EP0483158A1 - Anchoring and bedding method by using digging cross stays - Google Patents

Anchoring and bedding method by using digging cross stays

Info

Publication number
EP0483158A1
EP0483158A1 EP90908535A EP90908535A EP0483158A1 EP 0483158 A1 EP0483158 A1 EP 0483158A1 EP 90908535 A EP90908535 A EP 90908535A EP 90908535 A EP90908535 A EP 90908535A EP 0483158 A1 EP0483158 A1 EP 0483158A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
post
sealed
anchoring
concrete
threshing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90908535A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0483158B1 (en
Inventor
Maurice Liesse
Pierre Yves Guyard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0483158A1 publication Critical patent/EP0483158A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0483158B1 publication Critical patent/EP0483158B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/54—Piles with prefabricated supports or anchoring parts; Anchoring piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2207—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used
    • E04H12/2215—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground
    • E04H12/223—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground with movable anchoring elements; with separately driven anchor rods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of anchoring and sealing concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, plastic or other material for the installation and fixing of objects to be sealed (inserts, hooks, threaded rods, various posts, etc.), the new anchorage singling by its lightness facing its resistance to transverse forces and its resistance to thrust and vertical loads trac ⁇ .
  • the known seals are divided into three families, the first. requiring the shaping of a hole, the other two of the metal auxiliary components.
  • the first family uses the concrete or mortar mass and has the advantage of good resistance to vertical thrust and traction forces as well as to transverse forces, but has the disadvantages of requiring in addition to the shaping of the hole, preparation of concrete or mortar, possible placement, although very rare, of a reinforcement limited to the diameter of the shaped hole, maintaining in required position of the object or objects to be sealed during the placement with a concrete or mortar trowel, manual operations, long, painful and delicate since before having to be done without disrupting the positioning of the object or objects to be sealed, a minimum drying time of at least twenty-four hours (and, as a result , a vulnerability to theft or adjustment during the hardening time of the mortar or concrete), a strong transport constraint for materials and materials.
  • the second and third families use the rigidity of metal components introduced by force and have the advantage of being light, of being less restrictive for transport, of requiring neither hole shaping, nor preparation of concrete or mortar, neither trowel work, nor loss of time for drying or hardening of material, but have the drawbacks of requiring a high threshing power to obtain the penetration of metallic components and of having poor resistance to the vertical forces of traction and thrust despite excellent resistance to transverse forces obtained by wings repor ⁇ ted or integral with a sheath in the case of the second family or ob ⁇ held by anchor rods bearing on a base plate not buried and perpendicular to the axis of penetration of the object or objects to be sealed (inserts, hooks, threaded rods, various posts, 'etc ...), in the part of the third family.
  • the invention, object of the present intends not only to remedy the drawbacks of the above anchors, but to preserve and even increase the advantages specific to each of the seals.
  • the invention widens the performance of concrete and reinforced concrete seals by using digging braces extending beyond the hole dug for the placement of concrete, using the mechanical qualities of the compact and not expanded material found at- beyond the edges of the dug hole, by reducing the volume of concrete to be used due to the full use of the anchoring capacity obtained by the abovementioned transverse digging props, possibly eliminating the hardening times of the concrete or mortar, by using prefabricated studs, whether or not provided with perforations or notches (simple or with baffles) suitable for the installation of digging braces.
  • the invention requires a threshing power lower than that of known metal seals of the second family by presenting a developed surface of the lower leading edge thanks to the removal of the wings, and by dividing the total section of the components to be penetrated into the ground during a threshing, by carrying out the anchoring in several threshing of low power.
  • the invention ceases to favor ease of anchoring to the detriment of anchoring capacity, by distributing the anchoring forces simultaneously on three fronts or anchoring zones against a front for the metal seals of the first family and two fronts for metal seals of the second family, strongly displacing the center of gravity of the seal defined by the three aforementioned fronts towards the leading edge of the anchor, by rejecting the principle of articulated connection at one point of the metal seals of the third family to adopt on the contrary the principle of rigid connections with fixing at least two points, by refusing to locate at the top and offset from the object to seal the articulated connection of the metal seals of the third family for re ⁇ center on the threshing axis of said object, by refusing the principle of random directional threshing of several anchor rods without any reference between e them against that of threshing with controlled angular guidance taking the line of threshing axis of the object to be sealed as axis of symmetry.
  • FIG. 1 represents the part of an object to be sealed having an inner triangle profile capable of subsequently receiving a post, with a transverse stay for digging.
  • Figure 2 shows in section the aforementioned object to be sealed, with the virtual axis line of three props bridges.
  • FIG. 3 represents the part of an object to be sealed having a "H" profile, with a digging cross forestay and the virtual axis line of a second cross forestay, said object possibly being for example a post or the support of a pole.
  • Figure 4 shows in section an object to be sealed having an internal square profile capable of subsequently receiving a post, with the virtual axis line of four struts.
  • FIG. 5 represents the part of an object to be sealed having an internal rectangle profile suitable for subsequently receiving a post, with the virtual axis line of two crossing props crossing each other, said object possibly being for example a post or the support of a pole.
  • FIG. 6 represents the part of an object to be sealed having internal tubular reserves capable of guiding and maintaining transverse props at a required angle, with a transverse prop, said object being able for example to be an anchoring stud , a terminal or post section.
  • FIG. 7 represents, buried in the ground, the object to be sealed of FIGS. 1 and 2, a portion of post crossing said object, and a transverse stay for digging.
  • FIG. 8 represents, buried in the ground, the object to be sealed or stud of FIG. 6, a portion of post embedded on said object, a cross forestay keying the stud-stud assembly and sinking into the compact soil after having crossed the concrete filling the dug hole to put the said pad there.
  • FIG. 7 represents, buried in the ground, the object to be sealed of FIGS. 1 and 2, a portion of post crossing said object, and a transverse stay for digging.
  • FIG. 8 represents, buried in the ground, the object to be sealed or stud of FIG. 6, a portion of post embedded
  • 9 represents the part of a first object to be sealed having internal or external tubular reservations capable of guiding and ' maintaining, with or without an accessory such as a collar, cross props at a required angle and having a central reservation capable of receiving a second object such as a post, tube, etc., the first object possibly being, for example, an anchoring stud for the aforementioned second object.
  • FIG. 10 firstly represents the part of an object to be sealed having internal tubular reservations capable of guiding and maintain transverse stays at a required angle, secondly an attached collar used to offset the first point of penetration of the transverse forestay outside the object to be sealed and thirdly a transverse forestay.
  • 11 represents firstly the part of an object to be sealed whose tubular reserves are not yet used to guide and maintain transverse props at a required angle, secondly an attached collar used to offset the first point of penetration of the cross forestay outside the object to be sealed, thirdly the virtual axis of a cross forestay crossed in opposition in a plane parallel to that of the illustrated forestay, the object to be sealed being embedded in two different levels and benefiting from the large surface of said collar to resist the traction and thrust forces exerted on the anchor.
  • FIG. 12 represents firstly the part of an object to be sealed whose tubular reserves are not yet used to guide and maintain transverse props at a required angle, secondly an attached collar used to offset the first point of penetration of the ferryboat outside the object to be sealed, thirdly the virtual axis of a crossed forestay in opposition in a plane parallel to that of the illustrated forestay, the object to be sealed being both wedged on two faces by the collar, embedded _pax blocking between the two props traver ⁇ siers in opposition, embedded by the prop or props perpendicular to the latter, protected at its end by the leading edge of said collar able to be ballasted with concrete in the space separating its end from the internal face of the collar, and able to benefit from the large surface of said collar to resist the traction and thrust forces exerted on anchoring.
  • An anchoring according to the method of the invention implements the object to be sealed (1), the medium (2) in which the anchoring is to be carried out and one or more digging braces (3) integral with the object to be sealed at at least two points by means of direct perforations (4), tubular reservations (5), offset perforations (7), notches and open reservations (20), hooks or other components associated with collars (6 , 15, 13, 19) and any other means allowing a rigid connection.
  • the object to be sealed (I) can simultaneously consist of any material or combination of materials (wood, plastic, metal, concrete, etc.) and have the most diverse shapes, for example a tubular profile. triangle (8), square (9), rectangle (10), "H” shaped (figures 1, 2, 4, 5, 7), an open profile (figure 3), a solid section (figure 6), etc.
  • the medium to be sealed (2) can be of any kind, as long as it has sufficient lift or mechanical strength to allow the assembly made up of the aforementioned object to be sealed to withstand the required forces of traction and thrust.
  • the digging struts are preferably long and rigid, with a tapered end, the rigidity possibly being partial before introduction into a guide tool and installation in the aforementioned notches, perforations, reservations and collars, but becoming very large. from the shoulder at at least two points and from bracing by contact with the surrounding environment (2).
  • the props have a slender shape, a section of any profile (round rod, angle iron, etc.), and a length sufficient to simultaneously overflow the object to be sealed and maximum embedding in the surrounding environment (2) while retaining the rigidity and strength that really corresponds to the needs.
  • the props are advantageously assembled in groups, by two (Figure 3 and 5), by three ( Figure 2), by four ( Figure 4), these examples being given without limitation.
  • the stays are in direct contact with the useful sealing object ( Figures 3, 5 and 6) by biased tubular reservations (5) or notches (20) for the solid bodies and by perforations or notches (4) for the walls tubular or profiled with low thickness.
  • the struts are in indirect contact with the useful object to be sealed when they are involved in the creation of an intermediate piece, triangular sheath (8) in FIG. 1, 2 and 7, square sheath (9) in FIG. 4 , circular sheath (14) in FIG. 9, post (16) covering the sealing stud (1) in FIG. 8, collar (6) with simple embedding of the post (1) with offset of the perforations (7) of production of the props (3) in FIG.
