EP0508959B1 - Méthode et dispositif pour l'extinction de feux alimentés par un combustible sous pression ayant un degré d'inflammabilité élevé, notemment de feux de puits de pétrole - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif pour l'extinction de feux alimentés par un combustible sous pression ayant un degré d'inflammabilité élevé, notemment de feux de puits de pétrole Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0508959B1
EP0508959B1 EP92830034A EP92830034A EP0508959B1 EP 0508959 B1 EP0508959 B1 EP 0508959B1 EP 92830034 A EP92830034 A EP 92830034A EP 92830034 A EP92830034 A EP 92830034A EP 0508959 B1 EP0508959 B1 EP 0508959B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
extinguishing
fire
fires
compositions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92830034A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0508959A1 (fr
Inventor
Tommaso Candelieri
Antonio Gerardi
Angelo Marino
Olindo Nifosi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie lEnergia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile ENEA
Original Assignee
Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie lEnergia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile ENEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie lEnergia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile ENEA filed Critical Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie lEnergia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile ENEA
Publication of EP0508959A1 publication Critical patent/EP0508959A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0508959B1 publication Critical patent/EP0508959B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B35/00—Methods or apparatus for preventing or extinguishing fires
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/10—Containers destroyed or opened by flames or heat

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for putting out fires under pressure, in particular fires of oil wells and the like.
  • the main feature of such a system is that of using in combination the extinguishing effect of suitable compositions and the pressure wave directed to the fire so as to dispense instantaneously and homogeneously such compositions on the whole area on fire causing fire to extinguish at once.
  • the present invention seeks to solve the problem of easily and economically putting out fires under pressure avoiding the drawbacks involved by the present methods.
  • the object is attained by releasing at once a predetermined amount of an extinguishing composition or mixture of compositions at a suitable pressure and in such a position as to be effective against the fire.
  • a fire extinguisher comprising a container with halogen hydro-carbons as extinguishing means and adapted to open by an inner overpressure, in such a way that the gas generated by heating is released to fill the surrounding room and soffocate the fire.
  • the present method is based upon the combination of the extinguishing effect of the used compositions and the homogeneous, effective, instant distribution of said compositions over the whole front of the fire because of a shock wave.
  • both the shape and size of the container may be varied and fitted to the characteristics of the fire to be put out provided that the cone of diffusion formed as a result of the collapse is able to cover the whole front of the fire.
  • this invention consists according to claim 1 of a method of putting out fires fed by a pressurised medium having a high degree of inflammability, in particular fires of oil wells, wherein a shock wave is used to dispense an extinguishing composition at once and homogeneously over the whole front of the fire, the method including the use of a container of an extinguishing composition or with a mixture of extinguishing an/or inert compositions alone or in any combination with one another, said container being adapted to collapse at a predetermined break line relative to the shape of the container as a result of the increase of the internal pressure of the contained composition(s) due to the thermal gradient created by the fire to be put out, thereby creating said shock wave, whereby a preferential and effective distribution of said composition(s) over the front of the fire to be put out is obtained thus causing concurrently the fire to be put out.
  • the invention consists also of an apparatus according to claims 3 and 4 .
  • the empty container 4 is formed as a hemisphere 8 having walls of thickness d1 and a conical body 6 of thickness d2 overlapped thereto and provided at the top with a hook means 14.
  • the thicknesses d1 and d2 are designed as a function of the material of which the container is made so that the container collapses under the effect of the increasing pressure generated by the temperature gradient causing the expansion of the compositions contained therein and it releases at once and at a predetermined pressure the extinguishing mixture which is conveyed to the whole front of the fire.
  • the container may be formed of any material provided that it is uninflammable.
  • containers of aluminum and alloys thereof, copper and bronze have been used in the experimental tests.
  • the loading of the compositions to be used is carried out through common sealing input means 10 and 12 which are usually provided under safety conditions.
  • compositions having a very low boiling point i.e. under liquefied form.
  • halogen derivatives of methane and ethane in particular C2F5Cl, CHClF2, CCl2F2, CHF3, used alone or in combination with one another, at varying relative proportions and with or without liquid nitrogen which besides the extinguishing characteristic has also a propellant effect causing a more effective diffusion of the used compositions.
  • the putting out method according to the present invention is extremely easy and immediate: after having partially filled the container with the composition or mixture of extinguishing compositions, the sealed container is suitably placed over the fire by any known means.
