EP0478806A1 - Procedure for the disposal of asbestos in vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to develop a method for the disposal of asbestos from vehicles, in such a way that improved protection of people and of the environment against released asbestos fibres is ensured, a stationary disposal system constructed in the form of a fixed disposal building is provided, in which system stationary vacuum-producing devices, asbestos buffer units and decontamination devices for the staff are arranged. The vehicles are brought to the building and subjected there at least over certain areas to a partial vacuum. A disposal system 1 for vehicles for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims comprises at least one working space 2 whose air pressure can be lowered in relation to normal pressure, into which the vehicles can be brought and/or to which the vehicles 36 can be coupled in a vacuum-tight manner with lock elements 31.

Description

The invention relates to a method for asbestos disposal from vehicles and a disposal system for performing the method.

Problem

• Spitzasbestputze, Asbestmatten, Asbestschnüre und Dichtungen, Asbestschaum und -kleber, asbesthaltige Vinylbodenplatten, asbesthaltige Feuerschutzplatten sowie asbesthaltige Bremsbeläge.

In the past, asbestos materials in various shapes and compositions have been used in vehicle construction. In particular, spray asbestos material that has been installed for fire protection for sound and thermal insulation or for moisture protection in vehicle interiors is to be regarded as particularly critical. In addition, large quantities of sheet-like asbestos materials of different bulk densities were installed in vehicles, including fiber cement products. The most common uses for such asbestos materials were:

• Pointed asbestos plasters, asbestos mats, asbestos cords and seals, asbestos foam and glue, asbestos-containing vinyl floor panels, asbestos-containing fire protection panels and asbestos-containing brake pads.

In the past, it has been found that such asbestos materials are extremely harmful to health, and the lighter they are, the more critical they are to be viewed. A current limit has been set at a bulk density of 1000kg / m ³ , materials that are below this limit - materials with 400kg / m ³ have also been found - have a far higher and thus far more dangerous fiber release potential than the more firmly bonded asbestos materials.

Natural aging processes, mechanical influences as well as chemical and climatic influences also cause a progressive dissolution of the surface structure and thus high asbestos fiber emission values.

State of the art:

• Der Asbest wird aus den betroffenen Fahrzeugen entfernt, wozu ein Bautrupp im Freien mit Abbruchwerkzeugen und Absaugvorrichtungen in oder an den Fahrzeugen arbeitet. Schutzvorrichtungen für die beschäftigten Arbeiter und die Umwelt bleiben dabei völlig auf der Strecke, insbesondere beim Ausbruch von fest in Fahrzeugen verbauten Asbestelementen werden ungeheuere Fasermengen frei, die unbeeinflußt Mensch und Umwelt kontaminieren.

In the past, people have already started to dispose of vehicles made of asbestos materials. The following procedures are usually used:

• The asbestos is removed from the affected vehicles, for which a construction team works outdoors with demolition tools and suction devices in or on the vehicles. Protective devices for the employed workers and the environment are completely neglected, especially when asbestos elements permanently installed in vehicles are broken out, enormous amounts of fibers are released, which contaminate humans and the environment unaffected.

Attempts have also already been made to attach movable vacuum-holding suction systems to vehicles and thus to create a certain vacuum inside the vehicle. Such a procedure is not optimal, however, in that the disposal workers must constantly enter the vehicle to be disposed of and doors must therefore be opened and closed, as a result of which asbestos fiber is released into the environment. In addition, workers leaving the vehicle inevitably carry considerable amounts of fiber with them in their protective suits, which are usually sprayed off with a jet of water or a shower and disappear unhindered in the sewage system or in the ground.

Task

The invention has for its object to provide a method for asbestos disposal from vehicles and a disposal system for performing the method, which ensure improved protection of people and the environment against released asbestos fibers. This object is achieved according to the combination of features of claim 1 in that a stationary disposal facility designed in the form of a fixed disposal building is provided, in which stationary vacuum-generating device, intermediate asbestos storage units and cleaning devices are arranged for the active personnel, and the vehicles are brought to the building and there, at least in some areas, a vacuum is applied.

It is regarded as the core idea of the invention to introduce a contaminated vehicle object into a non-contaminated hall (thus a white area) or to dock it onto it. This creates a work area (black area) that is larger than the actually contaminated area, whereby fiber cannot be released to the outside through permanent negative pressure maintenance. On the black area, z. B. also be installed in solid construction central supply and disposal facilities and lock systems, technology and security units. It is also conceivable to dock these facilities in the form of mobile units, small locks, chambers etc. directly on the object to be disposed of in the hall.

