EP0500120A2 - Structural member for building walls, in particular for outer building walls - Google Patents

Abstract

A structural member for building walls, in particular for outer building walls, possesses a glass pane (1). To obtain a particularly good heat-insulating action, the structural member (1) possesses a flat element (3) which is arranged on the inside (4) of the structural member (1), is impervious or pervious only to a small extent to light from outside (5) and forms, with the glass pane (2), a space (7) closed at the bottom and open at the top. The flat element (3) can be moved out of position, in particular be pivotable about a horizontally extending pivot pin (8) situated at the bottom end of the flat element (3). The outside (9) of the flat element (3) is preferably provided with a highly polished metal coating. Ventilation openings (20) can be provided in the lower region of the structural member (1). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a component for building walls, in particular building outer walls.

Exterior walls of the building generally consist at least partially of glass to allow light to enter. However, the thermal insulation properties of glass are generally not particularly good.

The object of the invention is therefore to propose a component for building walls, in particular building outer walls, with which a good thermal insulation effect can be achieved.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the component for building walls, in particular external walls of the building, has a glass pane and a surface element which is arranged on the inside of the component and which is not or only slightly permeable to light from outside and which has the glass pane forms a space that is closed at the bottom and open at the top.

An air layer forms in the space between the glass pane and the surface element, which cannot or only very badly leave this space. This standing layer of air in the space between the glass pane and the surface element results in an improved thermal insulation effect. If the outside temperature is lower than the inside temperature, the inside air cools down on the inside of the glass pane. It flows down until it reached the bottom of the closed space between the glass pane and the surface element. In this way, this room is gradually (gradually) filled with cold air from below. Because of the shape of the space between the glass pane and the surface element, that is because this space is closed at the bottom, this cold air cannot leave the space between the glass pane and the surface element, so it forms a good insulating layer there. In the component according to the invention, the thermal insulation effect is therefore particularly good at low outside temperatures, that is to say when this thermal insulation effect is particularly required.

The shape of the space between the glass pane and the surface element, that is to say that this space is closed at the bottom, also prevents the known so-called "air roller". When the outside temperature is low, the interior air cools down on the inside of the glass pane. It flows downwards and creates the undesired so-called air roller in the interior, i.e. convection, which is subjectively perceived as an undesirable draft. This convection is prevented in the beginning by the invention, since the space between the glass pane and the surface element is closed at the bottom; This space prevents the cold air which arises on the inside of the glass pane from moving downward, so that the space enclosed below between the glass pane and the surface element can also be referred to as a "cold air trap".

The space enclosed below between the glass pane and the surface element can be U-shaped in cross section. However, other shapes are also possible, for example a V-shaped cross-section.

The glass pane in the sense of the invention can consist of glass in the sense of silicate glass. However, it is also possible to provide other materials and embodiments. It is crucial that the glass pane is translucent, i.e. transparent or translucent (not opaque). It must therefore be possible for light to enter from the outside of the building to the inside of the building. "Glass" in the sense of the invention is therefore also translucent plastic, acrylic glass, "plexiglass", polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE) or similar materials. The glass pane in the sense of the invention can also be realized by a film (membrane) which is clamped, for example, in a (rigid) frame made of metal or wood or similar materials. It is also possible to use single or multi-layer glass and / or insulating glass.

The surface element is not or only slightly permeable to light from outside. "Light" in this sense is essentially visible light, ie light in the visible frequency range.

Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

The surface element can preferably be brought out of position. The surface element can thus be movable or removable in such a way that it no longer or only slightly obstructs the incidence of light from the outside and that it no longer forms a downwardly closed and upwardly open space with the glass pane. The component according to the invention thus makes it possible to implement changeable states. On the one hand, the surface element can be brought into the starting position in which it is not or only slightly permeable to light from the outside and in which it forms a downwardly closed and upwardly open space with the glass pane. On the other hand, it can be placed in a further position in which this is not the case. In the first-mentioned position, the component has a heat-insulating effect in the manner described above, while in the second-mentioned position this heat-insulating effect is absent. This has the following advantages:

Depending on the season, time of day and weather, it is desirable to let daylight into the building or daylight not to invade the building. Furthermore, depending on the season, time of day and weather, it is desirable that thermal insulation is present or missing. For example, the incidence of daylight is desirable on cold winter days. On hot summer days, on the other hand, the heating ("greenhouse effect") associated with excessive incidence of light should be avoided, although a certain amount of light should still get into the interior in order to generate sufficient brightness therein. On cold winter days, the surface element can be brought into the second position in order to take advantage of the greenhouse effect that is generated by the radiation that then penetrates over the entire surface from outside to inside. In addition, there is a further advantage of a completely unobstructed view to the outside and great room brightness. In this way, energy can be saved since there is no need for supplementary daylight lighting.

