EP0507648A1 - Two-cycle engine with selective control for the charge introduced into the combustion chamber - Google Patents

Two-cycle engine with selective control for the charge introduced into the combustion chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0507648A1
EP0507648A1 EP92400763A EP92400763A EP0507648A1 EP 0507648 A1 EP0507648 A1 EP 0507648A1 EP 92400763 A EP92400763 A EP 92400763A EP 92400763 A EP92400763 A EP 92400763A EP 0507648 A1 EP0507648 A1 EP 0507648A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stroke engine
engine according
cylinder
openings
load
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92400763A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0507648B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Duret
Gaétan Monnier
Thierry Colliou
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/14—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using reverse-flow scavenging, e.g. with both outlet and inlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
    • F01L7/12—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements specially for two-stroke engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/02—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
    • F02D2009/0201—Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof
    • F02D2009/0291—Throttle control device for throttle being disposed in a two-stroke engine transfer passage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a two-stroke internal combustion engine in which selective control of the charge introduced into the combustion chamber by one or more intake ports is achieved, depending on the operating conditions of the engine.
  • the intake ducts will be "fluffed" differently from each other depending on the operating conditions of the engine.
  • the selective control of the introduction of the load according to the invention is preferably carried out on two-stroke engines of the transverse scanning type, as defined below.
  • the control can be applied to cases where the load introduced does not contain fuel, this being then introduced by a separate arrival.
  • the pressure source used for supplying air or a fuel mixture to the cylinder may be constituted by a source of pressure external to the engine, such as a compressor, a blower or any other pressurized capacity, or by an internal source such as than the pump housing.
  • two-stroke engines have at least one cylinder in the upper part and a lower part, also called pump housing, given its main function, which ensures the introduction of fresh gas into the cylinder by means of one or more specific so-called “transfer” conduits. Lights or transfer openings in the cylinder allow this introduction.
  • the piston which moves alternately in the cylinder ensures the suction in the casing and the compression of the fresh gases in the cylinder.
  • Fresh gases are generally introduced at the pump housing through an opening provided for example with a non-return valve.
  • the movement of the piston towards the upper part of the cylinder causes the suction of fresh gases in the pump housing while the reverse movement of the piston causes the compression of these gases which, when the transfer lights are released by the piston, are then injected under a certain pressure into the cylinder, which produces a sweep of fresh gases which then expel burnt gases.
  • burnt gases can escape through so-called exhaust openings made in the cylinder, slightly offset in height with respect to the transfer ports.
  • “Fresh gas” generally means a mixture of air, fueled or not.
  • the concept behind most of the improvements proposed consists in delaying the introduction of the fuel, which is done, for example, when the exhaust light is almost closed.
  • delaying the introduction of fuel it must be introduced and vaporized in a very short time (of the order of 2 to 3 milli-seconds at high engine speed), which can be problematic.
  • the charge of fresh gas does not contain fuel. It can be compressed, either by an external mechanical compressor, or by a source of compression supplied, for example, by the pump housing itself.
  • the fuel is then injected directly into the combustion chamber, at high pressure, a pressure generally greater than 30 bars.
  • Another type of two-stroke engine capable of delaying the introduction of fuel is based on the principle of pneumatic injection of the mixture.
  • compressed air is used to help atomize and vaporize the fuel very quickly in the cylinder.
  • the object of the present invention is in particular to provide an improvement in this type of control means since it relates to a motor of the transverse scanning type, comprising a cylinder in which a piston moves, a means making it possible to admit a charge under pressure in said cylinder and at least two inlet ports in the wall of said cylinder, said ports cooperating with said load inlet means.
  • the motor comprises in accordance with the invention, a means for selectively closing the passage section of said load admission means in the combustion chamber, as a function of at least one operating parameter of the engine.
  • This means may, for example, consist of a part that can move in rotation about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder and provided with at least one extension.
  • the means for selectively closing said passage section may also consist, without departing from the scope of the invention, of a rotary plug comprising several through openings, said plug being placed opposite said inlet port (s) in the cylinder. .
  • the rotary plug can be provided for example with four through openings of different section two by two.
  • the rotary plug may include three through openings not spaced from each other.
  • the charge introduced may or may not contain fuel.
  • the pressure source can be constituted by the pump housing or by a pressure source external to the engine such as a compressor or any other means known per se.
  • FIG. 1 represents a classic example of embodiment of such an engine.
  • the sweep is said to be transverse because the inlet port (s) 20 are grouped together on the same side of the cylinder, all the exhaust openings 3 being grouped on the other side of the cylinder, and these two groups of openings being arranged on either side of an axial plane of symmetry of the cylinder in substantially symmetrical positions.
  • the sweeping gas which in the case of the engine of FIG. 1 comes from the pump housing, but which can also come from another pressure source, therefore describes a movement approximately defined by the arrows 11.
  • Figure 2 shows how the invention can be applied to this type of two-stroke engine.
  • a selective closure means 30 is placed in the intake duct 21 of the cylinder.
  • This means 30 may be in the form of a rotary plug with an axis 31 perpendicular to the axis 1 of the exhaust duct.
  • the plug 30 is provided with at least one through opening 32 whose shape and / or arrangement meet the intended application.
  • the plug 30 can be provided with through openings 32 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • This configuration creates a swirling movement of gases in the combustion chamber.
  • This swirling movement asymmetrical with respect to the axial plane of symmetry of the cylinder, can be advantageous in the case of engines with direct fuel injection. Indeed, this movement substantially in the form of a helix can help to mix and vaporize the liquid fuel introduced directly into the combustion chamber, thus creating better combustion conditions.
  • FIG. 4 shows another example of a rotary plug 30 which is particularly suitable for transverse scanning motors.
  • the plug 30 shown in this figure is provided with large through openings arranged in the central part, and smaller openings located at the periphery, on either side of the central openings.
  • This arrangement makes it possible, when the admitted flow rate is low, to better center the intake gases around the axis of the exhaust duct on which the spark plug is generally located. This is achieved by first sealing the intake ducts at the periphery before those located in the central part.
  • the low charge is used optimally in terms of scanning the combustion zone.
  • the gas flow passing through the plug is adjusted as a function for example of the engine load, the engine speed or another engine operating parameter.
  • a rotation of the plug 30 around its axis 31 can in fact vary the flow rate of the admitted gases.
  • a certain rotation can prevent any flow in the lateral openings and force all the gases to pass through the central openings.
  • the load can be pressurized by the pump housing or by any other means.
  • This means 60 is able to rotate about an axis 61 which may be perpendicular to the axis 1 of the exhaust duct and which belongs to a cross section of the duct d 'intake 21.
  • the means 60 is located near the intake lumen 20 and is provided with as many extensions 62 as there are lights or divisions in the intake lumen. Each extension 62 in fact more or less partially covers the inlet lumen 20 according to the angle of rotation of the means 60 around the axis 61.
  • the rotation is preferably limited by two stops, one 63 being defined for example through the upper part of the opening 20, the other stop 64 can be defined by the cylinder block itself.
  • the position (a) in which the means 60 discovers the most light 20 is given in solid lines in FIG. 6 while the dotted lines represent the means 60 in its position of maximum overlap (b).
  • the means 60 by modifying the same section of the lumen 20 makes it possible to vary the duration of opening of the intake duct (s). In addition, by modifying each light differently (or each light division), it creates a certain aerodynamics of the gases inside the combustion chamber.
  • Figure 6 shows in a section perpendicular to the previous one, the variations in the opening of the intake lumen 20, where the "high" position (a) of the means 60 corresponds to the line 71 while the "low” position (b) of the means 60 is defined by the curve 72. It appears that in the "low” position (b), the closure is not identical at all the points of the transfer light (s) 20: the points those furthest from the axis of the intake duct A and E for example, cover the light 20 more than the points B, C and D closest to the axis. This difference is due to the fact that the displacement radius of the points is different.
  • the means 60 therefore allows a selective reduction of the section in combination with the reduction of the angular duration of opening.
  • an equivalent closure means can be used in the case where the intake duct 21 is divided at the level of the intake lumen 20 in three parts located for example not symmetrically with respect to the axial plane of symmetry of the cylinder containing the exhaust axis 1.
  • This arrangement of the lights 20 creates an asymmetrical, for example helical, movement of the gases as represented by the arrows 80 in FIG. 7 when the means 60 is in the high position, that is to say for the full opening of the lights 20 .
  • FIG. 9 shows by arrow 100, the movement of the gases inside the combustion zone when the shutter means 60 are in the low position. Balancing of the scanning is thus obtained.
  • a low position of the extensions at low load will be chosen while the high position, with full opening, will correspond to a high load setting.
  • the profile of the part 60 is very important both for the duration of angular opening and for the internal aerodynamics of the gases in the combustion chamber.
  • Any means known per se can be used to control the rotation of the means 60 as a function of at least one operating parameter of the engine.
  • the pressure source can be constituted by the pump housing or by another means.

