EP0504342A1 - Elektronisches startsperr-relais für eine kraftfahrzeug-brennkraftmaschine. - Google Patents
Elektronisches startsperr-relais für eine kraftfahrzeug-brennkraftmaschine.Info
- Publication number
- EP0504342A1 EP0504342A1 EP91916667A EP91916667A EP0504342A1 EP 0504342 A1 EP0504342 A1 EP 0504342A1 EP 91916667 A EP91916667 A EP 91916667A EP 91916667 A EP91916667 A EP 91916667A EP 0504342 A1 EP0504342 A1 EP 0504342A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- starter
- excitation
- acceleration
- control circuit
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/10—Safety devices
- F02N11/101—Safety devices for preventing engine starter actuation or engagement
- F02N11/105—Safety devices for preventing engine starter actuation or engagement when the engine is already running
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/006—Starting of engines by means of electric motors using a plurality of electric motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/10—Safety devices
- F02N11/106—Safety devices for stopping or interrupting starter actuation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1497—With detection of the mechanical response of the engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
- F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
- F02N2200/022—Engine speed
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electronic start lock relay for a motor vehicle internal combustion engine, with a relay arrangement which controls the starter excitation and which is controlled by a control circuit which detects at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine as a function of the actuation of a starter switch.
- DE 33 43 342 A1 discloses a starter protection device in which a large number of operating parameters, namely the ignition pulse frequency of the engine, the negative pressure in the intake pipe of the engine, the output voltage of the alternator and the position of the gear shift lever can be detected.
- a corresponding number of sensors is required for this, which is associated with a corresponding outlay.
- the case may still occur that the starter is still in the run-down state while the next starting process is already being started. In this case, as stated, damage to the starter and the associated power transmission components cannot be ruled out.
- the corresponding sensors are arranged in the motor vehicle and wired to the circuit. This justifies both in the initial motor vehicle assembly and in particular in the case of subsequent retrofitting of the motor vehicle with the known protective device corresponding considerable assembly on and.
- the electronic start blocking reform inventive relay with the mentioned in the main claim has the advantage that admirungs- over the Be ⁇ or vibration sensor can be detected in an extremely simple and yet reliable manner whether the 'internal combustion engine is running or not.
- the acceleration or vibration sensor can also be used to determine whether the starter is still rotating, ie is, for example, in the run-out state. By releasing a possible starting process only below the predetermined acceleration or vibration level, it can be reliably ensured that no starting process is possible while the internal combustion engine is running.
- the acceleration or vibration sensor can be attached in a very simple manner to parts which vibrate with the internal combustion engine running, on the internal combustion engine itself or in the starter, so that retrofitting can also be carried out with extremely little effort.
- the outlay required according to the invention is also kept within very low limits because only the acceleration or vibration sensor has to be installed, but it is not necessary to have a large number of detectors for the output voltage of the alternator, the engine ignition pulse. - to provide k - frequency or the like and to wire it.
- acceleration or vibration sensor e.g. the accelerometer described in DE 39 18 780 AI can be used with piezoelectric elements.
- sensors for structure-borne noise can also be used, by means of which the engine vibrations can be detected.
- the advantage for the vehicle manufacturer is that no additional assembly and wiring work is required. Furthermore, the start inhibit relays previously used can be omitted.
- the power supply to the acceleration or vibration sensor and the control circuit can be provided in a very simple manner via the lines to, on or in the starter which are conventionally already present on the starter, so that the wiring effort is minimal.
- acceleration or vibration sensor and the components of the control circuit can be simple, small and inexpensive.
- these construction components can be implemented in such a way that they can be mounted on the starter or integrated in the starter. On the vehicle side, no further intervention or any modification of the construction is necessary.
- the starter can thus be prevented reliably and in a simple manner while the internal combustion engine is running or still running starter is actuated, so that the service life and the reliability of the starter are increased and expensive repairs can be avoided.
- an additional timing element is provided, which generates a signal during a predetermined time interval after the actuation of the starter switch has ended, which blocks a renewed actuation of the starter. This can reliably ensure that no new starter start attempt is started while the starter is possibly still running out. This increases the safety factor against starter damage even further. This applies in particular if the acceleration or vibration sensor should not reliably detect vibrations of the starter as it rotates.
- the insertion of the timer also does not require any special wiring, since it only has to be switched on in the control circuit or in related line connections, but no connection to external sensors is required.
- Three input parameters namely the output signal of the timing element, the signal representing the switching state of the starter switch and the output signal of the acceleration or vibration sensor (possibly after an output signal conversion) can be processed and connected in a very simple manner via the advantageously provided comparison element a common control signal can be implemented.