In summer, the surface element can also be brought into the second position at night, so that the building is cooled down by radiation. Energy can also be saved in this way, namely, for example, cooling power generated by air-conditioning systems that is otherwise required. This energy saving effect affects both the installation costs for the required cooling capacity and the running costs for generating this cooling capacity.

In winter, the surface element can be brought into the first position at night. Then the component according to the invention has a heat-insulating effect. In summer, the surface element can also be brought into the first-mentioned position during the day. The incident solar radiation is then shaded. In addition, there is thermal insulation, which prevents further heating of the interior.

The invention thus enables simple and effective building air conditioning and a reduction in the necessary Energy. This is achieved through the possibility of changing the state of the properties of the building envelope. This change in state relates on the one hand to the possibility of metering incoming solar energy, which is important primarily in the summer half-year, i.e. in the period in which protection against undesired heating by a shading system must be given, especially in the case of lightweight structures, but also in other structures. On the other hand, this change in state relates to the control of heat loss through the building envelope, which is particularly important in the winter half-year, i.e. at times when there is little or no global radiation, especially at night. The invention enables temporary heat protection measures to be implemented, by means of which it can be prevented that heat present inside the building is lost due to transmission to the outside. In both cases, the saving of operating energy can be achieved, on the one hand by reducing the otherwise necessary space cooling, on the other hand by reducing the otherwise necessary space heating. The temporary thermal protection that can be achieved by the invention enables an increased thermal insulation value in the area of the glass panes (“facade openings”). The thermal protection is "temporary" because it can be removed - preferably during the day - to allow solar radiation and a line of sight from the inside to the outside.

The surface element is preferably pivotable about an axis. However, it can also be moved. The swivel axis can run horizontally or vertically or also inclined. The surface element can preferably be locked in one or more pivot positions.

The swivel axis for the surface element can run horizontally. The pivot axis for the surface element is preferably located at its lower end. The pivot axis is preferably spaced from the glass pane. It is advantageous if the distance between the glass pane and the surface element is not more than 5 cm. Then there is an internal convection inside the space between the glass pane and the surface element is not possible. At a distance of more than 5 cm there is a risk of internal convection, through which the thermal insulation effect can be reduced or canceled. The space between the glass pane and the surface element can then no longer or only to a limited extent act as a "cold air trap"("cold air lake", "cold air sump").

If the horizontal pivot axis arranged at the lower end of the surface element is spaced from the glass pane, the surface element can be brought from the above-mentioned position into the above-mentioned position in a particularly simple and effective manner.

According to a further advantageous development, the outside of the surface element is mirrored. The surface element can have a preferably high-gloss metal coating on its outside. The mirroring has the advantage that incident radiation is reflected. This incident radiation cannot heat up the interior of the building. The "greenhouse effect" which otherwise occurs is prevented particularly well, which is particularly advantageous in summer. In winter, so-called "cold" radiation, which can cause the building to cool down at night, is also prevented.

If the surface element is both mirrored and can be moved out of position, the following additional advantage is achieved: When the surface element is moved out of position, i.e. brought into the second position mentioned above, the incident light can be reflected on the ceiling of the room. It is understood that the adjustability of the surface element must be designed accordingly. Light on the ceiling of the building is generally "more valuable" than light in the lower area of the room, since the light on the ceiling of the room provides better room illumination. The room brightness is not only dependent on the amount of incident light, but also of where that light comes in. With the same amount of light, a greater room brightness and room illumination can be achieved in the event of light falling on the ceiling of the room. The advantage mentioned is particularly important in summer, since the sun is then very high, so that only a little light reaches the ceiling of the room and the brightness in the room decreases accordingly. Ultimately, the advantage mentioned is a similar effect to that of swiveling blinds. However, the reflection of the sunlight on the ceiling and in the entire depth of the room works not only with direct sunlight, but also with light coming from the bright sky (zenith light), e.g. with cloudy skies and on the north side of the building.