Abstract

Two-stroke engine including a cylinder in which a piston moves, a means (6, 8; 21) allowing a pressurised charge to be admitted into the cylinder, and at least two admission slots (2, 4; 20) in the wall of the cylinder. According to the invention, the motor furthermore includes a means (5, 7; 30; 60) intended selectively to block the passage section of the slots for admission of the charge, as a function of at least one parameter of the running of the motor. …<??>the selective blocking means may consist, for example, of a rotary valve (30) placed facing the admission slot(s) (20) and including at least two transverse openings (32). …<IMAGE>…

Description

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion interne à deux temps dans lequel un contrôle sélectif de la charge introduite dans la chambre de combustion par une ou plusieurs lumières d'admission est réalisé, en fonction des conditions de fonctionnement du moteur.The invention relates to a two-stroke internal combustion engine in which selective control of the charge introduced into the combustion chamber by one or more intake ports is achieved, depending on the operating conditions of the engine.

Selon l'invention, les conduits d'admission seront "vannés" différemment les uns des autres en fonction des conditions de fonctionnement du moteur.According to the invention, the intake ducts will be "fluffed" differently from each other depending on the operating conditions of the engine.

Le contrôle sélectif de l'introduction de la charge selon l'invention est réalisé préférentiellement sur des moteurs deux temps du type à balayage transversal, tels que définis ci-après.The selective control of the introduction of the load according to the invention is preferably carried out on two-stroke engines of the transverse scanning type, as defined below.

Le contrôle peut s'appliquer aux cas où la charge introduite ne contient pas de carburant, celui-ci étant alors introduit par une arrivée séparée.The control can be applied to cases where the load introduced does not contain fuel, this being then introduced by a separate arrival.

