EP0487494B1 - Plant for the production of molten metals - Google Patents

Plant for the production of molten metals Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0487494B1
EP0487494B1 EP91890282A EP91890282A EP0487494B1 EP 0487494 B1 EP0487494 B1 EP 0487494B1 EP 91890282 A EP91890282 A EP 91890282A EP 91890282 A EP91890282 A EP 91890282A EP 0487494 B1 EP0487494 B1 EP 0487494B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
melt
vessel
metallurgical vessel
plant according
guiding chute
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91890282A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0487494A1 (en
Inventor
Wilfried Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Pirklbauer
Alfred Weber
Johannes Dipl.-Ing. Steins
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH
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Publication of EP0487494A1 publication Critical patent/EP0487494A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
    • C21C5/567—Manufacture of steel by other methods operating in a continuous way
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/14—Charging or discharging liquid or molten material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S266/00—Metallurgical apparatus
    • Y10S266/90—Metal melting furnaces, e.g. cupola type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant for the production of liquid metals, in particular steel, with a melting vessel and a metallurgical vessel which receives the melt from the melting vessel and is closed with a lid for post-treatment of the melt, the melting vessel being arranged at the level of the bottom of the melting vessel and has tapping opening for the melt located on the periphery of the melting vessel, which is positioned above a pouring opening of the metallurgical vessel, and a method for producing molten metal.
  • a plant of this kind is known from EP-A-0 321 443.
  • the melting vessel is designed as a tiltable scrap and / or pig iron melting converter, the oriel of which is arranged at the level of the floor and is brought into position above a pan.
  • this system melts liquid metal in a continuous process, it is necessary to tilt the converter while changing the ladle until the tap opening is above the melting level, so that the continuous tapping process and the melting process are interrupted.
  • the invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and has as its object to create a system of the type described above and a method for operating the system in which the melting process can be carried out continuously and regardless of the further treatment of the melt, and in which one A targeted mixing effect in the melt bath of the metallurgical vessel is possible through a largely spatter-free melt inlet.
  • This object is achieved in that the pouring opening of the metallurgical vessel downstream of the melting vessel is provided above a melt guide channel arranged in the interior of the metallurgical vessel.
  • the melt guide channel is expediently designed to be inclined in the region of contact with the melt entering the metallurgical vessel, the melt flow emerging from the melt vessel being directed at an acute angle against the melt guide channel, so that the melt impinging on the melt guide channel is essentially splash-free from the Melting channel is added.
  • the melt guide channel is curved or kinked in the longitudinal direction, at least in the lower region towards the center of the metallurgical vessel, with the inclination decreasing, as a result of which the kinetic energy of the melt flow of the freshly flowing melt is successfully mixed with the already flowing one bring melt located in the metallurgical vessel without excessive eddy formation.
  • a structurally simple design is characterized in that the fusible channel is integrated in the side wall of the metallurgical vessel, the pouring opening of the metallurgical vessel expediently protruding beyond the circumference of the metallurgical vessel.
  • the fusible channel is advantageously designed as a component projecting over the circumference of the metallurgical vessel, which starts from the pouring opening, so that the furnace interior is not adversely affected by the fusing channel.
  • the tap opening of the melting vessel is advantageously provided on an oriel projecting laterally from the melting vessel and has a cross section that is larger than the cross section of the melt flow emerging from the melting vessel and closes the tap opening close to the pouring opening of the metallurgical vessel.
  • Both the tap opening and the fusible guide channel are expediently lined with a highly wear-resistant material, such as ceramic, so that the wear on these parts is matched to that of the other parts of the system and no additional change is required.
  • At least one burner directed against the melt guide channel is advantageously provided in the region of the tap opening pouring opening.
  • the system is expediently equipped with an aggregate charging device directed against the melt guide channel, a preferred embodiment being characterized in that the aggregate charging device is arranged as in the lid of the metallurgical vessel and feed pipe directed against the melt guide channel.
  • the tap opening of the A seal is provided in the melting vessel and the pouring opening of the metallurgical vessel, the seal advantageously being designed as a sealing insert which surrounds the tap opening and is seated at the upper end of the melting guide channel and can be used from the outside.
  • a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the sealing insert is horseshoe-shaped and is adapted to the upper end of the fusible channel.
  • the seal can be used in a simple manner if the sealing insert has a wedge-shaped cross section tapering towards the interior of the metallurgical vessel, the mutually inclined surfaces of which lie against corresponding mating surfaces of the melting vessel and the upper end of the fusing channel.
  • the melting vessel is advantageously formed in two parts, etc. It comprises a stationary shaft part and a base part which can be raised and lowered on a mobile carriage and on which the tap opening is provided, with at least one level of burners being expediently provided in the base part and at least one level of burners being provided in the shaft part.
  • the base part is advantageously pot-shaped and the side wall projecting laterally from its base is tapered at least in a partial area in which the burners are provided, whereby the inclination of these partial areas of the side wall is less than the inclination of the side wall adjoining this side wall upwards.
  • An advantageous method for producing molten metal, in particular steel, with a plant according to the invention is characterized in that the melt flows continuously from the melting vessel the metallurgical vessel is conveyed and, after a refining treatment, is withdrawn discontinuously from the metallurgical vessel.
  • a targeted thorough mixing of the melt entering the metallurgical vessel with the melt already present in the metallurgical vessel takes place in that the melt is allowed to flow into the melt sump present in the metallurgical vessel from the edge region approximately towards the center.
  • the gases which form in the metallurgical vessel are advantageously drawn off from the metallurgical vessel in countercurrent to the melt flow via the tap opening and introduced into the melting vessel, as a result of which the heat content of the extracted gases benefits the charge material introduced into the melting vessel directly and almost without loss.
