Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3711—Polyacetal carboxylates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0026—Structured liquid compositions, e.g. liquid crystalline phases or network containing non-Newtonian phase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3707—Polyethers, e.g. polyalkyleneoxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3715—Polyesters or polycarbonates

Definitions

• the present invention relates to liquid detergent compositions, in particular to liquid detergent
• Lamellar droplets are a particular class of surfactant structures which, inter alia, are already known from a variety of references, e.g. H.A.Barnes, 'Detergents', Ch.2. in K.Walters (Ed), "Rheometry: Industrial
• Such lamellar dispersions are used to endow properties such as consumer-preferred flow behaviour and/or turbid appearance. Many are also capable of suspending
• particulate solids such as detergency builders or abrasive particles.
• particulate solids such as detergency builders or abrasive particles.
• Examples of lamellar structured liquids without suspended solids are given in US patent 4 244 840, whilst examples where solid particles are suspended are disclosed in specifications EP-A-160 342; EP-A-38 101; EP-A-104 452 and also in the aforementioned US 4 244 840.
• Others are disclosed in European Patent Specification EP-A-151 884, where the lamellar droplet are called 'spherulites'.
• lamellar droplets in a liquid detergent product may be detected by means known to those skilled in the art, for example optical techniques, various rheometrical measurements. X-ray or neutron diffraction, and electron microscopy.
• the droplets consist of an onion-like configuration of concentric bi-layers of surfactant molecules, between which is trapped water or electrolyte solution (aqueous phase). Systems in which such droplets are close-packed provide a very desirable combination of physical
• hydrophilic group and z is an integer which is
• the present invention relates to a liquid detergent composition
• a liquid detergent composition comprising a dispersion of
• composition minus the polymer has a significantly higher viscosity and/or becomes unstable.
• the deflocculating polymer allows, if desired, the incorporation of greater amounts of surfactants and/or electrolytes than would otherwise be compatible with the need for a stable, low-viscosity product. It also allows (if desired) the incorporation of greater amounts of certain other ingredients to which, hitherto,
• the present invention allows formulation of stable, pourable products wherein the volume fraction of the lamellar phase is 0.5- 0.6 or higher, but with
• compositions of the present invention to have solid-suspending properties (i.e. capable of suspending solid particles).
• the term 'deflocculating' in respect of the polymer means that the equivalent composition, minus the polymer, has a significantly higher viscosity arid/or becomes unstable. It is not intended to embrace polymers which would increase the viscosity but not enhance the stability of the composition. It is also not intended to embrace polymers which would lower the viscosity simply by a dilution effect, i.e. only by adding to the volume of the continuous phase. Nor does it include those polymers which lower viscosity only be reducing the volume fraction (shrinking) of the lamellar droplets, as disclosed in our UK Patent Application N° 8718217
• reduction in viscosity at a polymer level of 1.0% by weight is more than 10%, more preferred 20% or more, especially preferred more than 30%.
• compositions of the present invention exhibit less phase separation on storage and have a lower viscosity than an equivalent composition without any of the deflocculating polymer.
• compositions of the present invention will yield no more than 10%, more preferred no more than 5 %, especially preferred no more than 2 % by volume phase separation as evidenced by appearance of 2 or more phases when stored at 25 °C for 21 days from the time of preparation.
• the viscosity of compositions according to the invention is preferably less than 3.5 Pas, more preferably less than 2.5 Pas and especially not greater than 1,500 mPas at a shear rate of 21 s-1.
• composition according to the invention may contain only one, or a mixture of deflocculating polymer types.
• the term 'polymer types' is used because, in practice, nearly all polymer samples will have a spectrum of structures and molecular weights and often impurities.
• any structure of deflocculation polymers described in this specification refers to polymers which are believed to be effective for deflocculation purposes as defined hereabove. In practice these effective polymers may constitute only part of the polymer sample, provided that the amount of deflocculation polymer in total is sufficient to effect the desired deflocculation effects.
• any structure described herein for an individual polymer type refers to the structure of the predominating deflocculating polymer species and the molecular weight specified is the weight average
• hydrophilic groups of the polymer are preferably composed of hydrophilic monomer units, which can be selected from a variety of units available for the preparation of polymers. Suitable hydrophilic monomer units are for instance described in our copending European patent application 89201530.6. Particularly preferred hydrophilic groups are polyethoxy groups preferably comprising from 4 to 50 ethylene oxide groups, polyglycerol, condensation polymers of
• polyglycerol and citric acid anhydride and condensation polymers of alpha-hydroxy acids or polyacetals.
