EP0480430A2 - Process and apparatus for making ceramic hollow articles with lateral appendix, in particular cups with handle - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for making ceramic hollow articles with lateral appendix, in particular cups with handle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0480430A2
EP0480430A2 EP91117307A EP91117307A EP0480430A2 EP 0480430 A2 EP0480430 A2 EP 0480430A2 EP 91117307 A EP91117307 A EP 91117307A EP 91117307 A EP91117307 A EP 91117307A EP 0480430 A2 EP0480430 A2 EP 0480430A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow body
attachment
contact surface
shaped
isostatic pressing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91117307A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0480430B1 (en
EP0480430A3 (en
Inventor
Günther Söthje
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Erich Netzsch GmbH and Co Holding KG
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Erich Netzsch GmbH and Co Holding KG
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Publication of EP0480430A2 publication Critical patent/EP0480430A2/en
Publication of EP0480430A3 publication Critical patent/EP0480430A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/02—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for attaching appendages, e.g. handles, spouts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/002—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material assembled from preformed elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/003—Pressing by means acting upon the material via flexible mould wall parts, e.g. by means of inflatable cores, isostatic presses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 5.
  • a pressing tool is known with which a cup-shaped ceramic hollow body is to be pressed together with a side attachment in the form of a handle in one operation from free-flowing ceramic mass.
  • the device has a lower molded part designed as a male part, over which a cup-shaped first membrane is placed, and two upper molded parts which can be placed against one another in a meridian plane of the hollow body to be pressed and its handle-shaped attachment and together form a female part.
  • a core can be displaced transversely to this meridian plane in the matrix, around which a tubular second membrane extends in the meridian plane for isostatic pressing of the handle-shaped attachment.
  • Both membranes delimit the part of the mold cavity assigned to them from the inside.
  • a diaphragm is arranged in the diaphragm which, in an upper position pulled out of the die, releases a filling channel for free-flowing ceramic mass and an evacuation channel.
  • the common mold cavity for the cup-shaped hollow body and its handle-shaped attachment are filled with ceramic mass from above.
  • the plunger is then lowered into the die so that it closes off the mold cavity.
  • Pressure oil is then introduced under the cup-shaped first membrane and into the tubular second membrane, so that the ceramic mass of both membranes is pressed isostatically against the cup-shaped or handle-shaped inner walls of the male part.
  • the plunger After the isostatic pressing, the plunger is moved upward a little, the core with the second membrane is pulled out of the associated part of the mold cavity and the two mold parts of the die are moved apart so that the hollow body pressed in one piece with its handle-shaped attachment is removed can.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an isostatic pressing method and a device suitable for carrying out the method, with which ceramic hollow bodies with a lateral attachment, in particular handle cups, can be pressed in such a way that damage occurs during removal and also during subsequent firing of the pressed moldings can be avoided with greater certainty.
  • the object is, insofar as it relates to the method, according to the invention, based on a method according to the preamble of claim 1, achieved in that a hollow body is produced without an attachment in a first operation, and the attachment is produced in a second operation and thereby by the isostatic pressing pressure with the Hollow body is connected.
  • the device shown is used for isostatic pressing of cups, which each consist of a cup-shaped hollow body 10 with, for example, a cylindrical outer wall 12 and a bottom 14 and an attachment 16 fastened to the wall 12.
  • the approach 16 has shown in the Example, the shape of a conventional cup handle with two connecting surfaces 18 with which it is attached to the wall 12.
  • the molding tool 20 shown in FIG. 1 is provided for isostatic pressing of the cup-shaped hollow body 10.
  • Its main components are a plate 22 which is to be fastened in the usual way to a table (not shown) of a preferably lying press and has an essentially cylindrical recess 24 and a fluid channel 26 opening into it.
  • a shaped part 28 is received, in which an elastic membrane 30 is inserted. This is clamped at its outer edge between a support ring 32 and a clamping ring 34 which is fastened to the plate 22 with screws 36.
  • the membrane 30 has a substantially concave inner surface, which points to the left in FIG. 1, which is complementary to the outer surface of the hollow body 10 to be pressed, and a rear surface which rests on the molded part 28 when the membrane is at rest.
  • the molded part 28 contains channels 38 which connect the fluid channel 26 to the back of the membrane 30.
  • the fluid channel 26 can, as usual, be connected alternately to a vacuum source and to a pressure oil source, so that the membrane 30 can be sucked into the molded part 28 during each operating cycle and then pressed away from it.