La source de pression utilisée pour l'alimentation en air ou en mélange carburé du cylindre peut être constituée par une source de pression externe au moteur, telle qu'un compresseur, une soufflante ou toute autre capacité sous pression ou bien par une source interne telle que le carter-pompe.The pressure source used for supplying air or a fuel mixture to the cylinder may be constituted by a source of pressure external to the engine, such as a compressor, a blower or any other pressurized capacity, or by an internal source such as than the pump housing.

De façon classique, les moteurs à deux temps comportent au moins un cylindre en partie supérieure et une partie inférieure, encore appelée carter-pompe, vu sa fonction principale, qui assure l'introduction de gaz frais dans le cylindre par l'intermédiaire d'un ou plusieurs conduits spécifiques dits "de transfert". Des lumières ou ouvertures de transfert dans le cylindre permettent cette introduction.Conventionally, two-stroke engines have at least one cylinder in the upper part and a lower part, also called pump housing, given its main function, which ensures the introduction of fresh gas into the cylinder by means of one or more specific so-called "transfer" conduits. Lights or transfer openings in the cylinder allow this introduction.

Le piston qui se déplace de manière alternative dans le cylindre assure l'aspiration dans le carter et la compression des gaz frais dans le cylindre. Les gaz frais sont généralement introduits au niveau du carter-pompe par une ouverture munie par exemple d'un clapet anti-retour. Le mouvement du piston vers la partie haute du cylindre provoque l'aspiration des gaz frais dans le carter-pompe tandis que le mouvement inverse du piston provoque la compression de ces gaz qui, lorsque les lumières de transfert sont dégagées par le piston, sont alors injectés sous une certaine pression dans le cylindre, ce qui y produit un balayage de gaz frais qui chassent alors des gaz brûlés.The piston which moves alternately in the cylinder ensures the suction in the casing and the compression of the fresh gases in the cylinder. Fresh gases are generally introduced at the pump housing through an opening provided for example with a non-return valve. The movement of the piston towards the upper part of the cylinder causes the suction of fresh gases in the pump housing while the reverse movement of the piston causes the compression of these gases which, when the transfer lights are released by the piston, are then injected under a certain pressure into the cylinder, which produces a sweep of fresh gases which then expel burnt gases.

Les gaz brûlés peuvent s'échapper par des ouvertures dites d'échappement faites dans le cylindre, légèrement décalées en hauteur vis-à-vis des lumières de transfert. Par "gaz frais", il faut généralement comprendre un mélange d'air carburé ou non.The burnt gases can escape through so-called exhaust openings made in the cylinder, slightly offset in height with respect to the transfer ports. "Fresh gas" generally means a mixture of air, fueled or not.

Un des problèmes les plus aigus des moteurs deux temps alimentés par un mélange air-carburant, réside en ce que l'admission du cycle à venir a lieu en même temps que l'échappement du cycle précédent, de sorte qu'une grande partie du mélange admis dans le cylindre repart directement à l'échappement, sans combustion des hydrocarbures.One of the most acute problems of two-stroke engines powered by an air-fuel mixture is that the intake of the next cycle takes place at the same time as the exhaust of the previous cycle, so that a large part of the mixture admitted into the cylinder goes directly to the exhaust, without combustion of the hydrocarbons.

La pollution de l'atmosphère qui résulte de ce phénomène est considérable : de l'ordre de 10 à 20 fois supérieure à la pollution créée par un moteur quatre temps. De même, les consommations de carburant sont importantes : 50 à 100 % supérieures aux consommations d'un moteur quatre temps.The pollution of the atmosphere which results from this phenomenon is considerable: on the order of 10 to 20 times greater than the pollution created by a four-stroke engine. Similarly, fuel consumption is significant: 50 to 100% higher than the consumption of a four-stroke engine.

De nombreuses recherches ont donc été faites dans le but de diminuer les pertes de carburant imbrûlé, par l'échappement.A lot of research has therefore been done in order to reduce losses of unburnt fuel from the exhaust.

Le concept à la base de la plupart des améliorations proposées consiste à retarder l'introduction du carburant qui se fait alors par exemple lorsque la lumière d'échappement est presque fermée. Cependant, en retardant l'introduction de carburant, celui-ci devra être introduit et vaporisé en un temps très court (de l'ordre de 2 à 3 milli-secondes en haut régime moteur) ce qui peut poser problème.The concept behind most of the improvements proposed consists in delaying the introduction of the fuel, which is done, for example, when the exhaust light is almost closed. However, by delaying the introduction of fuel, it must be introduced and vaporized in a very short time (of the order of 2 to 3 milli-seconds at high engine speed), which can be problematic.

Dans les moteurs deux temps du type "à injection directe liquide de carburant", la charge en gaz frais ne contient pas de carburant. Elle peut être comprimée, soit par un compresseur mécanique externe, soit par une source de compression fournie par exemple par le carter-pompe lui-même.In two-stroke engines of the "direct liquid fuel injection" type, the charge of fresh gas does not contain fuel. It can be compressed, either by an external mechanical compressor, or by a source of compression supplied, for example, by the pump housing itself.

Le carburant est alors injecté directement dans la chambre de combustion, à haute pression, pression généralement supérieure à 30 bars.The fuel is then injected directly into the combustion chamber, at high pressure, a pressure generally greater than 30 bars.

Un autre type de moteur deux temps capable de retarder l'introduction de carburant repose sur le principe de l'injection pneumatique du mélange. On utilise dans ce cas de l'air comprimé pour aider à pulvériser et à vaporiser très rapidement le carburant dans le cylindre.Another type of two-stroke engine capable of delaying the introduction of fuel is based on the principle of pneumatic injection of the mixture. In this case, compressed air is used to help atomize and vaporize the fuel very quickly in the cylinder.