- the circuitry required for this is low.
- the signal commanding the starter excitation becomes preferably only generated when the timer does not emit a blocking signal, the starter switch is closed and the acceleration or vibration sensor detects no accelerations or vibrations.
- the timing element which limits the maximum duration of excitation of the starter is preferably connected to the output of the comparison element, so that only a single control line is required for this timing element.
- the excitation pulse of the comparator can thus serve at the same time to initiate the timing element as well as to activate the starter excitation, i.e. to perform a double function, without additional wiring being necessary.
- a self-holding relay which switches off the internal power supply for the control circuit after a predetermined time interval has elapsed after the starter switch has been switched on.
- the acceleration or vibration sensor preferably together with the control circuit, is integrated in the starter or attached to it.
- the starter with associated start interlock relay according to the invention can be handled as a unit without the need for additional line wiring to the motor vehicle, with the exception of the usual starter wiring. This makes it possible to ensure an extremely compact structure with very little handling effort.
- the only figure shows an embodiment of the electronic start inhibit relay according to the invention.
- an embodiment of the electronic start inhibit relay which serves to control the excitation of a starter 1, which is designed as an electric motor.
- the starter 1 is connected to a terminal 2 via a relay switch Kla of a relay Kl, which is linked to a voltage supply line 3.
- Voltage for example of +12 V, is present at the voltage supply line 3 continuously or at least during the operation of the motor vehicle or when the ignition key is switched on.
- the starter 1 is connected with its other connection to a connection 4 which is connected to ground potential.
- the voltage supply line 3 is coupled to a connection of a starter switch 5 which is normally open and is closed for actuating the starter 1.
- the other connection of the starter switch 5 is connected to a connection 6, from which a line 7 leads, which in the manner shown is linked to a plurality of components of the start-blocking relay according to the invention, which will be described in more detail below.
- line 7 is connected to a comparison element 8, which thus receives a positive input signal at the connection connected to line 7 when starter switch 5 is closed.
- An acceleration sensor 9 (or a vibration sensor) is provided for detecting vibrations or accelerations, in particular vibration accelerations, of the internal combustion engine coupled to the starter 1.
- the acceleration sensor 9 can be attached to the internal combustion engine or to a part that vibrates together with it, for example a part of the suspension.
- the acceleration sensor 9 is preferably attached to or in the starter and can thus not only measure the vibration accelerations of the internal combustion engine, but also additionally the running condition of the
- the acceleration sensor 9 does not emit an output signal, this is an indication that the internal combustion engine is not in motion. With a corresponding arrangement of the acceleration sensor 9, the zero level of the acceleration sensor output signal also means that the starter 1 is at a standstill.
- the acceleration sensor 9 can be designed as an acceleration transducer with piezoelectric elements, as is known from DE 39 18 780 A1. Vibration accelerations of the engine block according to EM 1241/88 can be detected with such an acceleration sensor. Alternatively, a sensor for structure-borne noise can be used as or instead of the acceleration sensor 9, with which vibrations in the form of structure-borne noise can be detected in accordance with EM 1240/88. In any case, vibrations are sensed by the sensor 9 or the vibration acceleration is measured, from which it can be determined whether the internal combustion engine is running or stopped, so that starter actuations can be avoided while the engine is still running.
- the output signal of the acceleration sensor 9 or a corresponding vibration sensor is processed via a signal conditioning circuit 10 and applied to an inverting input connection of the comparison element 8.
- the comparator 8 has a third, also inverting input, which is connected to a timing element 11.
- the timer 11 is connected on the input side to the line 7 and generates a "1" output signal for a predetermined time interval of, for example, three seconds after the voltage on line 7 has dropped.
- the voltage drop on line 7 is an indication that the starter switch 5 has been opened again, ie / a start attempt has just ended.
- the timer 11 thus ensures that no renewed start attempt can be started during the predetermined time interval after the starting process or starting attempt has ended.
- the time interval of the timer 11 is selected so large that the starter 1 can be phased out completely after finishing his excitement, that is completely stopped before a new start attempt can be initiated. '
- the comparator 8 thus always queries whether voltage is present on the line 7, ie / the starter switch 5 is closed, whether the acceleration sensor 9 does not emit an output signal and whether the timing element 11 also does not generate an output signal. Only in this case, that is, when the starter 1 and the internal combustion engine are at rest and the starter switch 5 has been actuated, does the comparator 8 output an output signal to a timer 12 at its output connection which is more continuous to limit the maximum duration Starter excitation is used.
