EP0511230B1 - Feuerlösch-system - Google Patents

Feuerlösch-system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0511230B1
EP0511230B1 EP91901651A EP91901651A EP0511230B1 EP 0511230 B1 EP0511230 B1 EP 0511230B1 EP 91901651 A EP91901651 A EP 91901651A EP 91901651 A EP91901651 A EP 91901651A EP 0511230 B1 EP0511230 B1 EP 0511230B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
vessel
liquid
pressure vessel
fire extinguishing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91901651A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0511230A4 (de
EP0511230A1 (de
Inventor
James Henry Allison
Ian Robert Tronc
Peter Dunn
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Pyrozone Pty Ltd
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Pyrozone Pty Ltd
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Publication of EP0511230A4 publication Critical patent/EP0511230A4/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
    • A62C35/62—Pipe-line systems dry, i.e. empty of extinguishing material when not in use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/11—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance controlled by a signal from the danger zone
    • A62C35/15—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance controlled by a signal from the danger zone with a system for topping-up the supply of extinguishing material automatically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/036—Control means using alarms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/061—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
    • F17C2270/0754—Fire extinguishers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and system for the storage and supply of liquid CO 2 at low pressure for extinguishing fires and has particular use for extinguishing and prevention of electrical fires or fires for which water is not suitable as an extinguishing medium.
  • the most common types of fire protection systems for buildings such as high rise office blocks and the like comprise water sprinklers and water fire hoses.
  • the sprinklers and hoses are connected to an array of pipes extending throughout the building. Water is provided under pressure into the pipes by a central water source such as mains water and for high rise buildings it is necessary to have expensive and complex pumps associated with the mains water to ensure that the water can be pumped through all the water pipes at sufficient speed and pressure to provide a satisfactory discharge of water through the sprinklers.
  • the pump is generally powered by an internal combustion engine, the pump and engine being located in a basement and connected to the local water mains. Apart from the very high installation and maintenance costs, such systems become ineffective in the event that the basement is flooded or if the water main is fractured due to an explosion, earthquake and the like.
  • water is an unsatisfactory fire extinguishing medium for electrical fires, fires involving flammable liquids, fires involving plastics material such as furnishings, carpets, sound and heat insulation, and fires which are within an enclosed compartment (such as a computer terminal) where water cannot penetrate into the compartment.
  • CO 2 is suitable for use in computer installations, electrical and communication switchboards, records, storage installations and the like.
  • the standards governing the use CO 2 as a fire extinguishing medium require certain amounts of CO 2 be discharged into a risk site within a particular time period in order to provide an effective fire reduction or extinguishing effect.
  • the amount of CO 2 required necessitates the use of a battery of such high pressure cylinders connected to a manifold.
  • a risk site which requires 500kg of CO 2 necessitates a battery of at least 12 - 17 steel cylinders each connected to a common manifold.
  • a severe disadvantage with this system is that such a battery occupies a large amount valuable space, and due to the weight of a battery of 12 - 17 steel cylinders each weighing 136kg, there is a requirement to have special reinforcing in the floor supporting these cylinders.
  • Another disadvantage is that it is not possible to accurately determine the volume within each cylinder and whether or not any cylinder needs replacement and therefore periodic removal and inspection of the cylinders are required again adding to maintenance costs and resulting in a "risk" window occurring when a cylinder or cylinders are removed from the manifold.
  • a further disadvantage with the use of high pressure cylinders is that their requirement for a large amount of space normally results in the cylinders being situated outside the building or in a basement. Thus, extensive pipework is necessary to ensure that the high pressure gas can be conveyed from the remotely located cylinders to the risk area. This in turn adds to the cost of the fire extinguishing system, and the possibility of leaks occurring between the large number of couplings required between adjacent pipes.
  • a further disadvantage with the use of high pressure CO 2 is that the pipes and nozzles which convey the CO 2 to a risk site and discharge the CO 2 in to the risk site must be of sufficient strength to withstand the high pressures. This requires more expensive pipe work and careful joining of adjacent pipes together. The diameter of the pipe work is small to withstand the working pressures and this results in friction losses in the system.
  • a second known fire extinguishing system utilises halon gases as the fire extinguishing medium.
  • Halon gases comprise bromine compounds as well as chlorine compounds both of which are believed to damage the ozone layer.
  • the bromine compounds are thought to be even more hazardous than the chlorine or chlorine/fluorine compounds because they can cause damage by reacting with ozone even without sunlight and oxygen.
  • halon functions under low pressures of 350 psi therefore allowing low pressure pipeline to convey the halon from a halon storage cylinder to a discharge nozzle in a risk site.
  • Halons are currently being phased out of use in situations where the halon gas is dissipated as is the case with halon fire extinguishing systems.