In addition to the reflection effect, the mirroring of the surface element still brings with it the advantageous shading effect.

A further advantageous development is characterized in that the area of the surface element is smaller than the area of the glass pane. When the glass pane and / or the surface element are inclined, the area of the surface element is smaller than the surface of the glass plate, at least in the projection. The arrangement is preferably such that the surface element covers the lower region of the glass pane, while allowing light to enter the upper region of the glass pane. The surface element therefore does not extend to the upper end of the glass pane, so that the view from the inside to the outside through the glass pane or its upper part remains unrestricted. In the case of commercial premises, a line of sight to the outside is required by trade supervisory law, in the case of living rooms a light incidence is desirable anyway to maintain the interior lighting. According to the advantageous further development, there is always enough light to illuminate the room. This light can constantly enter through the open part of the component. If the open part of the component is on top, is located he is in an optimal position according to the criteria of room lighting.

A further advantageous development is characterized in that the glass pane is inclined outwards relative to the vertical in the downward direction. The glass pane is thus inclined with respect to the vertical, the direction of inclination running from the top inside down to the outside. This has the advantage that ventilation openings (see below) are easy to install.

Another advantageous development is characterized by one or more ventilation openings. These ventilation openings can preferably be opened and closed, for example by moving or pivoting a component provided for this purpose. The ventilation openings can be provided in the lower region of the component. It is possible to provide the ventilation openings in the glass pane. The ventilation openings can be provided in a component connecting the lower part of the glass pane with the surface element and / or the next lower glass pane. This component can consist of a horizontally running profile. It is possible for the ventilation openings to lead to the space between the glass pane and the surface element, ie to ventilate the space forming the "cold air trap". The ventilation openings can, however, also be provided behind the surface element, so that they ventilate the interior lying behind the surface element.

If the ventilation opening that creates the ventilation option and points outwards can be opened and closed, it is possible to react to changing external conditions. If the ventilation opening were constantly open, cold air would constantly flow into the interior even in winter; this can be prevented by a closable ventilation opening. The ventilation openings create an indirect ventilation option without causing - undesirable - direct drafts is coming.

The ventilation openings can also be arranged such that they do not have to be closed when it rains. This is possible in particular if the glass panes are inclined so that the lower end of the glass pane is offset outwards relative to the upper end of the next lower glass pane. The ventilation opening can then be provided in the component connecting the lower end of the glass pane to the upper end of the next lower glass pane, so that the water falling as rain cannot penetrate into the ventilation opening. This makes separate rain protection measures unnecessary. In addition, the ventilation opening is then not visible from the outside, so it does not affect the appearance of the facade. Even with wind pressure, no moisture can enter.

The surface element can consist of a lower part and an upper part. The lower part can be fixed so that it acts as a permanent "cold air trap". The upper part can be moved away, so that the advantages described above can nevertheless be achieved. Furthermore, the surface element can be shorter than the glass pane, that is, it cannot extend to the upper end of the glass pane, so that a permanent incidence of light is possible.

The invention further relates to a building wall, in particular the outer wall of a building, which - at least partially - consists of components according to the invention.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a building wall, in particular a building outer wall, which is characterized by the features of the component according to the invention. It is therefore possible not to construct the building wall from individual components according to the invention or to use individual components according to the invention in the building wall, but to construct the building wall as such with the features according to the invention.

The object specified above is also achieved according to a further proposal, for which protection is claimed independently, by a component for building walls, in particular building exterior walls, and / or building roofs, with a glass pane and a surface element which is arranged on the inside of the component which is not or only slightly permeable to light from outside and which can be brought into a first position in which it completely or almost completely covers the glass pane, and in a second position in which it does not cover the glass pane.

The surface element can be brought into its first position, in which it completely or at least almost completely covers the glass pane. In this position, incidence of light from the outside is prevented. Furthermore, radiation from the inside of the building to the outside of the building is prevented. If the surface element is in its second position, in which it does not cover the glass pane, light can get inside the building from the outside. At the same time, radiation from the inside of the building to the outside of the building is possible. The advantages and disadvantages associated with each of the two positions have already been described above; this is referred to. Furthermore, it has already been explained above which position is advantageous with regard to the season, time of day and outside temperature.

