Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
  • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
  • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
  • B29C48/901—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies
  • B29C48/902—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article of hollow bodies internally
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
  • B65B53/00—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
  • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
  • B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
  • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
  • B29K2995/0041—Crystalline
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
  • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the wrapping of an article with a stretch wrap film.
• it relates to wrapping of a rolled and other products, e.g. of paper, carpet, non-woven fabric, fibre spools, with a stretch wrap film.
• Stretch wrap films are known. For example, U.S.
• Patent 4 657 982 to Breck and Mollison which issued 1937 April 14, discloses stretch wrap films made fror. 80-90 percent by weight of a polyethylene, 0.5 tc 10.0 percent. by weight of a polybutene having a number average molecular weight of from 500 to 1500 and 0.5 to 10.0 percent by weight of a polybutene having a number average molecular weight of from 1700 to 10 000.
• West German Patent 2 821 733 A49, to British Cellophane Limited, published 1978 November 30, discloses a method of manufacturing a wrapping film suitable for use in spin wrapping applications, comprising extruding a blend of polyethylene and 0.5 to 10 percent by weight of polyisobutylene to form a film, and treating one surface of the film with corona discharge.
• Low density polyethylenes are exemplified.
• Patent 4 337 188 to Climenhage and Eadie which issued 1982 June 29 also describes cling films made from polyolefins, an elastomer and one or more of an N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) alkylamine, a mineral oil, a liquid polyolefin, and organic phosphate ester, polyethylene glycol, glycerol oleate and N-(3 alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl) ethanolamine.
• the film used to wrap such articles is usually made from low density polyethylene or linear lov: density polyethylene blended with at least one poly utene in a conventional blown film process. Film thicknesses are generally from 20 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m. Unsuccessful attempts have been made to wrap large roll stock, e.g. paper, carpets and the like, on a horizontal beam, cr heavy articles, e.g. bricks on a pallet, with linear lov; density polyethylene film, where such film has been made using a conventional blown film process and has a thickness of about 51 ⁇ m.
• the present invention provides in a process for wrapping an article with a stretch wrap filr, an improvement wherein the film is at least 45 ⁇ thick and is made from a polymer blend, such blend comprising i) from 1 to 20 wt.% of at least one polybutene having a number average molecular weight of from 500 to 10 000 and ii) a polyethylene selected from the group consisting of at least one linear ethylene/C 4 -C 10 ⁇ -olefin copolymer having a density of from 0.905 to 0.940 g/cm 3 and blends of such copolymer with a second polymer, selected from a homopolymer of ethylene and a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, said second polymer having a density of from 0.910 to 0.940 g/cm 3 , said polyethylene having up tc 70 wt.% of said second polymer, and wherein said filr. has a low crystallinity.
• the article is cylindrical, and circular in cross-section.
• the article has a ratio of length to height of at least about 1.5.
• the film is prestretched at least 200%, preferably at least 250%, and more preferably at least 400%, immediately prior tc wrapping the article.
• the ethylene/C_-C, : ⁇ -olefin copolymer is an ethylene/octene-1 copolymer or an ethylene/hexene-1 copolymer having a density of from C.910 to 0. 930 g/cm3 .
• the polybutene has a number average molecular weight of from 700 to 5000, especially from 900 to 3000.
• the polymer blend contains from 2 to 12 wt.% of polybutene, especially from
• the film is from 50 ⁇ m to 110 ⁇ m in thickness. In a further embodiment the gloss of the film is at least about 90%, measured using ASTM Procedure D-2457 at a 20° reflectance angle.
• the gloss of the film is from 90 to 120%. In another embodiment the haze of the film is from about 4% to 6%, as measured using ASTM Procedure
• the present invention is particulary suited to wrapping large or heavy articles.
• the article is a beam of paper, fabric or carpet.
• the article is more usually wrapped on a horizontal wrapping machine because it is more convenient to support the weight of the article or roll horizontally, although a vertical wrapping machine may be used, if convenient.
• Molecular weights of the polybutenes referred to herein, unless otherwise specified, are number average molecular weights determined using ASTM Procedure
• polybutene refers to polymers having a backbone predominantly based on n-butene or isobutylene.
• Polybutenes known in the trade as polyisobutylenes may be made by catalytically polymerizing an isobutylene-rich mixtures, with more 1- and 2-butene ⁇ being incorporated in the lower weight polyisobutylenes than in the higher molecular weight polyisobutylenes.
• Polybutenes may also be synthesized, by a low temperature catalytic process, from a refinery gas stream containing poly erizable olefins, particularly isobutylene.
• the constituents of the composition of the film may be blended by methods known in the art, e.g. the constituents may be preblended, the polybutene may be incorporated in a masterbatch concentrate and then "let down" by admixing with polyethylene, or the polybutene may be directly injected into the film extruder. In any event, the polybutene should be well mixed with the polyethylene in order to provide as uniform a film as possible.
