EP0497770A1 - Ceiling tile composite - Google Patents

Ceiling tile composite

Info

Publication number
EP0497770A1
EP0497770A1 EP90910999A EP90910999A EP0497770A1 EP 0497770 A1 EP0497770 A1 EP 0497770A1 EP 90910999 A EP90910999 A EP 90910999A EP 90910999 A EP90910999 A EP 90910999A EP 0497770 A1 EP0497770 A1 EP 0497770A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceiling tile
mirror
shock
accordance
tile composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90910999A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0497770A4 (en
Inventor
Edward W. Watras
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0497770A4 publication Critical patent/EP0497770A4/en
Publication of EP0497770A1 publication Critical patent/EP0497770A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/04—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like
    • E04B9/045—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like being laminated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/145—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of glass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
    • Y10T428/31515—As intermediate layer
    • Y10T428/31518—Next to glass or quartz
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31634—Next to cellulosic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31641—Next to natural rubber, gum, oil, rosin, wax, bituminous or tarry residue
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31844—Of natural gum, rosin, natural oil or lac
    • Y10T428/31848—Next to cellulosic

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

Un élément a une structure qui lui permet de servir de support ignifuge à un organe décoratif en verre relativement fragile et lourd. On peut ainsi utiliser ledit élément comme élément porteur (10) composé d'un panneau (12) en fibres minérales feutrées à l'eau, d'un miroir en verre (14) et d'un adhésif (16) étanche à l'eau à base de latex, de caoutchouc ou de résine époxyde, mutuellement collés. L'ensemble est soutenu par ses bords sur un treillis suspendu (22).An element has a structure which allows it to serve as a fire-retardant support for a relatively fragile and heavy decorative glass organ. Said element can thus be used as a carrying element (10) composed of a panel (12) of mineral fibers felt in water, a glass mirror (14) and an adhesive (16) waterproof. water based on latex, rubber or epoxy resin, mutually bonded. The assembly is supported by its edges on a suspended trellis (22).