Advantageous further developments are described in the further subclaims.

The glass pane can run at an incline. This is particularly advantageous if the component is part of the building roof.

The surface element can be pivotable about an axis, this axis preferably running horizontally. The possibility of movement of the surface element is then realized by a pivotability, which is generally advantageous.

Another advantageous development is characterized in that the pivot axis for the surface element is located at the upper end of the surface element and is preferably spaced from the glass pane. The pivot axis is then also in the area of the upper end of the glass pane.

The outside and / or the inside of the surface element can be mirrored, for example by a preferably high-gloss metal coating. In this regard, too, we refer to the explanations given above.

According to a further advantageous development, the glass pane or at least part of it can be opened. This creates a ventilation option, which is particularly advantageous if the component is located in the building roof.

A further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the glass panes of two adjoining components are inclined to one another in a roof shape. The building roof can be assembled from a whole series of such pairs of glass panes.

Two surface elements can be arranged between the two glass panes, which are preferably pivotable about a horizontal axis in the area of the gable formed by the glass panes. This creates a particularly space-saving arrangement.

The surface element can be convexly curved on its inside. It can then serve as a large reflector when illuminated by a light source.

The invention further relates to a building wall, in particular the outer wall of a building, and / or a building roof, which - at least partially - consist of components according to the second inventive solution just described.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a building wall, in particular the outer wall of a building, and / or a building roof, which are characterized by the features of the second inventive solution just described. It is therefore possible not to build up the building wall or the building roof from individual components according to the invention or to use individual components according to the invention in the building wall or in the building roof; the building wall or the building roof as such can rather be constructed with the features according to the invention.

Fig. 1

einen Querschnitt durch eine Gebäude-Außenwand mit Bauteilen nach einer ersten Ausführungsform,

Fig. 2

die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Gebäude-Außenwand mit in eine andere Stellung geschwenkten Bauteilen, ebenfalls in einem Querschnitt,

Fig. 3

die in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellte Gebäude-Außenwand mit in eine weitere Stellung geschwenkten Bauteilen, ebenfalls in einem Querschnitt,

Fig. 4

die in den Fig. 1, 2 und 3 dargestellte Gebäude-Außenwand mit in eine weitere Stellung geschwenkten Bauteilen, ebenfalls in einem Querschnitt,

Fig. 5

ein Bauteil in einem Querschnitt,

Fig. 6

eine Abwandlung eines Bauteils, ebenfalls in einem Querschnitt,

Fig. 7

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus der Fig. 6 in einer Schnittdarstellung,

Fig. 8

eine Variante der in der Fig. 7 gezeigten Ausführungsform, ebenfalls in einer Schnittdarstellung,

Fig. 9

eine Gebäude-Außenwand mit schräggestellten Glasscheiben in einem Querschnitt,

Fig. 10

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Gebäudedachs nach der zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Lösung in einem Vertikalschnitt und

Fig. 11

jeweils zwei dachförmig zueinander angeordnete Bauteile der in der Fig. 10 dargestellten Art mit verschiedenen Flächenelement-Positionen.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing shows

Fig. 1

3 shows a cross section through a building outer wall with components according to a first embodiment,

Fig. 2

1 with external components pivoted into another position, also in a cross section,

Fig. 3

1 and 2 of the building outer wall with components pivoted into a further position, also in a cross section,

Fig. 4

1, 2 and 3 building outer wall with components pivoted into a further position, also in a cross section,

Fig. 5

a component in a cross section,

Fig. 6

a modification of a component, also in a cross section,

Fig. 7

6 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 6 in a sectional illustration,

Fig. 8

7 shows a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, also in a sectional view,

Fig. 9

a building outer wall with slanted glass panes in a cross section,

Fig. 10

an embodiment of a building roof according to the second solution according to the invention in a vertical section and

Fig. 11

in each case two roof-shaped components of the type shown in FIG. 10 with different surface element positions.