  • melt flow is heated as it passes through the melt guide channel.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a plant for the production of steel in section.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line II-II of FIG. 1 and
  • FIG. 3 shows a section along the line III-III of FIG. 1.
  • a stationary supported melting vessel which is composed of two parts, etc. an upper part, forming a shaft part 2 of the melting vessel, which is fixed in a stationary manner to a stage 4 via a hollow frame 3 surrounding this part, and a bottom part 5, which is mounted on a carriage 6 which can be moved on the stage 4 rests.
  • This base part 5 is supported in a height-adjustable manner on the carriage 6 by means of a lifting device 7 and can be moved against the shaft part 2 by means of the lifting device.
  • the connection between base part 5 and shaft part 2 takes place via flanges 8, 9 provided on these parts on the abutting end faces, which are screwed together.
  • Both the bottom 5 and the shaft part 2 each have a metal outer jacket 10 and are provided on the inside with a refractory lining 11.
  • burners 12 projecting through the wall or devices supplying oxygen-containing gas are preferably provided in two or more levels, the supply lines of which are led through the hollow frame 3.
  • a charging device is arranged at the upper end of the shaft part, not shown.
  • Burners 13 are also provided in the bottom part 5 in at least one plane.
  • the bottom part 5 of the shaft furnace 1 is pot-shaped, the level of the burner 13 being in the side wall 15 of the bottom part 5 rising from the bottom 14.
  • This side wall 15 is conical at the level of the burner 13, and tapers upwards.
  • the inclination of the side wall 15 at the level of the burners 13 is less than that of the wall of the melting vessel 1 adjoining this side wall 15, which is formed by the shaft part 2 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • a cavity or free space 16 is formed between the side wall 15 of the base part 5 having the burners 13 and the insert 17 of the melting furnace, which prevents the burners 13 or the refractory lining 11 surrounding the burners from overheating.
  • the side wall 15 could also be stepped to form the free space 16.
  • the base part 5 has an oriel 18 projecting laterally beyond the side wall 15, into which a pouring channel 19, which starts from the base 14 and is arranged in a slightly falling and radially directed manner, opens out.
  • This pouring channel merges into a steeply downwardly directed channel part 20, at the end of which the tap opening 21 is located.
  • the refractory lining 11 of the shaft furnace 1 continues into the oriel 18.
  • the pouring channel is lined with a highly wear-resistant material 22, such as ceramic.
  • a metallurgical vessel 23 designed as an electric furnace for refining the melt 24 flowing into the metallurgical vessel 23 from the melting vessel 1 via the tap opening 21 is arranged to the side of the melting vessel 1 and at a level below it.
  • This vessel 23 has a curved base part 25, which is rigid via claws 26 or a frame on stands 27 arranged in a fixed manner on the foundation, i.e. immobile, supported.
  • This bottom part 25 is formed by a metal outer jacket 28 and a refractory lining 29, and it has tapping for slag and molten steel, not shown, and an emergency tapping at the lowest point of the vessel.
  • annular side wall jacket 30 which is formed from preferably water-cooled panels and is tightly closed by a cover 31 formed from water-cooled pipes. Electrodes, shown schematically, project through openings in the lid 31 into the interior of the metallurgical vessel 23.
  • the arrangement of the metallurgical vessel 23 to the melting vessel 1 is such that the side wall jacket 30 of the metallurgical vessel 23 comes to lie approximately vertically below the tap opening 21 of the melting vessel 1.
  • the metallurgical vessel 23 is provided with an outwardly inclined melting channel 33 which forms a pouring opening 32 and which is covered with a layer of highly wear-resistant material 34, such as ceramic, which rests on a lining of refractory material 35, is lined.
  • the lining 34 ends above the maximum height of the melt pool level.
  • the arrangement of the melt guide channel 33 is such that the melt flow emerging from the melt vessel 1, which is illustrated by the arrow 36, strikes the melt guide channel 33 at an acute angle, thereby ensuring an essentially splash-free entry into the metallurgical vessel 23.
  • the fusible channel 33 is curved or slightly bent at the lower end 37, the inclination of the fusible channel becoming flatter towards its end. This makes it possible, by utilizing the kinetic energy of the melt flow 36, to achieve a targeted deflection of the melt flow and thus good mixing of the newly flowing melt with the melt bath 24 located in the metallurgical vessel, as indicated by the arrows 38.
  • a seal 39 is fitted from the outside, which has a wedge-shaped cross section tapering towards the inside of the metallurgical vessel 23 and with its mutually inclined surfaces on corresponding counter surfaces of the oriel and the upper end the melt guide channel is in contact.
  • burners 40 are provided, which are directed against the fusible guide channel 33 and serve to heat the same and achieve temperature stability, so that no deposits can form in the fusing channel 33. Furthermore, in this area at least one feed pipe 41 is provided for adding additives, which projects through the cover 31 from above and is likewise directed against the melt guide channel 33.
  • the metallurgical vessel 23 can also be equipped with further natural gas / O2 burners, floor flushing elements and openings for measuring lances or other additives.
  • Gases generated in the metallurgical vessel 23 preferably pass exclusively through the tap opening 21 and the pouring channel 19, 20, the cross sections of which are substantially larger than the cross section of the from the Melting vessel 36 emerging melt flow, directly into the melting vessel 1, flow through the insert 17 of the same with release of their heat content and are drawn off at the upper end of the melting vessel via a gas discharge device, not shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage zur Herstellung von flüssigen Metallen, insbesondere von Stahl, mit einem Schmelzgefäß und einem die Schmelze aus dem Schmelzgefäß aufnehmenden, mit einem Deckel geschlossenen metallurgischen Gefäß zur Nachbehandlung der Schmelze, wobei das Schmelzgefäß eine in Höhe des Bodens des Schmelzgefäßes angeordnete und an der Peripherie des Schmelzgefäßes liegende Abstichöffnung für die Schmelze aufweist, die oberhalb einer Eingießöffnung des metallurgischen Gefäßes in Stellung gebracht ist, sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Metallschmelze.The invention relates to a plant for the production of liquid metals, in particular steel, with a melting vessel and a metallurgical vessel which receives the melt from the melting vessel and is closed with a lid for post-treatment of the melt, the melting vessel being arranged at the level of the bottom of the melting vessel and has tapping opening for the melt located on the periphery of the melting vessel, which is positioned above a pouring opening of the metallurgical vessel, and a method for producing molten metal.

