EP0492299B1 - Mine having a device for the laying of sensor line - Google Patents

Mine having a device for the laying of sensor line Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0492299B1
EP0492299B1 EP91121308A EP91121308A EP0492299B1 EP 0492299 B1 EP0492299 B1 EP 0492299B1 EP 91121308 A EP91121308 A EP 91121308A EP 91121308 A EP91121308 A EP 91121308A EP 0492299 B1 EP0492299 B1 EP 0492299B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mine
housing
laying
take
sensor lead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP91121308A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0492299A3 (en
EP0492299A2 (en
Inventor
Johannes De La Haye
Franz Strack
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Dynamit Nobel GmbH Explosivstoff und Systemtechnik
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Dynamit Nobel AG
Dynamit Nobel GmbH Explosivstoff und Systemtechnik
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Publication of EP0492299A2 publication Critical patent/EP0492299A2/en
Publication of EP0492299A3 publication Critical patent/EP0492299A3/en
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Publication of EP0492299B1 publication Critical patent/EP0492299B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B23/00—Land mines ; Land torpedoes
    • F42B23/24—Details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such mines are known for example as throwing mines from DE 37 13 424 C1. They are ejected from missiles above the target area and are erected into a more or less vertical position with the help of erection elements that only function when the mine has come to rest on the ground.
  • sensor line is understood to mean an active or passive element.
  • Active elements such as fiber optic cables or piezo cables generate a signal to trigger the mine when a vehicle rolls over it.
  • Passive sensor cables or sensor wires transmit tension to a switch attached to the lead when they come into contact with the vehicle.
  • Sensor cables are particularly needed for the so-called surface defense mines, which, in contrast to the classic mines, are in a favorable position to fight the object before being triggered, as a rule they actively approach the object and preferably fight it from above.
  • the ejection device or distribution device is integrated into the housing of the mine.
  • a relatively large amount of space is required since they are at an angle of must be inclined at approximately 45 ° to the mine axis in order to eject the sensor line at this angle and thus achieve the greatest range.
  • the deeper the ejection device is arranged within the mine housing the greater the energy for the ejection has to be so that the sensor line can also be safely ejected and distributed through vegetation on the site.
  • the energy stored in a spring according to DE-C-37 13 424 is often not sufficient for this.
  • a mine is also known from EP-A-0 389 852, in which the laying device for the at least one sensor line is arranged on the legs of the mine or within its housing. In both cases, the space required for this is undesirably large.
  • the invention has for its object to increase the reliability of the distribution of the at least one sensor line in a mine according to the preamble of claim 1, to keep the space required for the laying device as small as possible in order to be able to use the predetermined space of the mine housing for other purposes, and to avoid sealing problems on the lead casing.
  • the measure according to the invention to arrange the at least one laying device in its starting position against the top of the mine housing, advantageously makes it possible to keep the space required for the entire active body as small as possible during storage and transport, for example in a missile.
  • the distribution device is only transferred to its operative position later, at the latest after the mine has assumed its predetermined position in the terrain, and is fixed in this, for example, by a lock.
  • This change from the starting position into the operative position of the laying device can be tracked, for example, with the aid of prestressed spring elements or pyrotechnic force elements, which are activated by known evaluation and switching devices in the mine.
  • the axis of the laying device and the mine housing are then at least substantially perpendicular to one another in the starting position in the densest arrangement.
  • the laying device is at least approximately rotationally symmetrical, its axial extent being greater than its radial.
  • the maximum axial extent of the laying device is not greater than the diameter of the lead housing.
  • laying devices are pivotally articulated on a fastening device which is arranged centrally on the top of the mine housing.
  • the at least one sensor line in the field provision can be made to move the laying device away from the mine at approximately 45 ° upwards with the aid of a compressed gas-generating charge.
  • the configuration according to claim 3 is preferred instead.
  • a particularly uniform and gentle laying of the sensor line is also achieved over greater distances by the sensor line being pulled orderly from its coil winding under the action of the traction force of the rocket engine .
  • the free end of the sensor line is firmly connected to the evaluation device assigned to it in the mine housing. Both the pyrotechnic compressed gas device and the rocket motor are triggered by corresponding signals from the evaluation and switching device inside the mine after it has reached its predetermined position on the ground has taken.
  • the top of the traction engine when arranging several laying devices on the top of the mine housing, it is further advantageous to form the top of the traction engine so that the entirety of all laying devices in their operative position form a curved surface similar to the known covered covers of shaped charge mines. This reliably avoids that when the mine is preferably laid out of the air, it comes to rest on its head, ie the top of the housing, after it hits the ground. Instead, the mine then deliberately assumes a lateral position and is erected into its defined position to combat objects with the help of known erection elements, such as are described, for example, in DE-C-18 00 121.
  • the mine with the at least one laying device according to the invention preferably has an annular gimbal for the mine housing, to which the erecting elements are articulated. This ensures that the lead is oriented vertically with its longitudinal axis even on uneven ground, so that the preferred laying of the sensor line is ensured at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the vertical is.
  • the laying device is preferably already in its operative position when the mine strikes the ground. If an aerodynamic braking device, in particular a parachute, is provided to prevent the mine from landing too hard from the air, it is separated from the mine in a known manner during or after the ground impact, so that the sensor line is laid by the braking device is not affected.
  • the mine shown in the figures is designed for the automatic control of objects located on the ground from the air. For this purpose, it is aligned in the terrain with the aid of erection elements and preferably a gimbal so that it faces upwards and the longitudinal axis of the mine is aligned vertically. As soon as signals are received in this waiting position via the at least one sensor line, which can originate from the objects to be combated, the vertically aligned mine is brought to a height of a few 100 meters with the aid of a special rocket drive.
  • the mine which sinks down on a parachute, then sweeps in a spiral over the ground area when a rotary movement is carried out with the aid of a special location sensor which is inclined to the longitudinal axis and ignites the charge of the mine which is oriented in the same way when the object to be combated is detected.
  • the mine 1 shown in FIG. 1 has the housing 2 with active charge therein, the rocket engine 3 for accelerating the mine upwards and decelerating it in the summit area, the gimbal suspension 4 arranged above the center of gravity S of the mine 1, the laying device 5 with the Sensor line 6 and the receiving housing 7 together with the rocket engine 8.
  • the mine 1 is supported on the ground 10 with the erection elements 9, with its top 11 pointing upwards and its longitudinal axis 12 oriented vertically.
  • the laying device 5 is still shown in its starting position, in which it lies closely against the top 11 of the housing 2 of the mine 1. It is pivotally attached to the central fastening device 15 on the top 11.
  • the one end of the sensor line 6 ′ leads into the mine housing and is firmly connected to the corresponding evaluation and switching device.
  • This representation that is to say laying device 5 still in its starting position when the mine is already positioned on the ground floor, does not correspond to the rule in that the laying devices are preferably moved into their operative position before the mine 1 strikes the ground floor 10.
  • FIG. 1 shows the right half of FIG. 1, which shows the rear part of the laying unit 5 with the launching guide 16 arranged thereon, from which the receiving housing 7 has already detached under the pulling action of the rocket engine 8, the ones in the receiving housing 7 as a coil winding arranged sensor line 6 is unwound from this and pulled by the traction engine 8 behind it.
  • the ignition signal required for the ignition of the rocket motor 8, a small engine, from the detonator logic in the mine 1 can either be emitted directly after the mine 1 has been erected, or only when an object to be combated is detected using a special alarm sensor.
  • the laying device 5 shown in FIG. 2 for the sensor line 6 has the essentially hollow cylindrical receiving housing 7 and the rocket motor 8 designed as a small engine.
  • the launch guide 16 is sleeve-shaped here and connected in one piece to the base part 17, which serves for the pivotable fastening of the laying device 5 to the fastening device 15.
  • the receiving housing 7 has at its end facing the base part 17 a bottom 7 ', which has a circular disc-shaped recess with an inner diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the sleeve-shaped launch guide 16, so that when the rocket motor 8 is ignited, the laying unit 5 with its receiving housing 7 fits perfectly on the Launch guide 16 performed and is subtracted to the left in the drawing.
  • the coil winding 18 from the wound sensor line 6 is shown only hinted.
  • the end of the sensor line 6, which is located inside the laying device 5, is firmly connected to the latter and at its other end it is led out through the opening 19 in the bottom 7 'of the receiving housing and to the housing 2 of the mine 1.
  • the housing 20 of the rocket motor 8 is connected to the receiving housing 7 via the screw connection 21.
  • the ignition element 22, the ignition mixture 23 and the propellant charge 24, which can be triggered by the fuse logic of the mine, are arranged within the housing 20.
  • the other side of the rocket motor facing away from the receiving housing 7 is designed as a spherical shell-curved surface 26.
  • the eyelet 27, which is integrally connected to the receiving housing 7, is used to fasten a line of the parachute, as will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
  • the receptacle housing 7 is here in its rear region facing the bottom part 7 ′ in the form of a truncated cone, in order to deviate from the illustration in FIG. 1 by several, preferably five, laying devices on the upper part 11 of the mine 1 in to be able to arrange the densest "packing" in the starting position and thus to be able to accommodate an optimal number of sensor lines with corresponding distribution directions with the lowest mine height.
  • the width of the laying of the sensor lines 6 is set by the configuration of the propellant charge 24 and the type of fuel used for it.
  • the parachute 28 engages the line 29, which is passed through the eyelet 27 of the distribution unit 5, and has already set the distribution unit 5 up about 45 °, i.e. brought into their operative position.
  • the parachute 28 has already detached and removed from the mine 1 in a known manner.
  • the distribution devices 5 located in the active position form a hood-shaped rolling surface on the top of the mine 1, which prevents the mine from coming to a stand on the ground 10 with its head-side end , because then an erection with the known erection devices in the desired predetermined position, ie with the head side facing upwards, would no longer be possible.
  • the mine 1 can be seen in the desired predetermined position, ie in a vertical arrangement and with the head side facing upwards. With the help of the cardanic suspension 4, on which the erection elements 9 are articulated, the mine 1 assumes this position even when the ground 10 is uneven.
  • the laying devices are attached to the top of the mine 1, a handicap caused by vegetation in the field is the smallest when laying the sensor lines.
  • the height of the mine 1 and thus also its radar signature is reduced.
  • the starting mass for the retro-rocket engine 3 of the mine 1 is also reduced by separating the sensor lines 6 with the receiving housing 7 and the small engine 8 when starting.
  • the construction of the mine housing is simpler since there are practically no sealing problems.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Mine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a mine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Derartige Minen sind beispielsweise als Wurfminen aus der DE 37 13 424 C1 bekannt. Sie werden über dem Zielgebiet aus Flugkörpern ausgestoßen und mit Hilfe von Aufrichtelementen, die erst in Funktion treten, wenn die Mine auf dem Geländeboden zur Ruhe gekommen ist, in eine mehr oder weniger vertikale Position aufgerichtet.Such mines are known for example as throwing mines from DE 37 13 424 C1. They are ejected from missiles above the target area and are erected into a more or less vertical position with the help of erection elements that only function when the mine has come to rest on the ground.