  • the process of anchoring and sealing concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, plastic or other material for the installation and fixing of objects to be sealed is distinguished in that it has a great lightness in relation to its ability to withstand transverse forces, vertical thrust forces and vertical traction forces; in that it has an installation method in at least two specific phases, the first specific phase being con ⁇ sacred to the installation and / or threshing of the object to be sealed (insert, hook, collar, threaded rod, posts various, studs, etc ...) and the second specific phase being devoted to the guided and precise angular threshing of 1 props for digging (3) through the aforementioned object to be sealed (I) or the tutor now in final position of said object; in that the said crossings advantageously have a small section, any profile and are advantageously rigid before their threshing but necessarily rigid after their threshing; in that the junction of said
  • the first phase consists in poserv ⁇ n "hole (11) previously dug a post provided in its lower and peripheral part with several perforations, notches and reservations advantageously narrow and stepped able to receive under an angle approx mat e es as ravers ers e or ssage avan ageusemen ⁇ gides even before their threshing
  • the second phase consists in pouring concrete (12) around the post (16) to the point of covering the aforementioned perforations, notches and reservations and to fill the hole
  • the third phase consists in placing a temporary tool serving both as a means of adjusting the verticality and the depth of the post and then as a threshing guide for said struts
  • the fourth so-called specific phase consists in inserting into this threshing guide the props which have become absolutely rigid and subjecting them to the impacts of a mass to make them, at an angle defined by the tool but preferably close to 45 °, penetrate successively
  • the first so-called specific phase consists in introducing into the ground a post provided in its lower and peripheral part with several perforations, notches and advantageously narrow and stepped reservations, capable of receiving under a approximate angle of _-5 ° of the transverse digging struts, advantageously rigid, even before threshing;
  • the second phase consists in placing a temporary tool serving both as a means of adjusting the verticality and the depth of the post and then as a threshing guide for said stays;
  • the third so-called specific phase consists in inserting into this threshing guide the props which have therefore become absolutely rigid and subjecting them to the impacts of a mass to make them, at an angle defined by the tool but preferably close to 45 ° , penetrate successively into the ground, into the perforations, notches and stepped reservations of the post, then into the compact soil overcompacted by the penetration trat on u pole; a four p ase cons ste ut ser mm atement pole for large mechanical forces, the rigid props
  • the first phase consists in digging a small hole in the ground;
  • the second so-called specific phase consists in affixing a pad or stake, both prefabricated in any material, provided with biased perforations (5), notches (20) and reservoirs for subsequently receiving the props, and provided with a blind hole or not (14) adapted to the profile of the final object to be sealed (post for example);
  • the third phase consists in introducing said object or post into the prefabricated perforation for this purpose;
  • the fourth phase consists in adjusting the verticality and the depth of insertion of said object or post;
  • the fifth so-called specific phase consists in introducing into the biased perforations, notches and reservations of the aforementioned stakeholder, maintained in good position, propping beams which are advantageously rigid before even their introduction for threshing but which have become absolutely rigid after their introduction and subject them to the impacts of a mass to make them at an angle defined by the tool but preferably close to ⁇ 5 ° penetrate successively into the upper or middle part of the prefabricated
  • the third phase consists in installing a removable guide for adjusting the verticality and the depth of the object to be sealed (or post) in place of the object or definitive post, the aforementioned guide resting on the medium (2), while the sixth phase of this indirect installation consists in removing the aforementioned removable guide tool, in immediately or subsequently putting the object in place sealing, and securing said object with the prefabricated stake by any means integrated or not, for example, by screwing or wedging the object.
  • the second specific phase of guided and precise angular threshing of digging transverse props (3) through the object to be sealed (1) or of the stake now in definitive position said object is obtained by rigid overlapping in at least two points, one of these points being offset from the object to be sealed by a collar (6, 15, 13).
  • the second specific phase of guided and precise angular threshing of digging transverse props (3) through the object to be sealed (l) or the stake now in final position said object can be obtained by rigid shoulder at at least two points , one of these points being in direct extension of said object to be sealed, without accentuated offset, collar (19) closing a notch or open reservation (20) of a stud for example
  • the digging braces (3) simultaneously provide the anchoring function with a keying function of the useful object (said second object), on the object to be sealed (l) ( said first object), for example the indirect installation of a post Cleaning of the latter in a circular sheath or circular reservation (14) arranged in a stud (1), or for example the indirect installation of a post ( 16) by keying the latter over a stud (1).
  • FIG. 13 another embodiment of an object * to be sealed is shown, consisting of a molded metal body, 25, made of cast iron or the like. It has a tubular section, the upper part 26 of which forms a thick veil QU-e__t mu ⁇ nie de ribes, in the center of which is provided a fixing hole tapped or not, 27, each of its four faces is provided with two holes rough casting, for the passage of two cross props in opposite directions, or four props.
  • Said struts 28 being taken or not taken from standard commercial profiles made of the type: angle,,, Tee, I profile, in square or cylindrical section tube, or in solid bar of all standard sections whose dimensions are depending on the efforts to bear.
  • the free end of the digging braces is preferably pierced with an extraction hole when you want to make the seal removable.
  • FIG. 14 shows a variant of FIG. 13 in which the object to be sealed consists of a square section tube 30 of dimensions suitable for the forces to be supported. Said profile is made from a sheet in which the forestay holes have been punched before folding. The close edges of said square tube are joined or not by welding points.
  • the cross struts 31 are taken in profiles identical to those of FIG. 13.
  • the object to be sealed is made in the form of a tube of rectangular section, made of poured concrete, by means of '' automated production equipment with multiple molds, in which the passage holes of the props were reserved when the concrete was poured. The same ferry props as those in Figure 13 are used.
  • the process according to the invention offers great versatility as per- me t op t iMiser the procedures depending on the nature of soils, na ⁇ ture poles or objects to be sealed, the speed of the required work, possibility or not of returning to the installation site, the service life is ⁇ counted for the anchors.
  • the process targets all applications requiring anchoring or sealing and, among other things, spraying. All posts into the ground, laying of inserts in soft materials • stared soil t ion, securing boats or expense, the foundations of obje t s or t e cons ructions in the various building and industry.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'ancrage et de scellement permettant une excellente tenue mécanique aux efforts transversaux et verticaux tant à la poussée qu'à la traction. Le procédé met en oeuvre des étais traversiers de fouissage (3) solidaires en au moins deux points avec l'objet à sceller (1) et contreventés par le milieu environnant (2), lesdits étais (3) étant de forme quelconque mais avantageusement longilignes, effilés en pointe et rigides après battage angulaire réalisé sous un angle proche de 45° par un outil amovible ou intégré, le battage guidé permettant de retrouver en aveugle l'alignement de perforations (4), encoches ou réservations prévues à cet effet. Le procédé vise toutes les applications exigeant un ancrage ou scellement, pose de poteaux, d'inserts, fondations, arrimage, fixation des sols, etc....The invention relates to a method of anchoring and sealing allowing excellent mechanical resistance to transverse and vertical forces both in thrust and in traction. The method uses digging cross stays (3) integral at at least two points with the object to be sealed (1) and braced by the surrounding environment (2), said stays (3) being of any shape but advantageously slender , tapered to a point and rigid after angular beating carried out at an angle close to 45° by a removable or integrated tool, the guided beating making it possible to blindly find the alignment of perforations (4), notches or reservations provided for this purpose. The process is aimed at all applications requiring anchoring or sealing, installation of posts, inserts, foundations, stowage, fixing of floors, etc....

Description

PROCEDE D'ANCRAGE ET DE SCELLEMENT PAR ETAIS TRAVERSIERS DE FOUISSAGE METHOD OF ANCHORING AND SEALING BY CROSS STAYS OF EXCAVATION
L'invention concerne un procédé d'ancrage et de scellement béton, béton armé, métal, plastique ou autre matériau pour la pose et la fixation d'objets à sceller (inserts, crochets, tiges filetées, poteaux divers, etc) , le nouvel ancrage se singularisant par sa légèreté face à sa tenue aux efforts transversaux et sa tenue aux efforts verticaux de poussée et de trac¬ tion.The invention relates to a method of anchoring and sealing concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, plastic or other material for the installation and fixing of objects to be sealed (inserts, hooks, threaded rods, various posts, etc.), the new anchorage singling by its lightness facing its resistance to transverse forces and its resistance to thrust and vertical loads trac ¬.
Les scellements connus se partagent en trois familles, la première . exigeant le façonnage d'un trou, les deux autres des composants métalliques d'appoint.The known seals are divided into three families, the first. requiring the shaping of a hole, the other two of the metal auxiliary components.
La première famille met en oeuvre la masse de béton ou mortier et pré¬ sente l'avantage d'une bonne résistance aux efforts verticaux de poussée et de traction ainsi qu'aux efforts transversaux, mais présente les inconvé¬ nients de nécessiter en sus du façonnage du trou, la préparation du béton ou du mortier, la mise en place éventuelle bien que fort rare d'un ferrailla- ge limité au diamètre du trou façonné, le maintien en position requise du ou des objets à sceller pendant la mise en place à la truelle du béton ou du mortier, opérations manuelles, longues, pénibles et délicates puisque devant ' se faire sans dérégler le positionnement du ou des objets à sceller, un temps de séchage minimal d'au moins vingt quatre heures (et, par contrecoup, une vulnérabilité au vol ou au déréglage pendant le temps de durcissement du mortier ou du béton), une forte contrainte de transport pour les maté¬ riaux et les matériels.The first family uses the concrete or mortar mass and has the advantage of good resistance to vertical thrust and traction forces as well as to transverse forces, but has the disadvantages of requiring in addition to the shaping of the hole, preparation of concrete or mortar, possible placement, although very rare, of a reinforcement limited to the diameter of the shaped hole, maintaining in required position of the object or objects to be sealed during the placement with a concrete or mortar trowel, manual operations, long, painful and delicate since before having to be done without disrupting the positioning of the object or objects to be sealed, a minimum drying time of at least twenty-four hours (and, as a result , a vulnerability to theft or adjustment during the hardening time of the mortar or concrete), a strong transport constraint for materials and materials.
La deuxième et la troisième famille mettent en oeuvre la rigidité de composants métalliques introduits en force et présentent l'avantage d'être légers, d'être moins contraignants pour le transport, de ne nécessiter ni façonnage de trou, ni préparation de béton ou de mortier, ni travail à la truelle, ni perte de temps pour séchage ou durcissement de matériau, mais présentent les inconvénients de nécessiter une forte puissance de battage pour obtenir la pénétration des composants métalliques et d'avoir une mau¬ vaise résistance aux efforts verticaux de traction et de poussée malgré une excellente résistance aux efforts transversaux obtenue par des ailes rappor¬ tées ou solidaires d'un fourreau dans le cas dé la deuxième famille ou ob¬ tenue par des tiges d'ancrage prenant appui sur une plaque d'embase non en- fouie et perpendiculaire à l'axe de pénétration du ou des objets à sceller (inserts, crochets, tiges filetées, poteaux divers,' etc...), dans le cadre de la troisième famille. L'invention, objet des présentes, entend non seulement porter remède aux inconvénients des ancrages précités, mais préserver et même accroître les avantages propres à chacun des scellements.The second and third families use the rigidity of metal components introduced by force and have the advantage of being light, of being less restrictive for transport, of requiring neither hole shaping, nor preparation of concrete or mortar, neither trowel work, nor loss of time for drying or hardening of material, but have the drawbacks of requiring a high threshing power to obtain the penetration of metallic components and of having poor resistance to the vertical forces of traction and thrust despite excellent resistance to transverse forces obtained by wings repor¬ ted or integral with a sheath in the case of the second family or ob¬ held by anchor rods bearing on a base plate not buried and perpendicular to the axis of penetration of the object or objects to be sealed (inserts, hooks, threaded rods, various posts, 'etc ...), in the part of the third family. The invention, object of the present, intends not only to remedy the drawbacks of the above anchors, but to preserve and even increase the advantages specific to each of the seals.