Il existe plusieurs façons de réaliser la source de pression. Le document US-4.693.224 montre l'utilisation d'une chambre de compression spécifique destinée à renfermer une quantité donnée de carburant sous pression et à injecter ce mélange dans la chambre de combustion.There are several ways to achieve the pressure source. Document US Pat. No. 4,693,224 shows the use of a specific compression chamber intended to contain a given quantity of fuel under pressure and to inject this mixture into the combustion chamber.

De façon différente, la demanderesse a proposé dans la demande de brevet français FR-2.496.757, d'assurer une injection pneumatique de carburant dans le cylindre en utilisant la pression des gaz frais à l'intérieur du carter-pompe. Pour cela, un moyen de dosage de carburant liquide est relié directement au conduit de transfert issu du carter-pompe. L'air comprimé dans le carter-pompe, envoyé au doseur par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un conduit spécifique, assure dans ce cas la pulvérisation en un temps très court du carburant. Les gouttelettes de carburant, extrêmement fines, sont aussitôt vaporisées dans la chambre de combustion.In a different manner, the applicant has proposed in French patent application FR-2,496,757, to ensure a pneumatic injection of fuel into the cylinder by using the pressure of the fresh gases inside the pump housing. For this, a liquid fuel metering means is connected directly to the transfer duct coming from the pump housing. The compressed air in the pump housing, sent to the metering device via at least one specific conduit, ensures in this case the spraying in a very short time of the fuel. The extremely fine fuel droplets are immediately vaporized in the combustion chamber.

De ce qui précède, il résulte que la façon d'introduire puis de diriger la charge dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur deux temps est très importante, et doit donc être réalisée de façon optimale, avec un contrôle aussi rigoureux que possible. En d'autres termes, le rendement du moteur dépend dans une large mesure de la pulvérisation et de l'injection du carburant dans le cylindre et de l'aérodynamique interne responsable du mélange de ce carburant avec l'air frais.From the above, it follows that the way of introducing and then directing the charge into the combustion chamber of a two-stroke engine is very important, and must therefore be carried out optimally, with as rigorous a control as possible. In other words, the efficiency of the engine depends to a large extent on the spraying and injection of fuel into the cylinder and on the internal aerodynamics responsible for mixing this fuel with fresh air.

Dans ce but, la demanderesse a déjà déposé une demande de brevet FR-2.649.157 selon laquelle il est prévu à l'intérieur du ou des conduits de transfert et au voisinage du cylindre, un ou plusieurs organes de restriction du passage des gaz frais admis dans le cylindre.To this end, the applicant has already filed a patent application FR-2,649,157 according to which there is provided inside the transfer duct (s) and in the vicinity of the cylinder, one or more members for restricting the passage of fresh gases. admitted into the cylinder.

La présente invention a notamment pour objet de fournir une amélioration de ce type de moyens de contrôle puisqu'elle concerne un moteur du type à balayage transversal, comportant un cylindre dans lequel se déplace un piston, un moyen permettant d'admettre une charge sous pression dans ledit cylindre et au moins deux lumières d'admission dans la paroi dudit cylindre, lesdites lumières coopérant avec ledit moyen d'admission de la charge. Le moteur comprend conformément à l'invention, un moyen destiné à obturer de façon sélective la section de passage dudit moyen d'admission de la charge dans la chambre de combustion, en fonction d'au moins un paramètre de fonctionnement du moteur.The object of the present invention is in particular to provide an improvement in this type of control means since it relates to a motor of the transverse scanning type, comprising a cylinder in which a piston moves, a means making it possible to admit a charge under pressure in said cylinder and at least two inlet ports in the wall of said cylinder, said ports cooperating with said load inlet means. The motor comprises in accordance with the invention, a means for selectively closing the passage section of said load admission means in the combustion chamber, as a function of at least one operating parameter of the engine.

L'avantage d'un tel dispositif réside en un meilleur contrôle de l'aérodynamique interne du cylindre du moteur.The advantage of such a device lies in better control of the internal aerodynamics of the engine cylinder.

Ce moyen peut par exemple consister en une pièce mobile en rotation autour d'un axe sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe du cylindre et munie d'au moins un prolongement.This means may, for example, consist of a part that can move in rotation about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder and provided with at least one extension.

Le moyen d'obturation sélective de ladite section de passage peut aussi consister, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, en un boisseau rotatif comportant plusieurs ouvertures traversantes, ledit boisseau étant placé en regard de la ou desdites lumières d'admission dans le cylindre.The means for selectively closing said passage section may also consist, without departing from the scope of the invention, of a rotary plug comprising several through openings, said plug being placed opposite said inlet port (s) in the cylinder. .

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le boisseau rotatif peut être muni par exemple de quatre ouvertures traversantes de section différente deux à deux.According to one embodiment of the invention, the rotary plug can be provided for example with four through openings of different section two by two.

Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, le boisseau rotatif peut comprendre trois ouvertures traversantes non éloignées les unes des autres.Without departing from the scope of the invention, the rotary plug may include three through openings not spaced from each other.

La charge introduite peut contenir ou non du carburant.The charge introduced may or may not contain fuel.