  • the molding tool 20 also has a plate 40 shown on the left in FIG. 1, which is to be attached to a ram 42 of the press mentioned and only has a molded part 44 formed as a male part on its side facing the molded part 28, the surface of which is towards the inner surface of the mold pressing hollow body 10 is complementary.
  • a mold cavity 46 is formed, which can be filled through a filling channel 48 with free-flowing ceramic mass of the usual grain size.
  • a further molding tool 50 is provided for the isostatic pressing of the projection 16, which is shown individually in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the main component of the molding tool 50 is a lower plate 52 in the example shown with a recess 54 into which a fluid channel 56 opens and in which a molding 58 designed as a die is received.
  • the clamping ring 64 is fastened to the plate 52 with screws 66.
  • the membrane 60 forms the entire outer surface of the projection 16 to be pressed and can be sucked into the molding 58 in each working cycle by channels 68 in the molded part 58, which communicate with the fluid channel 56, and then pressed away from it.
  • the molding tool 50 like the molding tool 20, operates in the usual way.
  • the mold 50 also includes two upper plates 70 and 70 ', which lie against one another in a common central plane of the cup-shaped hollow body 10 and its shoulder 16, which is referred to as meridian plane M when the mold 50 is closed, as in FIGS. 2 and 3 and also shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
  • the two plates 70 and 70 ' are suspended from a common support body 72 and guided in such a way that they can be displaced towards and away from one another normal to the meridian plane M, symmetrical to the latter.
  • a molded part 74 and 74 ' is formed on the underside of each of the two plates 70 and 70'; these two molded parts together form a male part which, together with the membrane 60, delimits a mold cavity 76 for the isostatic pressing of the handle-shaped extension 16.
  • the mold cavity 76 has two openings 78 which lie in a hollow cylindrical contact surface 80, 80 'formed on the upper side of the two plates 70 and 70'.
  • the mold cavity 76 can be filled with free-flowing ceramic mass.
  • a filling device can be used which can be placed on the contact surface 80, 80 'and has two outlets which can be brought into register with one of the two coins 78.
  • At least two vertical bolts 82 are fastened to the lower plate 52, which have a dimensionally ground surface and are each guided in a correspondingly machined bushing 84 in the plate 70 or 70 '.
  • the plate 52 together with the molded part 58 and membrane 60 can be applied from below in a closing movement to the two plates 70 and 70 'if these have previously been brought into the position according to FIGS. 3 and 5, in which they are in the meridian plane M lie together.
  • Appropriate but horizontal bolts 86 and bushings 88 are provided in the illustrated example as guides for the movements of the two plates 70 and 70 'normal to the meridian plane M.
  • the openings 78 of the mold cavity 76 filled with ceramic granulate must be closed. This is done in that a cup-shaped hollow body 10 previously pressed in the mold 20 according to FIG. 1 with its cylindrical outer wall 12 is pressed tightly onto the mouths 78.
  • the hollow body 10 is removed from the molding tool 20 and clamped between a support body 90 penetrating into it and a counter-holder 92 placed on its base 14 from the outside and then brought into the position according to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • Support body 90 and counter-holder 92 both of which have a cylindrical outer surface, are displaceably guided in a piston-like manner in a cylinder bore 94 of the support body 72 and are each connected to a hydraulic or pneumatic piston-cylinder unit 96 or 98. These are controlled in such a way that the cup-shaped hollow body 10 remains firmly clamped between the support body 90 and the counter-holder 92 during the movement into the position according to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • pressure oil is passed through the fluid channel 56 and further through the channels 68 to the underside of the membrane 60, as is customary in isostatic pressing.
  • a special feature of the device shown is that the projection 16, while it is isostatically pressed, is simultaneously pressed against the previously pressed hollow body 10 and connected to it to form a unit without the uniformity of the isostatic pressure being impaired thereby.
  • the space below the membrane 60 is then relieved of pressure oil and placed under vacuum.
  • the plate 52 together with the molded part 58 and membrane 60 is then pulled down, as a result of which the pressed attachment 16 is exposed in the region of its outer circumference up to two planes parallel to the meridian plane M.
  • the support body 90 and the counter-holder 92 are moved together out of the cylinder bore 94 of the support body 72 and finally moved apart, so that the cup-shaped hollow body 10 with a pressed handle-shaped extension 16, that is to say a complete handle cup, can be removed.
  • the approach 16 only needs to be deburred; for this purpose it is generally sufficient to pass it between two parallel sanding belts or the like in order to remove the burrs formed between the membrane 60 and the two molded parts 74 and 74 '.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the extension 16 does not require any post-processing, since it has only been formed by the membrane 60. There is generally no disturbing burr on the inner circumferential surface of the projection 16 if the two molded parts 74 and 74 ', as usual, are made of hard steel and therefore, even after prolonged use, with the mold 50 closed, lie completely close together.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

