EP0482074B1 - Procede d'essai de forage - Google Patents
Procede d'essai de forage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0482074B1 EP0482074B1 EP90911289A EP90911289A EP0482074B1 EP 0482074 B1 EP0482074 B1 EP 0482074B1 EP 90911289 A EP90911289 A EP 90911289A EP 90911289 A EP90911289 A EP 90911289A EP 0482074 B1 EP0482074 B1 EP 0482074B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- probe
- deformation
- correction
- linked
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012830 plain croissants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
- E02D1/022—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/006—Measuring wall stresses in the borehole
Definitions
- the invention relates to tests carried out from a borehole to determine the mechanical characteristics of the ground in elasticity and plasticity, thanks to a device of the type "pressuremeter", which was patented in France under the number 1.117.983, on January 19, 1955, by Mr. Louis Ménard. This device has been perfected and patented under the number 1.234.756, the 05.15.1959 by Mr. Louis Ménard, in particular with regard to the different parts of the "pressuremeter".
- Such tests successively include measuring the vacuum deformation of the probe, then the measurement of the deformation of the ground in drilling, finally the establishment of a pressure graph volume which represents the resistance of the ground at a given level.
- These tests are carried out with a probe which descended to a determined level of the borehole. This probe is then filled with liquid. From the surface, successively increasing pressure stages are applied. For each of these stages, the deformation of the probe is measured at time intervals croissants.
- the object of this invention is to avoid these drawbacks in the case of a floor, in providing more detailed and precise information on the different layers in the field, while only using commonly used devices for measurements.
- the invention provides an improvement to the test methodology, by introducing into the field loading sequence, one or more unloading cycles reloading, on which we can consider that the deformations are elastic. We thus frees itself from the plastic strain component which is one of the variables of the linear relation between the pressure and the deformation of the probe during a monotonous loading.
- the invention provides an improvement to the pressure determination technique in the field, by introducing a set of corrections that take into account the geometry discovered that the static balance of the terrain around the probe is determined within elasticity and plasticity conditions of the ground.
- a borehole (3) crosses a piece of land.
- the part of the drilling corresponding to the level of the probe can be left uncovered without any coating. the remaining part of the borehole can either be cased or left bare.
- a unit control (1) is placed on the surface, and connected by electric pipes (2) or hydraulic to the probe. Via the control unit (1), a pressurization of the probe (4). This loads the ground and deforms.
- a measure of deformation is done along the measurement cell, and is materialized by either a measurement local electrical or hydraulic system at the probe (4), either by electrical measurement or hydraulic corresponding to a liquid level in the control unit (1).
- the unit of control (1) supplies the probe, receives and processes the information coming from the probe if necessary until the reaction pressure graphs are fully established of the ground, deformation of the probe.
- These measuring devices can preferably be connected to each other to form a single probe lowered into the borehole at one time. However, these instruments can also be used separately, each in combination with the control unit.
- fluid pressure and deformation of the probe using the devices described above and with reference to a level selected from the well.
- the strain measurement is carried out in the measuring cell at increasing time intervals.
- the curve in Figure 2 was obtained for measurements of deformation of the probe, 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute after application of the pressure. This timescale is purely indicative and any other progression can be used.
- a drilling loading test is carried out beforehand at a level little different from the chosen level, so as to determine the creep pressure, which corresponds to the end of the linear relationship between the pressure and the deformation. , and the beginning of the non-linear relationship between pressure and strain.
- the probe is then placed at the chosen level and a loading is imposed in successive stages according to the method indicated above.
- the curve indicates at point A, bringing the probe into contact with the ground. From point A to point D which corresponds to the creep pressure previously defined, the relationship is linear between the pressure applied and the deformation of the probe.
- the creep pressure must always be higher than the highest possible pressure during the cycle, that is to say at point B. From point B which precedes point D, one proceeds by successive stages of unloading, until point E.
- the pressures imposed on the probe are corrected, and the deformations, to reduce to a value of the average reaction pressure of the ground and to an average deformation, along the measurement cell.
- reaction pressure of the ground, outside the probe static pressure which corresponds to the height z of the water table above of the probe.
- reaction pressure of the ground is measured, from the pressure imposed on the fluids internal to the probe (4) considering the static balance of the membrane (7) under the action of the stresses of the internal fluids (8) and the ground (9).
- the difference between the internal and external rays works by reducing the pressure.