Eine Anlage dieser Art ist aus der EP-A-0 321 443 bekannt. Das Schmelzgefäß ist bei der bekannten Anlage als kippbarer Schrott und/oder Roheisen aufschmelzender Konverter ausgebildet, dessen in Höhe des Bodens angeordneter Erker über einer Pfanne in Stellung gebracht ist. Zwar erfolgt bei dieser Anlage das Erschmelzen flüssigen Metalls in einem kontinuierlichen Vorgang, jedoch ist es erforderlich, während des Pfannenwechsels den Konverter zu kippen, bis die Abstichöffnung oberhalb des Schmelzspiegels liegt, so daß der kontinuierliche Abstichvorgang und der Schmelzvorgang unterbrochen ist.A plant of this kind is known from EP-A-0 321 443. In the known system, the melting vessel is designed as a tiltable scrap and / or pig iron melting converter, the oriel of which is arranged at the level of the floor and is brought into position above a pan. Although this system melts liquid metal in a continuous process, it is necessary to tilt the converter while changing the ladle until the tap opening is above the melting level, so that the continuous tapping process and the melting process are interrupted.

Aus der EP-B1 - 0 199 714 ist eine Anlage bekannt, mit der Eisenschwamm in einem Elektroofen eingeschmolzen und die Schmelze über eine auskragende Abstichrinne in eine Pfanne eingegossen wird, in der die weitere Behandlung der Schmelze, wie eine Entphosphorung und eine Zugabe von Legierungskomponenten, erfolgt. Hier erfolgen der Schmelzvorgang und die Nachbehandlung diskontinuierlich. Bei beiden bekannten Anlagen ergibt sich eine große Fallhöhe beim Abstich der Schmelze.From EP-B1-0 199 714 a system is known with which the sponge iron is melted in an electric furnace and the melt is poured into a pan via a cantilever tapping trough in which the further treatment of the melt, such as dephosphorization and addition of alloy components , he follows. Here the melting process and post-treatment are carried out discontinuously. In both known systems there is a large head when tapping the melt.

Ein Problem bei den bekannten Anlagen stellen weiters die im metallurgischen Gefäß bei einer eventuellen Nachbehandlung der Schmelze anfallenden Gase dar, die über eine eigene Absaugung entfernt werden müssen.Another problem with the known systems is the gases which occur in the metallurgical vessel in the event of any aftertreatment of the melt and which have to be removed by means of a separate suction system.

Die Erfindung bezweckt die Vermeidung dieser Nachteile und Schwierigkeiten und stellt sich die Aufgabe, eine Anlage der eingangs beschriebenen Art sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben der Anlage zu schaffen, bei welchen der Schmelzvorgang kontinuierlich und ohne Rücksicht auf die Weiterbehandlung der Schmelze erfolgen kann und bei denen eine gezielte Mischwirkung im Schmelzenbad des metallurgischen Gefäßes durch einen weitestgehend spritzfreien Schmelzeneinlauf möglich ist.The invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and has as its object to create a system of the type described above and a method for operating the system in which the melting process can be carried out continuously and regardless of the further treatment of the melt, and in which one A targeted mixing effect in the melt bath of the metallurgical vessel is possible through a largely spatter-free melt inlet.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Eingießöffnung des dem Schmelzgefäß nachgeordneten metallurgischen Gefäßes oberhalb einer im Inneren des metallurgischen Gefäßes angeordneten Schmelzleitrinne vorgesehen ist.This object is achieved in that the pouring opening of the metallurgical vessel downstream of the melting vessel is provided above a melt guide channel arranged in the interior of the metallurgical vessel.

Die Erfindung ist in den Ansprüchen 1 und 19 definiiert. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind in den Ansprüchen 2-18 und 20-23 angegeben.The invention is defined in claims 1 and 19. Preferred embodiments are given in claims 2-18 and 20-23.

Zweckmäßig ist hierbei die Schmelzleitrinne im Bereich der Kontaktnahme mit der in das metallurgische Gefäß eintretenden Schmelze geneigt ausgebildet, wobei der aus dem Schmelzgefäß austretende Schmelzenfluß unter einem spitzen Winkel gegen die Schmelzleitrinne gerichtet ist, so daß die auf die Schmelzleitrinne auftreffende Schmelze im wesentlichen spritzfrei von der Schmelzleitrinne aufgenommen wird.The melt guide channel is expediently designed to be inclined in the region of contact with the melt entering the metallurgical vessel, the melt flow emerging from the melt vessel being directed at an acute angle against the melt guide channel, so that the melt impinging on the melt guide channel is essentially splash-free from the Melting channel is added.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Schmelzleitrinne in Längsrichtung zumindest im unteren Bereich zum Zentrum des metallurgischen Gefäßes hin unter Abnahme der Neigung gekrümmt bzw. geknickt ausgebildet, wodurch es gelingt, die kinetische Energie des Schmelzenflusses der frisch einfließenden Schmelze zu einer gezielten Durchmischung mit der bereits im metallurgischen Gefäß befindlichen Schmelze zu bringen, ohne daß eine allzu intensive Wirbelbildung auftritt.According to a further preferred embodiment, the melt guide channel is curved or kinked in the longitudinal direction, at least in the lower region towards the center of the metallurgical vessel, with the inclination decreasing, as a result of which the kinetic energy of the melt flow of the freshly flowing melt is successfully mixed with the already flowing one bring melt located in the metallurgical vessel without excessive eddy formation.