Description

Description
CEILING TILE COMPOSITE
Technical Field
This invention relates to a decorative wall or ceiling panel having a glass mirror face.
Cited Prior Art
The following prior patents have been cited during prosecution of the U.S. priority application:
Country Patent No. Name Date
U.S. 4,726,860 Leach 23 February 1988
U.S. 4,756,955 Rias 12 July 1988
Reference to Related Documents
Reference is made to U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 07/376,889, filed 6 July 1989, as to which priority is claimed, and Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 614,372, filed 28 September 1989, as to which priority is claimed.
Reference is also made to Disclosure Document No. 197,611, filed 26 July 1988 in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, in connection with the present invention.
Summary of the Invention
Mirrored ceiling and wall surfaces may be decoratively appealing, but heretofore they have presented structural and construction problems. If the mirror is to be glass, as is generally preferred, weight is a significant disadvantage, particularly in ceilings where it is difficult to handle large glass panels during installation and difficult to provide adequate structural support. Smaller glass mirrors, in the form or size of tiles, reduce the weight problem of each individual piece, but at least two significant problems remain. First, glass mirrors are not good acoustical ab¬ sorbers, and therefore yield higher than necessary sound levels where used. Second, glass mirrors generally crack under heat and heretofore have been quite unacceptable where fire-resistant construction is desirable. Another important point that should be made is personal safety. Glass mirror by itself installed into direct hung gridwork presents a possible safety hazard if impacted by anything (e.g. - tip of a mop handle, etc.). Please note as per glass industry standards, shatter-resistant is the term used when a self-adhesive vinyl (contact paper) is adhered to the back side of a mirror. In a standard vertical installa¬ tion this is acceptable, if the mirror is inadvertently broken, the contact paper holds the broken pieces in align¬ ment with the unbroken area. The gravitational forces are working with the contact paper (parallel to the thickness) to keep the unit intact. But, in a horizontal or ceiling appli¬ cation, this will not work. If a mirror is broken in a horizontal installation, the gravitational attraction is perpendicular to the thickness. It is working to pull the mirror apart. There is no way that the contact paper itself can hold the horizontal mirror together. It becomes a per¬ sonal safety hazard. Image-Safe™ panels, as shown in the pictures, does hold the horizontal installation together, even after being struck four times with a hammer.
Substitution of mirrors made of non-glass substances has been tried. Reflective acrylic plastic and mylar-faced mirror tiles are known, and they help reduce weight and breakage problems, but they have distortion and rapidly discolor from aging. They are softer than glass and also get scratches on the surface when they are cleaned (glass does not scratch easily when cleaned) . Also, cleaning acrylic and ylar panels creates a static charge that aids attraction of dust and dirt particles (glass mirror when cleaned does not build a static charge) . Acrylic and mylar are far inferior to glass as mirrors.
The present invention accordingly provides a mirror construction which combines the advantages of a glass mirror (distortionless reflected images, high resistance to discol¬ oration due to aging or exposure to light or atmospheric attack) with none of the safety disadvantages of a horizontal installation of glass and with high degrees of fire-resist¬ ance and acoustical absorption, in tile-sized panels for ease of shipping, handling and installation. Even if constructed in accordance with the invention panels are impacted and cracked, they stay intact. A panel which was deliberately impacted with a hammer in four places, remained intact and personally safe.
It has been found that the construction of the ceiling tile of the present invention is uniquely applicable for outdoor use, such as for the ceiling of an outdoor portico. One reason for this is that with a weatherproof sealant around the edges of each mirrored panel, to reduce or elimi¬ nate weather-induced deterioration of the silvered back of the mirror, the ceiling tile composite is highly resistant to environmental attack and damage. Another reason the present ceiling tile is remarkably adapted for outdoor use is that its weight, approximately 2.5 pounds per square foot, is above the traditionally accepted minimum weight of 2 pounds per square foot for an unrestrained exterior lay-in panel. For both reasons stated, comparison may be had with a prior art ceiling panel constructed of plated steel, which is subject to rusting or pitting in exterior use, and which is stamped from 0.10" steel, making it too light in weight to resist wind uplift. The prior art panel is Classique, manu¬ factured by Chicago Metallic Corp. An acceptable waterproof sealant for use around the edges of the present ceiling tile composite is Sprayway® No. 209 mirror edge sealant, a spray- on material, Sprayway, Inc., Addison, Illinois, U.S.A. An acceptable adhesive for the ceiling tile composite for out¬ door use is Henry® #430 referred to herein.
In summary, the present invention combines into a bonded structure a water-felted mineral fiberboard, a glass mirror and a latex- or rubber-base or epoxy adhesive, with a hung gridwork provided for support along the edges of each struc¬ tural element.
The present invention is commercially sold under the name Image-Safe™, Island Reflections™, trademark of Inter- County Building Materials Corp. of Deer Park, Long Island, New York, U.S.A.
Description of the Drawing
In the drawing,
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the ceiling tile structural element of the present invention.
Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmentary edge-view of the structural element of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a exploded view of the structural element of the present invention.
Figure 4 is an edge-view, partly in cross-section, of the structural element and the hung gridwork support of the present invention.
Description of a Preferred Embodiment