  • the inner pressure of the container is quickly increased, and when the value determined by the characteristics of the material and by the thickness of the thinner walls is reached, the container collapses and spreads vapours of the contained compositions under pressure onto the fire through the broken sheet.
  • the collapse occurs at the lower portion of the container as the walls of the hemishere have a lower thickness than that of the overlapped conical body.
  • This upper part of the container above the predetermined break line remains integral after the collapse of the container and prevents the vapours from dissipating upwards so that said vapours are conveyed downwards to attack the flames and put fire out.
  • FIG. 2 An alternate embodiment of the device of the invention is shown in Figure 2.
  • the container has a spherical geometry without prejudice to the difference in the thicknesses d1 and d2 of the two hemispheres 8 and 8a, respectively, and has a predetermined break line at the section of largest diameter.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Un procédé pour l'extinction de feux alimentés par un combustible sous pression ayant un degré d'inflammabilité élevé, notamment de feux de puits de pétrole, dans lequel on utilise une onde de souffle pour distribuer une composition d'extinction en une seule fois et de manière homogène sur tout le front du feu, le procédé comprenant l'utilisation d'un récipient d'une composition d'extinction ou d'un mélange d'une composition d'extinction et/ou d'une composition inerte, seule ou en combinaison quelconque l'une avec l'autre, ledit récipient étant prévu pour s'écraser à une valeur de pression prédéterminée selon une ligne de rupture prédéterminée par rapport à la forme du récipient à la suite d'une augmentation de la pression interne de la ou des compositions contenues du fait du gradient thermique créé par le feu à éteindre, en créant ainsi ladite onde de souffle, de sorte qu'une distribution préférentielle et efficace de la ou desdites compositions sur le front du feu à éteindre est obtenue en provoquant en même temps l'extinction du feu.
  2. Le procédé de la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que ladite composition ou le rapport en pourcent dudit mélange de compositions contenu dans ledit récipient est choisi selon les caractéristiques du feu à éteindre.
  3. Dispositif pour l'extinction de feux alimentés par un combustible sous pression ayant un degré d'inflammabilité élevé, notamment de feux de puits de pétrole, comprenant un récipient de compositions d'extinction. par lequel le récipient est d'une forme, d'une dimension et d'une matière prévues pour s'écraser à une valeur prédéterminée de pression interne et qui, après son écrasement, distribue les compositions d'extinction en une seule fois et de manière homogène sur tout le front du feu, caractérisé en ce que le récipient se compose d'une hémisphère (8) recouverte par un corps conique (6), les parois de l'hémisphère présentant une épaisseur (d1) plus faible que celle (d2) du corps conique de recouvrement, de sorte que l'écrasement se produit à la partie inférieure du récipient.
  4. Dispositif pour l'extinction de feux alimentés par un combustible sous pression ayant un degré d'inflammabilité élevé, notamment de feux de puits de pétrole, comprenant un récipient de compositions d'extinction, par lequel le récipient est d'une forme, d'une dimension et d'une matière prévues pour s'écraser à une valeur prédéterminée de pression interne et qui, après son écrasement, distribue les compositions d'extinction en une seule fois et de manière homogène sur tout le front du feu, caractérisé en ce que le récipient présente une forme sphérique, par laquelle il se compose de deux hémisphères (8, 8a) d'épaisseur de parois différentes (d1, d2), et en ce qu'il présente une ligne de rupture prédéterminée (5') au niveau de la section de plus grand diamètre.
  5. Le dispositif de la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdites compositions d'extinction appartiennent à la classe des dérivés halogénés, principalement le méthane et l'éthane, ayant des caractéristiques d'extinction.
  6. Le dispositif des revendications 3 ou 4, et 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdites compositions sont utilisées seule ou en combinaison l'une avec l'autre à des proportions variées ou mélangées à des compositions inertes liquéfiées, telles que de l'azote liquide.
  7. Le dispositif des revendications 3 ou 4, et suivantes, caractérisé en ce que seulement une quantité d'azote ou d'autre gaz inerte, seul ou mélangé l'un à l'autre, ayant un pouvoir de dilatation élevé est utilisée en tant que composition d'extinction.
  8. Le dispositif des revendications 3 ou 4, et suivantes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est contenu dans une cage qui peut être réalisée en métal ou en une autre matière présentant un maillage résistant aux conditions de fonctionnement dans le but d'éviter que des parties de tôles brisées soient projetées tout autour du lieu de fonctionnement.
  9. Le dispositif des revendications 3 ou 4, et suivantes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé en matière ininflammable.
  10. Le dispositif des revendications 3 ou 4 et suivantes, caractérisé en ce qu'on prévoit des moyens d'entrée et d'obturation pour remplir de liquides inertes et/ou d'extinction le récipient sous des conditions de sécurité.
EP92830034A 1991-04-09 1992-01-29 Méthode et dispositif pour l'extinction de feux alimentés par un combustible sous pression ayant un degré d'inflammabilité élevé, notemment de feux de puits de pétrole Expired - Lifetime EP0508959B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRM910239 1991-04-09
ITRM910239A IT1245274B (it) 1991-04-09 1991-04-09 Metodo e dispositivo per l'estinzione di incendi con fiamme in pressione ,in particolare da pozzi petroliferi e simili