Diese Minen in Lauerstellung sollen von dem zu bekämpfenden Objekt (meist einem Panzer) ausgelöst werden, wozu Sensoren, bevorzugt wenigstens eine im Gelände verlegte Sensorleitung, mit einer Auswerteschaltung in der Mine erforderlich sind. Unter Sensorleitung wird im folgenden ein aktives oder passives Element verstanden. Aktive Elemente wie Lichtleitkabel oder Piezokabel erzeugen ein Signal zur Auslösung der Mine, wenn sie von einem Fahrzeug überrollt werden. Passive Sensorleitungen oder Sensordrähte übertragen bei Kontakt mit dem Fahrzeug eine Zugspannung auf einen an der Mine befestigten Schalter. Sensorleitungen werden insbesondere bei den sogenannten Flächenverteidigungsminen benötigt, die im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Minen vor ihrer Auslösung eine zur Bekämpfung des Objektes günstige Position einnehmen, wobei sie sich in der Regel dem Objekt aktiv nähern und es vorzugsweise von oben her bekämpfen.These mines in wait position should be triggered by the object to be combated (usually a tank), for which sensors, preferably at least one sensor line laid in the field, with an evaluation circuit in the mine are required. In the following, sensor line is understood to mean an active or passive element. Active elements such as fiber optic cables or piezo cables generate a signal to trigger the mine when a vehicle rolls over it. Passive sensor cables or sensor wires transmit tension to a switch attached to the lead when they come into contact with the vehicle. Sensor cables are particularly needed for the so-called surface defense mines, which, in contrast to the classic mines, are in a favorable position to fight the object before being triggered, as a rule they actively approach the object and preferably fight it from above.