With reference to the drawing, the ceiling tile composite 10 of the present invention is a structural element compris¬ ing a bonded combination of a shock and heat retardant means 12, preferably mineral fiberboard, reflective means 14, preferably a glass mirror and bonding means 16, preferably an adhesive, therebetween.
Mineral fiberboard 12 is preferably a water felted miner¬ al composition acoustical ceiling panel having specific characteristics of at least one substantially planar but fissured surface 18, a minimum density of approximately one pound per square foot of area covered in order to comply with Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (U.L. Labs) classified acous¬ tical material time design fire tests, and compliance with other fire ratings. The fissures on or in said surface 18 are preferably uniform and non-directional.
Acceptable commercially-available mineral fiberboard for use with the present invention are USG Auratone® Firecode® panels in Omni-Fissured pattern (USG is United States Gypsum Company, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.), Armstrong Minaboard® FireGuard panels, Cortega pattern (Armstrong World Indus¬ tries, Inc., Lancaster, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) and Celotex® Hytone™ Protectone® panels, Mosaic or ND Fissuretone pat¬ terns (Celotex Building Products Division, The Celotex Corpo¬ ration, Tampa, Florida, U.S.A.). Mirror 14 is preferably a double-thick decorative glass having a nominal thickness of 1/8 inch. Other thicknesses, or color-tinted glass, may be used depending on availability and application. Glass itself is non-combustible.
Adhesive 16 is preferably a rubber- or latex-base epoxy waterproof composition which is non-flammable when fully cured and which is adapted for mirror use so as to be non- degradable with respect to the silvered or reflective side of the mirror. Suitable commercially available rubber base adhesives are Sta-Stuck™ Mirror Bond, Specialty Chemicals Company, Division of Continental Chemical and Coatings Corpo¬ ration, Woburn, Massachusetts, U.S.A., and Ultra/Bond™ Mirror Mastic, C. Gunther Company, Cary, Illinois, U.S.A. Suitable latex base adhesives are Henry® #430 non-flammable clear Thin-Spread adhesive, The W.W.Henry Company, Huntington Park, California, U.S.A., and Miracle® clear set #420 floor tile adhesive, Miracle Adhesives Corporation, Bellmore, Long Island, New York, U.S.A. A suitable epoxy-adhesive is Poly- Corn Bond 2, a two-component epoxy structural adhesive avail¬ able in liquid form (advantageous for high volume production) and in gel form (for trowel-spread low volume use) from Polymer Compounds, Hauppauge, Long Island, New York, U.S.A.
Rubber base adhesives are gun (cartridge) grade, and are suitable for low volume production. The application of this type of adhesive must follow a prescribed repeat pattern with a specific amount per course. Latex base adhesives are brush or roller grade, and are suitable for high volume production. Using a textured paint roller makes the application of the adhesive extremely easy, and the quantity of adhesive is not as critical.
Adhesive 16, when appropriately applied to bond mirror 14 to mineral fiberboard substrate 12, enters the fissures of fissured surface 18 during application, curing or both. The strength of the resulting bond is thereby enhanced by reason of the increased surface area of substrate 12 to which adhe¬ sive 16 attaches. Moreover, substantially to the extent that adhesive 16 fills in what would otherwise be a void formed by a fissure against mirror 14, there is also greater bonded surface area on the bonded side.20 of mirror 14.
The combination as aforesaid has advantages which the individual parts of the combination do not have separately. Mirror 12 is rendered more shatter-resistant, whether the shattering is a result of heat shock from fire or mechanical shock from an object striking its surface. It is believed that the reason mirror 12 becomes more heat and shock resist¬ ant is that both heat and shock are absorbed, or distributed over a wider area, by mineral fiberboard substrate 12. If mirror 12 does crack through, the pieces will tend to be held in place by adhesive 16, rather than fall on unsuspecting persons below. Moreover, if cracking is due to heat of fire, cracking of mirror 12 does not open up holes in.the ceiling or wall formed by structural element 10 to allow fire and smoke to,reach thereabove or spread therebeyond.
When installed as a suspended ceiling, structural element 10 is intended to be supported by a suspension system having direct hung gridwork 22 of inverted T exposed double web design having, as a minimum, ASTM classification for interme¬ diate duty. Mirror 12 rests on gridwork 22 so that structur¬ al element 10 is in compression rather than in tension, aiding the permanence of the bond of adhesive 16.
Structural element 10 of the present invention provides long-lasting scratch-resistant decorative beauty of glass- mirrored ceilings and walls with structural and fire-retard- ant properties.
In typical dimension, 3/4-inch thick and nominal 2 feet by 2 feet or 2 feet by 4 feet panels (actual 23-3/4 inches X 23-3/4 inches and 23-3/4 inches X 47-3/4 inches, respective¬ ly) , structural element 10 constructed and suspended as aforesaid is intended to comply with current Underwriters Laboratories Inc. classified acoustical material time design fire tests. The flame spread rating of the substrate mineral fiberboard is 25. The composite Image-Safe™ panels were subjected to .the same flame spread test by Underwriters Laboratories Inc., in Northbrook, Illinois, U.S.A., by their fire protection department in a "preliminary investigation" for classification. The flame spread for the composite Image-Safe™ panels was 21.1 for a standard glass mirrored panel (a better than 15% reduction in flame spread) and a flame spread of 0.0 for a tempered mirror panel which appli¬ cant considers is a phenomenal rating (U.L. File #R3623, Project #89NH26, Tests #1 and #2 conducted on 2 February 1989) . Heretofore only two types of lay in ceiling panels have ever attained a flame spread rating of 0.0, asbestos- cement panels (which are no longer available) , and ceramic- faced panels (which are high humidity panels) .
While the foregoing is illustrative of a preferred embod¬ iment, other embodiments may be had within the teachings hereof.