La source de pression peut être constituée par le carter-pompe ou encore par une source de pression extérieure au moteur telle qu'un compresseur ou tout autre moyen connu en soi.The pressure source can be constituted by the pump housing or by a pressure source external to the engine such as a compressor or any other means known per se.

Les différentes caractéristiques énoncées ci-dessus permettent de créer un mouvement aérodynamique interne au cylindre parfaitement contrôlé, en fonction d'un ou plusieurs paramétre de fonctionnement du moteur, en particulier en fonction du régime et de la charge du moteur.The various characteristics set out above make it possible to create an aerodynamic movement internal to the perfectly controlled cylinder, as a function of one or more operating parameters of the engine, in particular as a function of the speed and of the engine load.

D'autres particularités, avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, faite de façon illustrative et non limitative, en référence aux figures selon lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un moteur deux temps à balayage transversal classique avec alimentation par la pression du carter-pompe ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale selon A-A de la figure 1, d'un moteur deux temps selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 3 et 4 montrent plusieurs modes de réalisation d'un boisseau rotatif selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 5 est une coupe longitudinale partielle d'un moteur selon l'invention, équipé d'un système additionnel de contrôle de la section et de la durée angulaire d'ouverture ;
  • la figure 6 est une coupe longitudinale selon un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe de la coupe de la figure 5, montrant le système additionnel de contrôle vu de face ;
  • la figure 7 est une perspective simplifiée montrant le mouvement des gaz à l'intérieur d'une chambre de combustion selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, lors de l'ouverture maximale des lumières
  • la figure 8 est une vue en coupe semblable à celle de la figure 6, montrant un autre mode de réalisation du système additionnel de contrôle selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 9 est une perspective simplifiée semblable à celle de la figure 8, mais lors de l'obturation maximale des lumières d'admission.
Other particularities, advantages and characteristics of the invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given in an illustrative and nonlimiting manner, with reference to the figures according to which:
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a two-stroke engine conventional transverse sweep with pressure feed from the pump housing;
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along AA of Figure 1, of a two-stroke engine according to the invention;
  • Figures 3 and 4 show several embodiments of a rotary valve according to the invention;
  • Figure 5 is a partial longitudinal section of an engine according to the invention, equipped with an additional system for controlling the section and the angular opening time;
  • Figure 6 is a longitudinal section along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the section of Figure 5, showing the additional control system seen from the front;
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified perspective showing the movement of the gases inside a combustion chamber according to another embodiment of the invention, during the maximum opening of the lights
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view similar to that of Figure 6, showing another embodiment of the additional control system according to the invention;
  • Figure 9 is a simplified perspective similar to that of Figure 8, but during the maximum shutter of the intake lights.

La présente invention s'applique préfèrentiellement aux moteurs deux temps, dits "à balayage transversal". La figure 1 représente un exemple classique de réalisation d'un tel moteur. Le balayage est dit transversal car la ou les lumières d'admission 20 sont regroupées sur un même côté du cylindre, l'ensemble des ouvertures d'échappement 3 étant regroupées de l'autre côté du cylindre, et ces deux groupes d'ouvertures étant disposées de part et d'autre d'un plan de symétrie axial du cylindre dans des positions sensiblement symétriques.The present invention applies preferably to two-stroke engines, called "transverse scanning". FIG. 1 represents a classic example of embodiment of such an engine. The sweep is said to be transverse because the inlet port (s) 20 are grouped together on the same side of the cylinder, all the exhaust openings 3 being grouped on the other side of the cylinder, and these two groups of openings being arranged on either side of an axial plane of symmetry of the cylinder in substantially symmetrical positions.

Le gaz de balayage qui dans le cas du moteur de la figure 1 provient du carter-pompe, mais qui peut aussi provenir d'une autre source de pression, décrit donc un mouvement approximativement défini par les flèches 11.The sweeping gas which in the case of the engine of FIG. 1 comes from the pump housing, but which can also come from another pressure source, therefore describes a movement approximately defined by the arrows 11.

La figure 2 montre comment l'invention peut être appliquée à ce type de moteur deux temps.Figure 2 shows how the invention can be applied to this type of two-stroke engine.

Ainsi, selon l'invention, un moyen d'obturation sélective 30 est placé dans le conduit d'admission 21 du cylindre.Thus, according to the invention, a selective closure means 30 is placed in the intake duct 21 of the cylinder.

Ce moyen 30 peut se présenter sous la forme d'un boisseau rotatif d'axe 31 perpendiculaire à l'axe 1 du conduit d'échappement. Le boisseau 30 est muni d'au moins une ouverture traversante 32 dont la forme et/ou la disposition répondent à l'application envisagée.This means 30 may be in the form of a rotary plug with an axis 31 perpendicular to the axis 1 of the exhaust duct. The plug 30 is provided with at least one through opening 32 whose shape and / or arrangement meet the intended application.

Ainsi, le boisseau 30 peut être muni d'ouvertures traversantes 32 telles que montrées sur les figures 3 et 4.Thus, the plug 30 can be provided with through openings 32 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

Sur la figure 3, deux ouvertures de grande section sont disposées dans la même moitié du boisseau tandis que deux ouvertures de plus petite section sont situées dans l'autre moitié du boisseau.In Figure 3, two large section openings are arranged in the same half of the plug while two smaller section openings are located in the other half of the plug.