Eine konstruktiv einfache Ausbildung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schmelzleitrinne in die Seitenwand des metallurgischen Gefäßes integriert ist, wobei zweckmäßig die Eingießöffnung des metallurgischen Gefäßes über den Umfang des metallurgischen Gefäßes hinausragt.A structurally simple design is characterized in that the fusible channel is integrated in the side wall of the metallurgical vessel, the pouring opening of the metallurgical vessel expediently protruding beyond the circumference of the metallurgical vessel.

Hierbei ist die Schmelzleitrinne vorteilhaft als über den Umfang des metallurgischen Gefäßes auskragender Bauteil, der von der Eingießöffnung ausgeht, ausgebildet, so daß der Ofeninnenraum durch die Schmelzleitrinne nicht beeinträchtigt ist.Here, the fusible channel is advantageously designed as a component projecting over the circumference of the metallurgical vessel, which starts from the pouring opening, so that the furnace interior is not adversely affected by the fusing channel.

Um eigene Gasableitungen vom metallurgischen Gefäß und hierfür notwendige Verrohrungen zu vermeiden, ist vorteilhaft die Abstichöffnung des Schmelzgefäßes an einem seitlich vom Schmelzgefäß auskragenden Erker vorgesehen und weist einen Querschnitt auf, der größer ist als der Querschnitt des aus dem Schmelzgefäß austretenden Schmelzenflusses, und schließt die Abstichöffnung dicht an die Eingießöffnung des metallurgischen Gefäßes an.In order to avoid own gas discharges from the metallurgical vessel and the piping necessary for this purpose, the tap opening of the melting vessel is advantageously provided on an oriel projecting laterally from the melting vessel and has a cross section that is larger than the cross section of the melt flow emerging from the melting vessel and closes the tap opening close to the pouring opening of the metallurgical vessel.

Zweckmäßig sind sowohl die Abstichöffnung als auch die Schmelzleitrinne mit einem hochverschleißfesten Material, wie Keramik, ausgekleidet, so daß der Verschleiß dieser Teile dem der übrigen Anlagenteile angepaßt ist und kein zusätzlicher Wechsel erforderlich ist.Both the tap opening and the fusible guide channel are expediently lined with a highly wear-resistant material, such as ceramic, so that the wear on these parts is matched to that of the other parts of the system and no additional change is required.

Um in jedem Betriebsfall und -zeitraum, u.zw. auch in der Anfahrphase, eine Temperaturstabilität in der Schmelzleitrinne zu gewährleisten, ist vorteilhaft im Bereich der Abstichöffnung-Eingießöffnung mindestens ein gegen die Schmelzleitrinne gerichteter Brenner vorgesehen.In order to operate in every operating case and period, etc. Even in the start-up phase to ensure temperature stability in the melt guide channel, at least one burner directed against the melt guide channel is advantageously provided in the region of the tap opening pouring opening.

Zwecks Einbringung von Zuschlagstoffen in das metallurgische Gefäß unter guter Einmischung in die Schmelze ist zweckmäßig die Anlage mit einer gegen die Schmelzleitrinne gerichteten Zuschlagstoffe-Chargiereinrichtung ausgestattet, wobei eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die Zuschlagstoffe-Chargiereinrichtung als in dem Deckel des metallurgischen Gefäßes angeordnetes und gegen die Schmelzleitrinne gerichtetes Zuführrohr ausgebildet ist.For the purpose of introducing additives into the metallurgical vessel with thorough mixing into the melt, the system is expediently equipped with an aggregate charging device directed against the melt guide channel, a preferred embodiment being characterized in that the aggregate charging device is arranged as in the lid of the metallurgical vessel and feed pipe directed against the melt guide channel.

Zur Vermeidung eines Gasaustrittes aus der Anlage bzw. zwecks Erzielung einer einwandfreien Gasüberleitung vom metallurgischen Gefäß in das Schmelzgefäß ist vorteilhaft zwischen der Abstichöffnung des Schmelzgefäßes und der Eingießöffnung des metallurgischen Gefäßes eine Dichtung vorgesehen, wobei zweckmäßig die Dichtung als die Abstichöffnung umgebender und am oberen Ende der Schmelzleitrinne aufsitzender und von außen einsetzbarer Dichteinsatz ausgebildet ist.To avoid gas leakage from the system or to achieve a perfect gas transfer from the metallurgical vessel into the melting vessel, it is advantageous between the tap opening of the A seal is provided in the melting vessel and the pouring opening of the metallurgical vessel, the seal advantageously being designed as a sealing insert which surrounds the tap opening and is seated at the upper end of the melting guide channel and can be used from the outside.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Dichteinsatz hufeisenförmig und dem oberen Ende der Schmelzleitrinne angepaßt ausgebildet ist.A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the sealing insert is horseshoe-shaped and is adapted to the upper end of the fusible channel.

Die Dichtung läßt sich in einfacher Weise einsetzen, wenn der Dichteinsatz einen keilförmigen, sich zum Inneren des metallurgischen Gefäßes verjüngenden Querschnitt aufweist, dessen zueinander geneigte Flächen an korrespondierenden Gegenflächen des Schmelzgefäßes und des oberen Endes der Schmelzleitrinne anliegen.The seal can be used in a simple manner if the sealing insert has a wedge-shaped cross section tapering towards the interior of the metallurgical vessel, the mutually inclined surfaces of which lie against corresponding mating surfaces of the melting vessel and the upper end of the fusing channel.

Um einen einfachen Zusammenbau der Anlage bzw. eine einfache Wartung derselben zu ermöglichen, ist vorteilhaft das Schmelzgefäß zweiteilig ausgebildet, u.zw. umfaßt es einen ortsfesten Schachtteil und einen auf einem fahrbaren Wagen heb- und senkbar abgestützten Bodenteil, an dem die Abstichöffnung vorgesehen ist, wobei zweckmäßig im Bodenteil mindestens eine Ebene von Brennern und im Schachtteil mindestens eine Ebene von Brennern vorgesehen sind.In order to enable simple assembly of the system or simple maintenance of the same, the melting vessel is advantageously formed in two parts, etc. It comprises a stationary shaft part and a base part which can be raised and lowered on a mobile carriage and on which the tap opening is provided, with at least one level of burners being expediently provided in the base part and at least one level of burners being provided in the shaft part.

