EP0502912A1 - Eolienne - Google Patents

Eolienne

Info

Publication number
EP0502912A1
EP0502912A1 EP90917643A EP90917643A EP0502912A1 EP 0502912 A1 EP0502912 A1 EP 0502912A1 EP 90917643 A EP90917643 A EP 90917643A EP 90917643 A EP90917643 A EP 90917643A EP 0502912 A1 EP0502912 A1 EP 0502912A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mast
power plant
wind power
struts
support structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90917643A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Götz Dipl.-Phys. Heidelberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0502912A1 publication Critical patent/EP0502912A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/214—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Musgrove or "H"-type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S416/00—Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
    • Y10S416/06—Supports for natural fluid current motors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wind power plant for harnessing wind energy, characterized by:
  • the most widespread type of wind power plant to date has a rotor with a horizontal axis in the manner of an aircraft propeller and a conventional power generator which is driven by the rotor via a gearbox.
  • the wind power plant according to the invention is characterized in that the rotor blades are less loaded and are therefore more durable or can be constructed in a simpler design, in particular because no combined, two-directional load from centrifugal force and wind power is concentrated at a single point, which Rotor blade root, attacks. This leads to favorable conditions that wind power plants according to the invention can be built with high performance and that high wind speeds can also be used.
  • the support structure and the rotor blades form a common, rigid unit which can be mounted on the mast with only one bearing or with only two bearings.
  • the outer region of the support structure preferably consists essentially of a series of essentially tetrahedral elements distributed in the circumferential direction, each having four struts, a tangential strut or a circumferential section of the inner region and one Middle section of the rotor blade in question. If it is said that struts "merge”, this does not necessarily mean that these struts come together at exactly one point; a meeting close to each other serves the same purpose. The same applies to the expression “going out from the corners”; going out from the area of the corner in question is completely sufficient.
  • the expression “struts lead” to "the rotor blade concerned” does not necessarily mean that the struts come together exactly at the boundary of the rotor blade; merging near the rotor blade serves the same purpose.
  • the mast can be constructed with a lower weight, which also serves to reduce the cost of the wind power plant. If one speaks of "soil”, then this term should not encompass both the surface of the earth on land and the seabed under a water layer to a great depth. It is an important aspect of the invention that the wind power plant is particularly well suited for installation in relatively flat sea areas. The average wind supply is often particularly high in such areas. In addition, the operator of the wind power plant does not have to create building ground in a complex and cumbersome manner.
  • the wind power plant according to the invention can be implemented in two different designs, namely with a stationary mast around which the support structure, the rotor blades and, if appropriate, the support structure-Ab- Rotate tensioning cables or struts under the influence of wind, and with a rotatable, central mast, to which the support structure together with the rotor blades and, if appropriate, the support structure guy cables or struts are firmly connected.
  • the mast guy ropes or the mast inclined supports are advantageously connected to the central mast in such a way that the central mast can rotate relative to them.
  • the mast can be replaced by a number of downward diverging supports, particularly in a lower region, but also overall.
  • the "device for converting the rotary movement of the rotor blades into electrical energy" differs fundamentally from a conventional generator in that the annular air gap has a much larger diameter. There is no generator which represents its own expensive machine. Rather, the “functional parts" of the conversion device are integrated in the steel structure of the wind power plant. It works with much coarser tolerances than with conventional generators.
  • the conversion device with an excitation system constructed with permanent magnets, preferably with highly coercive permanent magnets, for example on the basis of rare earth elements with cobalt or on iron-neodymium bases or with cheaper ferrite Permanent magnets.
  • An air gap of comparatively great thickness can be achieved with such permanent magnets.
  • Magnets of this type react only slightly, for example air gap variations caused by the coarser tolerances already mentioned.
  • Such a conversion device could be called a "circular ring generator” or "long stator generator”; it is more like a linear generator than a conventional current generator.
  • the excitation system is preferably assigned to the rotatable functional part, because the forwarding of the generated current from the other stato-functional part is less complicated.
  • the "large diameter" of the air gap or of the two support rings can best be characterized more precisely in relation to the arrangement diameter of the rotor blades, values of more than 12%, preferably more than 20%, air gap diameter in relation to the arrangement diameter of the rotor blades prefers.
  • Claims 18 to 21 relate to preferred embodiments of the invention, which are explained in more detail below, with regard to the separability of the wind power plant on the sea floor. It is advantageous if one does not first have to build foundation-like structures on which the wind turbine rests, but instead equips the wind turbine with one or more foundation bodies which rest on the ocean floor.
  • the term "ride on” is also intended to include a limited sinking into the top layer of the sea floor. It is understood that the foundation body or the foundation body together have such a large seating area that the weight of the wind turbine is derived into the seabed. The stability of the wind turbine also among the The highest occurring wind speeds result from their own weight.
  • the foundation body or bodies can either be floating bodies that are open at the top and can simply be filled with sand, stones or water from above, or hollow bodies that can be flooded.
  • the hollow bodies can either be provided inside with a pump or with a connection for external pumping out, so that they can be emptied and made to float if necessary.
  • the floating bodies can be so large that they can keep the wind turbine floating in the unfilled state.
  • the number of rotor blades is preferably in the range from two to six, the odd numbers three and five being particularly preferred.
  • the rotor blades do not necessarily have to be arranged on a common arrangement circle, although this is preferred.
  • the term “upright” used in the application does not necessarily mean “vertical”, although this is preferred; slight inclinations are tolerable, although this can result when the wind power plant is installed on the sea floor, in particular due to a slight sinking of one or the other foundation body. If one speaks of "horizontal plane” or "plane transverse to the mast axis", this should not necessarily mean that the components described lie exactly in one plane; the general arrangement of the specified components.
  • Wind power plants are often built with a possibility of controlling the angle of attack of the rotor blades relative to their arrangement circle. This can also be provided in the wind power plant according to the invention; However, training without such a control of the employment is preferred, in particular from the aspect of the simplest possible construction. This may result in the need, in a manner known per se, for a possibility of causing the rotor blades to rotate by means of a drive for starting, in particular by means of the generator described.