- the timer 12 is set to a time interval of, for example, 60 seconds and, after this time period has elapsed, the starter excitation is automatically switched off when the excitation input signal remains unchanged. In this way, excessive stresses on the starter 1 can be exaggerated with the danger excessive heating and excessive power consumption of the starting process can be switched off automatically.
- the timer 12 passes the output signal of the comparator 8 commanding a starting process to a transistor 13, which switches through when this signal is received and activates a relay K2 connected to it.
- a relay switch K2a of the relay K2 is closed when the relay K2 is activated, as a result of which the potential of the voltage supply line 3 is applied to the relay K1.
- the relay K1 is also energized, so that its relay switch Kla closes and connects the motor windings of the starter 1 to the voltage supply line 3.
- the starter 1 is therefore energized.
- a diode 14 is connected in parallel with the relay K2 and serves as a freewheeling diode and can derive reaction currents when the relay K2 is switched.
- the power supply of the comparison element 8, the timing element 11 and the relay K2 takes place via a line 15, to which the cathode of the diode 14 and a connection of the relay switch K2a are also connected.
- the line 15 is coupled to the connection 2 and therefore to the power supply line 3.
- the timer 11 can thus carry out its number of times even when the starter switch 5 is switched off.
- the timer 12 is connected to the line 7 for the power supply via a line 16 and is thus supplied with current only when the starter switch 5 is closed. On the one hand, this causes the timer 12 to be automatically switched off when it is opened of the starter switch 5 and, on the other hand, leads to a reduction in the power consumption of the timer 12.
- the power supply to the individual components, in particular the comparator 8 and the timing elements 11, 12 via a latching timing element or self-holding relay which is connected, for example, to the terminal 6, ie / is triggered when the starter switch 5 is closed.
- the latching timer can be set to a period of, for example, five minutes and ensures the internal power supply of the components 8, 11 and 12 connected to the latching timer during this time interval. After the time interval has elapsed, the internal power supply of these components is automatically ended.
- This has the advantage that the start inhibit relay is normally in the idle state without power consumption, ie without the consumption of quiescent current. Only when the starter switch 5 is switched on is the internal power supply briefly activated in order to be able to carry out the desired protective function. As a result, the total current requirement of the start inhibit relay according to the invention can be kept very low.
- the driver closes the starter switch 5, the comparator 8 checking whether there is vibration acceleration or not, whether the starter 1 is currently in the run-out or not, and whether the starter switch 5 is switched on, ie / the connection 6 is fed with voltage. If these conditions are met, the timer 12 is triggered and the starter 1 is thus switched on.
- the starter switch 5 When the starter switch 5 is switched off, the power supply is removed from the timing element 12 and the starter 1 is thereby switched off. At the same time, when the starter switch 5 is switched off, the timer 11 is triggered in order to take the starter run-out time into account.
- the starter 1 is automatically switched off after this time interval.
- the starter 1 can only be switched on again by actuating the starter switch 5 again and after the starter 1 has run out, i.e.; after the time interval of the timer 11 has elapsed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4031275A DE4031275A1 (de) | 1990-10-04 | 1990-10-04 | Elektronisches startsperr-relais fuer eine kraftfahrzeug-brennkraftmaschine |
DE4031275 | 1990-10-04 | ||
PCT/DE1991/000758 WO1992006290A1 (de) | 1990-10-04 | 1991-09-25 | Elektronisches startsperr-relais für eine kraftfahrzeug-brennkraftmaschine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0504342A1 true EP0504342A1 (de) | 1992-09-23 |
EP0504342B1 EP0504342B1 (de) | 1995-01-18 |
Family
ID=6415505
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91916667A Expired - Lifetime EP0504342B1 (de) | 1990-10-04 | 1991-09-25 | Elektronisches startsperr-relais für eine kraftfahrzeug-brennkraftmaschine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0504342B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH05502496A (de) |
AU (1) | AU8632991A (de) |
DE (2) | DE4031275A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1992006290A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5252861A (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 1993-10-12 | Eaton Corporation | Starter interlock for electronically controlled vehicle |
DE19532484B4 (de) * | 1995-02-03 | 2005-08-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Startvorrichtung zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE19705587C2 (de) * | 1997-02-14 | 1999-07-15 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines elektromotorischen Anlassers |
US6104157A (en) * | 1997-10-11 | 2000-08-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus and method for controlling an electrical starter of an internal combustion engine |
JP3502250B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-26 | 2004-03-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | スタータ保護装置 |