Das Auswerfen und Verteilen der Sensorleitungen muß automatisch und mit hoher Zuverlässigkeit erfolgen. Gemäß der DE-C-37 13 424 ist dazu die Ausstoßvorrichtung oder Verteileinrichtung in das Gehäuse der Mine integriert. Dabei wird relativ viel Platz benötigt, da sie unter einem Winkel von etwa 45° zur Minenachse geneigt angeordnet werden muß, um die Sensorleitung unter diesem Winkel ausstoßen zu können und damit die größte Reichweite zu erzielen. Je tiefer dabei die Ausstoßvorrichtung innerhalb des Minengehäuses angeordnet ist, desto größer muß die Energie für das Ausstoßen sein, damit die Sensorleitung auch noch durch Bewuchs des Geländes hindurch sicher ausgestoßen und verteilt werden kann. Die in einer Feder gemäß der DE-C-37 13 424 gespeicherte Energie reicht dazu oft nicht aus.The sensor cables must be ejected and distributed automatically and with high reliability. According to DE-C-37 13 424, the ejection device or distribution device is integrated into the housing of the mine. A relatively large amount of space is required since they are at an angle of must be inclined at approximately 45 ° to the mine axis in order to eject the sensor line at this angle and thus achieve the greatest range. The deeper the ejection device is arranged within the mine housing, the greater the energy for the ejection has to be so that the sensor line can also be safely ejected and distributed through vegetation on the site. The energy stored in a spring according to DE-C-37 13 424 is often not sufficient for this.

Aus der EP-A-0 389 852 ist weiterhin eine Mine bekannt, bei der die Verlegeeinrichtung für die wenigstens eine Sensorleitung an Standbeinen der Mine bzw. innerhalb deren Gehäuses angordnet ist. In beiden Fällen ist der dafür erforderliche Raumbedarf unerwünscht groß.A mine is also known from EP-A-0 389 852, in which the laying device for the at least one sensor line is arranged on the legs of the mine or within its housing. In both cases, the space required for this is undesirably large.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einer Mine entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 die Zuverlässigkeit der Verteilung der wenigstens einen Sensorleitung zu erhöhen, den Raumbedarf für die Verlegeeinrichtung möglichst klein zu halten, um den vorgegebenen Raum des Minengehäuses für andere Zwecke nutzen zu können, und Abdichtprobleme am Minengehäuse zu vermeiden.The invention has for its object to increase the reliability of the distribution of the at least one sensor line in a mine according to the preamble of claim 1, to keep the space required for the laying device as small as possible in order to be able to use the predetermined space of the mine housing for other purposes, and to avoid sealing problems on the lead casing.

Diese Aufgabe wird entsprechend dem Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme, die wenigstens eine mehrere Verlegeeinrichtung in ihrer Ausgangsposition an der Oberseite des Minengehäuses anliegend anzuordnen, ist es in vorteilhafter Weise möglich, den Raumbedarf für den gesamten Wirkkörper während der Lagerung und dem Transport z.B. in einem Flugkörper möglichst klein zu halten. Die Verteileinrichtung wird erst später, und zwar spätestens nachdem die Mine ihre vorgegebene Position im Gelände eingenommen hat, in ihre Wirkposition überführt und in dieser z.B. durch eine Verriegelung fixiert. Dieser Wechsel von der Ausgangs- in die Wirkposition der Verlegeeinrichtung kann z.B. mit Hilfe von vorgespannten Federelementen oder pyrotechnischen Kraftelementen verfolgen, die durch bekannte Auswerte- und Schalteinrichtungen in der Mine in Funktion gesetzt werden.This object is achieved in accordance with the characterizing part of patent claim 1. The measure according to the invention, to arrange the at least one laying device in its starting position against the top of the mine housing, advantageously makes it possible to keep the space required for the entire active body as small as possible during storage and transport, for example in a missile. The distribution device is only transferred to its operative position later, at the latest after the mine has assumed its predetermined position in the terrain, and is fixed in this, for example, by a lock. This change from the starting position into the operative position of the laying device can be tracked, for example, with the aid of prestressed spring elements or pyrotechnic force elements, which are activated by known evaluation and switching devices in the mine.

Dabei stehen dann die Achse der Verlegeeinrichtung und des Minengehäuses bei dichtester Anordnung in der Ausgangsposition zumindest im wesentlichen senkrecht aufeinander. Die Verlegeeinrichtung ist zumindest näherungsweise rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet, wobei ihre axiale Ausdehnung größer als ihre radiale ist. Die maximale axiale Ausdehnung der Verlegeeinrichtung ist nicht größer als der Durchmesser des Minengehäuses.The axis of the laying device and the mine housing are then at least substantially perpendicular to one another in the starting position in the densest arrangement. The laying device is at least approximately rotationally symmetrical, its axial extent being greater than its radial. The maximum axial extent of the laying device is not greater than the diameter of the lead housing.