Cette configuration crée un mouvement tourbillonnant des gaz dans la chambre de combustion. Ce mouvement tourbillonnant, dissymétrique par rapport au plan de symétrie axial du cylindre, peut être intéressant dans le cas de moteurs à injection directe de carburant. En effet, ce mouvement sensiblement en forme d'hélice peut aider à mélanger et à vaporiser le carburant liquide introduit directement dans la chambre de combustion, créant ainsi de meilleures conditions de combustion.This configuration creates a swirling movement of gases in the combustion chamber. This swirling movement, asymmetrical with respect to the axial plane of symmetry of the cylinder, can be advantageous in the case of engines with direct fuel injection. Indeed, this movement substantially in the form of a helix can help to mix and vaporize the liquid fuel introduced directly into the combustion chamber, thus creating better combustion conditions.

La figure 4 montre un autre exemple de boisseau rotatif 30 particulièrement adapté aux moteurs à balayage transversal. En effet, le boisseau 30 représenté sur cette figure est pourvu de grandes ouvertures traversantes disposées en partie centrale, et de plus petites ouvertures situées en périphérie, de part et d'autre des ouvertures centrales. Cette disposition permet, lorsque le débit admis est faible, de mieux centrer les gaz d'admission autour de l'axe du conduit d'échappement sur lequel est généralement située la bougie d'allumage. Ceci est obtenu en obturant d'abord les conduits d'admission en périphérie avant ceux situés dans la partie centrale. Ainsi, la faible charge est utilisée de façon optimale au plan du balayage de la zone de combustion.FIG. 4 shows another example of a rotary plug 30 which is particularly suitable for transverse scanning motors. Indeed, the plug 30 shown in this figure is provided with large through openings arranged in the central part, and smaller openings located at the periphery, on either side of the central openings. This arrangement makes it possible, when the admitted flow rate is low, to better center the intake gases around the axis of the exhaust duct on which the spark plug is generally located. This is achieved by first sealing the intake ducts at the periphery before those located in the central part. Thus, the low charge is used optimally in terms of scanning the combustion zone.

Dans tous les cas envisagés ci-dessus, le débit des gaz traversant le boisseau, c'est-à-dire des gaz qui vont entrer dans la chambre de combustion, est ajusté en fonction par exemple de la charge du moteur, du régime moteur ou d'un autre paramètre de fonctionnement du moteur. Une rotation du boisseau 30 autour de son axe 31 peut en effet faire varier le débit des gaz admis. Ainsi, avec un boisseau 30, tel que montré sur la figure 4, une certaine rotation peut empêcher tout débit dans les ouvertures latérales et obliger tous les gaz à passer par les ouvertures centrales.In all the cases envisaged above, the gas flow passing through the plug, that is to say gases which will enter the combustion chamber, is adjusted as a function for example of the engine load, the engine speed or another engine operating parameter. A rotation of the plug 30 around its axis 31 can in fact vary the flow rate of the admitted gases. Thus, with a plug 30, as shown in FIG. 4, a certain rotation can prevent any flow in the lateral openings and force all the gases to pass through the central openings.

Bien entendu, dans les moteurs à balayage transversal définis ci-dessus, la charge peut être mise sous pression par le carter-pompe ou par tout autre moyen. En outre, il peut être avantageux d'avoir un moyen destiné à réduire la durée d'ouverture angulaire du ou des conduits d'admission, en combinaison avec la réduction sélective de section.Of course, in the transverse scanning motors defined above, the load can be pressurized by the pump housing or by any other means. In addition, it may be advantageous to have a means intended to reduce the duration of angular opening of the intake duct or ducts, in combination with the selective reduction of section.

Ce moyen 60, dont un exemple est représenté en coupe sur la figure 5, est mobile en rotation autour d'un axe 61 qui peut être perpendiculaire à l'axe 1 du conduit d'échappement et qui appartient à une section droite du conduit d'admission 21. Le moyen 60 est situé à proximité de la lumière d'admission 20 et est muni d'autant de prolongements 62 qu'il existe de lumières ou de divisions dans la lumière d'admission. Chaque prolongement 62 recouvre en effet plus ou moins partiellement la lumière d'admission 20 selon l'angle de rotation du moyen 60 autour de l'axe 61. La rotation est de préférence limitée par deux butées, l'une 63 étant définie par exemple par la partie supérieure de la lumière 20, l'autre butée 64 peut être définie par le bloc-cylindre lui-même. La position (a) dans laquelle le moyen 60 découvre le plus la lumière 20 est donnée en traits pleins sur la figure 6 tandis que les pointillés représentent le moyen 60 dans sa position de recouvrement maximal (b).This means 60, an example of which is shown in section in FIG. 5, is able to rotate about an axis 61 which may be perpendicular to the axis 1 of the exhaust duct and which belongs to a cross section of the duct d 'intake 21. The means 60 is located near the intake lumen 20 and is provided with as many extensions 62 as there are lights or divisions in the intake lumen. Each extension 62 in fact more or less partially covers the inlet lumen 20 according to the angle of rotation of the means 60 around the axis 61. The rotation is preferably limited by two stops, one 63 being defined for example through the upper part of the opening 20, the other stop 64 can be defined by the cylinder block itself. The position (a) in which the means 60 discovers the most light 20 is given in solid lines in FIG. 6 while the dotted lines represent the means 60 in its position of maximum overlap (b).

