EP0477256A1

EP0477256A1 - Piston engine.

Info

Publication number: EP0477256A1
Application number: EP90909647A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Josef Gail
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1989-06-12
Filing date: 1990-06-12
Publication date: 1992-04-01
Anticipated expiration: 2010-06-12
Also published as: US5375564A; EP0477256B1; DE59002494D1; JPH04506241A; WO1990015918A1

Abstract

La machine à piston utilisable en particulier comme moteur à combustion interne comprend un carter (1) avec un rotor (5) tournant autour d'un premier axe de rotation (7) et présentant trois paires de cylindres (15) mutuellement décalés de 120° par rapport au premier axe de rotation (7). Dans les cylindres (15) sont disposés des pistons (17) assemblés rigidement par paires au moyen de tiges (19). Le carter comporte également un vilebrequin (23) tournant autour d'un deuxième axe de rotation (25) décalé par rapport au premier axe (7) selon une excentricité prédéterminée (e). Les tiges (19) des paires de pistons sont guidées par des roulements excentriques (27, 31) disposés contre le vilebrequin (23). Ces roulements excentriques (27, 31) définissent, par rapport au vilebrequin (23), des axes de rotation (33) fixes et mutuellement décalés de 120°. Le rotor (25) est accouplé solidaire en rotation au vilebrequin (23) uniquement par les tiges (19) et leurs roulements excentriques (27, 31) fixes par rapport au vilebrequin. Pour accroître le rendement du moteur, l'air frais comprimé par un turbocompresseur à gaz d'échappement (37, 39) est injecté dans le moteur par un échangeur de chaleur (45).The piston machine usable in particular as an internal combustion engine comprises a housing (1) with a rotor (5) rotating about a first axis of rotation (7) and having three pairs of cylinders (15) mutually offset by 120 ° relative to the first axis of rotation (7). In the cylinders (15) are arranged pistons (17) rigidly assembled in pairs by means of rods (19). The housing also comprises a crankshaft (23) rotating about a second axis of rotation (25) offset with respect to the first axis (7) according to a predetermined eccentricity (e). The rods (19) of the pairs of pistons are guided by eccentric bearings (27, 31) arranged against the crankshaft (23). These eccentric bearings (27, 31) define, relative to the crankshaft (23), fixed axes of rotation (33) mutually offset by 120 °. The rotor (25) is coupled integral in rotation to the crankshaft (23) only by the rods (19) and their eccentric bearings (27, 31) fixed relative to the crankshaft. To increase engine efficiency, fresh air compressed by an exhaust gas turbocharger (37, 39) is injected into the engine through a heat exchanger (45).

Description

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Piston machine

The invention relates to a piston engine, in particular a piston internal combustion engine.

From German published patent application 25 02 709 a piston internal combustion engine with a cylinder rotor is known, which is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation in a housing forming the machine base. The cylinder rotor contains four cylinders which are arranged at 90 ° to one another at an angle offset from one another about the axis of rotation of the cylinder rotor, in pairs coaxially with a cylinder axis running perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Pistons are slidably arranged in the cylinders, which in turn are rigidly connected in pairs by piston rods. Coaxial with the cylinder rotor, a crankshaft is mounted in the housing, the crank arm of which carries rotatable eccentric disks, which in turn are rotatably supported in the bearing openings of the piston rods. The eccentricity of the eccentric discs is chosen equal to the eccentricity of the crank arm of the crankshaft. When the cylinder rotor and the crankshaft rotate, the piston pairs move in a straight line through the axis of rotation of the cylinder rotor. Internal combustion engines of this type have comparatively low piston speeds at a low speed of the

Cylinder rotor and have high performance with a comparatively small construction volume. In addition, they have little imbalance.

In the internal combustion engine explained above, the cylinder rotor must rotate at a speed that is equal to half the crankshaft speed. For this purpose, the cylinder rotor is rotatably coupled to the crankshaft via a planetary gear. The planetary gear has a sun gear seated on the crankshaft with a comparatively small diameter, which must absorb the entire reaction torque of the cylinder rotor and must therefore be large. It has been shown that the planetary gear takes up a considerable part of the overall volume of the internal combustion engine with sufficient dimensions.