1 to 4 each show a building's outer wall in a schematic cross-sectional representation, in which the components are in different pivot positions. Each component 1 consists of a glass pane 2 and a surface element 3 which is arranged on the inside 4 of the component 1 and which is not or only slightly permeable to light 6 from the outside (outside 5). In the position shown in FIG. 4, the surface element 3 forms with the glass pane 2 a downwardly closed and upwardly open space 7, which in the manner described above contains a "cold air lake" and brings about thermal insulation.

The surface element 3 can be brought out of position, namely in that it can be pivoted about an axis 8. The pivot axis 8 runs horizontally. It is located at the lower end of the surface element. It is also spaced from the glass pane 2.

There is a high-gloss metal coating on the outside 9 of the surface element 3; the outside 9 of the surface element 3 is therefore mirrored. A high-gloss metal coating has the advantage that the incident radiation 6 is reflected almost completely and therefore cannot heat or cool the interior 4. Mirroring with glass is also possible, but not as effective.

The surface element can be brought into the first position shown in FIG. 4. In this position, the solar radiation 6 incident from the outside 5 is almost completely reflected by the outside 9 of the surface elements 3. Only a limited incidence of light for interior lighting is possible, as indicated by the arrows 10. In the position according to FIG. 4, the surface element 3 forms with the glass pane 2 a space 7 which is closed at the bottom and open at the top and which is approximately U-shaped in cross section. Cold air collects in this room. In addition to the radiation reflection, good thermal insulation is achieved. 4 that the area of the surface element 3 is smaller than the surface of the glass pane 2. The surface element 3 does not extend all the way to the upper end of the glass pane; the upper end 11 of the planar element is therefore somewhat lower than the upper end 12 of the associated glass pane 2. Radiation 6 can thereby enter the interior 4 through the opening 13 created in this way.

The glass pane 2 is connected at its lower end to the surface element 3 or its pivot axis 8 by a horizontal profile 14.

In the second position shown in Fig. 3, the surface elements 3 are pivoted such that they run approximately parallel to the incident light radiation 6 '. In this position there is no space 7 providing thermal insulation between the glass pane 2 and the surface element 3. Furthermore is an unhindered Incidence of radiation 6 'possible.

1 shows an intermediate position of the surface elements 3, in which the interior 4 is completely shaded (shading 15). A space 7 'effecting the thermal insulation between the glass pane 2 and the surface element 3 is still available to a limited extent. Unwanted heating of the interior 4 can be avoided in summer by the pivoting position of the surface elements 3 shown in FIG. 1. There is only a slight line of sight to the outside 5. The surface elements 3 are preferably pivoted in such a way that the radiation 6 strikes the surface elements 3 at a right angle (shown slightly differently in FIG. 1).

A further intermediate position of the surface elements 3 is shown in FIG. 2. The incident radiation 6 is reflected upwards by the mirrored outside 9 of the surface elements 3. It reaches the underside 16 of the next top surface element 3 and is forwarded from there into the interior 4 of the room. The undersides 16 of the surface elements 3 can be mirrored. But it is also possible that the undersides 16 of the surface elements 3 are not mirrored and conduct the light diffusely scattered into the interior 4. If the surface elements 3 are pivoted in the manner shown in FIG. 2, a glare protection is achieved as the main effect. Furthermore, an indirect light is generated in the interior 4 by the daylight deflection via the rear sides 16 of the surface elements (interior shutters) 3.

The main effect that can be achieved by the position of the surface elements 3 according to FIG. 3 is that - preferably in winter - a solar heat gain is made possible, especially when the sun is flat. When the sun is high (in summer and / or in the middle of the day), daylight is deflected into the depth of the interior 4 (see light beam 6). Furthermore, there is an almost complete line of sight from the inside 4 made to the outside 5. With diffuse radiation, a maximum incidence of light to the inside 4 is achieved.

If the surface elements 3 are pivoted into the position shown in FIG. 4, the main effect is a radiation reflection (reflection of the radiation 6) and a cold air trap (thermal insulation through room 7). The heat transmission from the inside 4 to the outside 5 is reduced; this results in "temporary heat protection" which is "temporary" because the surface elements can be pivoted back into one of the positions shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 at another time. 4, "cold" radiation (in winter and / or at night) and internal heat radiation 17 are also reflected. The line of sight from the inside 4 to the outside 5 is restricted. The incidence of daylight from the outside 5 to the inside 4 is also restricted.