The combination of features mentioned above makes it possible for the first time to specifically catch or filter fibers accumulating when asbestos materials break out of vehicles, to temporarily store them within a closed building, to bind them if necessary, or to encapsulate them in some other way, including those in the personnel cleaning processes of protective suits and Such washed away fibers or asbestos components can be intercepted and disposed of in a targeted manner. Through the Negative pressurization of the vehicles and the vehicle hall avoids the release of fibers through leaks in the vehicles and / or the hall to the environment. If vacuum or vacuum is mentioned in the application, it should be made clear that a pressure difference of 20 pascals compared to normal pressure is sufficient during working hours to avoid fiber release to the environment, while 10 pascal pressure differences are sufficient during non-working periods normal pressure.

According to claim 2, it is possible to completely drive the vehicle to be disposed of into a disposal hall and to seal the entrance opening of the hall airtight. This has the advantage that all vehicle openings can remain completely open during the disposal process and the personnel have free access to the interior of the vehicle, which has a positive effect on the working speed and thus on the dwell time of the workers in the black area.

Alternatively, however, it is also possible to dock the vehicles to a lock opening of the building and to largely seal the vehicle openings (with the exception of those acted upon by the lock opening) and to lower the air pressure in the building and in the vehicle (s) outside the building compared to normal pressure. This has the advantage that the building volume can be kept small compared to the method according to claim 2, also has an advantageous effect that the disposal personnel - without having to step outside of the vehicle - can swing back and forth between the vehicle interior and the building interior , which avoids fiber release due to protective clothing contamination. Detached asbestos parts in the vehicle can also be brought directly into the asbestos storage facility in the building, furthermore an air flow directed towards the building from the end of the vehicle that is remote from the building can be maintained, which inevitably results from the fact that the vacuum-generating systems are accommodated in the building and inevitably there are leaks in the vehicle , so that an air flow always transports flying asbestos fibers to the building.

The method according to claim 4 is advantageous in that the vehicles can be guided through the disposal building in throughput. In a throughput operation, opening times of the hall can be reduced, which has an overall beneficial effect on the environmental impact. Claim 5 teaches an inexpensive, space-saving procedure in which only a single asbestos storage facility can be used for several vehicles at the same time. The distances from the vehicles to the asbestos storage facility are reduced, which is advantageous for the amount of fibers in the air and the environment (claim 6). A further improvement in personal protection in the disposal halls is achieved by claim 7 in that the air pressure within the vehicles located in the disposal hall is increasingly reduced in areas compared to the hall air pressure.

Claims 8 and 9 relate to the advantageous supply of suction elements and fresh air lines for the active staff in an area that the workflow, ie. H. the breaking out or removal of asbestos parts from vehicle areas is not hindered. By arranging the disposal and supply lines above the vehicle roof, branch suction lines and branch fresh air lines can be lowered into the respective areas of the vehicle, so that lines and hoses are avoided in the area of the vehicle floor on which the workers have to move.

An elongated cable carrier for the supply lines and disposal lines is particularly advantageous, which is inserted under the vehicle roof and fixed there in vehicles, in particular in rail vehicles, along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

The disposal system for vehicles for performing the aforementioned method is characterized by at least one work space, the air pressure of which can be reduced compared to normal pressure, into which the vehicles can also be inserted and / or to which the vehicles with lock elements can be docked in a vacuum-tight manner. In particular, adjacent to the disposal hall, d. H. in the space into which the vehicles can be inserted or to which the vehicles can be docked vacuum-tight with lock elements, a personnel lock can be provided, on the side of which faces away from the disposal hall or the work area, an air shower with a suction device is arranged.

Workers can therefore enter a room directly from the disposal hall, in which the work suit is blown off and any fibers released are removed by a suction device.

According to claim 12, the height and width of the locks for docking the vehicles should be adjustable to vehicles such. B. trucks with large and small bodies, rail vehicles such as D-train wagons or freight wagons of different dimensions. It is particularly advantageous if the lock opening is connected to the disposal building via a movable, tunnel-like hose or pipe sections and can be connected to the vehicle opening in a vacuum-tight manner. Such tunnels are known like hose or tube sections at gates, however, gates have no vacuum-tight lock elements at their movable end.

In order to be able to dispose of as space-saving as possible and the so-called black area, i.e. H. To be able to keep the area contaminated by asbestos fibers as small as possible, it is advantageous if the disposal building at least partially has a round or polygonal section, on the circumference of which the lock openings are arranged.