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0508959A1 EP0508959A1 (fr) 1992-10-14
EP0508959B1 true EP0508959B1 (fr) 1996-05-01

Family

ID=11400070

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92830034A Expired - Lifetime EP0508959B1 (fr) 1991-04-09 1992-01-29 Méthode et dispositif pour l'extinction de feux alimentés par un combustible sous pression ayant un degré d'inflammabilité élevé, notemment de feux de puits de pétrole

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0508959B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE137561T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2054974A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69210301D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1245274B (fr)
MX (1) MX9200454A (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112023295B (zh) * 2020-07-31 2021-06-29 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 一种用于变压器的火灾减灾系统以及方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3918526A (en) * 1971-12-09 1975-11-11 Kabo Kogyo Co Ltd Fire-extinguishing device
US3833064A (en) * 1972-08-01 1974-09-03 J Ranney Means for extinguishing fires
DK111279A (da) * 1979-03-19 1980-09-20 B P Sperling Selvvirkende trykloes ildslukker
US4337831A (en) * 1980-03-07 1982-07-06 Thaxton Darrel G Fire extinguishing apparatus for oil wells
FR2565495B1 (fr) * 1984-06-08 1989-02-17 Abg Semca Extincteur a decharge rapide
US4830114A (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-05-16 Future Fire Suppression, Inc. Self-activating fire extinguisher
FR2619014B1 (fr) * 1987-08-07 1991-08-16 Lemonnier Andre Procede de lutte contre l'incendie utilisant l'azote liquide comme agent d'extinction et vehicule de lutte contre les incendies mettant en oeuvre ce procede
DE4000010A1 (de) * 1989-01-06 1990-07-12 Franz Doerr Automatische feuerloeschvorrichtung
EP0390384A1 (fr) * 1989-03-31 1990-10-03 Kidde-Graviner Limited Extincteurs d'incendie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69210301D1 (de) 1996-06-05
ATE137561T1 (de) 1996-05-15
CA2054974A1 (fr) 1992-10-10
ITRM910239A0 (it) 1991-04-09
IT1245274B (it) 1994-09-13
ITRM910239A1 (it) 1992-10-09
MX9200454A (es) 1992-10-01
EP0508959A1 (fr) 1992-10-14

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