EP0487157A1 - A process and apparatus for preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel - Google Patents
A process and apparatus for preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0487157A1 EP0487157A1 EP91202992A EP91202992A EP0487157A1 EP 0487157 A1 EP0487157 A1 EP 0487157A1 EP 91202992 A EP91202992 A EP 91202992A EP 91202992 A EP91202992 A EP 91202992A EP 0487157 A1 EP0487157 A1 EP 0487157A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- restriction
- gas
- gases
- radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel.
- Finely divided solid carbon-containing fuels are applied in processes for the preparation of synthesis gas by the partial combustion of a finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel with an oxygen-containing gas in a reactor wherein liquid slag formed during the partial combustion process is removed through an outlet in the bottom of the reactor and passed by gravity through a slag discharge means into a water bath or slag quenching vessel where it is solidified by quenching.
- The partial combustion of finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel with substantially pure oxygen as oxygen-containing gas yields synthesis gas mainly consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. When the oxygen-containing gas is air or oxygen-enriched air, the synthesis gas formed of course also contains a substantial quantity of nitrogen. By finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel is generally meant coal or another solid fuel, such as brown coal, peat, wood, coke, soot etc., but mixtures of liquid or gas and particulate solid fuels, are also possible.
- Advantageously, a moderator is also introduced into the reactor. The object of the moderator is to exercise a moderating effect on the temperature on the reactor. This is ensured by endothermic reaction between the moderator and the reactants and/or products of the synthesis gas preparation. Suitable moderators are steam and carbon dioxide.
- The gasification is advantageously carried out at a temperature in the range from 1200 to 1700 °C and at a pressure in the range from 1 to 200 bar.
- The reactor in which the preparation of synthesis gas takes place may have any suitable shape.
- The supply of finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel and oxygen-containing gas to the reactor can take place in any manner suitable for the purpose and will not be described in detail.
- Liquid slag formed in the partial combustion reaction drops down and is drained through the outlet located in the reactor bottom.
- In partial oxidation processes of finely divided solid carbon-containing fuels, such as for example coal gasification, the fuel is fed from a supply device to a gasifier by means of a suitable carrier fluid.
- The hot product gas usually contains sticky particles which lose their stickiness upon cooling.
- The sticky particles in the hot product gas will cause problems in the plant where the product gas is further processed, since undesirable deposits of the particles on, for example, walls, valves or outlets will adversely affect the process. Moreover, such deposits are very hard to remove. The sticky particles may be partly or completely in the molten state; they may comprise metals, salts or ashes, and, in general, these particles lose their stickiness at a temperature below about 800 °C.
- Therefore, conventionally the hot product gas is quenched in a quench section which is located above the product outlet on top of the reactor. In the quench section a suitable quench medium such as for example water or a gas is introduced into the product gas in order to cool the product gas.
- Another possibility is not to apply a quench section, but to locate a radiation or convection cooler above or next to the reactor.
- However, in such an arrangement the cooled gases will still flow backwards to the reactor.
- It is an object of the invention to provide a process and apparatus for coal gasification wherein the backflow and downflow of cooled gases to the reactor are avoided.
- The invention therefore provides a process for preparing synthesis gas comprising the steps of partial oxidation of a finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel with an oxygen-containing gas in an upflow reactor, cooling the gases leaving the reactor at its top in a radiation or convection cooler located above the reactor, characterized in that a restriction or neck has been provided between the reactor outlet and the inlet of the radiation cooler; and wherein the gas velocity in the restriction is at least 2 and maximum 30 times higher than the superficial upward velocity of the gases in the reactor.
- The invention further provides an apparatus for carrying out the above partial oxidation process, said apparatus comprising an upflow reactor vessel having an outlet for the product gas at its top, a slag outlet at its bottom, one or more burners in its side wall, wherein a radiation or convection cooler is located above the reactor, characterized in that a restriction or neck has been provided between the outlet of the reactor and the inlet of the radiation cooler, and wherein the gas velocity in the restriction is at least 2 and maximum 30 times higher than the superficial upward velocity of the gases in the reactor.
- Advantageously, the gas velocity in the restriction is 3-15 times higher than the superficial upward velocity of the gases in the reactor.
- The superficial velocity is defined as the net gas flow in cubic metres per second at the prevailing pressure and temperature divided by the cross-section of the reactor. The superficial velocity can be calculated in any way suitable for the purpose by those skilled in the art taking into account recirculations in the reactor.
- The invention will now be described by way of example in more detail by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which the figure represents schematically a longitudinal section of a reactor design of the invention.