For making ceramic hollow articles (10) with lateral appendix (16), in particle cups with handle, in a first operation a hollow article (10) is produced without appendix. In a second operation, the appendix (16) is isostatically pressed from a free-flowing ceramic mass and joined to the cup-shaped hollow article (10) by the isostatic pressing pressure. For carrying out this process, an apparatus is used which has mould parts (58, 74, 74') which can move with respect to each other and a membrane (60) which can be loaded with a fluid pressure for the isostatic pressing of free-flowing mass in a mould cavity (76) for an appendix (16) of a hollow article (10). In this arrangement, at least one of the mould parts (58, 74, 74') which can be moved with respect to each other has a contact surface (80, 80') for a separately produced hollow article (10). The mould cavity (76) has at least one mouth (78) lying in this contact surface (80, 80'). For bringing the hollow article (10) into contact with the contact surface (80, 80'), at least one supporting body (90) is provided. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 5.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 5.

Aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 33 04 576 ist ein Preßwerkzeug bekannt, mit dem ein becherförmiger keramischer Hohlkörper zusammen mit einem seitlichen Ansatz in Form eines Henkels in einem Arbeitsgang aus rieselfähiger keramischer Masse gepreßt werden soll. Die Vorrichtung hat ein als Patrize ausgebildetes unteres Formteil, über das eine becherförmige erste Membran gestülpt ist, und zwei obere Formteile, die in einer Meridianebene des zu pressenden Hohlkörpers und seines henkelförmigen Ansatzes aneinanderlegbar sind und gemeinsam eine Matrize bilden. Quer zu dieser Meridianebene ist in der Matrize ein Kern verschiebbar, um den sich in der Meridianebene eine schlauchförmige zweite Membran zum isostatischen Pressen des henkelförmigen Ansatzes herumerstreckt. Beide Membranen begrenzen den ihnen zugeordneten Teil des Formhohlraums von innen her. Oberhalb der becherförmigen ersten Membran ist ein Druckstempel angeordnet, der in einer oberen, aus der Matrize herausgezogenen Stellung einen Einfüllkanal für rieselfähige keramische Masse sowie einen Evakuierungskanal freigibt. Bei jedem Arbeitszyklus wird der gemeinsame Formhohlraum für den becherförmigen Hohlkörper und dessen henkelförmigen Ansatz von oben her mit keramischer Masse gefüllt. Dann wird der Druckstempel in die Matrize hinein abgesenkt, so daB er den Formhohlraum nach oben hin abschließt. Sodann wird Drucköl unter die becherförmige erste Membran sowie in die schlauchförmige zweite Membran eingeleitet, so daß die keramische Masse von beiden Membranen isostatisch gegen die becher- bzw. henkelförmigen Innenwände der Patrize gedrückt wird. Nach dem isostatischen Pressen wird der Druckstempel ein Stück weit nach oben gefahren, der Kern mit der zweiten Membran wird aus dem zugehörigen Teil des Formhohlraums herausgezogen und die beiden Formteile der Matrize werden auseinanderbewegt, damit der in einem Stück mit seinem henkelförmigen Ansatz gepreßte Hohlkörper entnommen werden kann.From the German published patent application 33 04 576 a pressing tool is known with which a cup-shaped ceramic hollow body is to be pressed together with a side attachment in the form of a handle in one operation from free-flowing ceramic mass. The device has a lower molded part designed as a male part, over which a cup-shaped first membrane is placed, and two upper molded parts which can be placed against one another in a meridian plane of the hollow body to be pressed and its handle-shaped attachment and together form a female part. A core can be displaced transversely to this meridian plane in the matrix, around which a tubular second membrane extends in the meridian plane for isostatic pressing of the handle-shaped attachment. Both membranes delimit the part of the mold cavity assigned to them from the inside. Above the cup-shaped first A diaphragm is arranged in the diaphragm which, in an upper position pulled out of the die, releases a filling channel for free-flowing ceramic mass and an evacuation channel. In each working cycle, the common mold cavity for the cup-shaped hollow body and its handle-shaped attachment are filled with ceramic mass from above. The plunger is then lowered into the die so that it closes off the mold cavity. Pressure oil is then introduced under the cup-shaped first membrane and into the tubular second membrane, so that the ceramic mass of both membranes is pressed isostatically against the cup-shaped or handle-shaped inner walls of the male part. After the isostatic pressing, the plunger is moved upward a little, the core with the second membrane is pulled out of the associated part of the mold cavity and the two mold parts of the die are moved apart so that the hollow body pressed in one piece with its handle-shaped attachment is removed can.

Isostatisch gepreßte Formlinge expandieren bekanntlich sobald sie vom Preßdruck entlastet werden. Dies hat bei dem vorstehend beschriebenen bekannten Preßwerkzeug zur Folge, daß zwischen den Außenwänden des Hohlkörpers und seines henkelförmigen Ansatzes und den dazu komplementären Innenwänden der die Matrize bildenden Formteile Spannungen entstehen, so daß der Formling schon beim Entnehmen aus dem Formwerkzeug beschädigt werden oder beim anschließenden Brennen Risse erhalten kann.As is known, isostatically pressed moldings expand as soon as they are relieved of the pressure. In the known pressing tool described above, this has the result that tensions arise between the outer walls of the hollow body and its handle-shaped extension and the complementary inner walls of the molded parts forming the die, so that the molded article is damaged as soon as it is removed from the molding tool or during subsequent firing Can get cracks.

Diese Gefahren werden bei einem anderen, aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 36 26 365 bekannten Preßwerkzeug zum isostatischen Pressen von becherförmigen keramischen Hohlkörpern mit seitlichem Ansatz, insbesondere von Henkeltassen, weitgehend vermieden. Auch dort ist ein unteres Formteil als Patrize ausgebildet; als Matrize dient jedoch ein einstückiges oberes Formteil, das mit einer einzigen Membran zum isostatischen Pressen ausgekleidet ist. Die Membran bildet die Außenfläche des zu pressenden keramischen Hohlkörpers sowie die Innenfläche und einen Teil der äußeren Kontur des zugehörigen henkelförmigen Ansatzes. Der übrige Teil der Kontur des Ansatzes wird jedoch von einem starren Stützteil gebildet, das in die Patrize eingesetzt ist. Dies hat zur Folge, daß der henkelförmige Ansatz im Bereich dieses Teils der Kontur nicht gleichmäßig isostatisch verdichtet werden kann, wodurch ebenfalls Fehlbildungen beim Pressen oder Risse beim anschließenden Brennen entstehen können.These dangers are eliminated in another pressing tool known from German Offenlegungsschrift 36 26 365 for isostatic pressing of cup-shaped ceramic hollow bodies with a lateral attachment, in particular handle cups, largely avoided. A lower molded part is also formed there as a male; however, a one-piece upper molded part, which is lined with a single membrane for isostatic pressing, serves as the die. The membrane forms the outer surface of the ceramic hollow body to be pressed as well as the inner surface and part of the outer contour of the associated handle-shaped extension. The remaining part of the contour of the approach is formed by a rigid support part which is inserted into the male. The consequence of this is that the handle-shaped attachment in the area of this part of the contour cannot be uniformly compressed isostatically, which can also result in malformations during pressing or cracks during the subsequent firing.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein isostatisches Preßverfahren und eine zum Durchführen des Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit denen sich keramische Hohlkörper mit seitlichem Ansatz, insbesondere Henkeltassen, derart pressen lassen, daß Beschädigungen beim Entnehmen und auch beim anschließenden Brennen der gepreßten Formlinge mit größerer Sicherheit vermieden werden.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an isostatic pressing method and a device suitable for carrying out the method, with which ceramic hollow bodies with a lateral attachment, in particular handle cups, can be pressed in such a way that damage occurs during removal and also during subsequent firing of the pressed moldings can be avoided with greater certainty.