Um eine Überhitzung der im Bodenteil angeordneten Brenner bzw. der diese umgebenden Ausmauerung auszuschließen, ist vorteilhaft der Bodenteil topfförmig gestaltet und ist die seitlich von dessen Boden aufragende Seitenwand zumindest in einem Teilbereich, in dem die Brenner vorgesehen sind, sich nach oben verjüngend ausgebildet, wobei die Neigung dieser Teilbereiche der Seitenwand geringer ist als die Neigung der an diese Seitenwand nach oben anschließenden Seitenwand.In order to rule out overheating of the burners arranged in the base part or the lining surrounding them, the base part is advantageously pot-shaped and the side wall projecting laterally from its base is tapered at least in a partial area in which the burners are provided, whereby the inclination of these partial areas of the side wall is less than the inclination of the side wall adjoining this side wall upwards.

Ein vorteilhaftes Verfahren zum Herstellen von Metallschmelze, insbesondere von Stahl, mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schmelze aus dem Schmelzgefäß kontinuierlich in das metallurgische Gefäß gefördert und nach einer Feinungsbehandlung aus dem metallurgischen Gefäß diskontinuierlich abgezogen wird.An advantageous method for producing molten metal, in particular steel, with a plant according to the invention is characterized in that the melt flows continuously from the melting vessel the metallurgical vessel is conveyed and, after a refining treatment, is withdrawn discontinuously from the metallurgical vessel.

Hierbei erfolgt eine gezielt gute Durchmischung der in das metallurgische Gefäß eintretenden Schmelze mit der bereits im metallurgischen Gefäß vorhandenen Schmelze dadurch, daß die Schmelze in den im metallurgischen Gefäß vorhandenen Schmelzensumpf vom Randbereich in etwa zum Zentrum gerichtet einströmen gelassen wird.A targeted thorough mixing of the melt entering the metallurgical vessel with the melt already present in the metallurgical vessel takes place in that the melt is allowed to flow into the melt sump present in the metallurgical vessel from the edge region approximately towards the center.

Vorteilhaft werden die im metallurgischen Gefäß sich bildenden Gase über die Abstichöffnung aus dem metallurgischen Gefäß im Gegenstrom zum Schmelzenfluß abgezogen und in das Schmelzgefäß eingeleitet, wodurch der Wärmeinhalt der abgezogenen Gase unmittelbar und nahezu verlustfrei dem im Schmelzgefäß eingebrachten Chargiergut zugute kommt.The gases which form in the metallurgical vessel are advantageously drawn off from the metallurgical vessel in countercurrent to the melt flow via the tap opening and introduced into the melting vessel, as a result of which the heat content of the extracted gases benefits the charge material introduced into the melting vessel directly and almost without loss.

Durch Zugabe von Zuschlagstoffen in den Schmelzenfluß, während dieser die Schmelzleitrinne passiert, ist eine gute Durchmischung der Zuschlagstoffe mit der bereits im metallurgischen Gefäß vorhandenen Schmelze sichergestellt.By adding additives to the melt flow as it passes the melt guide channel, thorough mixing of the additives with the melt already present in the metallurgical vessel is ensured.

Zur Sicherstellung einer Temperaturstabilität und zur Vermeidung des Zufrierens der Schmelzleitrinne wird der Schmelzenfluß während des Passierens der Schmelzleitrinne erhitzt.To ensure temperature stability and to prevent the melt guide channel from freezing, the melt flow is heated as it passes through the melt guide channel.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert, wobei Fig. 1 eine Anlage zum Herstellen von Stahl im Schnitt veranschaulicht. Fig. 2 stellt einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie II-II der Fig. 1 und Fig. 3 einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie III-III der Fig. 1 dar.The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing, wherein Fig. 1 illustrates a plant for the production of steel in section. FIG. 2 shows a section along the line II-II of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 shows a section along the line III-III of FIG. 1.

Mit 1 ist ein ortsfest abgestütztes Schmelzgefäß bezeichnet, das aus zwei Teilen zusammengesetzt ist, u.zw. einem oberen, einen Schachtteil 2 des Schmelzgefäßes bildenden Teil, der über einen diesen Teil ringförmig umgebenden hohlen Rahmen 3 an einer Bühne 4 ortsfest befestigt ist, und einem Bodenteil 5, der auf einem auf der Bühne 4 verfahrbaren Wagen 6 ruht. Dieser Bodenteil 5 ist mittels einer Hubeinrichtung 7 am Wagen 6 höhenverstellbar abgestützt und kann mittels der Hubeinrichtung gegen den Schachtteil 2 bewegt werden. Die Verbindung zwischen Bodenteil 5 und Schachtteil 2 erfolgt über an diesen Teilen an den aneinanderstoßenden Endflächen vorgesehene Flansche 8, 9, die miteinander verschraubt werden.1 with a stationary supported melting vessel is referred to, which is composed of two parts, etc. an upper part, forming a shaft part 2 of the melting vessel, which is fixed in a stationary manner to a stage 4 via a hollow frame 3 surrounding this part, and a bottom part 5, which is mounted on a carriage 6 which can be moved on the stage 4 rests. This base part 5 is supported in a height-adjustable manner on the carriage 6 by means of a lifting device 7 and can be moved against the shaft part 2 by means of the lifting device. The connection between base part 5 and shaft part 2 takes place via flanges 8, 9 provided on these parts on the abutting end faces, which are screwed together.