Le moyen 60 en modifiant la section même de la lumière 20 permet de faire varier la durée d'ouverture du ou des conduits d'admission. De plus, en modifiant différemment chaque lumière (ou chaque division de lumière), il crée une certaine aérodynamique des gaz à l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion.The means 60 by modifying the same section of the lumen 20 makes it possible to vary the duration of opening of the intake duct (s). In addition, by modifying each light differently (or each light division), it creates a certain aerodynamics of the gases inside the combustion chamber.

La figure 6 montre selon une coupe perpendiculaire à la précédente, les variations de l'ouverture de la lumière d'admission 20, où la position "haute" (a) du moyen 60 correspond à la ligne 71 tandis que la position "basse" (b) du moyen 60 est définie par la courbe 72. Il apparait qu'en position "basse" (b), la fermeture n'est pas identique en tous les points de la (ou des) lumière de transfert 20 : les points les plus éloignés de l'axe du conduit d'admission A et E par exemple, recouvrent davantage la lumière 20 que les points B, C et D les plus proches de l'axe. Cette différence est due au fait que le rayon de déplacement des points est différent. Le moyen 60 permet donc une réduction sélective de la section en combinaison avec la réduction de la durée angulaire d'ouverture.Figure 6 shows in a section perpendicular to the previous one, the variations in the opening of the intake lumen 20, where the "high" position (a) of the means 60 corresponds to the line 71 while the "low" position (b) of the means 60 is defined by the curve 72. It appears that in the "low" position (b), the closure is not identical at all the points of the transfer light (s) 20: the points those furthest from the axis of the intake duct A and E for example, cover the light 20 more than the points B, C and D closest to the axis. This difference is due to the fact that the displacement radius of the points is different. The means 60 therefore allows a selective reduction of the section in combination with the reduction of the angular duration of opening.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, dont le fonctionnement est explicité en relation avec les figures 7, 8 et 9, un moyen d'obturation équivalent peut être utilisé dans le cas où le conduit d'admission 21 est divisé au niveau de la lumière d'admission 20 en trois parties situées par exemple non symétriquement par rapport au plan de symétrie axial du cylindre contenant l'axe 1 d'échappement.According to another embodiment of the invention, the operation of which is explained in relation to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, an equivalent closure means can be used in the case where the intake duct 21 is divided at the level of the intake lumen 20 in three parts located for example not symmetrically with respect to the axial plane of symmetry of the cylinder containing the exhaust axis 1.

Cet arrangement des lumières 20 crée un mouvement dissymétrique, par exemple hélicoïdal, des gaz tel que représenté par les flèches 80 sur la figure 7 lorsque le moyen 60 est en position haute, c'est-à-dire pour la pleine ouverture des lumières 20.This arrangement of the lights 20 creates an asymmetrical, for example helical, movement of the gases as represented by the arrows 80 in FIG. 7 when the means 60 is in the high position, that is to say for the full opening of the lights 20 .

Comme il a déjà été dit, ce mouvement est très favorable dans le cas d'une injection directe de carburant à l'état liquide dans la chambre de combustion surtout dans les charges élevées qui correspondent généralement à la position pleine ouverture.As has already been said, this movement is very favorable in the case of a direct injection of fuel in the liquid state into the combustion chamber, especially in the high loads which generally correspond to the full opening position.

Ce mouvement peut toutefois être rendu plus symétrique lorsque le moyen 60 est en position de recouvrement maximal (courbe 92 sur la figure 8). En effet, dans cette position "basse" du moyen 60, la lumière périphérique 20 est quasiment recouverte de sorte que seules les deux lumières situées de part et d'autre de l'axe de symétrie 1 permettent à la charge d'entrer de façon significative dans la chambre de combustion. De préférence, ces deux lumières seront obturées (par le moyen (60)) de la même façon quelque soit la position du moyen (60).This movement can however be made more symmetrical when the means 60 is in the maximum covering position (curve 92 in FIG. 8). In fact, in this "low" position of the means 60, the peripheral light 20 is almost covered so that only the two lights located on either side of the axis of symmetry 1 allow the load to enter so significant in the combustion chamber. Preferably, these two lights will be closed (by means (60)) in the same way whatever the position of the medium (60).

La figure 9 montre par la flèche 100, le mouvement des gaz à l'intérieur de la zone de combustion lorsque les moyens d'obturation 60 sont en position basse. Une symétrisation du balayage est ainsi obtenue.FIG. 9 shows by arrow 100, the movement of the gases inside the combustion zone when the shutter means 60 are in the low position. Balancing of the scanning is thus obtained.

On choisira préférentiellement une position basse des prolongements à faible charge tandis que la position haute, de pleine ouverture correspondra à un réglage de forte charge.Preferably, a low position of the extensions at low load will be chosen while the high position, with full opening, will correspond to a high load setting.

L'homme de métier comprendra que le profil de la pièce 60 est très important tant pour la durée d'ouverture angulaire que pour l'aérodynamique interne des gaz dans la chambre de combustion.Those skilled in the art will understand that the profile of the part 60 is very important both for the duration of angular opening and for the internal aerodynamics of the gases in the combustion chamber.

Tout moyen connu en soi peut être utilisé pour assurer la commande de la rotation du moyen 60 en fonction d'au moins un paramètre de fonctionnement du moteur.Any means known per se can be used to control the rotation of the means 60 as a function of at least one operating parameter of the engine.

Comme dans les cas des moteurs à balayage en boucle, la source de pression peut être constituée par le carter-pompe ou par un autre moyen.As in the case of loop scanning motors, the pressure source can be constituted by the pump housing or by another means.