- Referring now to the figure, an upflow reactor vessel 1 has been shown The reactor vessel 1 is provided with a
slag outlet 2 at its bottom, a plurality ofburners 3, agas outlet 4 at its top and a radiation cooler or convection cooler 5 comprising aninlet 5a above thereactor outlet 4. Advantageously, theburners 3 are located on the same horizontal level at circumferential spaced points. - The gases leaving the reactor are cooled in the radiation or convection cooler located above the reactor.
- It will be appreciated that the radiation cooler can be provided with a finned cooled section perpendicular to the wall of the radiation cooler.
- Between the upflow entrained reactor 1 and the
radiation cooler 5 a restriction orneck 6 is provided in order to prevent the cooled gases to flow backwards, or downwards into the reactor. - The gas velocity in the restriction is at least 2 and maximum 30 times higher than the superficial upward velocity of the gases in the reactor.
- In advantageous embodiments of the invention the diameters A and C of the reactor and the radiation cooler are 2-3 metres, advantageously 2.5 metres and the diameter B of the restriction is 0.8-1.2 metre, advantageously 1 metre, whereas the superficial velocity D in the reactor is 0.8-1.2 m/s, advantageously about 1 m/s, the superficial velocity in the restriction is 3-15 m/s, advantageously about 6.25 m/s and the height H of the reactor is 5-10 metres, advantageously 7 metres.
- Various modifications of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and accompanying drawings. Such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
- A process for preparing synthesis gas comprising the steps of partial oxidation of a finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel with an oxygen-containing gas in an upflow reactor, cooling the gases leaving the reactor at its top in a radiation or convection cooler located above the reactor, characterized in that a restriction or neck has been provided between the reactor outlet and the inlet of the radiation cooler; and wherein the gas velocity in the restriction is at least 2 and maximum 30 times higher than the superficial upward velocity of the gases in the reactor.
- The process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the gas velocity in the restriction is 3-15 times higher than the superficial upward velocity of the gases in the reactor.
- An apparatus for carrying out the partial oxidation process as claimed in claims 1 or 2, said apparatus comprising an upflow reactor vessel having an outlet for the product gas at its top, a slag outlet at its bottom, a plurality of burners in its side wall, wherein a radiation or convection cooler is located above the reactor, characterized in that a restriction or neck has been provided between the outlet of the reactor and the inlet of the radiation cooler, and wherein the gas velocity in the restriction is at least 2 and maximum 30 times higher than the superficial upward velocity of the gases in the reactor.
- The apparatus as claimed in claim 3 characterized in that the radiation cooler comprises a radiant section provided with a finned cooling section perpendicular to the wall.
- The apparatus as claimed in claims 3 or 4 characterized in that the superficial gas velocity in the restriction is 3-15 m/s, advantageously about 6.25 m/s.
- The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 3-5 characterized in that the superficial gas velocity in the reactor is 0.8-1.2 m/s, advantageously about 1 m/s.
- The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 3-6 characterized in that the diameters of the reactor, the radiation cooler and the restriction are 2-3, 2-3 and 0.8-1.2 metres respectively.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9025077 | 1990-11-19 | ||
GB9025077A GB9025077D0 (en) | 1990-11-19 | 1990-11-19 | A process and apparatus for preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0487157A1 true EP0487157A1 (en) | 1992-05-27 |
EP0487157B1 EP0487157B1 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
Family
ID=10685589
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19910202992 Expired - Lifetime EP0487157B1 (en) | 1990-11-19 | 1991-11-18 | A process and apparatus for preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a finely divided solid carbon-containing fuel |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0487157B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2054492A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69107418T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2068493T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9025077D0 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7971296B2 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2011-07-05 | Thomas Hilfen Hilbeg Gmbh & Co. Kg | Stimulation actuator for moving supporting surfaces |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4328006A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1982-05-04 | Texaco Development Corporation | Apparatus for the production of cleaned and cooled synthesis gas |
EP0050863A1 (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1982-05-05 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Process of and apparatus for gasifying coals |
-
1990
- 1990-11-19 GB GB9025077A patent/GB9025077D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-10-29 CA CA002054492A patent/CA2054492A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-11-18 DE DE1991607418 patent/DE69107418T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-18 ES ES91202992T patent/ES2068493T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-18 EP EP19910202992 patent/EP0487157B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4328006A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1982-05-04 | Texaco Development Corporation | Apparatus for the production of cleaned and cooled synthesis gas |
EP0050863A1 (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1982-05-05 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Process of and apparatus for gasifying coals |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7971296B2 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2011-07-05 | Thomas Hilfen Hilbeg Gmbh & Co. Kg | Stimulation actuator for moving supporting surfaces |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69107418T2 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
GB9025077D0 (en) | 1991-01-02 |
DE69107418D1 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
EP0487157B1 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
CA2054492A1 (en) | 1992-05-20 |
ES2068493T3 (en) | 1995-04-16 |
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