- the reaction pressure of the ground is measured, from the pressure imposed on the internal fluids of the probe considering the static balance of the membrane under the action of stresses.
- the difference between the deformable length (10) of the probe on which the field reaction acts, and the length of the probe charged by the fluids internal (12) works by reducing pressure.
- the probe (4) can be protected by a split tube (11) which further reduces the pressure.
- reaction pressure of the ground is measured, from the pressure imposed on the internal fluids of the probe considering the static balance of the membrane under the action of stresses.
- the possible pressure difference between the liquid (14) and gas (13), or between the fluids actuating the measuring (6) and guard cells (5), is taken into account in the overall balance of the membrane.
- the deformation is measured along the measurement cell (15), taking into account the mean value of the deformation of the probe, which is a function of the distance from the ends.
- the deformation is maximum at the center of the probe, and zero at the extremities.
- the different stages of the process are represented on the flow diagram of FIG. 13.
- the first measurement block consists of measuring the deformation force when empty of the probe.
- the second and third blocks repeated sequentially, constitute the measure itself.
- the correction blocks correspond to the calculations presented above and constitute a processing of the measurement which makes it possible to obtain the corrected pressure and deformation of the terrain and a curve similar to that shown in Figure 3.
- the corrected pressure and strain results, as well as pressure and pressure variation as a function of time, are represented in FIG. 14.
- the creep pressure P f is determined as the change in slope on the pressure strain variation graph (b), or on the pressure strain rate graph at constant imposed pressure.
- P f corresponds to the end of the linear relation pressure deformation (at point D of figure 3) and to the beginning of the nonlinear relation between pressure and deformation (a).
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Description
- La figure 1 représente très schématiquement une installation d'essai de forage, conforme à l'invention. La sonde est ici composée d'une cellule de mesure et de deux cellules de garde. La présence de ces cellules de garde n'est pas indispensable, et l'invention peut être utilisée avec une sonde unicellulaire.
- La figure 2 représente une courbe traduisant les valeurs de la déformation de la sonde pour différents instants à partir du moment où une pression est imposée au terrain.
- La figure 3 représente une courbe de chargement de la sonde avec un cycle déchargement rechargement conforme à l'invention.
- La figure 4 représente la différence de niveau hydraulique entre l'unité de contrôle et la sonde.
- La figure 5 représente la différence de niveau hydraulique entre la surface de la nappe phréatique et la sonde.
- La figure 6 représente l'essai vide de la sonde qu'on réalise en dehors du forage, avant l'essai à un niveau donné du terrain.
- La figure 7 représente la variation interne de volume des tubulures sous l'action d'une pression imposée, et avec une déformation nulle de la sonde.
- La figure 8 constitue un schéma montrant la différence de pression qui existe entre le fluide à l'intérieur de la sonde, et le terrain à l'extérieur de la sonde, pour une épaisseur de membrane ou autres protections, donnée.
- La figure 9 constitue un schéma montrant la différence entre la longueur déformable sur laquelle agit la réaction du terrain à l'extérieur de la sonde, et la longueur chargée par les fluides à l'intérieur de la sonde.
- La figure 10 constitue un schéma montrant comment se décompose la pression interne à la sonde en, d'une part une cellule chargée avec un liquide à une pression Pliquide, et d'autre part des cellules de garde chargées avec un gaz à la pression Pgaz. Ce schéma est un cas particulier pour une sonde tricellulaire, mais l'invention peut être utilisée avec une sonde ayant un nombre quelconque de cellules.
- La figure 11 constitue un schéma montrant comment la sonde se déforme, et la partie sur laquelle se fait la mesure de déformation.
- La figure 12 constitue un schéma montrant comment se décompose la réaction du terrain, en une partie élastique proportionnelle à la déformation de la sonde, et une partie plastique qui n'est pas liée directement à la déformation de la sonde.
- La figure 13 constitue un schéma synoptique des opérations essentielles que comporte le procédé selon l'invention.
- La figure 14 représente dans la partie a/ la relation entre la pression de réaction du terrain, et la déformation de la sonde. La partie b/ représente la relation entre la variation de déformation de la sonde entre deux instants différents, et pour une même valeur de la pression. Une correspondance est indiquée avec la partie a/ qui montre la façon dont on détermine la pression de fluage Pf, et la pression limite PI.
- La figure 15 représente la relation linéaire qui existe entre les logarithmes népériens de la pression de réaction du terrain, et la déformation du forage.
