010A (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1997-10-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method for creating a one way visible screening smoke |
US6420030B1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 2002-07-16 | Toda Kogyo Corporation | Black iron-based composite particles, process for producing the same, paint and rubber or resin composition containing the same |
FR2840978B1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-09-03 | Giat Ind Sa | MASKING AMMUNITION |
FR2840977B1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-09-03 | Giat Ind Sa | DEVICE AND MUNITION FOR PROTECTING A VEHICLE OR A FIXED PLATFORM AGAINST A THREAT |
US7624666B1 (en) * | 2003-07-08 | 2009-12-01 | Raytheon Company | Obscuration method for reducing the infrared signature of an object |
JP5386264B2 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2014-01-15 | 株式会社Ihiエアロスペース | Laser attack protection device |
RU2502082C2 (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2013-12-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Дельта" | Method of protecting object from missile |
US10941086B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2021-03-09 | Knowflame, Inc. | Capsaicinoid smoke |
US9617195B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2017-04-11 | Polaris Sensor Technologies, Inc. | Low flame smoke |
CN104596358A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-05-06 | 北京航天长征飞行器研究所 | Infrared smoke screen generation device |
US11932401B2 (en) | 2019-06-03 | 2024-03-19 | Felix M Batts | Tactical turbine aerosol generator integrated with an unmanned aerial vehicle |
US11305307B2 (en) | 2019-06-03 | 2022-04-19 | Felix M. Batts | Tactical turbine aerosol generator |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR826911A (en) * | 1936-12-31 | 1938-04-13 | Improvement in the production of columns or layers of vapors or fumes, large dimensions | |
US2408429A (en) * | 1942-05-06 | 1946-10-01 | Alonzo C Patterson | Smoke screen composition and the method of developing smoke screens therefrom |
US2913419A (en) * | 1956-04-18 | 1959-11-17 | Du Pont | Chemical process and composition |
US2939779A (en) * | 1958-04-09 | 1960-06-07 | Olin Mathieson | Pyrotechnic compositions |
US4484195A (en) * | 1960-06-10 | 1984-11-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method of screening infra-red radiation |
US3849152A (en) * | 1972-11-06 | 1974-11-19 | Ferro Corp | Polysiloxane encapsulation of pigments |
JPS5236861A (en) * | 1975-09-18 | 1977-03-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Remote control circuit for electric cleaner and the like |
DE2630731C3 (en) * | 1976-07-08 | 1979-06-21 | Eckart-Werke Standard-Bronzepulver- Werke Carl Eckart, 8510 Fuerth | Use of metal pigments in electrostatically sprayable wet and powder coatings |
DE2729055B2 (en) * | 1977-06-28 | 1979-07-12 | Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns-Juergen Diederichs Kg, 2077 Trittau | Method of creating dense clouds for military purposes |
SU854966A1 (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-08-15 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4855 | Method of surface treatment of pigment titanium dioxide |
DE3012405A1 (en) * | 1980-03-29 | 1981-10-01 | Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim | COMBINATION FOG |
JPS5877505A (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1983-05-10 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Production of metallic magnetic powder |
DE3147850C2 (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1984-06-14 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Broadband camouflage nebula |
US4568820A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1986-02-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Smoke generator |
JPS61266456A (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1986-11-26 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | High thermally conductive epoxy resin molding material |
JPS62153337A (en) * | 1985-12-27 | 1987-07-08 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | Epoxy resin composition |
SU1502535A1 (en) * | 1987-03-09 | 1989-08-23 | Научно-Производственное Объединение По Абразивам И Шлифованию "Внииаш" | Method of producing granulated electrocorundum |
USH360H (en) * | 1987-03-19 | 1987-11-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Slurry filled obscuration payload |
US4732085A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1988-03-22 | Gaf Corporation | Smoke generation apparatus and process using magnetic field |
US4808230A (en) * | 1987-06-16 | 1989-02-28 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Organic pigments coated with metal oxides fixed with ethyl cellulose |
USH769H (en) * | 1989-08-03 | 1990-04-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method of forming a safe visual smoke screen |
-
1990
- 1990-11-22 FR FR9014561A patent/FR2669625B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-11-18 ZA ZA919125A patent/ZA919125B/en unknown
- 1991-11-21 CA CA002072979A patent/CA2072979C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-21 EP EP92900300A patent/EP0512100A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-11-21 AU AU90412/91A patent/AU645162B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-11-21 US US07/877,182 patent/US5340395A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-21 WO PCT/FR1991/000920 patent/WO1992009544A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-11-21 JP JP4500431A patent/JPH05503685A/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-07-10 NO NO922749A patent/NO179139C/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9209544A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO922749L (en) | 1992-07-10 |
ZA919125B (en) | 1992-08-26 |
US5340395A (en) | 1994-08-23 |
AU9041291A (en) | 1992-06-25 |
FR2669625B1 (en) | 1994-06-03 |
CA2072979C (en) | 1999-04-20 |
JPH05503685A (en) | 1993-06-17 |
WO1992009544A1 (en) | 1992-06-11 |
AU645162B2 (en) | 1994-01-06 |
NO179139B (en) | 1996-05-06 |
CA2072979A1 (en) | 1992-05-23 |
NO922749D0 (en) | 1992-07-10 |
FR2669625A1 (en) | 1992-05-29 |
NO179139C (en) | 1996-08-14 |
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