• the blend may be directly extruded into filr form in a flat film or blown film process which causes the film to have low crystallinity, as described more fully hereinafter. Crystallinity is not easily measured in films of the present invention but an indication of crystallinity may be given by the clarity of the film.
• Indicators of crystallinity are gloss and haze levels of the film. Gloss is measured by ASTM Procedure D-2457, measured at a 20° reflectance angle and haze is measured by ASTM Procedure D-1003, both with 51 ⁇ m thick films. In the context of the present invention, gloss levels of at least 90% are desirable, with preferred levels being from 90% to 120%. Haze levels of from about 4% to about 6% are preferred, and especially from 4% to 5.5%. For comparison, films made by conventional processes have gloss levels of from about 35% to 70% and haze levels of from 7% to 15%.
• the blown film process is the preferred process for forming the film useful in the present invention.
• the polymer blend is extruded through a circular die.
• the resulting film is pulled fror the die by cooperating nip rollers which collapse the tubular film at the nip.
• the tubular film, between the circular die and the nip is sometimes referred to as a bubble.
• the tubular film While in the molten or plastic formative state the tubular film is expanded by air or inert gas admitted into the bubble through an orifice in the centre of the circular die.
• the film may be cooled by directing air onto the exterior of the film while in the plastic formative state. The film is cooled until it is in the solid state. Cooling to the solid state is often referred to as quenching.
• Fast quenching, in the blown film process may be accomplished by passing the expanding film about a cooled mandrel which is situated within the bubble.
• a cooled mandrel is disclosed in Canadian 893 216 which issued 1972 February 15 to M. Bunga and C.V. Thomas.
• Fast heat transfer from the film to the mandrel can be improved by using a gas- inside the bubble which has excellent heat transfer properties, such as helium.
• Such a process would provide the level of crystallinity required in ' the present invention.
• Conventional blown film processes do not have rapid quenching and do not permit development of the required level of crystallinity.
• the films used in the present invention may contain ultra-violet light stabilizers, pigments, antioxidants and other modifiers known in the art.
• Example I The invention may also be better understood by reference to the following examples: Example I:
• a large roll of non-woven fabric was attempted to be stretch wrapped with a 51 ⁇ m thick stretch wrap film (Control) .
• Such film was made from a blend of polybutene and linear low density polyethylene, which had been made into film using a conventional blown film process.
• the apparatus was capable of prestretching film at ratios from 50 to 650%.
• the film yielded in a non-uniform manner, and tended to lack high prestretch capability an have insufficient cling, at prestretch ratios of 50 to 100%.
• the film tended to stretch and then fail to stretch, forming transverse lanes 25 to 50 mm wide, 51 ⁇ m thick, followed by a length 1 ⁇ m thick.
• Film A was used to wrap large rolls of paper at prestretch ratios of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600 and 650%. No film breaks were experienced over the entire prestretch ratio range. Additionally the film stretched evenly at all prestretch ratios and cling properties were retained. Furthermore the film was crystal clear after stretching. This example clearly demonstrates the surprising improvement in performance of films having low crystallinity.
• Example II Eighteen spools of synthetic fibre were wrapped into a three-layer unit on a vertical stretch wrap machine. Two three-layer units were then wrapped together using a second vertical stretch wrap machine. The film used to stretch wrap the spools and units was a 30.5 ⁇ m thick commercially available conventional stretch wrap polyethylene film.
• the prestretch ratio was about 120%.
• the film, after being wrapped around the spools and units was hazy and exhibited non-uniform stretch, sometimes called zebra stripes in the art. Additionally, although the process generally ran well, there was one period of film breakage. About 200 g of film was required for each package.
• the film was then replaced with Film A of Example I, of the present invention, and operated at prestretch ratios of from 350 to 450%. While a low breakage frequency was experienced at a prestretch ratio of 450%, there were no breaks at 350, 375 and 425%.
• the film stretched uniformly and was clear. About 125 g of film was required for each package. This example clearly demonstrates the improved performance of the present invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
• Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
• Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Wrappers (AREA)

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• 1990
  • 1990-06-26 GB GB9014181A patent/GB2245572A/en not_active Withdrawn
• 1991
  • 1991-06-21 AU AU80052/91A patent/AU641253B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1991-06-21 CA CA002072599A patent/CA2072599C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-06-21 PL PL29716591A patent/PL297165A1/xx unknown
  • 1991-06-21 WO PCT/CA1991/000226 patent/WO1992000344A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-06-21 HU HU9202208A patent/HUT65769A/hu unknown
  • 1991-06-21 EP EP91911377A patent/EP0502132A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1991-06-24 NZ NZ238679A patent/NZ238679A/en unknown
  • 1991-06-25 TW TW080104932A patent/TW205016B/zh active

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