EP0481052A1 - Tube d'amplification a grille avec barreaux de largeur variable. - Google Patents
Tube d'amplification a grille avec barreaux de largeur variable.Info
- Publication number
- EP0481052A1 EP0481052A1 EP91908979A EP91908979A EP0481052A1 EP 0481052 A1 EP0481052 A1 EP 0481052A1 EP 91908979 A EP91908979 A EP 91908979A EP 91908979 A EP91908979 A EP 91908979A EP 0481052 A1 EP0481052 A1 EP 0481052A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grid
- bars
- width
- high frequency
- tube according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
- H01J19/28—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
- H01J19/38—Control electrodes, e.g. grid
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/46—Control electrodes, e.g. grid; Auxiliary electrodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to power amplification tubes such as for example tetrodes.
- This high temperature of the grid can be the cause of tube malfunctions: the grid radiates a very large amount of heat towards the colder parts of the tube and causes abnormal degassing thereof.
- the ions released in the tube are then sources of electrical breakdowns, disjunctions, etc.
- Grid insulation ceramics can deteriorate (cracks) under the action of heat. In any case, this results in a reduction in the reliability and the service life of the tubes.
- the object of the invention is to reduce the risks of malfunction which appear to be due to an abnormal increase in the temperature of the grid, in tubes whose grid is placed in a high frequency resonant circuit and is traversed by high frequency currents generated. by this resonance.
- the width varies along a bar between one side where the bar is subjected to weaker currents and another side where the bar is subjected to higher currents.
- the width of the bars is greater at the bottom of the grid (that is to say on the side of the connection towards the outside of the tube) than in the top .
- the invention turns out to be particularly advantageous.
- the top of the grid is most often placed with a current node and a high frequency voltage belly, but the bottom is much closer to a current belly.
- the bars have a regularly increasing width as one approaches the bottom of the grid. Growth can be continuous or discontinuous.
- the invention is applicable to grids with vertical bars or grids with oblique bars. Grids with oblique bars are often built to improve the mechanical strength of these grids.
- the application of the invention is intended especially for grids produced by machining or cutting, such as grids of pyrolytic graphite machined by sandblasting or molybdenum grids cut by laser by electroerosion or by stamping.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a conventional power tetrode grid
- FIG. 2 shows another example of a conventional grid, with oblique bars
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the grid according to the invention with vertical bars
- FIG. 4 shows another embodiment for a grid with oblique bars.
- the invention will be described in detail with regard to a triode or tetrode grid.
- high power having a cylindrical cathode, a grid (triode) or two cylindrical grids (tetrode) of mesh structure, surrounding the cathode, and an anode surrounding the grids.
- the invention is applicable to other tube structures where the same problems are encountered (anode surrounded by the grids and the cathode for example).
- the grid whether it is a modulation grid (Gl) or a screen grid (G2), is very often made up (and it is this case which interests us especially here) of a sheet of refractory material in the shape of a machined cylinder. in a mesh structure.
- the function of these grids is to establish a determined potential distribution in the vicinity of the cathode while letting pass the major part of the flow of electrons emitted by the cathode towards the anode.
- the bars of the mesh structure are close enough to each other to allow the establishment of potentials as well distributed as possible, and yet they are sufficiently separated from each other by the free space of the meshes to let pass such a large proportion. as possible electrons.
- the bars are either vertical bars (to allow an optimal evacuation of the high frequency currents because these propagate from top to bottom taking into account the distribution of the high frequency potentials along the height of the cylindrical grid), or bars crossed obliques (to improve the mechanical strength of the structure).
- the bars are very thin compared to the intervals between bars.
- the vertical direction conventionally chosen here is the axis of the cylinder constituting the grid.
- FIG. 1 represents a conventional grid of high power amplification tube. This is a pyrolytic graphite grid, but it could also be a metal.
- the grid 10 essentially consists of a network of vertical bars 12 extending between the top 14 of the grid and the bottom 16. The grid is electrically connected to the outside of the tube by a contact made at the bottom of the grid and not shown.
- horizontal circular bars 18 make it possible to mechanically connect the vertical bars to one another in order to increase the rigidity of the structure.