L'invention élargit les performances des scellements béton et béton armé en mettant en oeuvre des étais traversiers de fouissage débordant du trou creusé pour la mise en place du béton, en utilisant les qualités méca¬ niques du matériau compact et non foisonné se trouvant au-delà des bords du trou creusé, en diminuant le volume de béton à mettre en oeuvre du fait de la pleine utilisation des capacité d'ancrage obtenues par les étais traver- siers de fouissage précités, en supprimant éventuellement les temps de dur¬ cissement du béton ou mortier, par recours à des plots préfabriqués munis ou non de perforations ou encoches (simples ou à chicanes) adaptées â la mise en place des étais traversiers de fouissage.The invention widens the performance of concrete and reinforced concrete seals by using digging braces extending beyond the hole dug for the placement of concrete, using the mechanical qualities of the compact and not expanded material found at- beyond the edges of the dug hole, by reducing the volume of concrete to be used due to the full use of the anchoring capacity obtained by the abovementioned transverse digging props, possibly eliminating the hardening times of the concrete or mortar, by using prefabricated studs, whether or not provided with perforations or notches (simple or with baffles) suitable for the installation of digging braces.
L' invention exige une puissance de battage inférieure à celle des scellements métalliques connus de la deuxième famille en présentant une surface développée du bord d'attaque inférieure grâce à la suppression des ailes, et en divisant la section totale des composants à faire pénétrer dans le sol au cours d'un battage, par réalisation de l'ancrage en plusieurs battages de faible puissance. L'invention cesse de privilégier la facilité d'ancrage au détriment de la capacité d'ancrage, en rëpartissant les forces d'ancrage simultanément sur trois fronts ou zones d'ancrage contre un front pour les scellements métalliques de la première famille et deux fronts pour les scellements mé- en talliques de la seconde famille, αéplaçant fortement vers le bord d'attaque de l'ancrage le centre de gravité du scellement défini par les trois fronts précités, en refusant le principe de liaison articulée en un point des scellements métalliques de la troisième famille pour adopter au contraire le principe de liaisons rigides avec fixation en au moins deux points, en refusant de localiser en haut et en déport de l'objet à sceller la liaison articulée des scellements métalliques de la troisième famille pour les re¬ centrer sur l'axe de battage dudit objet, en refusant le principe du battage directionnel aléatoire de plusieurs tiges d'ancrage sans aucune référence entre elles contre celui de battage à guidage angulaire maîtrisé prenant la ligne d'axe de battage de l'objet à sceller comme axe de symétrie. Les dessins annexés illustrent l'invention :The invention requires a threshing power lower than that of known metal seals of the second family by presenting a developed surface of the lower leading edge thanks to the removal of the wings, and by dividing the total section of the components to be penetrated into the ground during a threshing, by carrying out the anchoring in several threshing of low power. The invention ceases to favor ease of anchoring to the detriment of anchoring capacity, by distributing the anchoring forces simultaneously on three fronts or anchoring zones against a front for the metal seals of the first family and two fronts for metal seals of the second family, strongly displacing the center of gravity of the seal defined by the three aforementioned fronts towards the leading edge of the anchor, by rejecting the principle of articulated connection at one point of the metal seals of the third family to adopt on the contrary the principle of rigid connections with fixing at least two points, by refusing to locate at the top and offset from the object to seal the articulated connection of the metal seals of the third family for re¬ center on the threshing axis of said object, by refusing the principle of random directional threshing of several anchor rods without any reference between e them against that of threshing with controlled angular guidance taking the line of threshing axis of the object to be sealed as axis of symmetry. The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention:
La figure 1 représente la partie d'un objet à sceller ayant un profil intérieur en triangle apte à recevoir ultérieurement un poteau, avec un étai traversier de fouissage. La figure 2 représente en coupe l'objet à sceller précité, avec la ligne d'axe virtuelle de trois étais traversiers.FIG. 1 represents the part of an object to be sealed having an inner triangle profile capable of subsequently receiving a post, with a transverse stay for digging. Figure 2 shows in section the aforementioned object to be sealed, with the virtual axis line of three props bridges.
La figure 3 représente la partie d'un objet à sceller ayant un pro¬ fil en "H", avec un étai traversier de fouissage et la ligne d'axe virtuele d'un deuxième étai traversier, ledit objet pouvant être par exemple un poteau ou le support d'un poteau.FIG. 3 represents the part of an object to be sealed having a "H" profile, with a digging cross forestay and the virtual axis line of a second cross forestay, said object possibly being for example a post or the support of a pole.
La figure 4 représente en coupe un objet à sceller ayant un profil intérieur en carré apte à recevoir ultérieurement un poteau, avec la ligne d'axe virtuelle de quatre étais traversiers.Figure 4 shows in section an object to be sealed having an internal square profile capable of subsequently receiving a post, with the virtual axis line of four struts.
La figure 5 représente la partie d'un objet à sceller ayant un pro- fil intérieur en rectangle apte à recevoir ultérieurement un poteau, avec la ligne d'axe virtuelle de deux étais traversiers se croisant, ledit objet pouvant être par exemple un poteau ou le support d'un poteau.FIG. 5 represents the part of an object to be sealed having an internal rectangle profile suitable for subsequently receiving a post, with the virtual axis line of two crossing props crossing each other, said object possibly being for example a post or the support of a pole.
La figure 6 représente la partie d'un objet à sceller ayant des ré¬ servations tubulaires intérieures aptes à guider et maintenir des étais traversiers sous un angle requis, avec un étai traversier, ledit objet pou¬ vant être par exemple un plot d'ancrage, une section de borne ou de poteau. La figure 7 représente, enfouis dans le sol, l'objet à sceller des figure 1 et 2, une portion de poteau traversant ledit objet, et un étai traversier de fouissage. La figure 8 représente, enfouis dans le sol, l'objet à sceller ou plot de la figure 6, une portion de poteau encastrée sur ledit objet, un étai traversier clavetant l'ensemble plot-poteau et s'enfonçant dans le sol compact après avoir traversé le béton comblant le trou creusé pour y mettre ledit plot. La figure 9 représente la partie d'un premier objet à sceller ayant des réservations tubulaires intérieures ou extérieures aptes à guider et ' maintenir, avec ou sans accessoire tel que collier, des étais traversiers sous un angle requis et ayant une réservation centrale apte à recevoir un second objet tel que poteau, tube, etc..., le premier objet pouvant être par exemple un plot d'ancrage pour le second objet précité.FIG. 6 represents the part of an object to be sealed having internal tubular reserves capable of guiding and maintaining transverse props at a required angle, with a transverse prop, said object being able for example to be an anchoring stud , a terminal or post section. FIG. 7 represents, buried in the ground, the object to be sealed of FIGS. 1 and 2, a portion of post crossing said object, and a transverse stay for digging. FIG. 8 represents, buried in the ground, the object to be sealed or stud of FIG. 6, a portion of post embedded on said object, a cross forestay keying the stud-stud assembly and sinking into the compact soil after having crossed the concrete filling the dug hole to put the said pad there. FIG. 9 represents the part of a first object to be sealed having internal or external tubular reservations capable of guiding and ' maintaining, with or without an accessory such as a collar, cross props at a required angle and having a central reservation capable of receiving a second object such as a post, tube, etc., the first object possibly being, for example, an anchoring stud for the aforementioned second object.
La figure 10 représente en premier lieu la partie d'un objet à sceller ayant des réservations tubulaires intérieures aptes à guider et maintenir des étais traversiers sous un angle requis, en second lieu un collier rapporté servant à déporter le premier point de pénétration de l'étai traversier en dehors de l'objet à sceller et en troisième lieu un étai traversier. La figure 11 représente en premier lieu la partie d'un objet à sceller dont les réservations tubulaires ne sont pas encore utilisées pour guider et maintenir des étais traversiers sous un angle requis, en second lieu un collier rapporté servant à déporter le premier point de pénétration de l'étai traversier en dehors de l'objet à sceller, en troisième lieu l'axe virtuel d'un étai traversier croisé en opposition dans un plan parallèle à celui de l'étai figuré, l'objet à sceller étant encastré à deux niveaux différents et bénéficiant de la large surface dudit collier pour résister aux efforts de traction et de poussée exercés sur l'ancrage.FIG. 10 firstly represents the part of an object to be sealed having internal tubular reservations capable of guiding and maintain transverse stays at a required angle, secondly an attached collar used to offset the first point of penetration of the transverse forestay outside the object to be sealed and thirdly a transverse forestay. FIG. 11 represents firstly the part of an object to be sealed whose tubular reserves are not yet used to guide and maintain transverse props at a required angle, secondly an attached collar used to offset the first point of penetration of the cross forestay outside the object to be sealed, thirdly the virtual axis of a cross forestay crossed in opposition in a plane parallel to that of the illustrated forestay, the object to be sealed being embedded in two different levels and benefiting from the large surface of said collar to resist the traction and thrust forces exerted on the anchor.