  • the storage system included a pressure vessel having an internal cooling means located in the region normally occupied by gaseous CO 2 to maintain the low pressure within the pressure vessel and included a supply conduit to supply gaseous CO 2 from the pressure vessel.
  • the gaseous CO 2 was used principally in the hotel trade for the provision of carbonated beverages. It was essential that the CO 2 being withdrawn from the pressure vessel was in the gaseous state so that a supply of gaseous CO 2 at a constant pressure could be obtained.
  • This vessel was unsuitable for supplying liquid CO 2 at low pressure as the supply conduit was arranged such that only gaseous CO 2 was discharged from the vessel.
  • it is critical to ensure that liquid CO 2 passes into the associated pipeline and through the discharge nozzles so that the greatest rate of CO 2 transfer can be achieved. If only gaseous CO 2 was passed through the pipelines, only a fraction of the amount of CO 2 could be passed into a risk area unless extremely high pressures were used in which case there would be considerable damage in the risk area due to the explosive exit of gaseous CO 2 from the discharge nozzles. This would require extremely high strength pipework and discharge nozzles which would be impractical. Furthermore, the National Fire Protection Agency Code (NFPA) which is an International code requires liquid CO 2 to be passed into the reticulation system.
  • NFPA National Fire Protection Agency Code
  • U.S. patent 3282305 to Antolak discloses a cylinder filling apparatus.
  • the apparatus includes a large non-portable main tank or reservoir containing liquid CO 2 maintained at low temperatures by means of refrigerator coils through which circulates a supply of brine or other suitable coolant supplied by an externally located refrigeration apparatus.
  • the main tank has an outlet located at the bottom of the tank through which liquid CO 2 can be discharged into an arrangement to allow high pressure cylinders to be filled.
  • a recycling inlet pipe locates in a upper portion of the tank to recycle gaseous CO 2 .
  • the tank having an inlet means and outlet means for filling the vessel and furthermore there is no ability to accurately determine the liquid level within the vessel.
  • a further disadvantage is that the tank is heavy and is on a non-portable construction and would again be needed to be placed at a site remote from a risk area and on reinforced foundations.
  • such tanks generally have an elongated configuration and are required to be supported horizontally due to their size. For efficient cooling of the gas, it is necessary for a sufficient gap to be present between the liquid level and the upper wall of the tank and in a horizontal tank this results in an undesirable reduction of available liquid apace within the tank.
  • GB 586291 to Getz discloses a fire extinguishing system utilising liquid CO 2 .
  • the patent discloses the use of a single, large capacity low pressure tank as the liquid CO 2 supply.
  • This tank has an instrument panel located on it which has a liquid level gauge, pressure gauge and refrigeration control switch. An operator must periodically survey the instrument panel. Any leakage in the tank is not known without such an inspection.
  • the use of large volume tanks may not be possible in certain locations because of their large size. Therefore it is not possible to use the tank described in GB 586291 in many instances because of the abovementioned problems.
  • US2482778 to Joerren describes a system using low pressure liquid CO 2 as an extinguishing medium.
  • This system requires the use of a pressurized gaseous medium to discharge the liquid carbon dioxide.
  • the low pressure CO 2 containers of US 2482778 are also of the large bulk storage type and thus susceptible to the same problems as the tanks described in GB 586 291. Further, the use of a gaseous discharge medium adds additional cost and complexity to the system. There is also problems associated with contamination of the liquid CO 2 pressure vessel by the gaseous medium.
  • GB 509101 to Cardox (Great Britain) Limited concerns a fire extinguishing system having a plurality of high pressure CO 2 cylinders coupled to an upper gas manifold and a lower liquid CO 2 manifold, each manifold being coupled to a discharge line via a three way valve.
  • This system requires the discharge of a sufficient volume of gaseous CO 2 at high pressure to cool liquid CO 2 in the cylinders to an extent that its vapour pressure drops to a degree that liquid CO 2 will flow through the discharge line when the valve is actuated either manually or automatically.
  • the main problem with this system is that it requires evaporation of 1kg of gaseous CO 2 to sufficiently cool 2kg of liquid ie. only about two thirds of the stored mass is available as liquid CO 2 for efficient discharge.
  • low pressure as it relates to storage of liquefied gas according to the invention includes pressures in the order of about 1,000 - 4,000 KPa.
  • high pressure as it relates to the storage of liquefied gas according to the prior art includes pressures in the order of about 7,000 - 20,000 KPa.
  • the cooling means may be located within the vessel in an upper part thereof in a region normally occupied by gas and may comprise any means for cooling the gaseous form of CO 2 such as any suitable heat exchange means such as an evaporator associated with a compression or absorption refrigeration apparatus.
  • the evaporator suitably comprises one or more evaporator coils which can extend through the top wall of the pressure vessel and can be supported thereby. This arrangement allows the side wall and the bottom wall of the pressure vessel to be formed without any requirement for drilling or otherwise forming apertures in these areas.