• the hydrophobic groups of the polymer are preferably selected from saturated and unsaturated alkyl chains, e.g. having from 5 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 18, most preferred from 8 to 16 carbon atoms, and are optionally bonded to the adjacent hydrophilic groups via an alkoxylene or polyoxyalkylene linkage, for example a polypropoxy or butyloxy linkage having from 1 to 50 alkoxylene groups.
• Other suitable hydrophobic groups are polyoxyalkylene groups comprising from 4 to 50 propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide groups.
• hydrophilic groups may be linked to the hydrophobic groups by any possible chemical link, although the following types of linkages are preferred: -C-O-, -CO-O- or -O-. In specific the following types of polymers are
• R 1 represents a C 6-24 alkyl or alkenyl group and/or from
• R 2 represents -CO- or is absent
• R 3 represents -CO-O- or -O-
• A is -H, or -CO-CH 2 -C(OH)CO 2 A 1 -CH 2 -CO 2 A 1 ,
• a 1 is independently selected from hydrogen
• alkalimetals alkaline earth metals, ammonium and amine bases and C 1- 4 alkyl or alkenyl groups.
• S is selected from -H,-COOA 1 , -CH(COOA 1 ) 2 , -(CHOOA 1 ) 2 H x and y are from 4 to 1,000, preferably from 6 to 250.
• compositions according to the present invention have a pH of less than 12.5, more preferred less than 11.0. Most preferred from 7.0 to 10.5.
• the polymers of formula (I-IV) and their salts it is preferred to have a weight average molecular weight in the region of from 500 to 500,000, most preferably from 1,000 to 250,000, especially from 2,000 to 30,000, when measured by GPC using polyacrylate standards or by S.V. measurements.
• the molecular weights of the standards are measured by the absolute intrinsic viscosity method described by Noda, Tsoge and Nagasawa in Journal of Physical
• compositions of the present invention may be prepared in analogy of conventional polymerisation methods, eg condensation reactions.
• the deflocculating polymer will be used at from 0.01% to 5.0% by weight of the composition, most preferably from 0.1% to 2.0%.
• the term aqueous continuous phase contains dissolved electrolyte.
• electrolyte means any ionic water-soluble material. However, in lamellar dispersions, not all the electrolyte is necessarily dissolved but may be
• electrolytes suspended as particles of solid because the total electrolyte concentration of the liquid is higher than the solubility limit of the electrolyte.
• Mixtures of electrolytes also may be used, with one or more of the electrolytes being in the dissolved aqueous phase and one or more being substantially only in the suspended solid phase.
• Two or more electrolytes may also be distributed approximately proportionally, between these two phases. In part, this may depend on processing, e.g. the order of addition of components.
• the term 'salts' includes all organic and inorganic materials which may be included, other than surfactants and water, whether or not they are ionic, and this term encompasses the sub-set of the electrolytes (water- soluble materials).
• the level of electrolyte is more than 1%, more preferred more than 2%, especially preferred from 5-40% by weight of the composition.
• a very wide variation in surfactant types and levels is possible.
• the selection of surfactant types and their proportions, in order to obtain a stable liquid with the required structure will be fully within the capability of those skilled in the art.
• an important sub-class of useful compositions is those where the detergent-active material comprises blends of different surfactant types.
• Typical blends useful for fabric washing compositions include those where the primary surfactant(s) comprise nonionic and/or a non-alkoxylated anionic and/or an alkoxylated anionic surfactant.
• the total detergent- active material may be present at from 2% to 60% by weight of the total composition, for example from 5% to 40% and typically from 10% to 30% by weight.
• one preferred class of compositions comprises at least 20%, most preferably at least 25%, and especially at least 30% of detergent-active material based on the weight of the total composition.
• the detergent-active material in general, may comprise one or more surfactants, and may be selected from anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric species, and (provided mutually compatible) mixtures thereof.
• surfactants may be selected from any of the classes, sub-classes and specific materials described in 'Surface Active Agents' Vol.I, by Schwartz & Perry, Interscience 1949 and
• Suitable nonionic surfactants include, in particular, the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example
• nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C 6 -C 18 ) primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine.
• nonionic detergent compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long-chain tertiary
• Suitable anionic surfactants are usually water- soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals.
• compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating higher (C 8 -C 18 ) alcohols produced, for example, from tallow or coconut oil, sodium and potassium alkyl (C 9 -C 20 ) benzene
• sulphonates particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C 10 -C 15 ) benzene sulphonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and
• sulphonates sodium and potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher (C 3 -C 18 ) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, reaction products; the reaction products of fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and
• alkane monosulphonates such as those derived by reacting alpha-olefins (C 3 - 20 ) with sodium bisulphite and those derived from reacting paraffins with SO 2 and Cl 2 and then hydrolyzing with a base to produce a random
• olefin sulphonates which term is used to describe the material made by reacting olefins, particularly C 10 -C 20 alpha-olefins, with SO 3 and then neutralizing and hydrolyzing the reaction product.