A centrally controllable suction system should be provided for several vehicles and the suction elements should be able to be moved out of the disposal building into the vehicles in a star shape. Here, too, the thought plays an important role in bringing asbestos fibers that are produced and extracted into the intermediate storage point as concentrated as possible, where they can then be further processed. H. can be bound or otherwise encapsulated. Further advantageous designs of the waste disposal system result from claims 16 and 17, claim 16 describes a two-storey arrangement of the waste disposal system, with a strict separation between the personnel level and the supply level being observed, which is conducive to personnel security. Claim 17 is concerned with a negative pressure gradient which leads to an air flow which passes through the staff rooms in the direction of the black area.

The invention is explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments in the drawing figures.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform einer Entsorgungsanlage nach der Erfindung;
• Fig. 2 eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Entsorgungsanlage nach der Erfindung.

These show:

• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a disposal system according to the invention.
• Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a second embodiment of a disposal system according to the invention.

The disposal system 1 according to FIG. 1 consists i. w. from a work space 2 in the form of an elongated hall, the air pressure of which can be reduced compared to normal pressure and into which the vehicles can be moved in and out via entrance and exit gates 3, 4. The work area 2 is particularly suitable for the introduction of long rail vehicles which are approached on a track 5 which completely penetrates the work area 2.

Adjacent to the work area 2, further room complexes 6, 7 are provided, an asbestos intermediate store 8 being provided in the room complex 6 (referred to as the technology level), which is connected to the work area via suction lines 9. The suction lines penetrate the roof 10 of the work area and from there either open into individual suction devices or serve to extract the work area air.

In the area of the asbestos storage facility 8, a vacuum-maintaining device is also arranged, which ensures that the suction vacuum is maintained and also maintains the vacuum in the hall area.

Technical level 1 also includes other technical rooms, whereby compressed air can be generated in room 11, pressurized water is available in room 12 and a central pressure control system is housed in room 13.

The room complex 7, namely the personnel level, is arranged below the technology level. The personnel level comprises a changing room 14 which is provided with an entrance 15 and at the same time serves as a control room for the entire hall area. The changing room 14 is followed by a washroom 16 for the personnel, behind which a protective suit drop room 17 is arranged. An air shower 18 is provided downstream of the protective suit discharge space 17, in which the staff can blow off the largest proportion of fibers from the surface of the protective suit when it comes out of the black area via a storage space 19.

The order of the staff rooms shown creates the greatest possible security for the staff and for the environment, as fiber release to the outside is largely avoided.

The last effect can be further supported by maintaining an air flow directed in the direction of arrow 20 from the entrance area to the black area within the room alignment of the staff level, by means of which flying fibers within the staff tract are drawn back into the black area in any case.

In the following, reference is made to FIG. FIG. 2 shows a disposal building 30 which has a round cross section, around which the lock openings 31 are arranged. An operating building section 33 is connected via a connecting passage 32, in which the room complexes 6 and 7 can be accommodated. In addition, it is advantageous if a further processing system for the disposed asbestos material is accommodated in the operating building section 33, for example a system in which disposed asbestos is placed in concrete stone jackets, poured there and sealed off by the concrete stone jacket. Such elements can be used as components, so that the disposed asbestos does not have to be brought to landfill, but can be reused as intended but not harmful to health. Such components can be removed from the disposal system via gate 34.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, six lock openings 31 are provided, the lock opening designated I and IV Solutions 31 are penetrated by a track 35 so that rail vehicles can be docked at the respective lock openings. The lock openings 111 V and VI are used to dock road vehicles 36. All lock openings 31 are adjustable in height and width to adapt to the respective docked vehicles.

The lock opening 11 is connected to the disposal building 30 via a movable tunnel-like hose or a pipe section 37, the construction of the pipe section corresponds approximately to that of a movable gate, as can be docked on wide-body aircraft. This results in the possibility of also towing larger vehicles or, for example, airplanes to the disposal building and disposing of them there, if asbestos materials have been installed and identified as harmful to health. The outer tube section 37 'can be pivoted about an articulation 38 in the direction of the arrow 39, can be adjusted overall in height and can be lengthened and shortened by pulling in the foremost part with the lock opening in the direction of the arrow 40. The rear pipe section 37 ″ can also be lengthened and shortened in the direction of arrow 40.