Gemäß einem weiteren im Anspruch 2 angegebenen Vorschlag der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, an der Oberseite des Gehäuses der Mine mehrere, insbesondere fünf, Verlegeeinrichtungen anzuordnen. Damit ist bei - in Umfangsrichtung betrachtet - dichtester Anordnung der Verlegeeinrichtungen eine optimale Ausnutzung des für diese zur Verfügung stehenden Raumes möglich. Die Verlegeeinrichtungen sind dabei an einer Befestigungseinrichtung, die an der Oberseite des Minengehäuses zentral angeordnet ist, verschwenkbar angelenkt.According to a further proposal of the invention specified in claim 2, it is provided to arrange several, in particular five, laying devices on the top of the housing of the mine. This means that - when viewed in the circumferential direction - the densest arrangement of the laying devices, optimal use of the space available for them is possible. The laying devices are pivotally articulated on a fastening device which is arranged centrally on the top of the mine housing.

Zum Verteilen oder Auslegen der wenigstens einen Sensorleitung im Gelände kann vorgesehen werden, die Verlegeeinrichtung mit Hilfe einer druckgaserzeugenden Ladung von der Mine unter etwa 45° nach oben gerichtet wegzubefördern. Bevorzugt statt dessen ist jedoch die Ausbildung gemäß Anspruch 3. Mit Hilfe eines solchen rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildeten Zugtriebwerkes wird ein besonders gleichmäßiges und sanftes Verlegen der Sensorleitung auch über größere Entfernungen hinweg erreicht, indem die Sensorleitung unter der Wirkung der Zugkraft des Raketentriebwerkes geordnet von ihrem Spulenwickel abgezogen wird. Dabei ist das freie Ende der Sensorleitung mit der ihr zugeordneten Auswerteeinrichtung in dem Minengehäuse fest verbunden. Sowohl die pyrotechnische Druckgaseinrichtung als auch der Raketenmotor werden durch entsprechende Signale von der Auswerte- und Schalteinrichtung innerhalb der Mine ausgelöst, nachdem diese ihre vorgegebene Position auf dem Geländeboden eingenommen hat. Gemäß Anspruch 4 ist es bei der Anordnung von mehreren Verlegeeinrichtung an der Oberseite des Minengehäuses weiterhin vorteilhaft, die Oberseite des Zugtriebwerkes gewölbt auszubilden, so daß die Gesamtheit aller Verlegeeinrichtungen in ihrer Wirkposition eine gewölbte Fläche ähnlich den bekannten ausgestllten Abdeckhauben von Hohlladungsminen bilden. Damit wird zuverlässig vermieden, daß bei dem bevorzugten Verlegen der Mine aus der Luft diese nach ihrem Auftreffen auf dem Geländeboden auf ihrem Kopf, d.h. der Oberseite des Gehäuses zu stehen kommt. Statt dessen nimmt die Mine dann in gewollter Weise eine Seitenlage ein und wird mit Hilfe von bekannten Aufrichtelemeten, wie sie z.B. in der DE-C-18 00 121 beschrieben sind, in ihre definierte Position zur Bekämpfung von Objekten aufgerichtet.To distribute or lay out the at least one sensor line in the field, provision can be made to move the laying device away from the mine at approximately 45 ° upwards with the aid of a compressed gas-generating charge. However, the configuration according to claim 3 is preferred instead. With the aid of such a rotationally symmetrical traction engine, a particularly uniform and gentle laying of the sensor line is also achieved over greater distances by the sensor line being pulled orderly from its coil winding under the action of the traction force of the rocket engine . The free end of the sensor line is firmly connected to the evaluation device assigned to it in the mine housing. Both the pyrotechnic compressed gas device and the rocket motor are triggered by corresponding signals from the evaluation and switching device inside the mine after it has reached its predetermined position on the ground has taken. According to claim 4, when arranging several laying devices on the top of the mine housing, it is further advantageous to form the top of the traction engine so that the entirety of all laying devices in their operative position form a curved surface similar to the known covered covers of shaped charge mines. This reliably avoids that when the mine is preferably laid out of the air, it comes to rest on its head, ie the top of the housing, after it hits the ground. Instead, the mine then deliberately assumes a lateral position and is erected into its defined position to combat objects with the help of known erection elements, such as are described, for example, in DE-C-18 00 121.

Im Hinblick auf möglichst große Verlegeweiten der Sensorleitungen ist - wie bereits angegeben - deren Ausstoß unter etwa 45° gegenüber der vertikalen Minenlängsachse üblich. Um diesen definierten "Abgang" der wenigstens einen Verlegeeinrichtung von dem Minengehäuse noch weiter zu fördern, erweist sich die Ausbildung gemäß Anspruch 5 als vorteilhaft. Diese Abschußführung gewährleistet gerade in der Anfangsphase der Bewegung der Verteileinheit deren definierte Richtung. Gemäß Anspruch 6 ist weiterhin vorgesehen, die Überführung der einen oder mehreren Verlegeeinrichtungen in ihre Wirkposition nicht mittels zusätzlicher Feder- oder pyrotechnischer Kraftelemente vorzunehmen, sondern mittels der Zugkraft eines Bremsfallschirms einer aus der Luft zu verteilenden Mine, wenn sich dieser nach dem Ausstoß der Mine aus dem Flugkörper entfaltet.With regard to the largest possible laying distances of the sensor lines, as already stated, their output at approximately 45 ° with respect to the vertical longitudinal axis of the mine is customary. In order to further promote this defined "exit" of the at least one laying device from the mine housing, the design according to claim 5 has proven to be advantageous. This firing direction ensures its defined direction, especially in the initial phase of the movement of the distribution unit. According to claim 6, it is further provided that the transfer of the one or more laying devices into their operative position is not carried out by means of additional spring or pyrotechnic force elements, but rather by means of the tensile force of a brake parachute of a mine to be distributed from the air if the mine is expelled after the mine has been ejected unfolded the missile.