  • each pressure vessel or a number of pressure vessels can be in gaseous communication with a separate chamber which houses a cooling means thereby allowing the gas in the or each pressure vessel to be cooled.
  • the refrigeration apparatus may be supported by the pressure vessel and suitably is mounted adjacent the top wall of the pressure vessel above the evaporator coils to allow for a compact design.
  • the inlet means suitably comprises one or more lengths of conduit which can extend through the top wall of the pressure vessel and through the interior of the pressure vessel to a position adjacent the bottom wall.
  • the lower end of the conduit is formed with an inclined opening such that the end of the conduit may abut against the bottom wall of the pressure vessel while still allowing CO 2 to pass into the conduit.
  • the inlet means may alternatively be positioned in an upper portion of the pressure vessel normally occupied by gas.
  • the inlet means may be positioned such that incoming fluid is sprayed over or through the gas existing in the pressure vessel.
  • the gaseous component of the incoming fluid may drift down and mix with the cooler existing gas in the system while the sub-cooled liquid component of the incoming fluid condenses some of the existing gas as it falls to the surface of any existing liquid in the vessel. This may assist in maintaining the working pressure in the vessel by correcting for the incoming gas.
  • the inlet means may also be positioned such that incoming fluid is sprayed over or contacts against the cooling means.
  • the outlet means may comprise one or more lengths of conduit which may extend through the top wall of the pressure vessel and into a region normally occupied by gas.
  • the conduit may extend through the interior of the vessel to a lower position in a region normally occupied by the liquid.
  • the inlet means and outlet means may comprise a common conduit.
  • the supply conduit suitably includes a supply valve to regulate passage liquid CO 2 from the cylinder.
  • the supply valve may be manually operable or operable by a remote sensor.
  • the supply conduit suitably has an internal cross-sectional size larger than that of a corresponding high pressure vessel to allow a similar volume of liquid CO 2 to exit from the vessel.
  • a "booster" source of high pressure such as an auxillary high pressure vessel may be provided.
  • the pressure vessels suitably include a liquid level indicating means.
  • the liquid level indicating means may be the same as disclosed in our earlier International patent application.
  • the liquid level indicating means may comprise a probe having a plurability of spaced thermo responsive transistors whose electrical current capacity changes as a function of the heat transfer rate of the respective gas and liquid phases of the liquid CO 2 .
  • a suitable level indicating means of this type is described in US Patent No 5339689 23 August 1994.
  • the probe may comprise one or more oscillators which are activated or deactivated in the presence of a liquid gas as a function of the change in the dielectric constant between the gas and liquid phases.
  • the liquid level indicating means locates within a housing, the housing extending through the top wall of the pressure vessel and into the pressure vessel. In this manner, the liquid level indicating means can be periodically removed for inspection and/or replacement without disrupting the sealing integrity of the pressure vessel.
  • the liquid level indicating means preferably extends through the top wall of the pressure vessel and may extend to adjacent the bottom wall of the vessel to allow the liquid level to be determined at all levels within the vessel.
  • a further cooling means may be associated with the inlet means to cool the fluid prior to entering into the pressure vessel.
  • This further cooling means may be located adjacent the exterior of the pressure vessel and in the heat exchange relationship with the conduit comprising the inlet means.
  • the pressure vessels may include a pressure release valve in the event of excess pressure build-up due to refrigeration system failure, excess filling or the like.
  • the pressure release valve may be connected adjacent one end of a conduit which may extend through the top wall of the pressure vessel or alternatively may be associated with the outlet means.
  • the pressure vessels include one or more pressure vessel sensors to sense variations from predetermined parameters and to activate a warning if a variation is sensed.
  • the pressure vessel sensors typically include a high pressure sensor, a low pressure sensor, an over fill sensor, an under fill sensor, a power failure sensor or any combination of the above.
  • the pressure sensors suitably comprise pressure switches in gaseous communication with the pressure vessel and typically are in communication with the conduit to which the pressure release valve is connected.
  • the fill sensors are suitably activated by a level indicating means.
  • the or each sensor may be coupled to a central computing means or via a telephonic system to a remote station which can thereby monitor the parameters of the pressure vessel.
  • the pressure vessels may include a heating means in a heat exchange relationship with the interior of the pressure vessel.
  • the heating means may be located within the lower portion of the pressure vessel in a region normally occupied by liquid.
  • the heating means may be located externally of the pressure vessel and in a heat exchange relationship therewith.
  • the heating means may be heated by waste heat from a condenser associated with the cooling means.
  • the heating means may be electrically energised.
  • the heating means comprises a heating element located within a housing which housing is positioned in a lower portion of the pressure vessel and in a heat exchange relationship with fluid in the vessel.
  • the heating means may comprise one or more heating elements positioned about the periphery of the pressure vessel.