Bien entendu, l'homme de l'art sera en mesure d'imaginer, à partir des modes de réalisation donnés ci-avant à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif, diverses variantes et modifications ne sortant pas du cadre de la présente invention.Of course, those skilled in the art will be able to imagine, from the embodiments given above by way of illustration and in no way limitative, various variants and modifications not departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. - Moteur à deux temps du type à balayage transversal comportant un cylindre dans lequel se déplace un piston, un moyen (6, 8 ; 21) permettant d'admettre une charge sous pression dans ledit cylindre et au moins deux lumières d'admission (20) dans la paroi dudit cylindre, lesdites lumières coopérant avec ledit moyen d'admission de la charge, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un moyen (30 ; 60) destiné à obturer de façon différenciée les sections de passage de deux au moins desdites lumières d'admission (20) en fonction d'au moins un paramètre de fonctionnement du moteur. 1. - Two-stroke engine of the transverse scanning type comprising a cylinder in which a piston moves, a means (6, 8; 21) for admitting a charge under pressure into said cylinder and at least two intake ports (20) in the wall of said cylinder, said openings cooperating with said load admission means, characterized in that it further comprises means (30; 60) intended to seal in a differentiated manner the passage sections of two at least said intake lights (20) as a function of at least one operating parameter of the engine. 2. - Moteur deux temps selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'obturation sélective desdites lumières d'admission consiste en au moins un élément d'obturation rotatif (30) comportant au moins deux ouvertures traversantes (32), ledit élément étant placé en regard desdites lumières d'admission (20). 2. - two-stroke engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for selectively closing said intake ports consists of at least one rotary closing element (30) comprising at least two through openings (32), said element being placed opposite said intake lights (20). 3. - Moteur deux temps selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'obturation rotatif (30) comporte quatre ouvertures traversantes de section différente deux à deux. 3. - Two-stroke engine according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotary shutter element (30) has four through openings of different section two by two. 4. - Moteur deux temps selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les deux ouvertures de plus grande section sont situées l'une à côté de l'autre. 4. - Two-stroke engine according to claim 3, characterized in that the two openings of larger section are located one next to the other. 5. - Moteur deux temps selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les deux ouvertures de plus grande section sont situées en partie centrale de l'élément d'obturation rotatif (30). 5. - Two-stroke engine according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the two openings of larger section are located in the central part of the rotary shutter element (30). 6. - Moteur deux temps selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'obturation (30) comporte trois ouvertures non éloignées les unes des autres et situées ensemble non symétriquement vis-à-vis de l'axe (1) d'échappement des gaz. 6. - Two-stroke engine according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the closure element (30) has three openings not spaced from each other and located together not symmetrically with respect to the 'axis (1) of gas exhaust. 7. - Moteur deux temps selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'obturation sélective desdites sections de passage consiste en au moins une pièce (60) mobile autour d'un axe (61) appartenant à une section droite du conduit (21) d'admission de la charge, ladite pièce (60) étant munie d'au moins un prolongement (62) situé à proximité des lumières d'admission (20), la rotation dudit moyen (60) permettant de modifier la durée d'ouverture angulaire des lumières et obturant de façon différente deux au moins desdites lumières (20), en fonction d'au moins un paramètre de fonctionnement du moteur. 7. - Two-stroke engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for selectively closing said passage sections consists of at least one part (60) movable about an axis (61) belonging to a cross section of the conduit (21) for admission of the load, said part (60) being provided with at least one extension (62) located near the inlet lights (20), the rotation of said means (60) making it possible to modify the angular opening time of the lights and closing at least two of said lights (20) differently, depending at least one engine operating parameter. 8. - Moteur deux temps selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce (60) est mobile entre deux positions (a, b), réalisant chacune une aérodynamique donnée de la charge dans la chambre de combustion. 8. - Two-stroke engine according to claim 7, characterized in that said part (60) is movable between two positions (a, b), each carrying out a given aerodynamics of the charge in the combustion chamber. 9. - Moteur deux temps selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la charge contient un carburant. 9. - Two-stroke engine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load contains a fuel. 10. - Moteur deux temps selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la charge est essentiellement constituée d'air. 10. - Two-stroke engine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load consists essentially of air. 11. - Moteur deux temps selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un carter-pompe qui constitue la source d'alimentation sous pression de la charge. 11. - Two-stroke engine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a pump housing which constitutes the supply source under pressure of the load. 12. - Moteur deux temps selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen externe destiné à assurer la source d'alimentation sous pression de la charge. 12. - Two-stroke engine according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises an external means intended to ensure the supply source under pressure of the load.
EP92400763A 1991-04-03 1992-03-20 Two-cycle engine with selective control for the charge introduced into the combustion chamber Expired - Lifetime EP0507648B1 (en)

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FR9104006 1991-04-03
FR9104006A FR2674906A1 (en) 1991-04-03 1991-04-03 TWO-STROKE ENGINE WITH SELECTIVE CONTROL OF THE LOAD INTRODUCED INTO THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.

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EP0507648A1 true EP0507648A1 (en) 1992-10-07
EP0507648B1 EP0507648B1 (en) 1994-10-19

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DE69200532T2 (en) 1995-02-23
DE69200532D1 (en) 1994-11-24
US5285753A (en) 1994-02-15
JPH0681658A (en) 1994-03-22
FR2674906A1 (en) 1992-10-09
EP0507648B1 (en) 1994-10-19
FR2674906B1 (en) 1995-01-13

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