La figure 12 représente en premier lieu la partie d'un objet à sceller dont les réservations tubulaires ne sont pas encore utilisées pour guider et maintenir des étais traversiers sous un angle requis, en second lieu un collier rapporté servant à déporter le premier point de pénétration de l'é¬ tai traversier en dehors de l'objet à sceller, en troisième lieu l'axe vir¬ tuel d'un étai traversier croisé en opposition dans un plan parallèle à ce- lui de l'étai figuré, l'objet à sceller étant à la fois coincé sur deux faces par le collier, encastré _pax blocage entre les deux étais traver¬ siers en opposition, encastré par le ou les étais perpendiculaires à ces derniers, protégé en son extrémité par le bord d'attaque dudit collier apte à être lesté de béton dans l'espace séparant son extrémité de la face in- terne du collier, et apte à bénéficier de la large surface dudit collier pour résister aux efforts de traction et de poussée exercés sur l'ancrage. FIG. 12 represents firstly the part of an object to be sealed whose tubular reserves are not yet used to guide and maintain transverse props at a required angle, secondly an attached collar used to offset the first point of penetration of the ferryboat outside the object to be sealed, thirdly the virtual axis of a crossed forestay in opposition in a plane parallel to that of the illustrated forestay, the object to be sealed being both wedged on two faces by the collar, embedded _pax blocking between the two props traver¬ siers in opposition, embedded by the prop or props perpendicular to the latter, protected at its end by the leading edge of said collar able to be ballasted with concrete in the space separating its end from the internal face of the collar, and able to benefit from the large surface of said collar to resist the traction and thrust forces exerted on anchoring.
Un ancrage selon le procédé de l'invention met en oeuvre l'objet à sceller (1), le milieu (2) dans lequel doit être réalisé l'ancrage et un ou plusieurs étais traversiers de fouissage (3) solidaires de l'objet à sceller en au moins deux points par l'intermédiaire de perforations direc- tes (4), réservations tubulaires (5), perforations déportées (7), encoches et réservations ouvertes (20) , crochets ou autres composants associés à des colliers (6, 15, 13, 19) et tout autre moyen permettant un liaisonne- ment rigide. An anchoring according to the method of the invention implements the object to be sealed (1), the medium (2) in which the anchoring is to be carried out and one or more digging braces (3) integral with the object to be sealed at at least two points by means of direct perforations (4), tubular reservations (5), offset perforations (7), notches and open reservations (20), hooks or other components associated with collars (6 , 15, 13, 19) and any other means allowing a rigid connection.
L'objet à sceller (I) peut simultanément être constitué de n'importe quel matériau ou association de matériaux (bois, plastique, métal, béton, etc ...) et avoir les formes les plus diverses, par exemple un profil tubu- laire en triangle (8), en carré (9), en rectangle (10), en "H", (figures 1, 2, 4, 5, 7), un profil ouvert (figure 3), une section pleine (figure 6), etc. Le milieu à sceller (2) peut être de toute nature, dés lors qu'il a une portance ou une tenue mécanique suffisante pour permettre à l'ensemble constitué objet à sceller-ëtais précités de résister aux efforts requis de traction et de poussée. Il peut être ainsi soit homogène (exemple d'un sol dur où l'on creuse un trou de même section que celle du poteau pour la pose d'un poteau électrique, exemple d'un sol meuble où l'on enfonce directement un poteau de clôture), soit hétérogène, (exemple d'une chaussée de trottoir avec revêtement bitumineuxrecouvrant une terre non végétale pour un poteau de signalisation, exemple d'un sol agraire avec cavité creusée (11) et bé- ton de scellement (12) pour un poteau de clôture défensive).The object to be sealed (I) can simultaneously consist of any material or combination of materials (wood, plastic, metal, concrete, etc.) and have the most diverse shapes, for example a tubular profile. triangle (8), square (9), rectangle (10), "H" shaped (figures 1, 2, 4, 5, 7), an open profile (figure 3), a solid section (figure 6), etc. The medium to be sealed (2) can be of any kind, as long as it has sufficient lift or mechanical strength to allow the assembly made up of the aforementioned object to be sealed to withstand the required forces of traction and thrust. It can thus be either homogeneous (example of a hard ground where one digs a hole of the same section as that of the post for the installation of an electric post, example of a loose ground where one pushes directly a post of fence), or heterogeneous, (example of a pavement pavement with bituminous coating covering non-vegetal earth for a sign post, example of an agrarian soil with hollowed-out cavity (11) and concrete sealing (12) a defensive fence post).
Les étais traversiers de fouissage sont de préférence longs et ri¬ gides, avec une extrémité effilée, la rigidité pouvant être partielle avant introduction dans un outil de guidage et mise en place dans les encoches, perforations, réservations et colliers précités, mais devenant très grande dès épaulement en au moins deux points et dès contreventement par contact avec le milieu environnant (2) . Les étais ont une forme longiligne, une sec¬ tion de profil quelconque (tige ronde, cornière, etc ...), et une longueur suffisante pour obtenir simultanément le débordement de l'objet à sceller et l'encastrement maximal dans le milieu environnant (2) tout en conservant la rigidité et la résistance correspondant réellement aux besoins. Les étais sont avantageusement assemblés en groupe, par deux (figure 3 et 5), par trois (figure 2), par quatre (figure 4) , ces exemples étant donnés a titre non restrictif. Les étais sont en contact direct avec l'objet à sceller utile (figures 3, 5 et 6) par des réservations tubulaires biaises (5) ou encoches (20) pour les corps pleins et par des perforations ou encoches (4) pour les parois tubulaires ou profilées à épaisseur faible. Les étais sont en contact indirect avec l'objet à sceller utile lorsqu'ils interviennent dans l'an¬ crage d'une pièce intermédiaire, fourreau triangulaire (8) en figure 1, 2 et 7, fourreau carré (9) en figure 4, fourreau circulaire (14) en figure 9, poteau (16) recouvrant le plot de scellement (1) en figure 8, collier (6) à simple encastrement du poteau (1) avec déport des perforations (7) d'in- troduction des étais (3) en figure 10, collier (15) à double encastrement du poteau (I) avec déport des perforations (7) d'introduction des étais (3) en figure II, collier (13) à double encastrement du poteau (1) par coincement sur deux faces et calage sur deux faces entre étais avec déport des perfora- tions (7) d'introduction des étais (3) en figure 12; Les étais sont en con¬ tact direct et indirect avec l'objet à sceller utile lorsqu'ils interviennent simultanément dans l'ancrage de l'objet à sceller utile et de la pièce inter¬ médiaire, par exemple en figure 8, 9, 10, II, 12.The digging struts are preferably long and rigid, with a tapered end, the rigidity possibly being partial before introduction into a guide tool and installation in the aforementioned notches, perforations, reservations and collars, but becoming very large. from the shoulder at at least two points and from bracing by contact with the surrounding environment (2). The props have a slender shape, a section of any profile (round rod, angle iron, etc.), and a length sufficient to simultaneously overflow the object to be sealed and maximum embedding in the surrounding environment (2) while retaining the rigidity and strength that really corresponds to the needs. The props are advantageously assembled in groups, by two (Figure 3 and 5), by three (Figure 2), by four (Figure 4), these examples being given without limitation. The stays are in direct contact with the useful sealing object (Figures 3, 5 and 6) by biased tubular reservations (5) or notches (20) for the solid bodies and by perforations or notches (4) for the walls tubular or profiled with low thickness. The struts are in indirect contact with the useful object to be sealed when they are involved in the creation of an intermediate piece, triangular sheath (8) in FIG. 1, 2 and 7, square sheath (9) in FIG. 4 , circular sheath (14) in FIG. 9, post (16) covering the sealing stud (1) in FIG. 8, collar (6) with simple embedding of the post (1) with offset of the perforations (7) of production of the props (3) in FIG. 10, collar (15) with double post embedding (I) with offset of the perforations (7) for introducing the props (3) in FIG. II, collar (13) with double post embedding (1) by wedging on two faces and wedging on two faces between props with offset of the perforations (7) for introducing the props (3) in FIG. 12; The props are con ¬ direct and indirect tact with the object to seal useful when simultaneously involved in anchoring the object to seal and useful piece inter ¬ médiaire, for example in Figure 8, 9, 10 , II, 12.
Le procédé d'ancrage et de scellement béton, béton armé, métal, plas- tique ou autre matériau pour la pose et la fixation d'objets à sceller (in¬ serts, crochets, collier, tiges filetées, poteaux divers, plots, etc..) selon l'invention, se singularise en ce qu'il a une grande légèreté face à son aptitude à supporter les efforts transversaux, les efforts verticaux de poussée et les efforts verticaux de traction; en ce qu'il a un mode de pose en au moins deux phases spécifiques, la première phase spécifique étant con¬ sacrée à la pose et/ou au battage de l'objet à sceller (insert, crochet, collier, tige filetée, poteaux divers, plots, etc ...) et la deuxième phase spécifique étant consacrée au battage angulaire guidé et précis d1étais tra¬ versiers de fouissage (3) au travers de l'objet à sceller précité (I) ou du tuteur maintenant en position définitive ledit objet; en ce que lesditsétais traversiers ont avantageusement une faible section, un profil quelconque et sont avantageusement rigides avant leur battage mais nécessairement rigides après leur battage; en ce que la jonction desdits étais traversiers avec le¬ dit objet à sceller (insert, crochet, collier, tige filetée, poteaux divers, plots, etc ...) ou son tuteur se localise de façon préférentielle sous un angle de 45° et s'effectue à l'aide de tous moyens (tels que perforations (4) ou encoches (20) par exemple) permettant d.avoir un assemblage de scellement rigide par blocage en au moins deux points de la partie, médiane du ou des étais traversiers de fouissage et par réaction d'au moins une partie extrême desdits étais avec le milieu (2) dans lequel est effectué ledit scellement; et en ce que le battage angulaire est effectué par un moyen de guidage amo¬ vible ou non, intégré ou extérieur à l'objet à sceller (insert, crochet, collier, tige filetée, poteaux divers, plots, etc ...) ou à son tuteur mais lié à lui au moins de façon temporaire pour l'avoir comme axe de référence permettant de retrouver l'alignement des perforations, encoches et réserva¬ tions (5) précitées.The process of anchoring and sealing concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, plastic or other material for the installation and fixing of objects to be sealed (in ¬ serts, hooks, collar, threaded rods, various posts, studs, etc. ..) according to the invention, is distinguished in that it has a great lightness in relation to its ability to withstand transverse forces, vertical thrust forces and vertical traction forces; in that it has an installation method in at least two specific phases, the first specific phase being con ¬ sacred to the installation and / or threshing of the object to be sealed (insert, hook, collar, threaded rod, posts various, studs, etc ...) and the second specific phase being devoted to the guided and precise angular threshing of 1 props for digging (3) through the aforementioned object to be sealed (I) or the tutor now in final position of said object; in that the said crossings advantageously have a small section, any profile and are advantageously rigid before their threshing but necessarily rigid after their threshing; in that the junction of said cross braces with the said object to be sealed (insert, hook, collar, threaded rod, various posts, studs, etc.) or its stake is preferably located at an angle of 45 ° and is carried out using any means (such as perforations (4) or notches (20) for example) making it possible to have a rigid sealing assembly by blocking in at least two points of the part, median of the prop (s) digging ferries and by reaction of at least one extreme part of said struts with the medium (2) in which said sealing is carried out; and in that the angular threshing is carried out by a means of guidance which is removable or not, integrated or external to the object to be sealed (insert, hook, collar, threaded rod, various posts, studs, etc.) or to his tutor but linked to him at least temporarily to have it as a reference axis allowing to find the alignment of the perforations, notches and reservations (5) above.