  • the heating element may comprise one or more heating pads or a heating strip, tape or element which can be wound about the external periphery of the pressure vessel.
  • the elongate housing which houses the heating means extends through the top wall of the pressure vessel and through the pressure vessel to a position adjacent the bottom wall of the pressure vessel.
  • the housing extends through a side wall of the pressure vessel.
  • the heating means may be in a heat exchange relationship with an external conduit one end of which passes into a lower portion of the vessel normally occupied by liquid and the other end of which passes into an upper area of the vessel normally occupied by gas.
  • a further heating means may be associated with the supply conduit which supplies the liquid CO 2 .
  • the valve means suitably comprises a mechanical actuation means, thermally responsive actuation means, a fluid pressure actuation means, and electromechanical actuation means, or a combination thereof.
  • the detection means may comprise any suitable means for detecting or sensing conditions associated with the presence of fire.
  • the detection means may be responsive to infrared radiation, gaseous combustion products or both.
  • a suitable detection means comprises a fusible element, a thermally responsive element or the like.
  • the fire extinguishing system suitably comprises a pressure vessel as described above with the supply conduit of the pressure vessel being in fluid communication with the conveying conduit to convey the CO 2 from the pressure vessel to the risk site.
  • a plurality of the pressure vessels are coupled to a common manifold.
  • Each of the pressure vessels includes a supply valve which can be separately operated by one or more sensors which may be located in a single risk site or a plurality of separate risk sites.
  • the pressure vessels may be in constant fluid communication with the manifold thereby pressurising the manifold or alternatively the supply valve associated with the supply conduit may control the passage of CO 2 into the manifold.
  • the supply valve may be operable from a closed position to an open position by a sensor covering a risk site.
  • the conveying conduit to convey the CO 2 from the pressure vessel to the risk site is suitably connected to the manifold.
  • the conveying conduit is coupled to the manifold through a manifold valve.
  • the manifold valve may be operable from a closed position to an open position by a sensor covering a risk site.
  • a number of conveying conduits may be coupled to the manifold to convey liquid CO 2 to a number of risk sites or to various parts within a risk site.
  • Each of the pressure vessel sensors may be linked to a computing means which computes the volume of the risk site controlled by each of the risk site sensors and actuates one or more supply valves of one or more pressure vessels and one or more manifold valves (if present) to convey the required amount of liquid CO 2 towards the risk site or sites.
  • the computing means suitably comprises a logic processor.
  • the conveying conduit may comprise a primary conduit to convey CO 2 from the pressure vessel towards a risk site or a plurality of risk sites and a plurality of secondary conduits each extending from the primary conduit and extending through the risk site.
  • the secondary conduits suitably include one or more discharge nozzles to discharge the CO 2 into the risk site.
  • the primary and/or secondary conveying conduit may decrease in cross-sectional size along its length.
  • the discharge nozzles preferably comprise an upper substantially spherical body which is connected to the conveying conduit, and a lower outlet having a substantially conical configuration and a spigot communicating with the interior of the conveying conduit and extending into the upper main body and having one or more openings to discharge CO 2 from the conveying conduit and against the side walls of the upper main body, the CO 2 subsequently passing through the lower outlet and into the risk site.
  • Figure 1 discloses an apparatus having a pressure vessel for storing and supplying liquid CO 2 at low pressure for use in the system of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises an outer cabinet 11 which can be manufactured from metal or plastics material.
  • the base of outer cabinet 11 is raised from a floor portion by spacers 12 to allow tynes of an elevating apparatus to pass between spacers 12 thereby allowing the apparatus to be transported.
  • Outer cabinet 11 houses a pressure vessel 13.
  • Outer cabinet 11 includes a top wall 14 and an upper shield 15 to protect the associated components located on top wall 14 against damage.
  • a steel mesh 16 connects upper shield 15 with top wall 14 to prevent damage to the various components located in this area.
  • the apparatus includes a supply conduit 17 which extends through an opening in upper shield 15 and which terminates with a supply valve 18 as more clearly described below.
  • Supply valve 18 can be actuated manually or remotely by a remote sensor.
  • tank 13 is surrounded by insulating material 22 which in the embodiment comprises polyurethane foam.
  • a vapour seal (not shown) is provided around insulating material 22 which typically comprises a bituminous or pitch-like material.
  • Pressure vessel 13 is supported within outer cabinet 11 by feet 23.
  • Pressure vessel 13 comprises an inlet means 24 which comprises a suitable pipe extending through the top wall 25 of pressure vessel 13 and to adjacent a bottom wall 26 of pressure vessel 13.
  • the lower end of pipe 24 is formed with an inclined opening 26A such that if pipe 24 abuts against bottom wall 26, an opening is still provided to allow fluid flow through pipe 24.
  • the upper end of pipe 24 is provided with a conventional quick connect coupling assembly 27 to allow the pipe to be coupled to a supply of CO 2 .