Die Aufgabe ist, soweit sie das Verfahren betrifft, erfindungsgemäß ausgehend von einem Verfahren gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 dadurch gelöst, daß in einem ersten Arbeitsgang ein Hohlkörper ohne Ansatz hergestellt wird und der Ansatz in einem zweiten Arbeitsgang hergestellt und dabei durch den isostatischen Preßdruck mit dem Hohlkörper verbunden wird.The object is, insofar as it relates to the method, according to the invention, based on a method according to the preamble of claim 1, achieved in that a hollow body is produced without an attachment in a first operation, and the attachment is produced in a second operation and thereby by the isostatic pressing pressure with the Hollow body is connected.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen 2 bis 4.Advantageous developments of the method according to the invention result from claims 2 to 4.

Soweit die Aufgabe die Vorrichtung betrifft, ist sie erfindungsgemäß ausgehend von einer Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 5 dadurch gelöst, daß

  • mindestens eines der gegeneinander beweglichen Formteile eine Anlagefläche für den gesondert hergestellten Hohlkörper aufweist,
  • der Formhohlraum mindestens eine in dieser Anlagefläche liegende Mündung aufweist und
  • zum Anlegen des Hohlkörpers an die Anlagefläche mindestens ein Stützkörper vorgesehen ist.
As far as the object relates to the device, it is achieved according to the invention based on a device according to the preamble of claim 5 in that
  • at least one of the mutually movable molded parts has a contact surface for the separately produced hollow body,
  • the mold cavity has at least one mouth lying in this contact surface and
  • at least one support body is provided for placing the hollow body on the contact surface.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen 6 bis 9.Advantageous developments of the device according to the invention result from claims 6 to 9.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung anhand schematischer Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Meridianschnitt eines Formwerkzeugs zum isostatischen Pressen becherförmiger Hohlkörper;
Fig. 2
einen entsprechenden Meridianschnitt eines Formwerkzeugs zum isostatischen Pressen henkelförmiger Ansätze;
Fig. 3
den Querschnitt III-III in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
einen der Fig. 2 entsprechenden Meridianschnitt mit weiteren Einzelheiten;
Fig. 5
den Querschnitt V-V in Fig. 4 in einer Preßstellung;
Fig. 6
einen entsprechenden Querschnitt in einer Entnahmestellung.
An exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a meridian section of a mold for isostatic pressing cup-shaped hollow body;
Fig. 2
a corresponding meridian section of a mold for isostatic pressing of handle-shaped approaches;
Fig. 3
the cross section III-III in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
one of FIG. 2 corresponding meridian section with further details;
Fig. 5
the cross section VV in Figure 4 in a pressing position.
Fig. 6
a corresponding cross-section in a removal position.

Die dargestellte Vorrichtung dient zum isostatischen Pressen von Tassen, die aus je einem becherförmigen Hohlkörper 10 mit einer beispielsweise zylindrischen äußeren Wand 12 und einem Boden 14 sowie einem an der Wand 12 befestigten Ansatz 16 bestehen. Der Ansatz 16 hat im dargestellten Beispiel die Form eines üblichen Tassenhenkels mit zwei Verbindungsflächen 18, mit denen er an die Wand 12 angesetzt ist.The device shown is used for isostatic pressing of cups, which each consist of a cup-shaped hollow body 10 with, for example, a cylindrical outer wall 12 and a bottom 14 and an attachment 16 fastened to the wall 12. The approach 16 has shown in the Example, the shape of a conventional cup handle with two connecting surfaces 18 with which it is attached to the wall 12.

Zum isostatischen Pressen des becherförmigen Hohlkörpers 10 ist das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Formwerkzeug 20 vorgesehen. Dessen Hauptbestandteile sind eine Platte 22, die in üblicher Weise an einem nicht dargestellten Tisch einer vorzugsweise liegenden Presse zu befestigen ist und eine im wesentlichen zylindrische Aussparung 24 sowie einen in diese mündenden Fluidkanal 26 aufweist. In der Aussparung 24 ist ein als Matrize ausgebildetes Formteil 28 aufgenommen, in das eine elastische Membran 30 eingelegt ist. Diese ist an ihrem äußeren Rand zwischen einem Stützring 32 und einem Klemmring 34 eingespannt, welcher mit Schrauben 36 an der Platte 22 befestigt ist.The molding tool 20 shown in FIG. 1 is provided for isostatic pressing of the cup-shaped hollow body 10. Its main components are a plate 22 which is to be fastened in the usual way to a table (not shown) of a preferably lying press and has an essentially cylindrical recess 24 and a fluid channel 26 opening into it. In the recess 24, a shaped part 28 is received, in which an elastic membrane 30 is inserted. This is clamped at its outer edge between a support ring 32 and a clamping ring 34 which is fastened to the plate 22 with screws 36.