Sowohl der Boden- 5 als auch der Schachtteil 2 weisen jeweils einen Metallaußenmantel 10 auf und sind innenseitig mit einer feuerfesten Auskleidung 11 versehen. Im Schachtteil 2 sind die Wand durchragende Brenner 12 bzw. ein sauerstoffhältiges Gas zuführende Einrichtungen in vorzugsweise zwei oder mehreren Ebenen vorgesehen, deren Versorgungsleitungen durch den hohlen Rahmen 3 hindurchgeführt sind. Am oberen, nicht dargestellten Ende des Schachtteiles ist eine Chargiereinrichtung angeordnet.Both the bottom 5 and the shaft part 2 each have a metal outer jacket 10 and are provided on the inside with a refractory lining 11. In the shaft part 2, burners 12 projecting through the wall or devices supplying oxygen-containing gas are preferably provided in two or more levels, the supply lines of which are led through the hollow frame 3. A charging device is arranged at the upper end of the shaft part, not shown.

Im Bodenteil 5 sind ebenfalls Brenner 13 in mindestens einer Ebene vorgesehen. Der Bodenteil 5 des Schachtofens 1 ist topfförmig ausgebildet, wobei sich die Ebene der Brenner 13 in der vom Boden 14 aufragenden Seitenwand 15 des Bodenteiles 5 befindet. Diese Seitenwand 15 ist in Höhe der Brenner 13 kegelförmig, sich nach oben verjüngend ausgestaltet. Die Neigung der Seitenwand 15 in Höhe der Brenner 13 ist geringer als die der oberhalb dieser Seitenwand 15 anschließenden Wand des Schmelzgefäßes 1, die beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel vom Schachtteil 2 gebildet wird. Hierdurch wird zwischen der die Brenner 13 aufweisenden Seitenwand 15 des Bodenteiles 5 und dem Einsatz 17 des Schmelzofens ein Hohlraum bzw. Freiraum 16 gebildet, der eine Überhitzung der Brenner 13 bzw. der die Brenner umgebenden feuerfesten Auskleidung 11 verhindert. Die Seitenwand 15 könnte zur Bildung des Freiraumes 16 auch stufenförmig ausgebildet sein.Burners 13 are also provided in the bottom part 5 in at least one plane. The bottom part 5 of the shaft furnace 1 is pot-shaped, the level of the burner 13 being in the side wall 15 of the bottom part 5 rising from the bottom 14. This side wall 15 is conical at the level of the burner 13, and tapers upwards. The inclination of the side wall 15 at the level of the burners 13 is less than that of the wall of the melting vessel 1 adjoining this side wall 15, which is formed by the shaft part 2 in the exemplary embodiment shown. As a result, a cavity or free space 16 is formed between the side wall 15 of the base part 5 having the burners 13 and the insert 17 of the melting furnace, which prevents the burners 13 or the refractory lining 11 surrounding the burners from overheating. The side wall 15 could also be stepped to form the free space 16.

Der Bodenteil 5 weist einen seitlich über die Seitenwand 15 vorragenden Erker 18 auf, in den ein vom Boden 14 ausgehender, leicht fallend angeordneter und radial gerichteter Ausgießkanal 19 mündet. Dieser Ausgießkanal geht in einen steil nach unten gerichteten Kanalteil 20 über, an dessen Ende sich die Abstichöffnung 21 befindet. Die feuerfeste Auskleidung 11 des Schachtofens 1 setzt sich in den Erker 18 fort. Der Ausgießkanal ist mit einem hochverschleißfesten Material 22, wie Keramik, ausgekleidet.The base part 5 has an oriel 18 projecting laterally beyond the side wall 15, into which a pouring channel 19, which starts from the base 14 and is arranged in a slightly falling and radially directed manner, opens out. This pouring channel merges into a steeply downwardly directed channel part 20, at the end of which the tap opening 21 is located. The refractory lining 11 of the shaft furnace 1 continues into the oriel 18. The pouring channel is lined with a highly wear-resistant material 22, such as ceramic.

Seitlich neben dem Schmelzgefäß 1 und auf einem Niveau unterhalb desselben ist ein als Elektroofen ausgebildetes metallurgisches Gefäß 23 zum Raffinieren der vom Schmelzgefäß 1 über die Abstichöffnung 21 in das metallurgische Gefäß 23 einströmenden Schmelze 24 angeordnet. Dieses Gefäß 23 weist einen gewölbten Bodenteil 25 auf, der über Pratzen 26 oder einen Rahmen an am Fundament ortsfest angeordneten Ständern 27 starr, d.h. unbeweglich, abgestützt ist. Dieser Bodenteil 25 ist von einem Metallaußenmantel 28 und einer feuerfesten Auskleidung 29 gebildet, und er weist nicht näher dargestellte Abstiche für Schlacke und Stahlschmelze sowie einen Notabstich am tiefsten Gefäßpunkt auf.A metallurgical vessel 23 designed as an electric furnace for refining the melt 24 flowing into the metallurgical vessel 23 from the melting vessel 1 via the tap opening 21 is arranged to the side of the melting vessel 1 and at a level below it. This vessel 23 has a curved base part 25, which is rigid via claws 26 or a frame on stands 27 arranged in a fixed manner on the foundation, i.e. immobile, supported. This bottom part 25 is formed by a metal outer jacket 28 and a refractory lining 29, and it has tapping for slag and molten steel, not shown, and an emergency tapping at the lowest point of the vessel.

Auf dem Bodenteil 25 des metallurgischen Gefäßes 23 ruht ein aus vorzugsweise wassergekühlten Paneelen gebildeter ringförmiger Seitenwandmantel 30, der von einem aus wassergekühlten Rohren gebildeten Deckel 31 dicht verschlossen ist. Durch Öffnungen des Deckels 31 ragen schematisch dargestellte Elektroden in das Innere des metallurgischen Gefäßes 23.On the base part 25 of the metallurgical vessel 23 rests an annular side wall jacket 30, which is formed from preferably water-cooled panels and is tightly closed by a cover 31 formed from water-cooled pipes. Electrodes, shown schematically, project through openings in the lid 31 into the interior of the metallurgical vessel 23.