Die Mine mit der erfindungsgemäßen wenigstens einen Verlegeeinrichtung weist vorzugsweise eine ringförmige kardanische Aufhängung für das Minengehäuse auf, an der die Aufrichtelemente angelenkt sind. Damit ist gewährleistet, daß die Mine auch bei unebenen Geländeboden mit ihrer Längsachse senkrecht ausgerichtet ist, so daß die bevorzugte Verlegung der Sensorleitung unter einem Winkel von etwa 45° zur Vertikalen gewährleistet ist. Die Verlegeeinrichtung ist bevorzugt beim Aufschlag der Mine auf dem Geländeboden im Unterschied zu den bekannten Aufrichtelementen bereits in ihrer Wirkposition. Sofern dabei eine aerodynamische Bremseinrichtung, insbesondere ein Fallschirm, vorgesehen ist, um eine zu harte Landung der Mine aus der Luft zu vermeiden, wird diese in bekannter Weise bei oder nach dem Bodenaufschlag von der Mine abgetrennt, so daß das Verlegen der Sensorleitung durch die Bremseinrichtung nicht beeinträchtigt wird.The mine with the at least one laying device according to the invention preferably has an annular gimbal for the mine housing, to which the erecting elements are articulated. This ensures that the lead is oriented vertically with its longitudinal axis even on uneven ground, so that the preferred laying of the sensor line is ensured at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the vertical is. In contrast to the known erection elements, the laying device is preferably already in its operative position when the mine strikes the ground. If an aerodynamic braking device, in particular a parachute, is provided to prevent the mine from landing too hard from the air, it is separated from the mine in a known manner during or after the ground impact, so that the sensor line is laid by the braking device is not affected.

Die Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung in einem Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt und wird daran noch weiter erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer Darstellung

Fig. 1
eine im Gelände aufgerichtete Mine mit Verlegeeinrichtung,
Fig. 2
eine Verlegeeinrichtung im Längsschnitt und
Fig. 3 bis Fig. 6
aufeinanderfolgende Phasen beim Verteilen einer Mine aus der Luft.
The invention is shown in the drawing in an exemplary embodiment and is further explained. They show a schematic representation
Fig. 1
a mine set up in the field with laying equipment,
Fig. 2
a laying device in longitudinal section and
3 to 6
successive phases of distributing a mine from the air.

Die in den Figuren gezeigte Mine ist für die selbstätige Bekämpfung von am Geländeboden befindlichen Objekten aus der Luft ausgelegt. Sie wird dazu im Gelände mit Hilfe von Aufrichtelementen und vorzugsweise einer kardanischen Aufhängung so ausgerichtet, daß sie mit ihrer Oberseite nach oben weist und die Längsachse der Mine vertikal ausgerichtet ist. Sobald in dieser Lauerstellung über die wenigstens eine Sensorleitung Signale empfangen werden, die von den zu bekämpfenden Objekten stammen können, wird die vertikal ausgerichtete Mine mit Hilfe eines besonderen Raketenantriebs in eine Höhe von einigen 100 Metern gebracht. Die an einem Fallschirm herabsinkende Mine überstreicht dann bei Ausführung einer Drehbewegung mit Hilfe eines besonderen geneigt zur Längsachse wirkenden Ortungssensors spiralförmig den Bodenbereich und zündet die in gleicher Weise ausgerichtete Ladung der Mine bei Erkennung des zu bekämpfenden Objektes.The mine shown in the figures is designed for the automatic control of objects located on the ground from the air. For this purpose, it is aligned in the terrain with the aid of erection elements and preferably a gimbal so that it faces upwards and the longitudinal axis of the mine is aligned vertically. As soon as signals are received in this waiting position via the at least one sensor line, which can originate from the objects to be combated, the vertically aligned mine is brought to a height of a few 100 meters with the aid of a special rocket drive. The mine, which sinks down on a parachute, then sweeps in a spiral over the ground area when a rotary movement is carried out with the aid of a special location sensor which is inclined to the longitudinal axis and ignites the charge of the mine which is oriented in the same way when the object to be combated is detected.