Claims (5)
- Procédé d'essai de forage pour les sols, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de correction des mesures comprend les opérations suivantes :Corriger la pression de la valeur de la déformation à vide de la sondeCorriger la pression de la valeur de la dénivelée hydrauliqueCorriger la pression de la valeur de la hauteur de nappe phréatiqueCorriger la pression par suite de l'influence de l'épaisseur de la membraneCorriger la pression par suite de l'influence de la différence de longueur entre la partie déformable de la sonde et la partie chargée par les fluides internesCorriger la pression par suite de l'influence de la différence de pressions entre les fluides utilisésCorriger la pression par suite de l'influence de la réaction élastique et plastique du terrainCorriger la déformée de la valeur de la déformée des tubuluresCorriger la déformée de l'influence due à la différence entre la déformée totale de la sonde et la déformée moyenne de la partie de sonde réservée à la mesure.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel on effectue une mesure de la relation linéaire entre la pression et la déformation corrigée sur le cycle déchargement rechargement qui est réversible et élastique, en vue de déterminer le module de cisaillement du terrain.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1, dans lequel on détermine la pression de fluage, soit par le changement de pente de la courbe pression variation de déformation corrigée, soit par le passage de la partie linéaire à la partie non linéaire de la courbe pression déformation corrigée, soit les deux à la fois.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 3, dans lequel on détermine l'angle de frottement inteme du terrain au moyen de la pente de la droite reliant les logarithmes de la pression corrigée à la déformée corrigée, pour des valeurs de pression au-delà de la pression de fluage.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1, 3 et 4, dans lequel on obtient sur une feuille de papier, l'évolution de l'angle de frottement interne du terrain en fonction de la profondeur des différents essais, réalisés à des cotes croissantes ou décroissantes.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8909674 | 1989-07-12 | ||
FR8909674A FR2649753B1 (fr) | 1989-07-12 | 1989-07-12 | Procede d'essai de forage |
PCT/FR1990/000508 WO1991000951A1 (fr) | 1989-07-12 | 1990-07-05 | Procede d'essai de forage |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0482074A1 EP0482074A1 (fr) | 1992-04-29 |
EP0482074B1 true EP0482074B1 (fr) | 1998-03-11 |
Family
ID=9383902
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90911289A Expired - Lifetime EP0482074B1 (fr) | 1989-07-12 | 1990-07-05 | Procede d'essai de forage |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0482074B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE163989T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69032132D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2649753B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1991000951A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2798698B1 (fr) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-11-02 | Gaiatech | Procede et appareil d'essai de terrain a partir d'un forage |
FR2895011B1 (fr) * | 2005-12-15 | 2008-03-07 | Fugro Geotechnique Sa | Pressiometre de precision automatise |
FR2914419B1 (fr) * | 2007-03-30 | 2009-10-23 | Datc Europ Sa | Dispositif de protection d'une sonde geotechnique ou geophysique |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1402119A (fr) * | 1964-04-30 | 1965-06-11 | Electricite De France | Appareil d'essai du comportement mécanique statique d'un matériau à profondeur variable à partir d'un forage |
FR2481453A1 (fr) * | 1980-04-25 | 1981-10-30 | Sev I Stroite | Procede de determination des caracteristiques de deformabilite des materiaux de construction et des sols |
EP0146324A3 (fr) * | 1983-12-20 | 1986-07-09 | Shosei Serata | Méthode et appareil pour mesurer in situ les tensions et les propriétés du sol par l'utilisation d'une sonde de trou de sondage |
FR2583876B1 (fr) * | 1985-06-21 | 1988-06-03 | Sopena | Procede et dispositif de mesure des caracteristiques de cisaillement d'un sol |
-
1989
- 1989-07-12 FR FR8909674A patent/FR2649753B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-07-05 EP EP90911289A patent/EP0482074B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-05 AT AT90911289T patent/ATE163989T1/de active
- 1990-07-05 DE DE69032132T patent/DE69032132D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-05 WO PCT/FR1990/000508 patent/WO1991000951A1/fr active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0482074A1 (fr) | 1992-04-29 |
ATE163989T1 (de) | 1998-03-15 |
DE69032132D1 (de) | 1998-04-16 |
FR2649753A1 (fr) | 1991-01-18 |
WO1991000951A1 (fr) | 1991-01-24 |
FR2649753B1 (fr) | 1991-10-11 |
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