Dans une variante de l'invention la première phase, dite spécifique, consiste à poservαn" trou (11) préalablement creusé un poteau muni en sa partie basse et périphérique de plusieurs perforations, encoches et réserva- tions avantageusement étroites et ëtagées aptes à recevoir sous un angle approx mat e es a s ravers ers e ou ssage avan ageusemen ¬ gides avant même leur battage, en ce que la seconde phase consiste à verser du béton (12) autour du poteau (16) au point de recouvrir les perforations, encoches et réservations précitées et de combler le trou, en ce que la troi- sième phase consiste à placer un outil provisoire servant à la fois de moyen de réglage de la verticalité et de la profondeur du poteau puis de guide de battage pour lesdits étais, en ce que la quatrième phase dite spécifique con¬ siste à insérer dans ce guide de battage les étais devenus dès lors absolu¬ ment rigides et à les soumettre aux chocs d'une masse pour les faire, sous un angle défini par l'outil mais préférentiellement proche de 45°, pénétrer successivement dans le béton, les perforations, encoches et réservations étagéesdu poteau, le béton et le sol (2) se trouvant au-delà des parois du trou, en ce que la cinquième phase consiste à utiliser immédiatement le poteau pour de faibles efforts mécaniques, avant même d'avoir obtenu le dur- cissement du béton, le poteau ainsi scellé étant déjà peu vulnérable au vol et au renversement, risques des scellements béton traditionnels dûs au van¬ dalisme, au vent, et aux animaux, en ce que la sixième phase consiste à re¬ tirer pour un nouvel usage éventuel l'outil amovible de guidage servant au battage angulaire des étais traversiers de fouissage et à laisser durcir le béton autour des parties encastrées dans le sol et/ou de l'objet à sceller (ici le poteau), en ce que la septième phase consiste à utiliser ultérieure¬ ment le poteau pour de gros efforts mécaniques, après durcissement du béton, le poteau, le béton et les étais traversiers (rigides ou rigidifiés par l'ac¬ tion du béton, du sol et du blocage en deux points) constituant un plot de béton armé travaillant non seulement par sa masse, mais encore par l'ancrage de l'extrémité des étais traversiers rigidifiés dans le sol compact (2) en¬ vironnant le trou.In a variant of the invention, the first phase, known as specific, consists in poservαn "hole (11) previously dug a post provided in its lower and peripheral part with several perforations, notches and reservations advantageously narrow and stepped able to receive under an angle approx mat e es as ravers ers e or ssage avan ageusemen ¬ gides even before their threshing, in that the second phase consists in pouring concrete (12) around the post (16) to the point of covering the aforementioned perforations, notches and reservations and to fill the hole, in that the third phase consists in placing a temporary tool serving both as a means of adjusting the verticality and the depth of the post and then as a threshing guide for said struts, in that the fourth so-called specific phase consists in inserting into this threshing guide the props which have become absolutely rigid and subjecting them to the impacts of a mass to make them, at an angle defined by the tool but preferably close to 45 °, penetrate successively into the concrete, the perforations, notches and stepped reservations of the post, the concrete and the ground (2) being beyond the walls of the hole, in that the fifth phase consists in using immediately the e post for low mechanical forces, even before the concrete has hardened, the post thus sealed is already not very vulnerable to theft and overturning, risks of traditional concrete seals due to van¬ dalism, wind, and to animals, in that the sixth phase consists in re¬ pulling for a possible new use the removable guiding tool used for the angular threshing of the digging struts and in allowing the concrete to harden around the parts embedded in the ground and / or of the object to be sealed (here the post), in that the seventh phase consists in subsequently using the post for large mechanical forces, after the concrete has hardened, the post, the concrete and the braces (rigid or rigidified) by the action of the concrete, the ground and the blocking at two points) constituting a reinforced concrete block working not only by its mass, but also by anchoring the end of the rigidified props s in the compact ground (2) en¬ vironnant the hole.
Dans une autre variante de l'invention, la première phase dite spéci¬ fique consiste à introduire dans le sol un poteau muni en sa partie basse et périphérique de plusieurs perforations, encoches et réservations avantageuse¬ ment étroites et étagées , aptes à recevoir sous un angle approximatif de _-5° des étais traversiers de fouissage avantageusement rigides avant même le battage; la seconde phase consiste à placer un outil provisoire servant à la fois de moyen de réglage de la verticalité et de la profondeur du poteau puis de guide de battage pour lesdits étais; la troisième phase dite spéci¬ fique consiste a insérer dans ce guide de battage les étais devenus dès lors absolument rigides et à les soumettre aux chocs d'une masse pour les faire, sous un angle défini par l'outil mais préférentiellement proche de 45°, péné¬ trer successivement dans le sol, dans les perforations, encoches et réserva- tions étagées du poteau, puis dans le sol compact surcompactë par la péné- trat on u poteau; a quatr me p ase cons ste ut ser mm atement e poteau pour de gros efforts mécaniques, les étais traversiers rigides étant encastrés dans le sol et l'outil de guidage amovible retiré pour un autre emploi. Dans une autre variante de l'invention, la première phase consiste à creuser dans le sol un trou de petite dimension; la deuxième phase dite spé¬ cifique consiste à y apposer un plot ou tuteur à la fois préfabriqué en matériau quelconque, muni de perforations biaises (5), encoches (20) et ré¬ servations pour recevoir ultérieurement les étais traversiers, et muni d'un trou aveugle ou non (14) adapté au profil de l'objet définitif à sceller (poteau par exemple); la troisième phase consiste à introduire ledit objet ou poteau dans la perforation préfabriquée à cet effet; la quatrième phase consiste à régler la verticalité et la profondeur d'introduction duditobjet ou poteau; la cinquième phase dite spécifique consiste à introduire dansles perforations biaises, encoches et réservations du tuteur précité, maintenu enbonne position, des étais traversiers de fouissage avantageusementrigide avant même leur introduction pour battage mais devenus absolument rigides après leur introduction et à les soumettre aux chocs d'une masse pour les faire sous un angle défini par l'outil mais préférentiellement proche de^5° pénétrer successivement dans la partie haute ou médiane du tuteur préfabri¬ qué, dans les perforations, encoches et réservations de blocage prévues sur l'objet ou le poteau à cet effet, dans la partie médiane ou basse du tuteur préfabriqué, et dans le sol compact se trouvant au-delà du trou; la sixième phase de cette pose directe consiste à utiliser immédiatement le poteau pour de gros efforts mécaniques, les étais traversiers rigides encastrant à la fois dans le sol le poteau et le tuteur préfabriqué dudit poteau.In another variant of the invention, the first so-called specific phase consists in introducing into the ground a post provided in its lower and peripheral part with several perforations, notches and advantageously narrow and stepped reservations, capable of receiving under a approximate angle of _-5 ° of the transverse digging struts, advantageously rigid, even before threshing; the second phase consists in placing a temporary tool serving both as a means of adjusting the verticality and the depth of the post and then as a threshing guide for said stays; the third so-called specific phase consists in inserting into this threshing guide the props which have therefore become absolutely rigid and subjecting them to the impacts of a mass to make them, at an angle defined by the tool but preferably close to 45 ° , penetrate successively into the ground, into the perforations, notches and stepped reservations of the post, then into the compact soil overcompacted by the penetration trat on u pole; a four p ase cons ste ut ser mm atement pole for large mechanical forces, the rigid props being embedded in the ground and the removable guide tool removed for another use. In another variant of the invention, the first phase consists in digging a small hole in the ground; the second so-called specific phase consists in affixing a pad or stake, both prefabricated in any material, provided with biased perforations (5), notches (20) and reservoirs for subsequently receiving the props, and provided with a blind hole or not (14) adapted to the profile of the final object to be sealed (post for example); the third phase consists in introducing said object or post into the prefabricated perforation for this purpose; the fourth phase consists in adjusting the verticality and the depth of insertion of said object or post; the fifth so-called specific phase consists in introducing into the biased perforations, notches and reservations of the aforementioned stakeholder, maintained in good position, propping beams which are advantageously rigid before even their introduction for threshing but which have become absolutely rigid after their introduction and subject them to the impacts of a mass to make them at an angle defined by the tool but preferably close to ^ 5 ° penetrate successively into the upper or middle part of the prefabricated stake, in the perforations, notches and blocking reservations provided on the object or the pole for this purpose, in the middle or lower part of the prefabricated stake, and in the compact soil lying beyond the hole; the sixth phase of this direct laying consists in immediately using the pole for large mechanical forces, the rigid cross props embedding both the pole and the prefabricated stake of said pole.
Selon une évolution de la dernière variante de l'invention, la troi¬ sième phase consiste à mettre en place un guide amovible de réglage de la verticalité et de la profondeur de l'objet à sceller (ou poteau) en lieu et place de l'objet ou du poteau définitif, le guide précité prenant appui sur le milieu (2) , alors, que la sixième phase de cette pose indirecte consiste à retirer l'outil amovible de guidage précité, à mettre immédiatement ou ultérieurement en place l'objet à sceller, et à solidariser ledit objet avec le tuteur préfabriqué par tout moyen intégré ou non, par exemple, par vissage ou coincement de l'objet.According to an evolution of the last variant of the invention, the third phase consists in installing a removable guide for adjusting the verticality and the depth of the object to be sealed (or post) in place of the object or definitive post, the aforementioned guide resting on the medium (2), while the sixth phase of this indirect installation consists in removing the aforementioned removable guide tool, in immediately or subsequently putting the object in place sealing, and securing said object with the prefabricated stake by any means integrated or not, for example, by screwing or wedging the object.