Die in Fig. 1 gezeigt Mine 1 weist das Gehäuse 2 mit darin befindlicher Wirkladung, das Raketentriebwerk 3 zur Beschleunigung der Mine nach oben und ihrer Abbremsung im Gipfelbereich, die oberhalb des Schwerpunktes S der Mine 1 angeordnete kardanische Aufhängung 4, die Verlegeeinrichtung 5 mit der Sensorleitung 6 und dem Aufnahmegehäuse 7 nebst Raketentriebwerk 8 auf. Mit den Aufrichtelementen 9 stützt sich die Mine 1 auf dem Geländeboden 10 ab, wobei sie mit ihrer Oberseite 11 nach oben zeigt und ihre Längsachse 12 vertikal ausgerichtet ist. In der linken Hälfte der Fig. 1 ist abweichend von dem Regelfall die Verlegeeinrichtung 5 noch in ihrer Ausgangsposition gezeigt, in der sie dicht an der Oberseite 11 des Gehäuses 2 der Mine 1 anliegt. Sie ist dabei an der zentralen Befestigungseinrichtung 15 an der Oberseite 11 verschwenkbar angebracht. Die Sensorleitung 6 ist mit ihrem einen Ende 6' in das Minengehäuse hineingeführt und mit der entsprechenden Auswerte- und Schalteinrichtung fest verbunden. Diese Darstellung, d.h. Verlegeeinrichtung 5 noch in ihrer Ausgangsposition bei bereits auf dem Geländeboden positionierter Mine, entspricht insofern nicht dem Regelfalle, als bevorzugt noch vor dem Aufschlag der Mine 1 auf dem Geländeboden 10 die Verlegeeinrichtungen in ihre Wirkposition überführt sind. Dies ist in der rechten Hälfte der Fig. 1 zu erkennen, die den hinteren Teil der Verlegeeinheit 5 mit daran angeordneter Abschußführung 16 zeigt, von der sich bereits das Aufnahmegehäuse 7 unter der Zugwirkung des Raketentriebwerks 8 gelöst hat, wobei die im Aufnahmegehäuse 7 als Spulenwickel angeordnete Sensorleitung 6 von dieser abgewickelt und von dem Zugtriebwerk 8 hinter sich her gezogen wird. Das für die Anzündung des Raketenmotors 8, einem Kleintriebwerk, erforderliche Zündsignal von der Zünderlogik in der Mine 1 kann entweder direkt nach dem Aufrichten der Mine 1 abgegeben werden oder aber auch erst bei der Erfassung eines sich annähernden zu bekämpfenden Objektes mit Hilfe eines besonderen Wecksensors.The mine 1 shown in FIG. 1 has the housing 2 with active charge therein, the rocket engine 3 for accelerating the mine upwards and decelerating it in the summit area, the gimbal suspension 4 arranged above the center of gravity S of the mine 1, the laying device 5 with the Sensor line 6 and the receiving housing 7 together with the rocket engine 8. The mine 1 is supported on the ground 10 with the erection elements 9, with its top 11 pointing upwards and its longitudinal axis 12 oriented vertically. In the left half of FIG. 1, deviating from the rule, the laying device 5 is still shown in its starting position, in which it lies closely against the top 11 of the housing 2 of the mine 1. It is pivotally attached to the central fastening device 15 on the top 11. The one end of the sensor line 6 ′ leads into the mine housing and is firmly connected to the corresponding evaluation and switching device. This representation, that is to say laying device 5 still in its starting position when the mine is already positioned on the ground floor, does not correspond to the rule in that the laying devices are preferably moved into their operative position before the mine 1 strikes the ground floor 10. This can be seen in the right half of FIG. 1, which shows the rear part of the laying unit 5 with the launching guide 16 arranged thereon, from which the receiving housing 7 has already detached under the pulling action of the rocket engine 8, the ones in the receiving housing 7 as a coil winding arranged sensor line 6 is unwound from this and pulled by the traction engine 8 behind it. The ignition signal required for the ignition of the rocket motor 8, a small engine, from the detonator logic in the mine 1 can either be emitted directly after the mine 1 has been erected, or only when an object to be combated is detected using a special alarm sensor.

Die in Fig. 2 gezeigte Verlegeeinrichtung 5 für die Sensorleitung 6 weist das im wesentlichen hohlzylindriche Aufnahmegehäuse 7 sowie den als Kleintriebwerk ausgelegten Raketenmotor 8 auf. Die Abschußführung 16 ist hier hülsenförmig ausgebildet und einstückig mit dem Basisteil 17 verbunden, das zur schwenkbaren Befestigung der Verlegeeinrichtung 5 an der Befestigungseinrichtung 15 dient. Das Aufnahmegehäuse 7 weist an seinem dem Basisteil 17 zugewandten Ende einen Boden 7' auf, der eine kreisscheibenförmige Ausnehmung aufweist mit einem Innendurchmesser entsprechend dem Außendurchmesser der hülsenförmigen Abschußführung 16, so daß bei Zündung des Raketenmotors 8 die Verlegeeinheit 5 mit ihrem Aufnahmegehäuse 7 einwandfrei auf der Abschußführung 16 geführt und in der zeichnerischen Darstellung nach links abgezogen wird. Innerhalb des Aufnahmegehäuses 7 ist der Spulenwickel 18 aus der aufgewickelten Sensorleitung 6 nur andeutungsweise dargestellt. Die Sensorleitung 6 ist mit ihrem innerhalb der Verlegeeinrichtung 5 befindlichen Ende mit dieser fest verbunden und mit ihrem anderen Ende über die Durchbrechung 19 im Boden 7' des Aufnahmegehäuses heraus und zum Gehäuse 2 der Mine 1 hin geführt. Das Gehäuse 20 des Raketenmotors 8 ist mit dem Aufnahmegehäuse 7 über die Schraubverbindung 21 verbunden. Innerhalb des Gehäuses 20 ist das von der Zünderlogik der Mine auslösbare Anzündelement 22, die Anzündmischung 23 und der Treibsatz 24 angeordnet. Auf der zum Basisteil 17 hin weisenden Unterseite des Gehäuses 20 ist dieses mit den kranzförmig angeordneten Düsen 25 versehen. Die andere, vom Aufnahmegehäuse 7 abgewandte Seite des Raketenmotors ist als kugelschalenförmig gewölbte Oberfläche 26 ausgebildet. Die mit dem Aufnahmegehäuse 7 einstückig verbundene Öse 27 dient zur Befestigung einer Leine des Fallschirms, wie es anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren noch näher erläutert wird.The laying device 5 shown in FIG. 2 for the sensor line 6 has the essentially hollow cylindrical receiving housing 7 and the rocket motor 8 designed as a small engine. The launch guide 16 is sleeve-shaped here and connected in one piece to the base part 17, which serves for the pivotable fastening of the laying device 5 to the fastening device 15. The receiving housing 7 has at its end facing the base part 17 a bottom 7 ', which has a circular disc-shaped recess with an inner diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the sleeve-shaped launch guide 16, so that when the rocket motor 8 is ignited, the laying unit 5 with its receiving housing 7 fits perfectly on the Launch guide 16 performed and is subtracted to the left in the drawing. Within the receiving housing 7, the coil winding 18 from the wound sensor line 6 is shown only hinted. The end of the sensor line 6, which is located inside the laying device 5, is firmly connected to the latter and at its other end it is led out through the opening 19 in the bottom 7 'of the receiving housing and to the housing 2 of the mine 1. The housing 20 of the rocket motor 8 is connected to the receiving housing 7 via the screw connection 21. The ignition element 22, the ignition mixture 23 and the propellant charge 24, which can be triggered by the fuse logic of the mine, are arranged within the housing 20. On the underside of the housing 20 pointing towards the base part 17, this is provided with the ring-shaped nozzles 25. The other side of the rocket motor facing away from the receiving housing 7 is designed as a spherical shell-curved surface 26. The eyelet 27, which is integrally connected to the receiving housing 7, is used to fasten a line of the parachute, as will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Das Aufnahmegehäuse 7 ist hier in seinem hinteren dem Bodenteil 7' zugewandten Bereich kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet, um abweichend von der Darstellung in Fig. 1 mehrere, vorzugsweise fünf, Verlegeeinrichtungen an der Obersetie 11 der Mine 1 in dichtester "Packung" in der Ausgangsposition anordnen zu können und so bei geringster Minenhöhe eine optimale Anzahl von Sensorleitungen mit entsprechenden Verteilrichtungen unterbringen zu können. Damit ist erreicht, daß diese Minen bei der Lagerung und z.B. ihrem Transport mittels eines Flugkörpers ein vergleichsweise kleines Volumen einnehmen und nach der Positionierung im Gelände dennoch die optimale Verteilung der Sensorleitungen gewährleistet ist. Die Weite der Verlegung der Sensorleitungen 6 wird dabei durch die Konfiguration des Treibsatzes 24 und dem dafür verwendeten Treibstofftyp eingestellt.The receptacle housing 7 is here in its rear region facing the bottom part 7 ′ in the form of a truncated cone, in order to deviate from the illustration in FIG. 1 by several, preferably five, laying devices on the upper part 11 of the mine 1 in to be able to arrange the densest "packing" in the starting position and thus to be able to accommodate an optimal number of sensor lines with corresponding distribution directions with the lowest mine height. This ensures that these mines take up a comparatively small volume during storage and, for example, their transport by means of a missile, and that the optimal distribution of the sensor lines is nevertheless ensured after positioning in the field. The width of the laying of the sensor lines 6 is set by the configuration of the propellant charge 24 and the type of fuel used for it.