5 shows a single component 1, in which parts corresponding to FIGS. 1 to 4 are provided with the same reference numerals, so that they do not have to be described again in detail. The horizontal profiles 14 are essentially rectangular in cross section. They have grooves 18 on their top, in which the lower ends of the glass panes 2 lie, and grooves 19 on their undersides, in which the upper ends 12 of the glass panes 2 are located. The grooves 18, 19 face each other. 5, an outwardly smooth building facade can be achieved. In the lower region of the glass pane 2 there are ventilation openings (supply air openings) 20 through which air 21 can flow into the lower region of the space 7 between the surface element 3 and the glass pane 2. The air openings 20 are not protected from the weather.

FIG. 6 shows a component 1 in which the glass pane 2 is inclined outwards relative to the vertical in the downward direction. The inclination is thus such that the glass pane is inclined from the top inside down to the outside. To this This creates a horizontal distance between the upper end 12 of the glass pane 2 and the lower end 22 of the next upper glass pane 2 '. This distance is bridged by the horizontal profile 14. On the outside of the horizontal profile 14 there are grooves 18 which can be formed by a bent, bent sheet metal 23 and in which the glass panes 2, 2 'rest with their lower ends 22. On the inside of the profiles 14 there are also grooves 19, which point downwards, which can be realized by a bent, angled plate 24 and which receive the upper ends 12 of the glass panes 2. In the central area of the essentially rectangular horizontal profiles 14, ventilation openings (supply air openings) 20 are provided, through which supply air can flow into the space 25 behind the surface element 3. The arrangement could also be such that the supply air flows into the space 7 between the surface element 3 and the glass pane 2. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 6 and offset by the inclined position of the glass panes 2, the supply air openings 20 are protected from the weather.

Also in the embodiment according to FIG. 6, the area of the surface element 3 is smaller than the area of the glass pane 2. The ventilation openings 20 can be opened and closed. They are each provided in the lower area of component 1.

FIG. 7 shows the horizontal profile 14 of FIG. 6 in an enlarged sectional view. Here too, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals. The glass pane 2 is shown as an insulating glass 26, 27, 28, 29.

The sheet element 3 consists of a sheet metal cassette 30 with interruptions 31. The sheet metal cassette 30 is located on the inside of the sheet element 3. It is folded down twice. On the lower web 32 of the sheet metal cassette there are tabs 33 pointing downwards which accommodate the horizontal pivot axis 8. At the double-angled end 34 of the sheet metal cassette 30, a sealing strip 35 is attached or attached, which with their ends 36, 37 rest on the inner glass layer 27. Instead of a continuous sealing strip 35, it is also possible to provide individual, approximately hemispherical sealing elements 35 which are approximately cup-shaped in the direction of the glass pane 2. The sealing strips or sealing elements 35 can simultaneously serve as a stop. Corresponding sealing strips can also be present at the upper end of the surface elements 3 (not shown in the drawing).

Inside the sheet metal cassette 30 there is an insulating plate 38 made of heat-insulating or sound-absorbing material. A high-gloss reflective metal foil 9 is applied to the outside of this insulation board 38.

In the substantially rectangular horizontal profile 14 there are ventilation openings 20 which can be closed by ventilation flaps 39. The ventilation flaps 39 can be pivoted by an axis 40 lying on the inside of the ventilation opening 20. The pivot axis 40, like the ventilation flap 39, is located on the upper side of the horizontal profile 14. In the closed position shown in FIG. 7, the ends of the ventilation flap 39 in paragraphs 41, 42 lie at the upper end of the ventilation opening 20. On the pivot axis 40 opposite side of the ventilation opening is a closure strip 43 with a resilient extension 44, by means of which the ventilation flap 39 is reliably held in the closed position. With a corresponding effort, however, the closing force exerted by the resilient element 44 can be overcome and the ventilation flap 39 can be pivoted about the axis of rotation 40 into the open position. On the outside 5, the opening 20 has roundings 45 to improve the air flow.