2 prevail air currents, as shown by the arrow system 45, d. H. overall, a flow executed by the lock openings through the connecting passage to the operating building section 33 is maintained. Furthermore, a centrally controllable suction system is provided within the disposal building 30, from which the suction elements 50 can be moved out of the disposal building 30 into the vehicles essentially in a star shape.

A personnel lock 50 is provided in the connecting passage 32 between the work space or the disposal hall, which can be closed if necessary in order to separate the operating building section 33 from the actual disposal building 30.

REFERENCE SIGN LIST

• 1 disposal facility
• 2 work rooms
• 3 entrance gate
• 4 exit gate
• 5 tracks
• 6 room complex
• 7 room complex
• 8 temporary storage facilities
• 9 suction lines
• 10 roof
• 11 room
• 12 room
• 13 room
• 14 changing room
• 15 entrance
• 16 washroom
• 17 Protective suit discharge area
• 18 air shower
• 19 storage space
• 20 arrow direction
• 30 waste disposal buildings
• 31 lock openings
• 32 connecting passage
• 33 Company building section
• 34 gate
• 35 track
• 36 road vehicle
• 37 pipe section

Claims (17)

1.Procedure for asbestos disposal from vehicles, in which a stationary disposal facility designed in the form of a fixed disposal building is provided, in which stationary vacuum-generating devices, intermediate asbestos storage units and cleaning devices are arranged for the active personnel, and the vehicles are brought to the building and there at least in some areas be subjected to negative pressure. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which a disposal hall is provided for receiving the vehicles, which can be locked airtight at its at least one entrance and in which the air pressure can be reduced by the vacuum-generating devices compared to normal pressure. 3. The method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the vehicles are docked to a lock opening of the building and the vehicle openings are largely sealed and the air pressure in the building and in the vehicles outside the building is reduced compared to normal pressure. 4. The method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the disposal building has a plurality of access / exit openings and the vehicles are guided through the disposal building in throughput. 5. The method according to claim 3,
characterized,
that the disposal building has a plurality of lock openings and several vehicles can be docked at the same time and can be subjected to the same negative pressure. 6. The method according to claim 5,
marked by
a circular arrangement of the docked vehicles around the disposal building. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the air pressure within the vehicles located in the disposal hall is increasingly reduced in areas compared to the hall air pressure. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
marked by
the supply of suction elements and fresh air lines for the active personnel from an area above the vehicle roof. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that in the case of rail vehicles with at least one access at the front of the vehicle / at the rear of the vehicle, an elongated cable carrier is inserted and arranged under the vehicle ceiling. 10. Disposal system (1) for vehicles for performing the method according to one of the preceding claims,
marked by
at least one working space (2), the air pressure of which can be reduced compared to normal pressure, into which the vehicles can be inserted and / or to which the vehicles (36) can be docked in a vacuum-tight manner with lock elements (31). 11. Disposal system according to claim 10,
characterized,
that a personnel lock (50) is provided adjacent to the working space (2), on the side of which facing away from the working space (2) an air shower (18) with a suction device is arranged. 12. Disposal system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the height and width of the lock openings (31) for docking the vehicles (36) is adjustable. 13. Disposal system according to one of the preceding claims
characterized,
that at least one of the lock openings (31-11) is connected to the disposal building (30) via a movable, tunnel-like hose or pipe section (37) and can be connected to a vehicle opening in a vacuum-tight manner. 14. Disposal system according to one of the preceding claims
characterized,
that the disposal building (30) at least partially has a round or polygonal section, on the circumference of which the lock openings (31) are arranged. 15. Disposal system according to claim 14,
characterized,
that a centrally controllable suction system is provided for several vehicles and the suction elements (50) are extended in star shape from the disposal building (30) into the vehicles (36). 16. Disposal system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that, adjacent to the disposal hall (30) or the work area (2), the supply technology systems (e.g. vacuum generating system, high pressure generating system, asbestos intermediate layer, a device for connecting the fibers with a composite material, cleaning water and solvent tanks) are arranged on one level and on a level below with access for the personnel into the disposal hall (30) or the work space (2), stowage or lock space (19), an air shower (18) with suction system, a protective suit discharge space (17), a wash room ( 16) with asbestos fiber filters for the wastewater and finally a break room / changing room (14) are provided for the staff. 17. Disposal system according to one of the preceding claims
characterized,
that a negative pressure gradient (arrow 20) is maintained in the interconnected rooms lock room, air shower, work suit drop room, shower, wash room, changing room / break room such that the pressure increases starting from the lock room to the changing room.

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