Gemäß Fig. 3 gleitet die aus einem rohrartigen Transportbehälter, z.B. dem Trägerteil einer Rakete, in der Luft ausgestoßene Mine 1 an dem Fallschirm 28 hängend zu Boden. Der Fallschirm 28 greift dabei über die Leine 29, welche durch die Öse 27 der Verteileinheit 5 hindurchgeführt ist, an dieser an und hat die Verteileinheit 5 bereits um etwa 45° aufgerichtet, d.h. in ihre Wirkposition gebracht.3 slides out of a tubular transport container, e.g. the carrier part of a rocket, in the air ejected mine 1 hanging on the parachute 28 to the ground. The parachute 28 engages the line 29, which is passed through the eyelet 27 of the distribution unit 5, and has already set the distribution unit 5 up about 45 °, i.e. brought into their operative position.

Fig. 4. zeigt die Mine 1 in der Seitenlage auf dem Geländeboden 10. Der Fallschirm 28 hat sich dabei bereits in bekannter Weise von der Mine 1 gelöst und entfernt. Die in der Wirkposition befindlichen Verteileinrichtungen 5, von denen hier zur Vereinfachung der zeichnerischen Darstellung nur zwei gezeigt sind, bilden an der Oberseite der Mine 1 eine haubenförmige Abrollfläche, die es verhindert, daß die Mine mit ihrem kopfseitigen Ende auf dem Geländeboden 10 zu stehen kommt, da dann ein Aufrichten mit den bekannten Aufrichteinrichtungen in die gewollte vorgegebene Position, d.h. mit der Kopfseite nach oben weisend, nicht mehr möglich wäre.4 shows the mine 1 in the lateral position on the terrain floor 10. The parachute 28 has already detached and removed from the mine 1 in a known manner. The distribution devices 5 located in the active position, of which only two are shown here for the sake of simplifying the drawing, form a hood-shaped rolling surface on the top of the mine 1, which prevents the mine from coming to a stand on the ground 10 with its head-side end , because then an erection with the known erection devices in the desired predetermined position, ie with the head side facing upwards, would no longer be possible.

In Fig. 5 ist die Mine 1 in der gewollten vorgegebenen Position, d.h. in vertikaler Anordnung und mit der Kopfseite nach oben zeigend, zu erkennen. Mit Hilfe der kardanischen Aufhängung 4, an welcher die Aufrichtelemente 9 angelenkt sind, nimmt die Mine 1 diese Position auch bei unebenem Geländeboden 10 ein.5, the mine 1 can be seen in the desired predetermined position, ie in a vertical arrangement and with the head side facing upwards. With the help of the cardanic suspension 4, on which the erection elements 9 are articulated, the mine 1 assumes this position even when the ground 10 is uneven.

Wenn der Aufrichtvorgang abgelaufen ist, werden entsprechend Fig. 6 alle Sensorleitungen 6, jeweils von einem Raketenmotor 8 gezogen, gleichzeitig und definiert in verschiedene Richtungen verteilt. Die Anfangsneigung der Raketenmotore 8 beträgt dabei etwa 45° gegenüber der Vertikalen.6, all the sensor lines 6, each pulled by a rocket motor 8, are simultaneously and definedly distributed in different directions. The initial inclination of the rocket motors 8 is approximately 45 ° with respect to the vertical.

Sofern die Verlegeeinrichtungen der Oberseite der Mine 1 angebracht sind, ist eine Behinderung durch Bewuchs im Gelände beim Verlegen der Sensorleitungen am kleinsten. Nach dem Verlegen der Sensorleitungen 6 ist die Höhe der Mine 1 und damit auch ihre Radarsignatur verringert. Weiterhin ist auch die Startmasse für das Retroraketentriebwerk 3 der Mine 1 reduziert, indem beim Starten die Sensorleitungen 6 mit Aufnahmegehäuse 7 und Kleintriebwerk 8 abgetrennt werden. Schließlich ist die Ausführung des Minengehäuses einfacher, da praktisch keine Abdichtprobleme auftreten.If the laying devices are attached to the top of the mine 1, a handicap caused by vegetation in the field is the smallest when laying the sensor lines. After laying the sensor lines 6, the height of the mine 1 and thus also its radar signature is reduced. Furthermore, the starting mass for the retro-rocket engine 3 of the mine 1 is also reduced by separating the sensor lines 6 with the receiving housing 7 and the small engine 8 when starting. Finally, the construction of the mine housing is simpler since there are practically no sealing problems.