La deuxième phase spécifique de battage angulaire guidé et précis d'étais traversiers de fouissage (3) au travers de l'objet à sceller (1) ou du tuteur maintenant en position définitive ledit objet est obtenue parépau-r lement rigide en au moins deux points, l'un de ces points étant déporté de l'objet à sceller par un collier (6, 15, 13). La deuxième phase spécifique de battage angulaire guidé et précis d'étais traversiers de fouissage (3) au travers de l'objet à sceller (l) ou du tuteur maintenant en position définitive ledit objet peut être obtenue par épaulement rigide en au moins deux points, l'un de ces points étant en prolongation directe dudit objet à sceller, sans déport accentué, collier (19) venant obturer une encoche ou réservation ouverte (20) d'un plot par exempleThe second specific phase of guided and precise angular threshing of digging transverse props (3) through the object to be sealed (1) or of the stake now in definitive position said object is obtained by rigid overlapping in at least two points, one of these points being offset from the object to be sealed by a collar (6, 15, 13). The second specific phase of guided and precise angular threshing of digging transverse props (3) through the object to be sealed (l) or the stake now in final position said object can be obtained by rigid shoulder at at least two points , one of these points being in direct extension of said object to be sealed, without accentuated offset, collar (19) closing a notch or open reservation (20) of a stud for example
Dans une pose indirecte de l'objet utile, les étais traversiers de fouissage (3) assurent simultanément à la fonction d'ancrage une fonctionde clavetage de l'objet utile (dit second objet), sur l'objet à sceller (l) (dit premier objet), par exemple la pose indirecte d'un poteau parcLavetage de ce dernier dans un fourreau circulaire ou réservation circulaire (14) aménagé(e) dans un plot (1), ou par exemple la pose indirecte d'un poteau (16) par clavetage de ce dernier en recouvrement d'un plot (1).In an indirect installation of the useful object, the digging braces (3) simultaneously provide the anchoring function with a keying function of the useful object (said second object), on the object to be sealed (l) ( said first object), for example the indirect installation of a post Cleaning of the latter in a circular sheath or circular reservation (14) arranged in a stud (1), or for example the indirect installation of a post ( 16) by keying the latter over a stud (1).
Plusieurs paramètres tels que la surface développée, le poids et la forme de composants divers solidarisés avec l'objet à sceller ( 1 )partic_pent à l'ancrage, par exemple : lestage avec un matériau durcissable tel que le béton (12) faisant sa prise autour des étais traversiers (3) de l'objet à sceller (1) et de collier(s) (6, 15, 13); blocage et coincement par action des étais (3) sur les colliers (figures 10, 11 et 12), ancrage par les sur- faces- intérieures et extérieures des objets à sceller (1), des étais traver¬ siers (3) et des colliers (6, 15 et 13), ces surfaces développées pouvaι_fôme être aptes à maintenir un béton en figures 11 et 12, à faciliter la péné¬ tration dans le milieu d'ancrage (2) en figure 12, à participer à la tenue aux efforts verticaux de poussée et efforts transversaux en figures 10, 11, et 12, à participer à la tenue aux efforts verticaux de traction en figures 11 et 12.Several parameters such as the developed surface, the weight and the shape of various components secured to the object to be sealed (1) partic_pent at anchoring, for example: ballasting with a hardenable material such as concrete (12) making its setting around the braces (3) of the object to be sealed (1) and of the collar (s) (6, 15, 13); blocking and jamming by action of the struts (3) on the collars (Figures 10, 11 and 12), anchoring by the inner and outer surfaces of the objects to be sealed (1), the struts ¬ siers (3) and collars (6, 15 and 13), these developed surfaces moyaι_fôme be able to maintain a concrete in FIGS. 11 and 12, to facilitate penetration into the anchoring medium (2) in FIG. 12, to participate in the resistance to vertical thrust forces and transverse forces in FIGS. 10, 11, and 12, to participate in the resistance to vertical traction forces in FIGS. 11 and 12.
Sur la figure 13 on a montré un autre exemple de réalisation d'un objet* à sceller constitué d'un corps en métal moulé, 25, réalisé en fonte ou similaire. Il présente une section tubu- laire dont la partie supérieure 26 forme un voile épais QU-e__t mu¬ nie de nervures, au centre duquel est ménagé un trou de fixation taraudé ou non, 27, chacune de ses quatre faces est munie de deux trous bruts de fonderie, pour le passage de deux étais traversiers en sens opposé, soit quatre étais. Lesdits étais 28 étant pris ou non dans des profilés standards du commerce appointés du type: cornière, profilé en ϋ, en Té, en I, en tube de section carrée ou cylindrique, ou encore en barre pleine de toutes sections standards dont les dimensions sont fonction des efforts à supporter. L'extrémité libre des étais traversiers de fouissage préf erablement percée d'un trou d'extraction lorsque l'on veut rendre le scellement démontable.In FIG. 13 another embodiment of an object * to be sealed is shown, consisting of a molded metal body, 25, made of cast iron or the like. It has a tubular section, the upper part 26 of which forms a thick veil QU-e__t mu¬ nie de ribes, in the center of which is provided a fixing hole tapped or not, 27, each of its four faces is provided with two holes rough casting, for the passage of two cross props in opposite directions, or four props. Said struts 28 being taken or not taken from standard commercial profiles made of the type: angle,,, Tee, I profile, in square or cylindrical section tube, or in solid bar of all standard sections whose dimensions are depending on the efforts to bear. The free end of the digging braces is preferably pierced with an extraction hole when you want to make the seal removable.
La figure 14 montre une variante de la figure 13 dans laquelle l'objet à sceller est constitué par un tube 30 de sec¬ tion carrée de dimensions appropriées aux efforts à supporter. Ledit profilé est réalisé à partir d'une tôle dans laquelle les trous de passage des étais ont été poinçonnés avant le pliage. Les bords rapprochés dudit tube carré sont ou non solidarisés par des points de soudure. Les étais traversiers 31 sont pris dans des profilés identiques à ceux de la figure 13. En variante de la figure 14, l'objet à sceller est réa¬ lisé sous forme d'un tube de section rectangulaire, en béton coulé, au moyen d'un équipement de production automatisé à moules multiples, dans lesquels on a réservé les trous de passage des étais traversiers au moment de la coulée du béton. On utilise les mêmes étais traversiers que ceux de la figure 13.FIG. 14 shows a variant of FIG. 13 in which the object to be sealed consists of a square section tube 30 of dimensions suitable for the forces to be supported. Said profile is made from a sheet in which the forestay holes have been punched before folding. The close edges of said square tube are joined or not by welding points. The cross struts 31 are taken in profiles identical to those of FIG. 13. As a variant of FIG. 14, the object to be sealed is made in the form of a tube of rectangular section, made of poured concrete, by means of '' automated production equipment with multiple molds, in which the passage holes of the props were reserved when the concrete was poured. The same ferry props as those in Figure 13 are used.
Le procédé selon l'invention offre une grande souplesse d'emploi per- mettant d'optimiser les modes opératoires selon la nature des sols, la na¬ ture des poteaux ou objets à sceller, la rapidité du travail exigée, la possibilité ou non de révenir sur le chantier de pose, la durée de vie es¬ comptée pour les ancrages. Améliorant ainsi tous les procédés d'ancrage existants (avec ou sans forage, avec ou sans béton), le procédé vise toutes les applications exigeant un ancrage ou scellement et, entre autresflapose. de tous les poteaux dans le sol, la pose d' inserts dans les matériaux tendres • la fixation des sols, l'arrimage de bateaux ou de charges, les fondations d'objets ou de constructions diverses dans le bâtiment et l'industrie. The process according to the invention offers great versatility as per- me t op t iMiser the procedures depending on the nature of soils, na ¬ ture poles or objects to be sealed, the speed of the required work, possibility or not of returning to the installation site, the service life is ¬ counted for the anchors. Thus improving all existing anchoring processes (with or without drilling, with or without concrete), the process targets all applications requiring anchoring or sealing and, among other things, spraying. All posts into the ground, laying of inserts in soft materials • stared soil t ion, securing boats or expense, the foundations of obje t s or t e cons ructions in the various building and industry.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Procédé d'ancrage et de scellement béton, béton armé, métal, plastique ou autre matériau pour la pose et la fixation d'objets à sceller (inserts, crochets, collier, tiges filetées, poteaux divers, plots, etc...)caractérise en ce qu'il a une grande légèreté face à son aptitude à supporterles efforts transversaux, les efforts verticaux de poussée et les efforts verticaux de traction; en ce qu'il a un mode de pose en au moins deux phases spécifiques, la première phase spécifique étant consacrée à la pose et/ou au battage de l'objet à sceller (insert, crochet, collier, tige filetée, poteaux divers, plots, etc ...), et la deuxième phase spécifique étant consacrée au battage angulaire guidé et précis des étais traversiers de fouissage (3) au travers de l'objet à sceller précité (1) ou du tuteur maintenant en position défini¬ tive ledit objet; en ce que lesdits étais traversiers ont avantageusementαrie faible section, un profil quelconque et sont avantageusement rigides avant leur battage mais nécessairement rigides après leur battage; en ce que la jonction desdits étais traversiers avec ledit objet à sceller (insert, cro¬ chet, collier, tige filetée, poteaux divers, plots, etc ...) ou son tuteur se localise de façon préférentielle sous un angle de 45° et s'effectue à l'aide de tous moyens (tels que perforations (4) ou encoches (20)parexemple permettant d'avoir un assemblage de scellement rigide par blocage en aumoins deux points de la partie médiane du ou des étais traversiers de fouissage et par réaction d'au moins une partie extrême desdits étais avec le milieu (2) dans lequel est effectué ledit scellement; et en ce que le battage angulaire est effectué par un moyen de guidage amovible ou non, intégré ou extérieur à l'objet à sceller (insert, crochet, collier, tige filetée, poteaux divers, plots, etc..) ou à son tuteur mais lié à lui au moins de façon temporaire pour l'avoir comme axe de référence permettant de retrouver l'alignement des perforations, encoches et réservations (5) précitées.1) Anchoring and sealing process for concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, plastic or other material for the installation and fixing of objects to be sealed (inserts, hooks, collar, threaded rods, various posts, studs, etc ... ) characterized in that it has great lightness in relation to its ability to withstand transverse forces, vertical thrust forces and vertical traction forces; in that it has an installation method in at least two specific phases, the first specific phase being devoted to the installation and / or threshing of the object to be sealed (insert, hook, collar, threaded rod, various posts, studs, etc.), and the second specific phase being devoted to the guided and precise angular threshing of the digging transverse props (3) through the aforementioned object to be sealed (1) or of the stake now in a defined position. said object; in that said cross braces have advantageously a small cross section, any profile and are advantageously rigid before their threshing but necessarily rigid after their threshing; in that the junction of said cross struts with said object to be sealed (insert, hook, collar, threaded rod, various posts, studs, etc.) or its stake is preferably located at an angle of 45 ° and is carried out using any means (such as perforations (4) or notches (20) for example making it possible to have a rigid sealing assembly by blocking at least two points of the middle part of the digging brace (s) and by reaction of at least one end portion of said struts with the medium (2) in which said sealing is carried out; and in that the angular threshing is carried out by a removable or non-removable guide means, integrated or external to the object to be seal (insert, hook, collar, threaded rod, various posts, studs, etc.) or to its guardian but linked to it at least temporarily to have it as a reference axis allowing to find the alignment of the perforations, notches and reservations (5) prev itées.