  • Pressure vessel 13 also includes an outlet means in the form of a pipe (not shown) which extends into an upper portion of pressure vessel 13 normally occupied by gas and is also formed with a conventional quick connect coupling assembly as is the case with pipe 24.
  • the apparatus further comprises a cooling means in the form of a refrigeration apparatus 28 and an evaporator coil 29 located within pressure vessel 13 in an upper part normally occupied by gas.
  • Refrigeration apparatus 28 is supported by top wall 14 of cabinet 11 and evaporator coil 29 extends through an opening in the top wall 25 of pressure vessel 13 and extends about supply conduit 17. It should be appreciated however that this particular arrangement of evaporator coil 29 is for convenience only.
  • a pressure release valve 30 extends through top wall 25 of pressure vessel 13 and allows excess pressure to vent from the apparatus.
  • the supply conduit 17 extends through top wall 25 and terminates adjacent bottom wall 26 of pressure vessel 13.
  • the lower end of supply conduit 17 is formed with an inclined opening to facilitate movement of liquid CO 2 into the conduit.
  • Supply conduit 17 extends through upper shield 15 and may be associated with a supply valve.
  • the pressure vessel 13 includes a liquid level indicating means 31 in the form of a probe having a plurality of spaced thermoresponsive transistors. Probe 31 extends partially into the vessel 13 to allow measurement of the liquid level when the pressure vessel is full or 90% full. Of course probe 31 could extend through vessel 11 to adjacent bottom wall 26 to allow all levels in the vessel to be measured.
  • An apparatus for storing and supplying 500kg of CO 2 has the following or equivalent unit specifications
  • Figure 2 discloses diagrammatically the layout of various components supported by top wall 14.
  • the Figure shows the positioning of refrigeration apparatus 28, inlet pipe 24 and the outlet vapour return pipe 32, supply conduit 17, supply valve 18, refrigeration pressure switch 33, high pressure switch 34, low pressure switch 35, gage link test connector 36, printed circuit board 37, visual pressure gage 22, refrigeration control relay 38, power failure relay 39, gage line isolating valve 40, discharge valve control connection 41, and pressure relief valves 30. It should be appreciated that this particular layout is for convenience only and other layouts may be equally applicable.
  • FIG. 3 discloses an alternative embodiment of the pressure vessel according to the invention.
  • Pressure vessel 42 includes a top wall 43 and a bottom wall 44 and is supported by feet 45 from the bottom wall of a cabinet (not shown).
  • supply conduit 46 extends through one side of top wall 43 to adjacent bottom wall 44.
  • Supply conduit 46 is formed with connector 47 located on conduit 46 externally of pressure vessel 42 and which can be coupled to a source of liquid CO 2 . Coupling 47 thereby allows conduit 46 to function both as the supply conduit and the inlet means for filling the pressure vessel.
  • An outlet means 48 is located spaced from supply conduit 46 and extends through top wall 43 to an upper portion of the pressure vessel normally occupied by gas. This particular arrangement minimizes the number of opening required to be formed or drilled into pressure vessel 42.
  • a liquid level monitoring device 49 locates within pressure vessel 42 and extends to bottom wall 44 to allow accurate determinations of the liquid level.
  • the pressure vessel of this embodiment includes a tubular housing 50 extending through vessel 42. Housing 50 can accommodate a removable heater (not shown) such as an element heater to allow the liquid contents of the tank to be heated.
  • FIG. 5 refers to a further embodiment of the apparatus.
  • a pressure vessel 100 for storing and supplying liquid CO 2 at low pressure.
  • Pressure vessel 100 is insulated (not shown).
  • the vessel has an inlet means 101 for filling vessel 100 with liquid CO 2 and which comprises an inlet valve 102 and an inlet conduit 103 which passes through top wall in vessel 100 to an upper position in the tank normally occupied by gas.
  • the pressure vessel further comprises a supply conduit 104 extending through top wall of vessel 100 and to adjacent the bottom wall of vessel 100.
  • a cooling means in the form of a refrigerant evaporator 105 connected in circuit with a conventional refrigeration system showing generally 106 and comprising a compressor 107, capillary 108, dryer/filter 109, and condenser 110.
  • Inlet conduit 103 is positioned such that incoming CO 2 is sprayed over or contacts evaporator 105.
  • a liquid level indicating means in the form of a probe 111 locates within pressure vessel 100 and extends to adjacent the bottom wall thereof and is coupled to a readout 112 to indicate the liquid level.
  • a pressure relief valve 113 is fitted to a top wall of vessel 100 to vent any excess pressure beyond the predetermined limit.
  • a pressure actuable switch (not shown) is operable when a predetermined pressure is reached within vessel 100 to actuate the refrigeration system 106 to cool the gaseous CO 2 at the top of vessel 100 and thereby reduce the pressure within the vessel to a predetermined level at which the refrigeration system is switched off.