Die Membran 30 hat eine im wesentlichen konkave, in Fig. 1 nach links weisende Innenfläche, die zur Außenfläche des zu pressenden Hohlkörpers 10 komplementär ist, und eine Rückseite, die im Ruhezustand der Membran am Formteil 28 anliegt. Das Formteil 28 enthält Kanäle 38, die den Fluidkanal 26 mit der Rückseite der Membran 30 verbinden. Der Fluidkanal 26 läßt sich, wie üblich, abwechselnd an eine Vakuumquelle und an eine Druckölquelle anschließen, so daß die Membran 30 bei jedem Betriebszyklus zunächst an das Formteil 28 angesaugt und dann von diesem weggedrückt werden kann.The membrane 30 has a substantially concave inner surface, which points to the left in FIG. 1, which is complementary to the outer surface of the hollow body 10 to be pressed, and a rear surface which rests on the molded part 28 when the membrane is at rest. The molded part 28 contains channels 38 which connect the fluid channel 26 to the back of the membrane 30. The fluid channel 26 can, as usual, be connected alternately to a vacuum source and to a pressure oil source, so that the membrane 30 can be sucked into the molded part 28 during each operating cycle and then pressed away from it.

Das Formwerkzeug 20 hat ferner eine in Fig. 1 links dargestellte Platte 40, die an einem nur angedeuteten Stößel 42 der erwähnten Presse zu befestigen ist und an ihrer dem Formteil 28 zugewandten Seite ein als Patrize ausgebildetes Formteil 44 aufweist, dessen Oberfläche zur Innenfläche des zu pressenden Hohlkörpers 10 komplementär ist.The molding tool 20 also has a plate 40 shown on the left in FIG. 1, which is to be attached to a ram 42 of the press mentioned and only has a molded part 44 formed as a male part on its side facing the molded part 28, the surface of which is towards the inner surface of the mold pressing hollow body 10 is complementary.

Zwischen der Membran 30 und dem Formteil 44 ist ein Formhohlraum 46 ausgebildet, der sich durch einen Füllkanal 48 mit rieselfähiger keramischer Masse üblicher Korngröße füllen läßt.Between the membrane 30 and the molded part 44, a mold cavity 46 is formed, which can be filled through a filling channel 48 with free-flowing ceramic mass of the usual grain size.

Zum isostatischen Pressen des Ansatzes 16 ist ein weiteres Formwerkzeug 50 vorgesehen, das in Fig. 2 und 3 einzeln dargestellt ist. Hauptbestandteil des Formwerkzeugs 50 ist eine im dargestellten Beispiel untere Platte 52 mit einer Aussparung 54, in die ein Fluidkanal 56 mündet und in der ein als Matrize gestaltetes Formteil 58 aufgenommen ist. Auf dem Formteil 58 liegt eine Membran 60, deren äußerer Rand zwischen einer außen am Formteil 58 ausgebildeten ringförmigen Schulter 62 und einem Klemmring 64 eingespannt ist. Zu diesem Zweck ist der Klemmring 64 mit Schrauben 66 an der Platte 52 befestigt.A further molding tool 50 is provided for the isostatic pressing of the projection 16, which is shown individually in FIGS. 2 and 3. The main component of the molding tool 50 is a lower plate 52 in the example shown with a recess 54 into which a fluid channel 56 opens and in which a molding 58 designed as a die is received. On the molded part 58 there is a membrane 60, the outer edge of which is clamped between an annular shoulder 62 formed on the molded part 58 and a clamping ring 64. For this purpose, the clamping ring 64 is fastened to the plate 52 with screws 66.

Die Membran 60 bildet die gesamte Außenfläche des zu pressenden Ansatzes 16 und läßt sich durch Kanäle 68 im Formteil 58, die mit dem Fluidkanal 56 kommunizieren, in jedem Arbeitszyklus erst an das Formteil 58 ansaugen und dann von ihm wegdrücken. Insoweit arbeitet das Formwerkzeug 50 ebenso wie das Formwerkzeug 20 in üblicher Weise.The membrane 60 forms the entire outer surface of the projection 16 to be pressed and can be sucked into the molding 58 in each working cycle by channels 68 in the molded part 58, which communicate with the fluid channel 56, and then pressed away from it. To this extent, the molding tool 50, like the molding tool 20, operates in the usual way.

Zu dem Formwerkzeug 50 gehören ferner zwei obere Platten 70 und 70', die in einer im folgenden als Meridianebene M bezeichneten gemeinsamen Mittelebene des becherförmigen Hohlkörpers 10 und seines Ansatzes 16 aneinanderliegen, wenn das Formwerkzeug 50 geschlossen ist, wie in Fig. 2 und 3 und auch in Fig. 4 und 5 dargestellt. Die beiden Platten 70 und 70' sind an einem gemeinsamen Tragkörper 72 aufgehängt und derart geführt, daß sie normal zur Meridianebene M, symmetrisch zu dieser, zueinander hin und voneinander weg verschiebbar sind.The mold 50 also includes two upper plates 70 and 70 ', which lie against one another in a common central plane of the cup-shaped hollow body 10 and its shoulder 16, which is referred to as meridian plane M when the mold 50 is closed, as in FIGS. 2 and 3 and also shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The two plates 70 and 70 'are suspended from a common support body 72 and guided in such a way that they can be displaced towards and away from one another normal to the meridian plane M, symmetrical to the latter.

An der Unterseite jeder der beiden Platten 70 und 70' ist ein Formteil 74 bzw. 74' ausgebildet; diese beiden Formteile bilden zusammen eine Patrize, die gemeinsam mit der Membran 60 einen Formhohlraum 76 für das isostatische Pressen des henkelförmigen Ansatzes 16 begrenzt. Der Formhohlraum 76 hat zwei Mündungen 78, die in einer an der Oberseite der beiden Platten 70 und 70' ausgebildeten, hohlzylindrischen Anlagefläche 80, 80' liegen.A molded part 74 and 74 'is formed on the underside of each of the two plates 70 and 70'; these two molded parts together form a male part which, together with the membrane 60, delimits a mold cavity 76 for the isostatic pressing of the handle-shaped extension 16. The mold cavity 76 has two openings 78 which lie in a hollow cylindrical contact surface 80, 80 'formed on the upper side of the two plates 70 and 70'.