Die Anordnung des metallurgischen Gefäßes 23 zum Schmelzgefäß 1 ist derart getroffen, daß der Seitenwandmantel 30 des metallurgischen Gefäßes 23 in etwa vertikal unterhalb der Abstichöffnung 21 des Schmelzgefäßes 1 zu liegen kommt. Im Bereich unterhalb der Abstichöffnung 21 des Schmelzgefäßes 1 ist das metallurgische Gefäß 23 mit einer nach außen geneigten und eine Eingießöffnung 32 bildenden Schmelzleitrinne 33 versehen, die mit einer Schicht aus hochverschleißfestem Material 34, wie Keramik, die auf einem Futter von feuerfestem Material 35 ruht, ausgekleidet ist. Die Auskleidung 34 endet oberhalb der maximalen Höhe des Schmelzenbadspiegels.The arrangement of the metallurgical vessel 23 to the melting vessel 1 is such that the side wall jacket 30 of the metallurgical vessel 23 comes to lie approximately vertically below the tap opening 21 of the melting vessel 1. In the area below the tap opening 21 of the melting vessel 1, the metallurgical vessel 23 is provided with an outwardly inclined melting channel 33 which forms a pouring opening 32 and which is covered with a layer of highly wear-resistant material 34, such as ceramic, which rests on a lining of refractory material 35, is lined. The lining 34 ends above the maximum height of the melt pool level.

Die Anordnung der Schmelzleitrinne 33 ist so getroffen, daß der aus dem Schmelzgefäß 1 austretende Schmelzenfluß, der durch den Pfeil 36 veranschaulicht ist, unter spitzem Winkel auf die Schmelzleitrinne 33 auftrifft, wodurch ein im wesentlichen spritzfreier Einlauf in das metallurgische Gefäß 23 gewährleistet ist. Die Schmelzleitrinne 33 ist am unteren Ende 37 gekrümmt bzw. leicht geknickt ausgebildet, wobei die Neigung der Schmelzleitrinne gegen ihr Ende hin flacher wird. Hierdurch gelingt es unter Ausnützung der kinetischen Energie des Schmelzenflusses 36, eine gezielte Umlenkung des Schmelzenflusses und damit eine gute Durchmischung der neu zuströmenden Schmelze mit dem im metallurgischen Gefäß befindlichen Schmelzenbad 24 zu erzielen, wie dies durch die Pfeile 38 angedeutet ist.The arrangement of the melt guide channel 33 is such that the melt flow emerging from the melt vessel 1, which is illustrated by the arrow 36, strikes the melt guide channel 33 at an acute angle, thereby ensuring an essentially splash-free entry into the metallurgical vessel 23. The fusible channel 33 is curved or slightly bent at the lower end 37, the inclination of the fusible channel becoming flatter towards its end. This makes it possible, by utilizing the kinetic energy of the melt flow 36, to achieve a targeted deflection of the melt flow and thus good mixing of the newly flowing melt with the melt bath 24 located in the metallurgical vessel, as indicated by the arrows 38.

Zwischen dem oberen Ende der Schmelzleitrinne 33 und dem unteren Ende des Erkers 18 ist von außen eine Dichtung 39 eingepaßt, die einen sich zum Inneren des metallurgischen Gefäßes 23 verjüngenden keilförmigen Querschnitt aufweist und mit ihren gegeneinander geneigten Flächen an korrespondierenden Gegenflächen des Erkers und des oberen Endes der Schmelzleitrinne anliegt.Between the upper end of the fusible guide channel 33 and the lower end of the oriel 18, a seal 39 is fitted from the outside, which has a wedge-shaped cross section tapering towards the inside of the metallurgical vessel 23 and with its mutually inclined surfaces on corresponding counter surfaces of the oriel and the upper end the melt guide channel is in contact.

In dem Deckel 31 des metallurgischen Gefäßes 23 sind im Bereich des Erkers 18 Brenner 40 vorgesehen, die gegen die Schmelzleitrinne 33 gerichtet sind und zum Erhitzen derselben und Erzielen einer Temperaturstabilität dienen, so daß sich in der Schmelzleitrinne 33 keine Ansätze bilden können. Weiters ist in diesem Bereich mindestens ein Zuführrohr 41 zur Zugabe von Zuschlägen vorgesehen, das von oben durch den Deckel 31 ragt und ebenfalls gegen die Schmelzleitrinne 33 gerichtet ist.In the cover 31 of the metallurgical vessel 23, in the area of the oriel 18, burners 40 are provided, which are directed against the fusible guide channel 33 and serve to heat the same and achieve temperature stability, so that no deposits can form in the fusing channel 33. Furthermore, in this area at least one feed pipe 41 is provided for adding additives, which projects through the cover 31 from above and is likewise directed against the melt guide channel 33.

Das metallurgische Gefäß 23 kann auch mit weiteren Erdgas/O₂-Brennern, Bodenspülelementen sowie Öffnungen für Meßlanzen bzw. weitere Zuschlagstoffe ausgerüstet sein.The metallurgical vessel 23 can also be equipped with further natural gas / O₂ burners, floor flushing elements and openings for measuring lances or other additives.

Im metallurgischen Gefäß 23 entstehende Gase gelangen vorzugsweise ausschließlich über die Abstichöffnung21 und den Ausgießkanal 19, 20, deren Querschnitte wesentlich größer sind als der Querschnitt des aus dem Schmelzgefäß austretenden Schmelzenflusses 36, direkt in das Schmelzgefäß 1, durchströmen den Einsatz 17 desselben unter Abgabe ihres Wärmeinhalts und werden am oberen Ende des Schmelzgefäßes über eine nicht dargestellte Gasableiteinrichtung abgezogen.Gases generated in the metallurgical vessel 23 preferably pass exclusively through the tap opening 21 and the pouring channel 19, 20, the cross sections of which are substantially larger than the cross section of the from the Melting vessel 36 emerging melt flow, directly into the melting vessel 1, flow through the insert 17 of the same with release of their heat content and are drawn off at the upper end of the melting vessel via a gas discharge device, not shown.