  • a heating element 117 is provided and comprises a closed off tube 114 extending across the interior of the vessel with a heating element (not shown) located within the closed off tube. In this manner, the element can be removed from the tube for inspection or replacement in a simple manner. The heating element can be actuated to maintain the liquid CO 2 within predetermined pressure and temperature limits.
  • a further heating element 115 may be located about supply conduit 104 during heavy discharge rates and a further cooling element 116 may be located about inlet 103 to further cool incoming CO 2 for filling purposes.
  • Figure 6 discloses a modification to the pressure vessel of Figure 5 where the inlet means comprises a conduit 120 extending through the top wall of pressure vessel 100 to adjacent the bottom wall thereof. In this manner, incoming CO 2 percolates through the liquid CO 2 within vessel 100 and is cooled thereby.
  • the outlet means as in Figure 7 can include part of pressure relief valve 113.
  • Figure 7 discloses a further embodiment of the pressure vessel wherein the inlet means for filling the vessel and the supply conduit for supplying liquid CO 2 are combined to form a common conduit 125. This minimises the requirement for drilling or otherwise forming openings within vessel 100.
  • Figure 8 discloses a fire extinguishing system comprising a plurality of pressure vessels 140 - 144 for storing and supplying liquid CO 2 at low pressure.
  • Each of pressure vessels 140 - 144 is connected to a manifold 145 and permanently pressurises manifold 145 with CO 2 . If supply valves are provided between a pressure vessel and the manifold, the supply valve is left in a fully opened position.
  • Coupled to manifold 145 are two separate conveying conduits 146, 147 which are coupled to manifold 145 through manifold valves 148, 149. Valves 148, 149 are operable by sensors 150, 150A located in or adjacent a risk site.
  • a number of secondary conduits 151 - 154 extend from conveying conduit 146, 147 and include a plurality of discharge nozzles 155, 156.
  • the respective risk site sensor 150, 151 activates its respective valve 148, 149 which in turn results in pressure vessels 140 - 144 exhausting their contents through manifold 145 and conveying conduit 146 (or 147) and through discharge nozzles 155 or 156.
  • Figure 9 shows an improved version of the system of Figure 8.
  • a plurality of pressure vessels 160 - 164 are connected to a common manifold 165 through individual supply valves 166 - 170.
  • one or more conveying conduits 171, 172 are coupled to manifold 165 through manifold valves 173, 174 and are associated with a CO 2 reticulation system similar to that disclosed in Figure 8.
  • a risk site sensor 175, 176 is located in or adjacent each risk site and is connected to a central computer in the form of a logic processor 177.
  • Logic processor 177 can operate each individual supply valve 166 - 170 and each manifold valve 173, 174.
  • a respective risk site sensor Upon a fire being detected in a risk site, a respective risk site sensor sends a signal to the logic processor 177.
  • Logic processor 177 computes (or has in its memory storage) the volume of the respective risk site and actuates one or more of the pressure vessels 160 - 164 and a respective manifold valve 173, 174 to direct a correct quantity of liquid CO 2 to the risk site.
  • This system has the advantage that not all pressure vessels need to be used or exhausted at the same time thereby allowing exhausted pressure vessels to be refilled while having fully charged pressure vessels in reserve in case of a fire being detected during a filling operation of certain of the pressure vessels. Any leaks or damage to a pressure vessel causing escape of liquid CO 2 from that vessel will not result in compromising the CO 2 contents of any other vessel (as the case is with the system of Figure 8).
  • the discharge nozzles may comprise a fusible element and upon a fire being sensed by one or more discharge nozzle, a signal is sent to logic processor 177 which computes the exact amount of liquid CO 2 to be discharged to that particular nozzle.
  • pressure vessels 160 - 164 need not be of the same volume and may include pressure vessels of differing volumes (such as 525kg, 300kg and 150kg) with the logic processor being able to selectively open the supply valves of any particular vessel thereby ensuring a proper supply of liquid CO 2 to a risk site upon detection of a fire.
  • Figure 10 shows a portion of a particular conduit system comprising a primary conduit 190 to convey CO 2 from a pressure vessel toward a risk site and a plurality of secondary conduits 191 extending from primary conduits 190 and containing discharge nozzles 192, 193.
  • Primary conduit 190 decreases in cross-sectional area after a first secondary conduit has branched from it to ensure a constant pressure within the conduit. Similarly, a respective secondary conduit decreases in cross-section after one or more attached discharge nozzles to provide each nozzle with approximately equal discharge pressure.
  • the area of reduced cross-section comprise pipes of different diameter which are coupled together through a suitable reduction coupling (not shown).
  • FIG 11 shows a suitable discharge nozzle for use in a fire extinguishing system.
  • the nozzle 200 comprises an upper substantially spherical body 201 and a lower substantially conical outlet 202.