  • the wind turbine is not only suitable for generating electricity, although this is the preferred area of application according to the invention. Alternatively, however, the wind power plant can also be used, in particular, to drive work machines, such as pumps, compressors.
  • Figure 1 is a shore-side wind turbine with a rotating mast in side view.
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the support structure of the wind power plant according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a modified supporting structure of the wind power plant from FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of a wind power plant with a non-rotatable mast in a partial side view
  • FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of a wind power plant for installation on the sea floor in a side view, one of the three rotor blades and one of the three outer foundation bodies being rotated into the plane of the drawing.
  • the wind power plant 2 shown in Fig. 1 consists essentially of a vertical, rotatable mast 4, a - roughly speaking - horizontally oriented support structure 6, three upright rotor blades 8 radially attached to the outside of the support structure 6, a storage base 10 for the Mast 4, support structure guy ropes 12, mast guy ropes 14 and a conversion device 50 for converting the rotary movement of the rotor blades 8 or the support structure 6 or the mast 4 into electrical Energy .
  • the mast 4 is designed as a steel tube with the diameter required for the load and the wall thickness required for the load.
  • the support structure 6 is fastened to the mast 4 at a point which is a bit below the mast tip.
  • a stationary collar 18 is seated on the outer circumference of the mast 4 by means of a roller bearing (not shown), quite close below this fastening point 16.
  • Three mast guy ropes 14 run obliquely outwards from the collar - each to a bottom foundation 20 below.
  • the bearing base 10 is also seated on a base foundation 20.
  • the lower end of the mast 4 is mounted on the bearing base 10 by means of a roller bearing (not shown), preferably a roller bearing which permits slight inclination of the mast 4, such as a spherical roller bearing.
  • the two upper struts 34 which are assigned to one of the "triangles" 26, 28 described, merge radially on the outside.
  • each rotor blade 8 is carried by four struts 34 and 36, the merging points 38 of the upper struts 34 and the lower struts 36 being close to the respective rotor blade 8.
  • the two upper struts 34, two lower struts 36 associated with the rotor blade in question, the tangential strut 28 in question and a central section 40 of the rotor blade 8 in question form a tetrahedron.
  • a total of nine supporting structure guy ropes 12 can also be seen. Radially on the inside, the guy ropes 12 are all fastened to a fastening ring 42 assigned to the mast 4. A total of six lower guy ropes lead obliquely outwards / downwards from the fastening ring 42 to the described junction points 32 of the inner region 22 of the supporting structure 6. A total of three upper guy ropes lead obliquely downwards / outwards from the fastening ring 42 to the described junction points 38 of the upper ones Struts 34.
  • the upper struts 34 and the lower struts 36 lie symmetrically to a plane which can be thought of as a continuation of the plane of the inner region 22 of the support structure 6 can.
  • the conversion device 50 mentioned above is constructed in detail as described in more detail below in connection with the embodiment according to FIG. 4.
  • the variant of the support structure shown in FIG. 3 differs from the variant shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially in that the adjacent "triangles" of the inner region 22 are moved together in the circumferential direction, so that a total of only three symmetrically distributed struts 26 are present and there are no tension cables 30. None fundamental has changed in the outer region 24. As a result, only three lower guy ropes 12 are still present.
  • This variant is particularly suitable for lower power wind turbines 2 in which the arrangement diameter of the rotor blades 8 is smaller than in the variant according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 differs from the previously described embodiments essentially by the following:
  • the mast 4 is designed as a non-rotating mast. It is supported by two inclined supports 70, which form an angle of preferably 100 to 150 "with one another in plan view.
  • the inclined supports 70 are connected to the mast 4 in an articulated manner.
  • the inner region 22 is essentially formed by a support ring 44 with radial spokes 45.
  • the "tetrahedra" of the outer region 24 are fastened to this support ring 44 and are essentially designed as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, although a peripheral section of the support ring 44 takes on the role of a tangential strut 28.
  • a series of permanent magnets 48 with polarity changing in the circumferential direction are fastened to the support ring 44 on a collar 46 projecting downwards along its inner circumference.
  • the support ring 44 is combined with a central, upstanding tube 72.
  • the combination of support ring 44 and tube 72 is rotatably mounted on the mast 4 in the area of the mast tip by means of an annular track bearing 74.
  • the roller bearing 74 is designed such that it prevents angular movements of the support ring 44 relative to the mast 4. Instead of providing only a single bearing 74, two bearings can also be provided one above the other. Three guy ropes 12 lead from the tip of the tube 72 to the points 38 described.
  • a further support ring 52 is attached to the mast 4, which extends essentially in a horizontal plane.
  • a laminated stator 54 is fastened along the outer circumference of the further support ring 52 and has, in its radially outer circumferential surface, perpendicular grooves into which coils or windings of a conductor system (not shown) are introduced. Between the outer peripheral surface of the stator 54 and the inner one There is a vertical cylindrical air gap 56 on the circumferential surface of the permanent magnet row 48.
  • the stator 54 forms a first functional part 46 and the permanent magnet row 48 forms a second functional part of an electrical generator. It goes without saying that magnetic flux paths between adjacent stator poles or permanent magnet poles must be provided both on the stator 54 and on the rotor.
  • the diameter of the air gap 56 is more than 20% of the arrangement diameter of the rotor blades 8.
  • the mast 4 derives the support torque for holding the stator 54 against rotation to the ground without the inclined supports 70 being loaded by this torque.
  • the embodiment of a wind power plant 2 shown in FIG. 5 essentially differs from the embodiments described so far by the following:
  • the support structure 6 and the fastening ring 42 for the support structure guy ropes 12 can be rotated on the stationary mast 4 by means of roller bearings (not shown) stored. From the lower end region of the mast 4, three spacer struts 57 each lead obliquely outward-upward to one of the mast guy ropes 14, so that the lower section thereof is essentially perpendicular.
  • a hollow foundation body 58 which is open at the top is provided for the lower mast end and for the lower ends of the mast guy cables 14.
  • the central foundation body 58 has vertical plate extensions 60 on its underside, with which it can dig a piece into the seabed in a fixed position.
  • the outer foundation bodies 58 have a profiled underside 62 so that they do not make any undesired lateral movements on the sea floor.
  • the foundation bodies 58 are preferably round and preferably have a diameter which is at least twice to four times their height.
  • a frame 64 which connects the three outer foundation bodies 58 to one another in a triangular shape.
  • the conversion device 50 is configured analogously, as described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4.
  • Conversion device 50 must be arranged a sufficient degree above sea level.
  • the variant according to FIG. 5 can also be provided for installation on land.
  • the spacer struts 56 can be provided in all variants, but are particularly favorable in the variant for installation on the sea floor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