- the horizontal bars do not or hardly participate in the evacuation of the currents in the grid. Very few high frequency currents develop in the horizontal bars. On the contrary, the vertical bars are the seat of high frequency currents which, in this type of structure, are all the higher the closer you get to the bottom of the grid.
- the grid is most often placed in a high frequency resonant circuit in which the top of the grid is at a belly of current and a node of tension, while the bottom of the grid approaches a current belly.
- FIG. 2 represents another conventional grid structure in pyrolytic graphite.
- the bars are oblique and there are two networks of crossed oblique bars 20 and 22.
- the whole forms a diamond mesh network.
- the bars have constant widths from top to bottom of the grid.
- the increase in the width of the bar makes it possible to increase the cross section through which the currents flow, therefore to reduce the power dissipated by the Joule effect.
- this increase in width makes it possible to increase the radiating surface of the bar.
- the temperature of the bar will be reduced.
- the currents at different points on the grid can be calculated from Maxwell's equations; currents and potentials indeed follow well-known physical and mathematical laws; we can therefore determine which are the places (for a given operation) where the current density will be the highest, and we give the bars a wider section in these places.
- the current density in the bars of the grid is often very high at the bottom of the grid, on the connection side, for a cylindrical grid conventionally having a connection on only one side of the cylinder.
- the width of the bars increases from the top of the grid downwards, at least in the lower part of the grid.
- the vertical bars have a continuously variable width from top to bottom of the grid. But the variation can also be in stages.
- the vertical bars have a constant width over part of the height of the grid, then, downwards, the width increases regularly or in stages.
- the solutions are the same: continuous growth or in stages, from the top of the grid or only in the lower part of the grid.
- the horizontal bars themselves may be wider at the bottom of the grid than at the top, if only for convenience of manufacture.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the constitution of a grid, for vertical bars: the width (L1, L2) of the bars goes downwards.
- This figure represents a detail of the grid; the proportions are not respected, for reasons of convenience of representation, so that the increase in width of the bars can be clearly seen; in practice, in fact, the bars can be very thin compared to the interval between consecutive bars; on the other hand the interval between horizontal bars can be much wider than the interval between vertical bars.
- the width of the openings between bars can be constant or not: the simplest is to use a mesh of constant pitch, which implies that the openings are reduced as the bars widen. The transparency of the electron grid therefore decreases where the bars are wider, but this is acceptable for two reasons:
- the width of the bars can remain small in front of the opening even where the bars are the widest;
- the invention is applicable in the same way to grids whose bars are not vertical but oblique, such as for example a grid such as that of FIG. 2 comprising a series of oblique bars all parallel crossed with another series of oblique bars all parallel.
- FIG. 4 An exemplary embodiment of the invention with a grid of oblique bars reinforced by horizontal bars (triangular mesh) is represented in FIG. 4. It can be seen that the two networks of oblique bars 20 and 22 have widths increasing from the top towards the low. The horizontal bars 24 also have increasing widths from top to bottom, but only for reasons of manufacturing convenience; they could all have the same width because heating due to the circulation of current in these horizontal bars is weak.
- the grids can be made of pyrolytic graphite; they are then generally cut by sandblasting by means of sand projection nozzles.
- the grids are made of metal (preferably molybdenum). They are then produced by "laser cutting” or by mechanical cutting or by electroerosion.