2) Procédé d'ancrage et de scellement selon la Revendication 1, caracté¬ risé en ce que la première phase, dite spécifique, consiste à.poser dans un trou (11) préalablement creusé un poteau muni en sa partie basse et périphérique de plusieurs perforations, encoches et réservations avanta- geusement étroites et étagées aptes à recevoir sous un angle approximatif de 45° des étais traversiers de fouissage avantageusement rigides avant même leur battage, en ce que la seconde phase consiste à verser du béton (I2) autour du poteau (16) au point de recouvrir les perforations, encoches et réservations précitées et de combler le trou, en ce que la troisième phase consiste à placer un outil provisoire servant à la fois de moyen de réglage de la verticalité et de la profondeur du poteau puis de guide de battage pour lesdits étais, en ce que la quatrième phase dite spécifique consiste à insérer dans ce guide de battage les étais devenus dès lors absolument rigides et à les soumettre aux chocs d'une masse pour les faire, sous un angle défini par l'outil mais préférentiellement proche de 45°, pénétrer successivement dans le béton, les perforations, encoches et réservations étagées du poteau, le béton et le sol (2) se trouvant au-delà des parois du trou, en ce que la cinquième phase consiste à utiliser immédiatement le poteau pour de faibles efforts mécaniques, avnt même d'avoir obtenu le dur¬ cissement du béton, le poteau ainsi scellé étant déjà peu vulnérable au vol et au renversement, risques des scellements béton traditionnels dûs au van¬ dalisme, au vent, et aux animaux, en ce que la sixième phase consiste à retirer pour un nouvel usage éventuel l'outil amovible de guidage servant au battage angulaire des étais traversiers de fouissage et à laisser durcir le béton autour des parties encastrées dans le sol et/ou de l'objet à sceller (ici le poteau), en ce que la septième phase consiste à utiliser ultérieurement le poteau pour de gros efforts mécaniques, après durcisse¬ ment du béton, le poteau, le béton et les étais traversiers • (rigides ou ri- gidifiés par l'action du béton, du sol et du blocage en deux points) cons¬ tituant un plot de béton armé travaillant non seulement par sa masse, mais encore par l'ancrage de l'extrémité des étais traversiers rigidifiés dans le sol compact (2) environnant le trou.2) Anchoring and sealing method according to Claim 1, caracté¬ ized in that the first phase, known as specific, consists of putting in a hole (11) previously dug a post provided in its lower and peripheral part with several perforations, notches and advance reservations suitably narrow and stepped able to receive at an angle of approximately 45 ° prop bridges advantageously rigid digging before even their threshing, in that the second phase consists in pouring concrete (I2) around the post (16) to the point of covering the aforementioned perforations, notches and reservations and filling the hole, in that the third phase consists in placing a temporary tool serving both as a means of adjusting the verticality and the depth of the post and then as a threshing guide for said stays , in that the fourth so-called specific phase consists in inserting into this threshing guide the props which have therefore become absolutely rigid and subjecting them to the impact of a mass to make them, at an angle defined by the tool but preferably close to 45 °, penetrate successively into the concrete, the perforations, notches and storied reservations of the post, the concrete and the ground (2) being beyond the walls of the hole, in that the fifth phase consists in immediately using the post for low mechanical forces, even before having obtained the hardening of the concrete, the post thus sealed is already not very vulnerable to theft and overturning, risks of sealing traditional concrete due to van¬ dalism, wind, and animals, in that the sixth phase consists in removing for a possible new use the removable guide tool used for the angular threshing of the digging props and to let the concrete harden around the parts embedded in the ground and / or of the object to be sealed (here the post), in that the seventh phase consists in subsequently using the post for large mechanical forces, after hardening of the concrete, the post, concrete and braces • (rigid or stiffened by the action of concrete, soil and two-point blocking) constituting a reinforced concrete block working not only by its mass , but also by anchoring the end of the stiffened struts in the compact soil (2) surrounding the hole.
3) Procédé d'ancrage et de scellement selon la Revendication 1, caracté- risé en ce que la première phase dite spécifique consiste à introduire dans le sol un poteau muni en sa partie basse et périphérique de plusieurs per¬ forations, encoches et réservations avantageusement étroites et étagées aptes à recevoir sous un angle approximatif de 45° des étais traversiers de fouissage avantageusement rigides avant même le battage,' en ce que la seconde phase consiste à placer un outil provisoire servant à la fois de moyen de réglage de la verticalité et de la profondeur du poteau puis de guide de battage pour lesdits étais, en ce que la troisième phase dite spé¬ cifique consiste à insérer dans ce guide de battage les étais devenus dès lors absolument rigides et à les soumettre aux chocs d'une masse pour les faire, sous un angle défini par l'outil mais préférentiellement proche de 45°, pénétrer successivement dans le sol, dans les perforations, encoches et réservations étagées du poteau, puis dans le sol compact surcompactë par la pénétration du poteau; en ce que la quatrième phase consiste à uti¬ liser immédiatement le poteau pour de gros efforts mécaniques, les étais traversiers rigides étant encastrés dans le sol et l'outil de guidage amo- vible retiré pour un autre emploi.3) Anchoring and sealing method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first so-called specific phase consists in introducing into the ground a post provided in its lower and peripheral part with several perforations, notches and reservations advantageously narrow and stepped able to receive, at an approximate angle of 45 °, advantageously rigid digging braces before even threshing, in that the second phase consists in placing a temporary tool serving both as a means of adjusting the verticality and the depth of the post and then threshing guide for said struts, in that the third so-called specific phase consists in inserting into this threshing guide the struts which have consequently become absolutely rigid and subjecting them to the impacts of a mass in order to make them, at a defined angle by the tool but preferably close to 45 °, penetrate successively into the ground, into the perforations, notches and stepped reservations of the post, then into the compact soil overcompacted by the penetration of the post; in that the fourth phase consists in immediately using the post for large mechanical forces, the rigid transverse props being embedded in the ground and the removable guide tool removed for another use.
4) Procédé d'ancrage et de scellement selon la Revendication I, caracté¬ risé en ce que la première phase consiste à creuser dans le sol un trou de petite dimension; en ce que la deuxième phase dite spécifique consiste à y apposer un plot ou tuteur à la fois préfabriqué en matériau quelconque, muni de perforations biaises (5), encoches (20) et réservations pour rece¬ voir ultérieurement les étais traversiers, et muni d'un trou aveugle ou non (14) adapté au profil de l'objet définitif à sceller (poteau par exem¬ ple); en ce que la troisième phase consiste à introduire ledit objet ou poteau dans la perforation préfabriquée à cet effet; en ce que la quatrième phase consiste à régler la verticalité et la profondeur d'introduction du¬ dit objet ou poteau; en ce que la cinquième phase dite spécifique consiste à introduire dans les perforations biaises, encoches et réservations du tuteur précité, maintenu en bonne position, des étais traversiers de fouissage avantageusement rigides avant même leur introduction pour batta- ge mais devenus absolument rigides après leur introduction et à les sou¬ mettre aux chocs d'une masse pour les faire sous un angle défini par l'ou¬ til mais préférentiellement proche de 45°, pénétrer successivement dans la partie haute ou médiane du tuteur préfabriqué, dans les perforations, en¬ coches et réservations de blocage prévues sur l'objet ou le poteau à cet effet, dans la partie médiane ou basse du tuteur préfabriqué, et dans le sol compact se trouvant au-delà du trou; en ce que la sixième phase de cette pose directe consiste à utiliser immédiatement le poteau pour de gros efforts mécaniques, les étais traversiers rigides encastrant à la fois dans le sol le poteau et le tuteur préfabriqué dudit poteau. 5) Procédé d'ancrage et de scellement selon la Revendication 1 et la4) Anchoring and sealing method according to Claim I, characterized in that the first phase consists in digging a small hole in the ground; in that the second so-called specific phase consists in affixing to it a pad or stake, both prefabricated in any material, provided with biased perforations (5), notches (20) and reservations for later receiving the props, and provided with 'a blind hole or not (14) adapted to the profile of the final object to be sealed (post for example); in that the third phase consists in introducing said object or post into the prefabricated perforation for this purpose; in that the fourth phase consists in adjusting the verticality and the depth of introduction of said object or post; in that the fifth so-called specific phase consists in introducing into the biased perforations, notches and reservations of the aforementioned stake, maintained in good position, transverse digging props which are advantageously rigid even before their introduction for threshing but which have become absolutely rigid after their introduction and to subject them to the impacts of a mass in order to make them at an angle defined by the tool but preferably close to 45 °, penetrate successively into the upper or middle part of the prefabricated tutor, into the perforations, en¬ notches and blocking reservations provided on the object or pole for this purpose, in the middle or lower part of the prefabricated stake, and in the compact soil located beyond the hole; in that the sixth phase of this direct laying consists in immediately using the post for large mechanical forces, the rigid transverse props embedding both the post and the prefabricated stake of said post. 5) Anchoring and sealing method according to Claim 1 and the
Revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la troisième phase consiste à mettre en place un guide amovible de réglage de la verticalité et de la profondeur de l'objet à sceller (ou poteau) en lieu et place de l'objet ou du poteau définitif, le guide précité prenant appui sur le milieu (2), en ce que la sixième phase de cette pose indirecte consiste à retirer l'outil amovible de guidage précité, à mettre immédiatement ou ultérieurement en place l'objet à sceller, et à solidariser ledit objet avec le tuteur préfabriqué par tout moyen intégré ou non, par exemple par vissage ou coincement de l'objet .Claim 4, characterized in that the third phase consists in putting in place a removable guide for adjusting the verticality and the depth of the object to be sealed (or post) in place of the final object or post, the aforementioned guide resting on the medium (2), that the sixth phase of this indirect installation consists in removing the aforementioned removable guide tool, in immediately or subsequently putting in place the object to be sealed, and in securing said object with the prefabricated tutor by any means integrated or not, by example by screwing or jamming the object.