Durch die Mündungen 78 läßt sich der Formhohlraum 76 mit rieselfähiger keramischer Masse füllen. Zu diesem Zweck kann eine Füllvorrichtung verwendet werden, die auf die Anlagefläche 80, 80' aufsetzbar ist und zwei Auslässe aufweist, die sich mit je einer der beiden Münungen 78 in Deckung bringen lassen.Through the mouths 78, the mold cavity 76 can be filled with free-flowing ceramic mass. For this purpose, a filling device can be used which can be placed on the contact surface 80, 80 'and has two outlets which can be brought into register with one of the two coins 78.

An der unteren Platte 52 sind mindestens zwei senkrechte Bolzen 82 befestigt, die eine maßgenau geschliffene Oberfläche aufweisen und in je einer entsprechend bearbeiteten Büchse 84 in der Platte 70 bzw. 70' geführt sind. Somit läßt sich die Platte 52 samt Formteil 58 und Membran 60 von unten her in einer Schließbewegung an die beiden Platten 70 und 70' anlegen, wenn diese zuvor in die Stellung gemäß Fig. 3 und 5 gebracht worden sind, in der sie in der Meridianebene M aneinanderliegen. Als Führungen für die Bewegungen der beiden Platten 70 und 70' normal zur Meridianebene M sind im dargetellten Beispiel entsprechende, jedoch waagerechte Bolzen 86 und Büchsen 88 vorgesehen.At least two vertical bolts 82 are fastened to the lower plate 52, which have a dimensionally ground surface and are each guided in a correspondingly machined bushing 84 in the plate 70 or 70 '. Thus, the plate 52 together with the molded part 58 and membrane 60 can be applied from below in a closing movement to the two plates 70 and 70 'if these have previously been brought into the position according to FIGS. 3 and 5, in which they are in the meridian plane M lie together. Appropriate but horizontal bolts 86 and bushings 88 are provided in the illustrated example as guides for the movements of the two plates 70 and 70 'normal to the meridian plane M.

Ehe in dem in Fig. 2 und 3 gesondert dargestellten Formwerkzeug 50 ein Ansatz 16 gepreßt werden kann, müssen die Mündungen 78 des mit keramischem Granulat gefüllten Formhohlraums 76 verschlossen werden. Das geschieht dadurch, daß ein zuvor im Formwerkzeug 20 gemäß Fig. 1 gepreßter becherförmiger Hohlkörper 10 mit seiner zylindrischen äußeren Wand 12 dicht auf die Mündungen 78 gedrückt wird. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Hohlkörper 10 dem Formwerkzeug 20 entnommen und zwischen einem in ihn eindringenden Stützkörper 90 sowie einem von außen her an seinen Boden 14 angelegten Gegenhalter 92 eingespannt und sodann in die Stellung gemäß Fig. 4 und 5 gebracht.Before an attachment 16 can be pressed in the mold 50 shown separately in FIGS. 2 and 3, the openings 78 of the mold cavity 76 filled with ceramic granulate must be closed. This is done in that a cup-shaped hollow body 10 previously pressed in the mold 20 according to FIG. 1 with its cylindrical outer wall 12 is pressed tightly onto the mouths 78. For this purpose, the hollow body 10 is removed from the molding tool 20 and clamped between a support body 90 penetrating into it and a counter-holder 92 placed on its base 14 from the outside and then brought into the position according to FIGS. 4 and 5.

Stützkörper 90 und Gegenhalter 92, die beide eine zylindrische Außenfläche haben, sind kolbenartig verschiebbar in einer Zylinderbohrung 94 des Tragkörpers 72 geführt und mit je einer hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Kolbenzylindereinheit 96 bzw. 98 verbunden. Diese sind derart gesteuert, daß der becherförmige Hohlkörper 10 bei der Bewegung in die Stellung gemäß Fig. 4 und 5 ständig fest zwischen Stützkörper 90 und Gegenhalter 92 eingespannt bleibt.Support body 90 and counter-holder 92, both of which have a cylindrical outer surface, are displaceably guided in a piston-like manner in a cylinder bore 94 of the support body 72 and are each connected to a hydraulic or pneumatic piston-cylinder unit 96 or 98. These are controlled in such a way that the cup-shaped hollow body 10 remains firmly clamped between the support body 90 and the counter-holder 92 during the movement into the position according to FIGS. 4 and 5.

Zum isostatischen Pressen des Ansatzes 16 wird durch den Fluidkanal 56 und weiter durch die Kanäle 68 Drucköl an die Unterseite der Membran 60 geleitet, wie dies beim isostatischen Pressen an sich üblich ist. Eine Besonderheit der dargestellten Vorrichtung besteht darin, daß der Ansatz 16, während er isostatisch gepreßt wird, zugleich an den zuvor gepreßten Hohlkörper 10 angepreßt und mit diesem zu einer Einheit verbunden wird, ohne daß dadurch die Gleichmäßigkeit der isostatischen Pressung beeinträchtigt wird.For the isostatic pressing of the attachment 16, pressure oil is passed through the fluid channel 56 and further through the channels 68 to the underside of the membrane 60, as is customary in isostatic pressing. A special feature of the device shown is that the projection 16, while it is isostatically pressed, is simultaneously pressed against the previously pressed hollow body 10 and connected to it to form a unit without the uniformity of the isostatic pressure being impaired thereby.