Landscapes
- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9005640 | 1990-05-04 | ||
FR9005640A FR2661778A1 (fr) | 1990-05-04 | 1990-05-04 | Tube d'amplification a grille avec barreaux de largeur variable. |
PCT/FR1991/000334 WO1991017559A1 (fr) | 1990-05-04 | 1991-04-23 | Tube d'amplification a grille avec barreaux de largeur variable |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0481052A1 true EP0481052A1 (fr) | 1992-04-22 |
EP0481052B1 EP0481052B1 (fr) | 1995-04-05 |
Family
ID=9396335
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91908979A Expired - Lifetime EP0481052B1 (fr) | 1990-05-04 | 1991-04-23 | Tube d'amplification a grille avec barreaux de largeur variable |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5317230A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0481052B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH05501635A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69108666T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2661778A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1991017559A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1948122A (en) * | 1931-12-29 | 1934-02-20 | Frederick S Mccullough | Thermionic tube |
DE1134167B (de) * | 1960-12-14 | 1962-08-02 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | Gitter fuer die gebuendelte Elektronenstroemung von Kathodenstrahl- oder Laufzeitroehren und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
FR1408119A (fr) * | 1964-09-18 | 1965-08-06 | Siemens Ag | Tube électronique à grille-écran |
FR2432215A1 (fr) * | 1978-07-27 | 1980-02-22 | Thomson Csf | Tube electronique a grille cylindrique en graphite pyrolytique |
FR2561820A1 (fr) * | 1984-03-23 | 1985-09-27 | Thomson Csf | Tube a grilles avec ecran metallique |
-
1990
- 1990-05-04 FR FR9005640A patent/FR2661778A1/fr active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-04-23 US US07/778,966 patent/US5317230A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-23 DE DE69108666T patent/DE69108666T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-23 JP JP3508757A patent/JPH05501635A/ja active Pending
- 1991-04-23 WO PCT/FR1991/000334 patent/WO1991017559A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1991-04-23 EP EP91908979A patent/EP0481052B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9117559A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69108666D1 (de) | 1995-05-11 |
DE69108666T2 (de) | 1995-08-17 |
EP0481052B1 (fr) | 1995-04-05 |
FR2661778A1 (fr) | 1991-11-08 |
JPH05501635A (ja) | 1993-03-25 |
WO1991017559A1 (fr) | 1991-11-14 |
US5317230A (en) | 1994-05-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
FR3069368A1 (fr) | Canon a electrons | |
EP0324667B1 (fr) | Collecteur d'électrons pour tube électronique | |
EP0481052B1 (fr) | Tube d'amplification a grille avec barreaux de largeur variable | |
EP0037309B1 (fr) | Tube à ondes progressives à cavités couplées et focalisation par aimants permanents alternés, et ensemble amplificateur comprenant un tel tube | |
FR2733856A1 (fr) | Cathode pour canon a electrons a grille, grille destinee a etre associee avec une telle cathode et canon a electrons comportant une telle cathode | |
WO2004042769A1 (fr) | Generateur de rayons x a dissipation thermique amelioree et procede de realisation du generateur | |
FR2510815A1 (fr) | Circuit en echelle pour tube a ondes progressives | |
FR2496337A1 (fr) | Structure d'aimants permanents pour tubes electroniques a faisceau lineaire | |
FR2548829A1 (fr) | Tube a rayons x a anode tournante muni d'un dispositif d'ecoulement des charges | |
FR2691012A1 (fr) | Canon de pierce à électrode d'échelonnement. | |
FR2606937A1 (fr) | Ligne a retard a couplage par cavites pour tube a onde progressive | |
EP0456550B1 (fr) | Tube électronique à grille cylindrique | |
FR2790595A1 (fr) | Circuit de ligne a retard en helice | |
BE1009144A6 (fr) | Appareil de radiologie portable. | |
BE333021A (fr) | ||
EP0684625B1 (fr) | Tube électronique à vide de très forte puissance à anode refroidie par circulation forcée | |
WO2002093707A1 (fr) | Canalisation electrique | |
EP1055246A1 (fr) | Grille pour tube electronique a faisceau axial | |
WO2021136918A1 (fr) | Dispositif pour connecter une source de puissance a un inducteur | |
FR2833749A1 (fr) | Refroidissement d'un tube electronique | |
JPH05275775A (ja) | イオンレーザ管 | |
BE458271A (fr) | ||
FR2627898A1 (fr) | Tube electronique refroidi par circulation d'un fluide | |
FR2692075A1 (fr) | Micro-structure d'une cathode chaude pour tube électronique. | |
BE438120A (fr) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19911206 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB LI |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19940510 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB LI |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19950430 Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19950430 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69108666 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19950511 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19950615 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: AUV Free format text: LE BREVET CI-DESSUS EST TOMBE EN DECHEANCE, FAUTE DE PAIEMENT, DE LA 5E ANNUITE. |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20070419 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20070418 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20070411 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20080423 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20081101 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20081231 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080423 |