  • Upper body 201 is connected to a secondary conduit (or primary conduit) in any suitable manner and a hollow spigot 203 communicates with the interior of the conduit and extends to a point approximately midway through spherical body 201.
  • Spigot 203 includes a plurality of lower openings 204 through which the liquid CO 2 exits in a substantially lateral fashion.
  • the CO 2 contacts an internal wall of body 201 and assumes a pathway generally shown by arrows 205 to exit from lower outlet 202.
  • the fire extinguishing system according to the invention can use the identical pipework currently used with halon extinguishing systems although it is preferred that the normal halon discharge nozzles are replaced with those illustrated in Figure 11.
  • high pressure CO 2 systems cannot be directly coupled to halon pipework as the halon pipework operates at low pressure similar to that of low pressure CO 2 .
  • the pressure vessels used in the system of the present invention are fully self-contained, and are portable allowing them to be moved and positioned at any desirable location within a building and not necessarily on a ground floor or outside the building.
  • a unit storing 500g of CO 2 takes up approximately the same space of a large domestic refrigerator and does not require any strengthening of the floor on which the unit is positioned.
  • the unit can be positioned immediately adjacent a risk site thereby saving on the length of conduit required in the risk site.
  • Any number of units can be connected together through a common manifold and the unit can be of various sizes to allow any amount of liquid CO 2 to be discharged into a risk site.
  • a risk site is increased in size, additional units can be coupled to the existing units with the minimum of cost or downtime. Alternatively, if a risk site is reduced in size, the unit can be simply replaced with a smaller unit.
  • the units are equipped with an array of alarms and sensors to continuously monitor the pressure and liquid level within the pressure vessel and any variation of the pressure or liquid level can set off an alarm or a signal can be sent to a remote station to allow inspection of the vessel.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Feuerlöschsystem zur Speicherung und Zuführung von flüssigem CO2 bei niedrigem Druck zu einer oder mehreren Gefahrenstellen, mit
    zwei oder mehr Niederdruckbehältern (160,161), von denen jeder eine in den Unterteil des Behälters führende Zuführungsleitung für die Zuführung von flüssigem CO2, eine Eingangseinrichtung (24) zur Befüllung des Druckbehälters und eine Kühleinrichtung (28,29) für das in dem Behälter gespeicherte CO2 umfaßt,
    einer mit den zwei oder mehr Druckbehältern (160,161) verbundenen Leitungsverzweigung (165), die mit jeder der Zuführungsleitungen (17) in Strömungsmittelverbindung steht,
    einer oder mehreren Förderleitungen (171, 172) zur Förderung des flüssigen CO2 von der Leitungsverzweigung (165) zu der einen oder zu mehreren Gefahrenstellen, und
    einer oder mehreren Abgabedüsen (155), die an die oder jede der einen oder mehreren Förderleitungen (171, 172) zur Abgabe des darin geförderten flüssigen CO2 angeschlossen sind,
    wobei das System einen oder mehrere Druckbehälterfühler (31) umfaßt, um Änderungen an einem oder mehreren bestimmten Betriebsparametern des wenigstens einen Druckbehälters festzustellen, und ein oder mehrere Abgabeventile (166, 173) hat, die in Reaktion auf den Betrieb eines oder mehrerer Gefahrenstellenfühler (175, 176) betätigbar sind, um die Strömung von flüssigem CO2 in eine oder mehrere Förderleitungen (171, 172) freizugeben, wobei bei der Benutzung jedes des wenigstens einen Abgabeventils (166, 173) bei Aktivierung des wenigstens einen Gefahrenstellenfühlers selektiv betätigbar ist.
  2. Feuerlöschsystem nach Anspruch 1, bei dem jedes von dem wenigstens einen Abgabeventil ein Zuführungsventil (166) umfaßt, das zwischen der Leitungsverzweigung (165) und dem betreffenden Druckbehälter (160) angeordnet ist.
  3. Feuerlöschsystem nach Anspruch 1, bei dem jedes von dem wenigstens einen Abgabeventil ein Verzweigungsventil (173) umfaßt, das in einer Förderleitung (171) angeordnet ist.
  4. Feuerlöschsystem nach Anspruch 1 mit zwei oder mehr Abgabeventilen, von denen wenigstens eins
    ein zwischen der Leitungsverzweigung und einem zugehörigen Druckbehälter (160) angeordnetes Zuführungsventil (166) umfaßt und wenigstens ein der zwei oder mehr Abgabeventile ein in einer Förderleitung (171) angeordnetes Verzweigungsventil (173) aufweist.
  5. Feuerlöschsystem nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei dem die Betriebsparameter des einen oder der mehreren Druckbehälter unter dem Innendruck, dem Flüssigkeitsniveau oder dem Leistungszustand oder einer Kombination daraus ausgewählt sind.