Une éolienne (2) pour capter l'énergie du vent comprend: un mât (4); (b) n pales droites (8) de rotor mutuellement espacées dans le sens de la circonférence et radialement espacées par rapport à un axe de rotation (59); et (c) une structure (6) de support des pales (8) du rotor qui mène du mât (4) aux pales (8) du rotor.
EP90917643A 1989-12-01 1990-11-30 Eolienne Withdrawn EP0502912A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3939862 1989-12-01
DE3939862A DE3939862C2 (de) 1989-12-01 1989-12-01 Windkraftanlage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0502912A1 true EP0502912A1 (fr) 1992-09-16

Family

ID=6394647

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90917643A Withdrawn EP0502912A1 (fr) 1989-12-01 1990-11-30 Eolienne

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5299913A (fr)
EP (1) EP0502912A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06506034A (fr)
AU (2) AU6875191A (fr)
CA (1) CA2070177A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3939862C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991008394A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

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US5299913A (en) 1994-04-05
AU2020395A (en) 1995-07-27
AU6875191A (en) 1991-06-26
DE3939862A1 (de) 1991-06-06
CA2070177A1 (fr) 1991-06-02
JPH06506034A (ja) 1994-07-07
DE3939862C2 (de) 1996-07-11
WO1991008394A1 (fr) 1991-06-13

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