The lower end 22 of the glass pane 2 lies in the groove 18, which is formed by a sheet metal 23 struck on the outer lower end of the horizontal profile 14. This stop plate 23 initially runs upwards in an arc and is used to form the groove 18 then folded twice. The glass pane 2 is sealed to the sheet at points 46, 47.

The upper end 12 of the next lower glass pane 2 'lies in the groove 19 which is worked into the lower, inner end of the horizontal profile.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment modified from FIG. 7, in which the surface element 3 consists of wood. The horizontal pivot axis 8 is provided in the lower region of the surface element 3. A high-gloss metal foil is located on the outside of the surface element 3. The ventilation opening 20 can be closed by a slide 39 'which can be displaced in opposite, angled profiles 48 in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.

FIG. 9 shows an installation example of a factory facade in a vertical section, in which a human person is drawn in for size comparison. Individual components are not provided; the outer wall of the building is rather realized directly by the features according to the invention.

Figures 10 and 11 show an embodiment of a building roof according to the second solution according to the invention, each in a vertical section. The building roof shown in FIG. 10 is composed of adjoining components 51. Each component 51 consists of a glass pane 52 and a surface element 53 which is arranged on the inside 54 of the component 51. The surface element 53 is impermeable to light from the outside or at least only slightly permeable in the manner already described above. It can be brought into a first position (left surface element 53 in FIG. 11a, right surface element in FIG. 11b, both surface elements in FIGS. 11c and 11d), in which it completely or at least approximately completely covers the glass pane, and in a second position (FIG. 10, right surface element in FIG. 11a, left surface element in Fig. 11b), in which it does not cover the glass sheet 52.

The glass panes 51 run inclined, the angle of inclination being approximately 45 °. Two adjacent glass panes are inclined towards each other in a roof shape. Between the two glass panes assigned to each other, two surface elements 53 are arranged, each of which can be pivoted about a horizontal axis 58. The pivot axes 58 are each located at the upper end of the surface element 53 and thus also in the region of the upper end of the glass pane 52. Furthermore, the pivot axes 58 are spaced apart from the glass panes 52. The pivot axes 58 are located in the region of the gable 61 formed by the two glass panes 52. An air duct 68 is arranged between the surface elements 53 (“pivotable wings”) in the vicinity of the pivot axes 58.

At the lower ends of the glass panes 52, lighting devices 62 are provided which (see in particular FIG. 11d) shine towards the opposite glass pane 52.

The outside and inside of the surface elements 53 are mirrored by a high-gloss metal coating.

As can be seen from FIG. 10, each glass pane 52 can be opened in the region of its upper end. This is done by flaps 63 which are pivotable about horizontal axes 64 provided at the upper end of the glass panes 52. In the open position (FIG. 10 on the far left), air 65 can flow through the upper region of the glass panes 52.

The folded glass roof system shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is extremely flexible. This flexibility is achieved by the surface elements ("pivotable wings") 53 and the flaps ("ventilation wings") 63.

The flaps are in the position shown on the far left in FIG. 10 63 opened and the surface elements 53 pivoted away from the glass panes 52. This arrangement is particularly favorable on summer nights; it enables natural ventilation and cooling of the building.

11a shows a surface element 53, namely the surface element 53 shown on the left, facing away from the south, in the position covering the associated glass pane 52, while the other surface element, shown on the right in the drawing, faces away from the associated ( in the drawing right) glass plate 52 is pivoted away. This position is particularly advantageous on winter days. The light 66 shining in from the south can reach the interior of the building in order to achieve radiation gains.

11b shows the complementary position. The left, south facing surface element 53 is pivoted away, while the right, south facing surface element 53 covers the associated glass pane 52. This position is particularly suitable for summer days. The direct daylight 66 coming from the south (on the right in the figure) is shadowed and additionally deflected by the reflecting, outer, convexly curved surface of the right surface element 53. The right-hand surface element 53 thus functions as glare protection with radiation reflection to the south. On the side facing away from the south (left in the figure), glare-free zenith light for room lighting can enter.

11c, both surface elements 53 are in their position covering the associated glass panes 52. This arrangement is particularly suitable for winter nights. Heat radiation 67 coming from inside the building is prevented by the surface elements 53 from leaving the inside of the building. This is temporary heat protection. Transmission losses are reduced. "Cold" radiation is reflected.