Claims (23)

  1. A plant for the production of molten metals, in particular steel, comprising a melting vessel (1) and a metallurgical vessel (23) receiving the melt (24) from the melting vessel (1) for aftertreating the melt (24) and closed by a lid (31), the melting vessel (1) including a tap opening (21) for the melt (24) arranged on the bottom level (14) of the melting vessel (1) and located at the periphery of the melting vessel (1), which tap opening is positioned above a pour-in opening (32) of the metallurgical vessel (23), characterised in that the pour-in opening (32) of the metallurgical vessel (23) following the melting vessel (1) is provided above a melt guiding chute (33) arranged within the metallurgical vessel (23).
  2. A plant according to claim 1, characterised in that the melt guiding chute (33) is inclined in the region of contact with the melt (24) entering the metallurgical vessel (23), the melt flow (36) emerging from the melting vessel (1) being directed towards the melt guiding chute (33) at an acute angle.
  3. A plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the melt guiding chute, at least in the lower region (37) is designed to be curved or bent towards the center of the metallurgical vessel (23) in the longitudinal direction by decreasing in inclination.
  4. A plant according to one or several of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the melt guiding chute (33) is integral with the side wall (30) of the metallurgical vessel (23).
  5. A plant according to one or several of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the pour-in opening (32) of the metallurgical vessel (23) protrudes beyond the periphery of the metallurgical vessel (23).
  6. A plant according to claim 5, characterised in that the melt guiding chute (33) is designed as a structural component cantilevering beyond the periphery of the metallurgical vessel (23) and departing from the pour-in opening (32).
  7. A plant according to one or several of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the tap opening (21) of the melting vessel (1) is provided in an oriel (18) laterally cantilevering from the melting vessel (1) and has a cross section larger than the cross section of the melt flow (36) emerging from the melting vessel, the tap opening (21) closely following upon the pour-in opening (32) of the metallurgical vessel (23).
  8. A plant according to one or several of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that both the tap opening (21) and the melt guiding chute (33) are lined with a highly wear-resistant material (22, 34), such as ceramics.
  9. A plant according to one or several of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that at least one burner (40) is provided in the region of the tap opening (21) - pour-in opening (32), which burner is directed towards the melt guiding chute (33).
  10. A plant according to one or several of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the plant is equipped with a flux charging means (41) directed towards the melt guiding chute (33).
  11. A plant according to claim 10, characterised in that the flux charging means is designed as a supply pipe (41) arranged in the lid (31) of the metallurgical vessel (23) and directed towards the melt guiding chute.
  12. A plant according to one or several of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that a seal (39) is provided between the tap opening (21) of the melting vessel (1) and the pour-in opening (32) of the metallurgical vessel (23).
  13. A plant according to claim 12, characterised in that the seal (39) is designed as a seal insert to be inserted from outside, which surrounds the tap opening (21) and rests on the upper end of the melt guiding chute (33).
  14. A plant according to claim 13, characterised in that the seal insert is designed like a horseshoe and adapted to the upper end of the melt guiding chute (33).
  15. A plant according to one or several of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that the seal insert has a wedge-shaped cross section tapering towards the interior of the metallurgical vessel (23) and whose relatively inclined surfaces abut on corresponding counter surfaces of the melting vessel (1) and of the upper end of the melt guiding chute (33).
  16. A plant according to one or several of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the melting vessel (1) is designed in two parts, i.e. a stationary shaft part (2) and a bottom part (5) liftably and lowerably supported on a displaceable car (6), the tap opening (21) being provided on said bottom part.
  17. A plant according to claim 16, characterised in that at least one plane of burners (13) is provided in that bottom part (5) and at least one plane of burners (12) is provided in the shaft part (1).
  18. A plant according to claim 17, charcterised in that the bottom part (5) is designed like a pot and the side wall (15) rising laterally from its bottom (14) is designed to taper upwardly at least in the partial region in which the burners (13) are provided, the inclination of these partial regions of the side wall (15) being slighter than the inclination of the side wall following upon this side wall (15) upwards.
  19. A process for the production of a metal melt, in particular of steel, with an arrangement according to one or several of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that the melt is continuously conveyed from the melting vessel (1) into the metallurgical vessel (23) and is discontinuously drawn off the metallurgical vessel (23) after a refining treatment.
  20. A process according to claim 19, characterised in that the melt is allowed to stream into the melt sump (24) present in the metallurgical vessel (23) from the marginal region and in a manner directed approximately towards the center.
  21. A process according to claim 19 or 20, characterised in that the gases forming in the metallurgical vessel (23) are withdrawn from the metallurgical vessel through the tap opening (21) in countercurrent to the melt flow (36) and are introduced into the melting vessel (1).
  22. A process according to one or several of claims 19 to 21, characterised in that fluxes are added to the melt flow (36) during passing of the melt guiding chute (33).
  23. A process according to one or several of claims 19 to 22, characterised in that the melt flow is heated during passing of the melt guiding chute (33).
EP91890282A 1990-11-19 1991-11-15 Plant for the production of molten metals Expired - Lifetime EP0487494B1 (en)

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AT0233290A AT395656B (en) 1990-11-19 1990-11-19 SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID METALS
AT2332/90 1990-11-19

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US5238484A (en) 1993-08-24
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ZA919120B (en) 1992-08-26
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JPH0518670A (en) 1993-01-26
CA2055737A1 (en) 1992-05-20
EP0487494A1 (en) 1992-05-27
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AT395656B (en) 1993-02-25
AU8780591A (en) 1992-05-21

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