Claims

ClaimsWhat is claimed is:
1. A ceiling tile composite, comprising
a. reflective means, said reflective means com¬ prising a glass mirror,
b. shock and heat retardant means, and
c. bonding means, said bonding means bonding said reflective means to said shock and heat retardant means.
2. A ceiling tile composite in accordance with claim 1, wherein said shock and heat retardant means comprises mineral fiberboard.
3. A ceiling tile composite in accordance with claim 1, wherein said shock and heat retardant means comprises mineral fiberboard having at least one substantially planar fissured surface.
4. A ceiling tile composite in accordance with claim 2, wherein said shock and heat retardant means comprises mineral fiberboard having at least one substantially planar fissured surface.
5. A ceiling tile composite in accordance with claim 2, wherein said shock and heat retardant means comprises mineral fiberboard having at least one substantially planar fissured surface and wherein said bonding means at least partially enters the fissures of said substantially planar fissured surface.
6. A ceiling composite in accordance with claim 1, wherein said bonding means is selected from the class con¬ sisting of a latex-base adhesive, a rubber-base adhesive and an epoxy adhesive.
7. A ceiling tile composite in accordance with claim 6, additionally comprising edge sealant means, said edge sealant means sealing the edges of said reflective means.
EP90910999A 1989-07-06 1990-07-02 Ceiling tile composite Withdrawn EP0497770A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/376,889 US4990407A (en) 1989-07-06 1989-07-06 Ceiling tile composite
US376889 1989-07-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0497770A4 EP0497770A4 (en) 1992-05-08
EP0497770A1 true EP0497770A1 (en) 1992-08-12

Family

ID=23486915

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90910999A Withdrawn EP0497770A1 (en) 1989-07-06 1990-07-02 Ceiling tile composite

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4990407A (en)
EP (1) EP0497770A1 (en)
CA (1) CA1310458C (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5277952A (en) * 1992-07-29 1994-01-11 Watras Edward W Decorative cracked glass mirror tile and method
US5447760A (en) * 1994-04-04 1995-09-05 Watras; Edward W. Simulated cracked glass mirror tile and method
US20060115651A1 (en) * 2004-11-30 2006-06-01 Guardian Industries Corp. Painted glass tiles, panels and the like and method for producing painted glass tiles and panels
US20080148665A1 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 Yonash Richard F Ceiling tiles made of rigid pvc
US8167085B2 (en) * 2009-08-07 2012-05-01 Smc Australia Pty Ltd Non-combustible sound-absorbing facing
US20130276385A1 (en) * 2011-07-13 2013-10-24 Arthur Paul White Insulating system
USD674123S1 (en) 2011-10-25 2013-01-08 Empire West, Inc. Ceiling tile

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2149344A (en) * 1983-11-03 1985-06-12 Roger John Leach Bonding method
US4692372A (en) * 1986-06-25 1987-09-08 Bunker Plastics, Inc. Ceiling and wall tile

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2548590B1 (en) * 1983-07-05 1986-02-07 Saint Gobain Isover HIGH DENSITY COMPOSITE BASED ON DISCONTINUOUS MINERAL FIBERS
NZ211308A (en) * 1984-03-12 1987-05-29 Chelsea Artisans Ltd Production of mirrors with laminated backing including intermediate porous supporting layer

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2149344A (en) * 1983-11-03 1985-06-12 Roger John Leach Bonding method
US4692372A (en) * 1986-06-25 1987-09-08 Bunker Plastics, Inc. Ceiling and wall tile

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO9100802A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1310458C (en) 1992-11-24
EP0497770A4 (en) 1992-05-08
US4990407A (en) 1991-02-05

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