11d shows how the concave inside of the surface element 53 acts as a large reflector for the lighting device 62. The light coming from the illuminating device 62 is directed from the concave inside of the surface element provided with a reflecting surface to the interior of the building. The lighting device belonging to the right surface element 53 is located in the area of the lower left end of the left glass pane 52 or the left surface element 53. On the opposite side, a further lighting device 62 'is provided for the left surface element 53.

11 shows different possibilities for positioning a pair of surface elements (pair of wings) 53, these surface elements being able to perform different functions. On the one hand, they can "dodge" (right surface element in Fig. 11a, left surface element in Fig. 11b) if the incidence of direct solar radiation in the heating period from the south side of a building is desired (Fig. 11a) or if glare-free zenith light in the room (inside the building) is to enter (Fig. 11b). On the other hand, they prevent the passage of radiation by reflecting radiation from outside (e.g. in summer) (right surface element in Fig. 11b, both surface elements in Fig. 11c) or heat radiation in winter also reflecting inside the building (Fig. 11c). In the vertical position (FIG. 10), the two surface elements scatter daylight entering the interior via their convex curvature on the outside. Additional functions can be in the area of room acoustic manipulation.

The pivoting surface elements create "kinetic manipulators".

Claims (28)

Component for building walls, in particular building outer walls, with

a sheet of glass (2)

and a surface element (3) which is arranged on the inside (4) of the component (1) and which is not or only slightly permeable to light (6) from the outside (5) and which has a glass pane (2) facing downwards forms a closed and open space (7). Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface element (3) can be brought out of position. Component according to claim 2, characterized in that the surface element (3) is pivotable about an axis (8). Component according to claim 3, characterized in that the pivot axis (8) for the surface element (3) runs horizontally. Component according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the pivot axis (8) for the surface element (3) is located at the lower end of the surface element (3) and is preferably spaced from the glass pane (2). Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the outside (9) of the surface element (3) is mirrored. Component according to Claim 6, characterized in that the surface element (3) has a preferably high-gloss metal coating on its outside (9). Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the area of the surface element (3) is smaller than the area of the glass pane (2). Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glass pane (2) is inclined outwards relative to the vertical in the downward direction. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by one or more ventilation openings (20). Component according to claim 10, characterized in that the ventilation openings (20) can be opened and closed. Component according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the ventilation openings (20) are provided in the lower region of the component (1). Component according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the ventilation openings (20) are provided in the plane of the glass pane (2). Component according to one of Claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the ventilation openings (20) are provided in a component (14) connecting the lower part of the glass pane (2) to the surface element (3) and / or the next lower glass pane (2 ') are. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface element consists of a lower part and an upper part. Building wall, in particular building outer wall, consisting of components (1) according to one of the preceding claims. Building wall, in particular building outer wall, characterized by the features of one or more of the preceding claims. Component for building walls, in particular building outer walls, and / or building roofs, with

a glass pane (52)

and a surface element (53) which is arranged on the inside (54) of the component (51), which is not or only slightly permeable to light (56) from the outside (55) and which can be brought into a first position in which it completely or almost completely covers the glass pane (52) and in a second position in which it does not cover the glass pane (52). Component according to claim 18, characterized in that the glass pane (52) extends at an incline. Component according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the surface element (53) can be pivoted about a preferably horizontal axis (58). Component according to claim 20, characterized in that the pivot axis (58) for the surface element (53) is located at the upper end of the surface element (53) and is preferably spaced from the glass pane (52). Component according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the outside and / or the inside of the surface element (53) is mirrored, for example by a preferably high-gloss metal coating. Component according to one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that the glass pane (52) or a part thereof can be opened. Component according to one of Claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the glass panes (52) of two adjoining components are inclined to one another in a roof shape. Component according to Claim 24, characterized in that between the two glass panes (52) two surface elements (53) are arranged, each around a horizontal axis (58) arranged in the region of the gable (61) formed by the two glass panes (52) are pivotable. Component according to one of claims 18 to 25, characterized in that the surface element (53) is concavely curved on its inside. Building wall, in particular building outer wall and / or building roof, consisting of components (51) according to one of Claims 18 to 26. Building wall, in particular building outer wall and / or building roof, characterized by the features of one or more of claims 18 to 26.

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