• the preferred anionic detergent compounds are sodium
• Suitable surfactants also include stabilising
• surfactants preferably having a salting out resistance - as defined in our copending European patent application EP 328 177- of more than 6.4.
• Some preferred classes of stabilising surfactants are : alkyl amine oxides; alkyl polyalkoxylated carboxylates; alkyl polyalkoxylated phosphates; alkyl polyalkoxylated sulphosuccinates;
• polysaccharides sometimes called alkyl polyglucosides or polyglycosides
• selected as those which have a salting out resistance of at least 6.4 are examples of polysaccharides.
• alkali metal soap of a mono- or di- carboxylic acid especially a soap of an acid having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, and fatty acids derived from castor oil, rapeseed oil, groundnut oil, coconut oil,
• compositions of the invention may have detergency builder properties.
• compositions according to the present invention include detergency builder material, some or all of which may be electrolyte.
• the builder material is any capable of reducing the level of free calcium ions in the wash liquor and will preferably provide the composition with other beneficial properties such as the generation of an alkaline pH, the suspension of soil removed from the fabric and the dispersion of the fabric softening clay material.
• detergency builders when present, include the
• water-soluble salts especially alkali metal
• pyrophosphates pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates.
• specific examples of inorganic phosphate builders include sodium and potassium tripolyphosphates, phosphates and hexametaphosphates. Phosphonate
• sequestrant builders may also be used.
• detergen ⁇ y builders when present, include water-soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates and crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates. Specific examples include sodium carbonate (with or without calcite seeds), potassium carbonate, sodium and
• potassium bicarbonates silicates and zeolites.
• electrolytes which promote the solubility of other electrolytes, for example use of potassium salts to promote the solubility of sodium salts. Thereby, the amount of dissolved electrolyte can be increased
• organic detergency builders when present, include the alkaline metal; ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates, polyacetyl carboxylates and polyhydroxysulphonates.
• succinate tartrate di succinate, CMOS, nitrilitriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, melitic acid, benzene
• compositions of the present invention particularly advantageous the use of polymers as described in EP 301 883.
• compositions of the present invention are substantially free from hydrotropes.
• hydrotrope any water soluble agent which tends to enhance the solubility of surfactants in aqueous solution.
• lather boosters such as alkanolamides
• monoethanolamides derived from palm kernel fatty acids and coconut fatty acids fabric softeners such as clays, amines and amine oxides, lather depressants, oxygen-releasing bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, peracid bleach precursors, chlorine-releasing bleaching agents such as trichloroisocyanuric acid, inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate, and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes, enzymes such as proteases, amylases and lipases (including Lipolase (Trade Mark) ex Novo), germicides and colourants.
• fabric softeners such as clays, amines and amine oxides
• lather depressants oxygen-releasing bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, peracid bleach precursors, chlorine-releasing bleaching agents such as trichloroisocyanuric acid, inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate, and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes, enzymes
• compositions of the invention may be prepared in analogy to conventional methods for the preparation of liquid detergent compositions.
• a preferred method of preparing compositions of the present invention involves the addition of the water-soluble electrolyte -if any- to water, followed by the addition of any water-insoluble material such as aluminosilicates, followed by the polymer ingredients and finally the surfactant
• compositions of the present invention involve the addition of the surfactant ingredients to water at ambient temperature, followed by the addition of the polymer ingredients, and the cooling of the mixture to below 30 °C, whereafter the remaining ingredients are added. Finally, if necessary, the pH of the composition may be adjusted, e.g. by the addition of small statins, e.g., sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite
• composition of basic formulation i.e without
• Reference unstable 1380 6 II 1 25 2.0 stable 520 1) polymers of formula II as described above, wherein R 1 is -C 11 H 23 , R 2 is -CO- ,R 3 is -O-, A is -H and the polyglycerol is branched.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=10665458

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (9)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 1989
  • 1989-10-31 GB GB898924479A patent/GB8924479D0/en active Pending
• 1990
  • 1990-10-05 CA CA002069928A patent/CA2069928A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-10-05 WO PCT/EP1990/001679 patent/WO1991006622A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1990-10-05 ES ES90914713T patent/ES2055447T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-10-05 DE DE69010215T patent/DE69010215T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-10-05 EP EP90914713A patent/EP0498806B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1992
  • 1992-04-29 NO NO921685A patent/NO180203C/no not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events