Claims (6)

  1. Mine (1) having a housing (2) with an under side and a top side (11), to which mine is assigned at least one laying arrangement (5) for the laying of a sensor lead (6) after the mine (1) has occupied its predetermined position in the terrain (10), with the sensor lead (6) being moved away on laying from the housing (2) in upwardly directed manner, characterised in that the laying arrangement (5) is arranged outside the housing (2) of the mine (1) on its top side (11), is adjacent the latter in its starting position and is supported in its operating position at an angle of 45° from the top side and is locked into this position.
  2. Mine according to claim 1, characterised in that, with a housing (2) with essentially circular disc shaped top side (11); several, in plan view circular segment-like, laying arrangements (5) are provided which are arranged uniformly distributed about the periphery thereof.
  3. Mine according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the laying arrangement (5) has a take-up housing for the stowing of the sensor lead (6), preferably wound like a coil winding (18), which is provided on its end which, in the operating position, is drawn away from the housing (2) of the mine (1) with a rocket drive mechanism (8) with a nozzle collar (25) arranged around the take-up housing, which rocket drive mechanism the take-up housing (7) from housing (2) of the mine (1) after being put into operation and moreover exerts a traction force on the sensor lead (6) held with its one end (6) onto the mine (1) and lays this out.
  4. Mine according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterised in that the rocket engine (8) has on its free side remote from the take-up housing (7) a spherical shell shaped arched surface (26) so that, with laying arrangements (5) located in the operating position, these form together an arched unrolling surface for the head end of the housing (2) of the mine (1).
  5. Mine according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterised in that, as firing guide (16) for the laying arrangement (5) there is provided a spindle, cylinder or the like connected in pivotable manner with the housing (2) of the mine (1) and on which the take-up housing (7), preferably together with the coil winding (18) of the sensor lead (6), is mounted.
  6. Mine according to claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the laying arrangement (5) is convertible from the starting to the operative position under the traction force of an opening out aerodynamic braking arrangement of the mine (1), preferably a parachute (28).
EP91121308A 1990-12-24 1991-12-12 Mine having a device for the laying of sensor line Expired - Lifetime EP0492299B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4041767A DE4041767A1 (en) 1990-12-24 1990-12-24 MINE WITH A LAYING DEVICE FOR A SENSOR LINE
DE4041767 1990-12-24

Publications (3)

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EP0492299A2 EP0492299A2 (en) 1992-07-01
EP0492299A3 EP0492299A3 (en) 1993-01-20
EP0492299B1 true EP0492299B1 (en) 1997-02-19

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EP91121308A Expired - Lifetime EP0492299B1 (en) 1990-12-24 1991-12-12 Mine having a device for the laying of sensor line

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US (1) US5198614A (en)
EP (1) EP0492299B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04292800A (en)
DE (2) DE4041767A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2704051B1 (en) * 1993-04-15 1995-06-16 Giat Ind Sa ZONE DEFENSE WEAPON SYSTEM.
FR2708099B1 (en) * 1993-07-22 1995-09-22 Giat Ind Sa Device for detecting an objective by means of a trap wire.
DE4330414A1 (en) * 1993-09-08 1995-03-09 Rheinmetall Gmbh mine
US7109888B2 (en) * 2002-01-18 2006-09-19 Alion Science & Tech Corp Method and apparatus for detecting and destroying intruders
US9024238B1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2015-05-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Ground surface reconnaissance projectile
RU193124U1 (en) * 2019-07-12 2019-10-15 Федеральное государственное бюджетное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Черноморское высшее военно-морское ордена Красной Звезды училище имени П.С. Нахимова" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Universal cumulative mine

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DE1800121C3 (en) * 1968-10-01 1981-06-11 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Device for the defined positioning of drop bodies, in particular explosive charges
US3857338A (en) * 1970-02-03 1974-12-31 Dynamit Nobel Ag Warhead
US3754508A (en) * 1971-04-05 1973-08-28 Avco Corp Sensor employing a resistance variation detecting system
US4205609A (en) * 1978-07-05 1980-06-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Directional fuze selector apparatus for artillery delivered mines
FR2478809A1 (en) * 1980-03-20 1981-09-25 Europ Propulsion ANTICHAR MINE WITH A HIGH SURFACE OF ACTION
FR2504254B1 (en) * 1981-04-15 1986-01-10 Lacroix E Tous Artifices IMPROVED ANTICHAR MINE
DE3338936A1 (en) * 1983-10-27 1985-05-09 Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg Detonating device for a defensive mine
DE3516673A1 (en) * 1985-05-09 1986-11-13 Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg END-PHASE CORRECTABLE SEARCHED AMMUNITION AND METHOD FOR FIGHTING ARMORED TARGETS
FR2607585B1 (en) * 1986-11-27 1993-04-09 Matra INDIRECT SHOOTING MINE OF ARMORED VEHICLE
DE3713424C1 (en) * 1987-04-22 1988-08-11 Honeywell Regelsysteme Gmbh Mine
DE3817265A1 (en) * 1988-05-20 1989-11-30 Diehl Gmbh & Co STAND DEVICE FOR A MINE
GB2227081B (en) * 1988-12-24 1992-11-11 Dynamit Nobel Ag Mine
DE3909840A1 (en) * 1989-03-25 1990-09-27 Dynamit Nobel Ag MINE WITH SENSOR WIRE INSTALLATION UNIT
FR2646232B1 (en) * 1989-04-25 1994-03-11 Thomson Brandt Armements AUTOMATED WEAPON SYSTEM FOR ZONE DEFENSE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5198614A (en) 1993-03-30
EP0492299A3 (en) 1993-01-20
DE59108552D1 (en) 1997-03-27
EP0492299A2 (en) 1992-07-01
JPH04292800A (en) 1992-10-16
DE4041767A1 (en) 1992-06-25

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