FR2797536B1 (fr) * | 1999-08-09 | 2001-11-02 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Dispositif de commande de l'alimentation d'un demarreur de moteur thermique, notamment de vehicule automobile |
US6354257B1 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2002-03-12 | International Truck And Engine Corp. | System and method for preventing start pinion/gear ring engagement during selected engine start conditions |
DE10218011A1 (de) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-06 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Detektion der Beendigung eines Startvorgangs bei einer Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
WO2008029363A2 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-13 | Ford Otomotiv Sanayi Anonim Sirketi | A method for protection of a starter |
WO2016093779A1 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-16 | Turk Traktor Ve Ziraat Makinalari Anonim | Starter protection system |
KR101619663B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-05-18 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 하이브리드 차량의 능동형 진동 저감 제어장치 및 그 방법 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3214365A1 (de) * | 1982-04-20 | 1983-10-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Sicherheitseinrichtung fuer eine vorrichtung zum anlassen und abstellen einer brennkraftmaschine |
JPS5985377U (ja) * | 1982-11-30 | 1984-06-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | エンジンのスタ−タ保護装置 |
GB2208140B (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1992-01-02 | Rakib Khan | Cold start |
DE3918780C2 (de) * | 1988-06-10 | 1994-04-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Beschleunigungsaufnehmer |
-
1990
- 1990-10-04 DE DE4031275A patent/DE4031275A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-09-25 WO PCT/DE1991/000758 patent/WO1992006290A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1991-09-25 AU AU86329/91A patent/AU8632991A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-09-25 JP JP3515208A patent/JPH05502496A/ja active Pending
- 1991-09-25 DE DE59104333T patent/DE59104333D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-25 EP EP91916667A patent/EP0504342B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9206290A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH05502496A (ja) | 1993-04-28 |
EP0504342B1 (de) | 1995-01-18 |
WO1992006290A1 (de) | 1992-04-16 |
DE59104333D1 (de) | 1995-03-02 |
AU8632991A (en) | 1992-04-28 |
DE4031275A1 (de) | 1992-04-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6323562B1 (en) | Circuit for a latching relay | |
DE10318848B4 (de) | Maschinenstartsystem | |
DE102005004326A1 (de) | Startvorrichtung für einen Verbrennungsmotor mit separatem Einrück- und Startvorgang | |
EP0504342A1 (de) | Elektronisches startsperr-relais für eine kraftfahrzeug-brennkraftmaschine. | |
DE10141340A1 (de) | Anlassersteuersystem für ein Automobil | |
DE102011001470A1 (de) | Fehlfunktionsdiagnosesystem für ein Fahrzeug-Leerlauf-Stop-System | |
DE60117439T2 (de) | Diebstahlschutzvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge | |
DE10147357B4 (de) | Anlasserschutzeinrichtung | |
DE10203147B4 (de) | Maschinenanlassersystem mit einer Tastverhältnis-gesteuerten Schaltvorrichtung | |
EP0326694B1 (de) | Sicherheitssystem für Brennkraftmaschinen | |
DE4221483C2 (de) | Steuervorrichtung für einen Motor eines Kraftfahrzeuges | |
DE4217650C1 (de) | ||
DE19811176A1 (de) | Anordnung und Verfahren zur Steuerung einer elektrischen Maschine | |
DE10135120B4 (de) | Startermotorsteuervorrichtung und -verfahren für eine Brennkraftmaschine | |
DE4229540C2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer Brennkraftmaschine | |
EP1809866B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum einstellen der drehwinkellage der nockenwelle einer hubkolben-verbrennungsmaschine relativ zur kurbelwelle | |
DE10059902A1 (de) | Starteinrichtung für Verbrennungsmotoren von Kraftfahrzeugen | |
DE2364190C3 (de) | Elektrische Steuerungseinrichtung für die Abgaszusammensetzung einer Fahrzeugbrennkraftmaschine | |
DE3739520C2 (de) | ||
EP1434934B1 (de) | Brennkraftmaschinensteuerung sowie verfahren zum betrieb einer brennkraftmaschinensteuerung | |
DE10349323A1 (de) | Starter/Wechselstromgenerator-Anordnung bzw. Anlasser/Wechselstromgenerator-Anordnung eines Verbrennungsmotors und ein Verfahren zum Regeln bzw. Steuern davon | |
DE19841659B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Kraftstoffpumpe für ein Kraftfahrzeug | |
DE3834855A1 (de) | Starter eines kraftfahrzeugs mit integrierter leistungselektronik | |
EP0155273A1 (de) | Einrichtung zur kraftstoffzummessung bei einer brennkraftmaschine. | |
DE3415556A1 (de) | Elektronisches regelsystem fuer eine kraftstoffpumpe |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19920519 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR IT |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19940705 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR IT |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59104333 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19950302 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: STUDIO JAUMANN |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19950918 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19960930 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19991124 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010601 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050925 |