6) Procédé d'ancrage et de scellement selon la Revendication I, caracté- risée en ce que la deuxième phase spécifique de battage angulaire guidé et précis d'étais traversiers de fouissage (3) au travers de l'objet à sceller (1) ou du tuteur maintenant en position définitive ledit objet est obtenue par épaulement rigide en au moins deux points, l'un de ces points étant dé¬ porté de l'objet à sceller par un collier (6, 15, 13). 7) Procédé d'ancrage et de scellement selon la Revendication I, caracté¬ risé en ce que la deuxième phase spécifique de battage angulaire guidé et précis d'étais traversiers de fouissage (3) au travers de l'objet à sceller ê re (1) ou du tuteur maintenant en position définitive ledit objet peut obtenue par épaulement rigide en au moins deux points, l'un de ces points étant en prolongation directe dudit objet à sceller, sans déport accentué, collier6) Anchoring and sealing method according to Claim I, characterized in that the second specific phase of guided and precise angular threshing of digging transverse stays (3) through the object to be sealed (1) or of the tutor now in the final position, said object is obtained by rigid shoulder at at least two points, one of these points being taken from the object to be sealed by a collar (6, 15, 13). 7) Anchoring and sealing method according to Claim I, characterized in that the second specific phase of guided and precise angular threshing of digging transverse props (3) through the object to be sealed (re) 1) or the tutor now in the final position, said object can be obtained by rigid shoulder at at least two points, one of these points being in direct extension of said object to be sealed, without accentuated offset, collar
(19) venant obturer une encoche ou réservation ouverte (20) d'un plot par exemple.(19) closing a notch or open reservation (20) of a stud for example.
8) Procédé d'ancrage et de scellement selon les Revendications 1, 6 et 7, caractérisé en ce que, dans une pose indirecte de l'objet utile, les étais traversiers de fouissage (3) assurent simultanément à la fonction d'ancrage une fonction de clavetage de l'objet utile (dit second objet) sur l'objet à sceller (1) (dit premier objet), par exemple la pose indirecte d'unpceau par clavetage de ce dernier dans un fourreau circulaire ou réservation cir¬ culaire (14) amênagé(e) dans un plot (1), ou par exemple la pose indirecte d'un poteau (16) par clavetage de ce dernier en recouvrement d'un plot (1).8) Anchoring and sealing method according to Claims 1, 6 and 7, characterized in that, in an indirect installation of the useful object, the digging braces (3) simultaneously provide the anchoring function with a keying function of the useful object (said second object) on the object to be sealed (1) (said first object), for example the indirect laying of a piece by keying the latter in a circular sheath or circular reservation (14) arranged in a stud (1), or for example the indirect installation of a post (16) by keying the latter in covering of a stud (1).
9) Procédé d'ancrage et de scellement selon les revendications 1, 6 et 7, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs paramètres tels que la surface développée, le poids et la forme de composants divers solidarisés avec l'objet à sceller (1) participent à l'ancrage, par exemple : lestage avec un matériau dur- cissable tel que le béton (12) faisant sa prise autour des étais traver¬ siers (3) de l'objet à sceller (1) et de collier(s) (6,15, 13); blocage9) Anchoring and sealing method according to claims 1, 6 and 7, characterized in that several parameters such as the developed surface, the weight and the shape of various components secured to the object to be sealed (1) participate in anchoring, for example: ballasting with a hardenable material such as concrete (12) taking hold around the transverse struts (3) of the object to be sealed (1) and of collar (s) (6 , 15, 13); blocking
FEUILLE DE REMPLACEMENT et coincement par action des étais (3) sur les colliers (figures 10, 11 et 12) . ancrage par les surfaces intérieures et extérieures des objets à sceller (1) des étais traversiers (3) et des colliers (6,15, 13), ces surfaces déve¬ loppées pouvant même être aptes à maintenir un béton en figures 11 et 12, à faciliter la pénétration dans le milieu d'ancrage (2) en figure 12, à parti¬ ciper à la tenue aux efforts verticaux de poussée et efforts transversaux en figures 10, II, et 12, à participer à la tenue aux efforts verticaux de traction en figures II et 12.REPLACEMENT SHEET and wedging by action of the stays (3) on the collars (Figures 10, 11 and 12). anchoring by the interior and exterior surfaces of the objects to be sealed (1) of the props (3) and of the collars (6, 15, 13), these developed surfaces ¬ being able even to be able to hold a concrete in FIGS. 11 and 12, to facilitate penetration into the middle rod (2) in Figure 12 party ¬ pate in the resistance to vertical forces and thrust forces transverse in figures 10, II and 12 to participate in the resistance to vertical forces of traction in Figures II and 12.
10) Procédé d'ancrage et de scellement selon la revendication 1, carac- térisé en ce que l'objet à sceller est un corps en métal moulé du type fonte ou similaire, de section tubulaire rectangulaire comportant à son extrémité supérieure un voile épais (26), ou muni denervures, au.centre desquelles est ménagé un trou de fixation taraudé ou non (27), chacune de ses quatre faces est munie de deux trous bruts de fonderie pour le passage de deux étaistraver- siers en sens opposé, soit quatre étais, lesdits étais (28) étant ou non pris dans des profilés standards du commerce appointés à leur extrémité, du type cornière, profilé en U, en Té, en I, en tube de section carrée ou cylindrique, ou encore en barre pleine de toutes sections standards, en ce que l'extrémité libre des étais traversiers (29) est.-préf rablement percée d'un trou d'extrae- tion--10) An anchoring and sealing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the object to be sealed is a cast metal body of the cast iron or similar type, of rectangular tubular section comprising at its upper end a thick veil ( 26), or provided with ribs, at the center of which is provided a tapped or non-threaded fixing hole (27), each of its four faces is provided with two rough foundry holes for the passage of two shuttles in opposite directions, either four struts, said struts (28) being or not taken from standard commercial profiles pointed at their ends, of the angle type, U-shaped, T-shaped, I-shaped, in square or cylindrical section tube, or even in solid bar of all standard sections, in that the free end of the cross braces (29) is preferably pierced with an extraction hole--
11) Procédé d'ancrage et de scellement selon les revendications 1 et11) Anchoring and sealing method according to claims 1 and
10, caractérisé en ce que l'objet à sceller (30) est un profilé tubulaire de section carrée réalisé à partir d'une tδle dans laquelle les trous de passage des étais traversiers (31) ont été percés avant le pliage, en ce que les bords rapprochés dudit tube sont solidarisés par soudure.10, characterized in that the object to be sealed (30) is a tubular section of square section produced from a sheet in which the through holes of the cross braces (31) were drilled before folding, in that the close edges of said tube are joined by welding.
1 ) Procédé d'ancrage et de scellement selon les revendications 1 et1) Anchoring and sealing method according to claims 1 and
11, caractérisé en ce que l'objet à sceller est réalisé sous forme d'un tube de section rectangulaire, en béton coulé, au moyen d'un équipement de production automatisé à moules multiples, dans lesquels on a réservé les trous de passage des étais traversiers au moment de la coulée du béton.11, characterized in that the object to be sealed is produced in the form of a rectangular section tube, of poured concrete, by means of automated production equipment with multiple molds, in which the passage holes for the were ferries when the concrete was poured.
FEUILLE DE REMPLACEMENT REPLACEMENT SHEET
EP90908535A 1988-11-18 1990-05-18 Anchoring and bedding method by using digging cross stays Expired - Lifetime EP0483158B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8815024A FR2639392B1 (en) 1988-11-18 1988-11-18 METHOD OF ANCHORING AND SEALING BY CROSS STAYS OF EXCAVATION
PCT/FR1990/000351 WO1991018165A1 (en) 1988-11-18 1990-05-18 Anchoring and bedding method by using digging cross stays

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0483158A1 true EP0483158A1 (en) 1992-05-06
EP0483158B1 EP0483158B1 (en) 1998-04-15

Family

ID=37309799

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90908535A Expired - Lifetime EP0483158B1 (en) 1988-11-18 1990-05-18 Anchoring and bedding method by using digging cross stays

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0483158B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69032252T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2639392B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991018165A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2806747A1 (en) 2000-03-23 2001-09-28 Dejoux Andre Marcel SINGLE OR MULTIPLE ANCHORAGE SYSTEM FOR OBJECTS IN THE GROUND
JP2012524186A (en) * 2009-04-16 2012-10-11 バウレッティ、アゴスティノ Fixing system
PL423619A1 (en) * 2017-11-27 2019-06-03 Energia W Kogeneracji Ewk Spolka Akcyjna Anchoring unit

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FR2701505B1 (en) * 1993-02-10 1995-03-24 Pierre Martin Device for anchoring to the ground, by plugging, poles, stakes, or bases.
US6578333B1 (en) * 2000-08-30 2003-06-17 Richard J. Gagliano Integrated precast footings
US7076925B2 (en) 2000-08-30 2006-07-18 Pin Foundations, Inc. Integrated footings
DE10254472A1 (en) * 2002-11-21 2004-06-17 HÖFER, Reinhard Fixing device for fence posts has fixing part with opening for post and side stabilising face and positively connected to fence post and embedded underneath ground surface
DE202009000701U1 (en) * 2009-01-16 2010-06-02 Alpintechnik Ag Ground anchor with lateral stabilizers
US8601750B1 (en) * 2012-06-04 2013-12-10 Ip Power Holdings Limited Method and apparatus for ground installation
GB201609190D0 (en) * 2016-05-25 2016-07-06 Shire Consulting Ltd Apparatus
GB2607092B (en) * 2021-05-28 2023-06-28 Solarport Systems Ltd A ground anchor system

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2806747A1 (en) 2000-03-23 2001-09-28 Dejoux Andre Marcel SINGLE OR MULTIPLE ANCHORAGE SYSTEM FOR OBJECTS IN THE GROUND
JP2012524186A (en) * 2009-04-16 2012-10-11 バウレッティ、アゴスティノ Fixing system
PL423619A1 (en) * 2017-11-27 2019-06-03 Energia W Kogeneracji Ewk Spolka Akcyjna Anchoring unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69032252T2 (en) 1998-11-26
FR2639392B1 (en) 1997-04-30
EP0483158B1 (en) 1998-04-15
WO1991018165A1 (en) 1991-11-28
FR2639392A1 (en) 1990-05-25
DE69032252D1 (en) 1998-05-20

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