Anschließend wird der Raum unterhalb der Membran 60 wieder von Drucköl entlastet und unter Vakuum gesetzt. Sodann wird die Platte 52 samt Formteil 58 und Membran 60 nach unten abgezogen, wodurch der gepreßte Ansatz 16 im Bereich seines äußeren Umfangs bis hin zu zwei zur Meridianebene M parallelen Ebenen freigelegt wird. Anschließend werden die beiden Formteile 74 und 74' quer zur Meridianebene M auseinanderbewegt, so daß der Ansatz 16 auch im Bereich seines inneren Umfangs bis hin zu den beiden genannten, zur Meridianebene M parallelen Ebenen freigelegt wird. Sodann werden Stützkörper 90 und Gegenhalter 92 gemeinsam aus der Zylinderbohrung 94 des Tragkörpers 72 herausbewegt und schließlich auseinanderbewegt, so daß der becherförmige Hohlkörper 10 mit angepreßtem henkelförmigen Ansatz 16, also eine vollständige Henkeltasse, entnommen werden kann.The space below the membrane 60 is then relieved of pressure oil and placed under vacuum. The plate 52 together with the molded part 58 and membrane 60 is then pulled down, as a result of which the pressed attachment 16 is exposed in the region of its outer circumference up to two planes parallel to the meridian plane M. Then the two molded parts 74 and 74 'are moved apart transversely to the meridian plane M, so that the extension 16 also in the area of its inner circumference up to the two planes mentioned, parallel to the meridian plane M, is exposed. Then the support body 90 and the counter-holder 92 are moved together out of the cylinder bore 94 of the support body 72 and finally moved apart, so that the cup-shaped hollow body 10 with a pressed handle-shaped extension 16, that is to say a complete handle cup, can be removed.

Der Ansatz 16 braucht nur noch entgratet zu werden; zu diesem Zweck genügt es im allgemeinen, ihn zwischen zwei parallelen Schleifbändern oder dergleichen hindurchzuführen, um die zwischen der Membran 60 und den beiden Formteilen 74 und 74' gebildeten Grate zu beseitigen. Die äußere Umfangsfläche des Ansatzes 16 bedarf keiner Nachbearbeitung, da sie nur von der Membran 60 geformt worden ist. An der inneren Umfangsfläche des Ansatzes 16 bildet sich im allgemeinen kein störender Grat, wenn die beiden Formteile 74 und 74', wie üblich, aus hartem Stahl bestehen und deshalb auch nach längerem Gebrauch bei geschlossenem Formwerkzeug 50 völlig dicht aneinanderliegen.The approach 16 only needs to be deburred; for this purpose it is generally sufficient to pass it between two parallel sanding belts or the like in order to remove the burrs formed between the membrane 60 and the two molded parts 74 and 74 '. The outer circumferential surface of the extension 16 does not require any post-processing, since it has only been formed by the membrane 60. There is generally no disturbing burr on the inner circumferential surface of the projection 16 if the two molded parts 74 and 74 ', as usual, are made of hard steel and therefore, even after prolonged use, with the mold 50 closed, lie completely close together.

Claims (9)