  6. Feuerlöschsystem nach Anspruch 5, bei dem der Druckbehälterfühler zur Feststellung von Änderungen des Flüssigkeitsniveaus eine Sonde mit auf Abstand angeordneten, elektrisch betriebenen, elektronischen Geräten zur Unterscheidung zwischen gasförmigem CO2 und flüssigem CO2 umfaßt.
  7. Feuerlöschsystem nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei dem ein oder mehrere Gefahrenstellenfühler (175, 176) mit einer Computer-Einrichtung (177) gekoppelt sind.
  8. Feuerlöschsystem nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei dem die Druckbehälterfühler mit einer Computer-Einrichtung (177) gekoppelt sind.
  9. Feuerlöschsystem nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch mit Fernüberwachungseinrichtungen für von den Druckbehälterfühlern emittierte Signale.
  10. Feuerlöschsystem nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei dem die Kühleinrichtung (28, 29) in Gasverbindung mit dem CO2 in jedem der Druckbehälter ist.
  11. Feuerlöschsystem nach Anspruch 10, bei dem die Kühleinrichtung in einer in Gasverbindung mit jedem Druckbehälter befindlichen Kammer angeordnet ist.
  12. Feuerlöschsystem nach Anspruch 10, bei dem separate Kühleinrichtungen mit jedem der Druckbehälter verbunden sind.
EP91901651A 1990-01-08 1991-01-08 Feuerlösch-system Expired - Lifetime EP0511230B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPJ8118/90 1990-01-08
AUPJ811890 1990-01-08
AUPK026290 1990-03-02
AUPK0262/90 1990-03-02
AUPJ993390 1990-05-03
AUPJ9933/90 1990-05-03
PCT/AU1991/000006 WO1991010477A1 (en) 1990-01-08 1991-01-08 Apparatus and system for the storage and supply of liquid co2 at low pressure for extinguishing of fires

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0511230A1 EP0511230A1 (de) 1992-11-04
EP0511230A4 EP0511230A4 (de) 1994-04-13
EP0511230B1 true EP0511230B1 (de) 1997-11-05

Family

ID=27157538

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91901651A Expired - Lifetime EP0511230B1 (de) 1990-01-08 1991-01-08 Feuerlösch-system

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0511230B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3062954B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE159862T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69128141T2 (de)
HK (1) HK1004594A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1991010477A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5287702A (en) * 1992-05-15 1994-02-22 Preferred Co2 Systems, Inc. Carbon dioxide storage with thermoelectric cooling for fire suppression systems
CN1090979C (zh) * 1997-12-23 2002-09-18 张维顶 一种高速自动喷射灭火方法及其装置
FR2781037B1 (fr) * 1998-07-10 2000-10-13 Messer France Installation de regulation fonctionnelle d'une unite de stockage-distribution de dioxyde de carbone
US6921858B2 (en) * 2002-11-08 2005-07-26 Bechtel Bwxt Idaho, Llc Method and apparatus for pressurizing a liquefied gas
DE102004033453A1 (de) * 2004-07-06 2006-01-26 J. Lorch Gesellschaft & Co. Gmbh Überdruckventil
US8800585B2 (en) 2011-12-08 2014-08-12 Kidde Technologies, Inc. High rate discharge (HRD) valve incorporating a rotating lever release mechanism
US8757191B2 (en) 2011-12-08 2014-06-24 Kiddie Technologies, Inc. High rate discharge (HRD) valve opening mechanism for a fire and explosion protection

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB232750A (en) * 1924-03-22 1925-04-30 Aloys Groer Improvements in self-acting fire extinguishing apparatus
GB509101A (en) * 1938-10-01 1939-07-11 Cardox Great Britain Ltd Improvements in fire extinguishing apparatus employing carbon dioxide as a fire extinguishing medium
US2544016A (en) * 1942-09-28 1951-03-06 Cardox Corp Fire extinguishing system
US2482778A (en) * 1944-03-04 1949-09-27 Specialties Dev Corp Fluid pressure medium dispensing system
GB586291A (en) * 1944-08-18 1947-03-13 Cardox Corp Fire extinguishing system
US2529127A (en) * 1945-10-25 1950-11-07 Cardox Corp Fire extinguishing system
BE544094A (de) * 1955-01-04
CA1152857A (en) * 1982-11-01 1983-08-30 Walter G. Miller Fire extinguishing system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69128141D1 (de) 1997-12-11
EP0511230A4 (de) 1994-04-13
JPH05504702A (ja) 1993-07-22
EP0511230A1 (de) 1992-11-04
HK1004594A1 (en) 1998-11-27
DE69128141T2 (de) 1998-05-28
WO1991010477A1 (en) 1991-07-25
JP3062954B2 (ja) 2000-07-12
ATE159862T1 (de) 1997-11-15

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