Verfahren zum Herstellen keramischer Hohlkörper (10) mit seitlichem Ansatz (16), insbesondere von Henkeltassen, bei dem der Ansatz aus rieselfähiger keramischer Masse isostatisch gepreßt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einem ersten Arbeitsgang ein Hohlkörper (10) ohne Ansatz hergestellt wird und der Ansatz (16) in einem zweiten Arbeitsgang hergestellt und dabei durch den isostatischen Preßdruck mit dem becherförmigen Hohlkörper (10) verbunden wird.Method for producing hollow ceramic bodies (10) with a side attachment (16), in particular handle cups, in which the attachment is pressed isostatically from free-flowing ceramic mass,
characterized in that a hollow body (10) is produced in a first operation without an attachment and the attachment (16) is produced in a second operation and is connected to the cup-shaped hollow body (10) by the isostatic pressing pressure. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlkörper (10) in dem ersten Arbeitsgang ebenfalls isostatisch gepreßt wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the hollow body (10) is also isostatically pressed in the first operation. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeweils während des Pressens eines Hohlkörpers (10) in einem ersten Formwerkzeug (20) ein zweites Formwerkzeug (50) für das Pressen eines Ansatzes (16) vorbereitet wird, indem ein Formhohlraum (76) des zweiten Formwerkzeugs (50) mit rieselfähiger keramischer Masse gefüllt wird.Method according to claim 2,
characterized in that in each case during the pressing of a hollow body (10) in a first molding tool (20), a second molding tool (50) is prepared for pressing a shoulder (16) by including a molding cavity (76) of the second molding tool (50) pourable ceramic mass is filled. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlkörper (10) an seiner Innenseite abgestützt wird, während die den Ansatz (16) bildende keramische Masse dem isostatischen Preßdruck ausgesetzt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the hollow body (10) is supported on its inside, while the ceramic mass forming the extension (16) is exposed to the isostatic pressing pressure. Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 mit gegeneinander bewegbaren Formteilen (58, 74, 74') und einer mit Fluiddruck belastbaren Membran (60) zum isostatischen Pressen rieselfähiger keramischer Masse in einem Formhohlraum (76) für einen Ansatz (16) eines Hohlkörpers (10),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß - mindestens eines der gegeneinander bewegbaren Formteile (58, 74, 74') eine Anlagefläche (80, 80') für den gesondert hergestellten Hohlkörper (10) aufweist, - der Formhohlraum (76) mindestens eine in dieser Anlagefläche (80, 80') liegende Mündung (78) aufweist und - zum Anlegen des Hohlkörpers (10) an die Anlagefläche (80, 80') mindestens ein Stützkörper (90) vorgesehen ist. Device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 4 with mold parts (58, 74, 74 ') which can be moved relative to one another and a membrane (60) which can be subjected to fluid pressure for isostatic pressing of free-flowing ceramic mass in a mold cavity (76) for a shoulder (16 ) a hollow body (10),
characterized in that - at least one of the mutually movable molded parts (58, 74, 74 ') has a contact surface (80, 80') for the separately produced hollow body (10), - The mold cavity (76) has at least one mouth (78) lying in this contact surface (80, 80 ') and - At least one support body (90) is provided for placing the hollow body (10) on the contact surface (80, 80 '). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stützkörper (90) dem Innenraum des Hohlkörpers (10) angepaßt ist.Device according to claim 5,
characterized in that the support body (90) is adapted to the interior of the hollow body (10). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Gegenhalter (92) von außen her an den Hohlkörper (10) anlegbar ist.Apparatus according to claim 6,
characterized in that a counter-holder (92) can be placed on the hollow body (10) from the outside. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein als Matrize ausgebildetes Formteil (58) mit der Membran (60) zum isostatischen Pressen des Ansatzes (16) ausgekleidet ist.Device according to one of claims 5 to 7,
characterized in that a shaped part (58) designed as a matrix is lined with the membrane (60) for isostatic pressing of the attachment (16). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Pressen henkelförmiger Ansätze (16) zwei Formteile (74, 74'), die gemeinsam eine Patrize bilden, je einen Teil der Anlagefläche (80, 80') für den gesondert hergestellten becherförmigen Hohlkörper (10) aufweisen, in einer Meridianebene (M) des Hohlkörpers (10) und seines Ansatzes (16) geteilt und normal zu dieser Meridianebene (M) gegeneinander bewegbar sind.Device according to claim 8,
characterized in that for pressing handle-shaped lugs (16) two molded parts (74, 74 '), which together form a male, each have a part of the contact surface (80, 80') for the separately produced cup-shaped hollow body (10), in one Meridian plane (M) of the hollow body (10) and its attachment (16) are divided and can be moved relative to each other normal to this meridian plane (M).
EP91117307A 1990-10-11 1991-10-10 Process and apparatus for making ceramic hollow articles with lateral appendix, in particular cups with handle Expired - Lifetime EP0480430B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4032316 1990-10-11
DE4032316A DE4032316C1 (en) 1990-10-11 1990-10-11

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EP0480430A3 EP0480430A3 (en) 1993-03-24
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JP (1) JPH05154825A (en)
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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0533142A1 (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-03-24 Erich Netzsch GmbH &amp; Co. Holding KG Process for making ceramic vessels with handles and press mould for pressing such vessels
WO1994023917A1 (en) * 1993-04-08 1994-10-27 Erich Netzsch Gmbh & Co. Holding Kg Tool for the isostatic pressing of handled containers

Families Citing this family (2)

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DE102013004047A1 (en) 2013-03-08 2014-09-11 Dorst Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Press arrangement and method for pressing a pressed part
CN106536141B (en) 2014-07-15 2021-04-09 道尔斯特技术有限两合公司 Extrusion device and method for extruding an extrusion

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US2489798A (en) * 1945-11-07 1949-11-29 Miller Pottery Engineering Co Apparatus for pottery appendaging
DE3304576A1 (en) * 1983-02-10 1984-08-16 Laeis-Werke Ag, 5500 Trier METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING DEEP CONE OR CYLINDRICAL CERAMIC HOLLOW BODIES FROM POWDER-SHAPED OR GRANULAR-PRESSING MASS BY ISOSTATIC PRESSING
DE3626365A1 (en) * 1986-08-04 1988-02-11 Dorst Masch & Anlagen DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DEEP CYLINDRICAL OR TAPERED MOLDED BODIES PROVIDED WITH A LATERAL CONTINUATION, IN PARTICULAR HANGING CUPS

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2489798A (en) * 1945-11-07 1949-11-29 Miller Pottery Engineering Co Apparatus for pottery appendaging
DE3304576A1 (en) * 1983-02-10 1984-08-16 Laeis-Werke Ag, 5500 Trier METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING DEEP CONE OR CYLINDRICAL CERAMIC HOLLOW BODIES FROM POWDER-SHAPED OR GRANULAR-PRESSING MASS BY ISOSTATIC PRESSING
DE3626365A1 (en) * 1986-08-04 1988-02-11 Dorst Masch & Anlagen DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DEEP CYLINDRICAL OR TAPERED MOLDED BODIES PROVIDED WITH A LATERAL CONTINUATION, IN PARTICULAR HANGING CUPS

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0533142A1 (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-03-24 Erich Netzsch GmbH &amp; Co. Holding KG Process for making ceramic vessels with handles and press mould for pressing such vessels
WO1994023917A1 (en) * 1993-04-08 1994-10-27 Erich Netzsch Gmbh & Co. Holding Kg Tool for the isostatic pressing of handled containers
CN1039393C (en) * 1993-04-08 1998-08-05 埃里希内奇控股公司 Tool for the isostatic pressing of handled containers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0480430B1 (en) 1995-04-26
JPH05154825A (en) 1993-06-22
DE59105314D1 (en) 1995-06-01
KR920007765A (en) 1992-05-27
DE4032316C1 (en) 1992-02-13
EP0480430A3 (en) 1993-03-24

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