In an internal combustion engine of the known type explained above, the piston stroke corresponds to four times the eccentricity of the eccentric discs or the crank arm of the crankshaft. Since the piston stroke cannot be made arbitrarily large for technical reasons in terms of combustion technology, the eccentricity of the eccentric disks or the crank arm are subject to design limits which cannot be exceeded. On the other hand, the double mounting of the eccentric disc on the crank arm on the one hand and on the piston rod on the other hand requires a certain amount of installation space, which can primarily be provided only by weakening the crank pin diameter. The weakening of the crank pin however, limits the maximum power that can be generated by the internal combustion engine.

From DE-OS 25 36 739 a similar internal combustion engine with a cylinder rotor and two pairs of cylinders offset by 90 ° around the axis of rotation of the cylinder rotor is known, which differs primarily from the internal combustion engine of DE-OS 25 02 709 thereby distinguishes that the crankshaft is not arranged coaxially, but axially parallel eccentrically to the axis of rotation of the cylinder rotor. In this internal combustion engine, too, the cylinder rotor is positively driven from the crankshaft via a gear transmission, so that the above-mentioned constructional disadvantages result.

From MTZ 30 (1969) 4, pages 142 to 144 it is known to construct an internal combustion engine of the type explained above not only with two pairs of cylinders, but as a 6-cylinder engine. But also in this internal combustion engine, the cylinder rotor is coupled to the crankshaft via a planetary gear, and the piston rods of the individual pistons are guided via eccentric disks on the crankshaft, which are rotatably mounted both on the crank arm of the crankshaft and in the piston rod. The above disadvantages also arise here.

An internal combustion engine with three pairs of cylinders offset by 120 ° in a common cylinder rotor is known from US Pat. No. 3,665,811. The cylinder axes lie in a common plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the cylinder rotor, and the piston pairs displaceable in the cylinder pairs are rigidly connected to one another via piston rods. The piston rods of the three pairs of pistons are connected to a common crankshaft via eccentric bearings Axis with a predetermined eccentricity against the

Axis of the cylinder rotor is offset parallel to the axis. The eccentric bearings are angularly offset from one another by 120 ° about the crankshaft axis and each comprise eccentric circular disks which are fixed relative to the crankshaft and are guided in bearing openings of the piston rods by means of slide bearings. A compressor of the same type, which charges the internal combustion engine, is coupled to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine.

In the internal combustion engine known from US Pat. No. 3,665,811, each pair of pistons can be supported on the cylinder in a rotationally fixed manner relative to the eccentric axis defined by its eccentric bearing, even if the eccentric axis currently coincides with the axis of rotation of the cylindrical rotor. The support takes place exclusively via the two other pairs of pistons, without the cylinder rotor having to be additionally coupled to the crankshaft in a torque-proof manner via a gearwheel gear or the like. A piston engine of this type therefore has the advantage that each of the three pairs of pistons is stably guided on the crankshaft in each of the angular positions of the cylinder rotor. This reduces rotational resonances, as can occur in the internal combustion engines with cylinder rotors and double-bearing compensating eccentrics of the crankshaft explained above.

Although a piston machine of this type already has smaller dimensions than the piston machines with double-mounted eccentric disks explained at the outset, dimensions which are still too large often result, in particular if the piston machine is to be dimensioned for higher outputs. For higher outputs, it is desirable that the axial dimension Solutions of the crankshaft are kept as small as possible in order to keep tilting moments acting on the crankshaft small. On the other hand, a sufficiently large bearing circle diameter and a sufficiently large cross-sectional area of the crankshaft must be provided in order to be able to take into account the forces acting on the crankshaft at higher powers. In the piston machine known from US Pat. No. 3,665,811, the radius of the eccentric circular disks is smaller than the eccentricity of the crankshaft, ie smaller than the distance between the eccentric axes of rotation and the crankshaft axis of rotation. This has the result that the axial overall length of the internal combustion engine is increased by crank webs which connect the eccentric circular disks to one another. The comparatively small bearing circle radius of the eccentric disk in connection with the strongly cranked arrangement of the piston rods limits the power that can be achieved with the known internal combustion engine.

^It is an object of the invention to improve a piston engine of the type explained above, each with three cylinder pairs offset by 120 ° from one another, in such a way that it can be dimensioned for relatively high dimensions with comparatively small dimensions.

A piston machine according to the invention, which is in particular a piston internal combustion engine, comprises, similar to the machine known from US Pat. No. 3,665,811, a machine base and a cylinder rotor which is rotatably mounted on the machine base about a first axis of rotation and which comprises at least one group of three around the first axis of rotation with respect to each other by 120 ° angularly offset pairs of cylinders, the pairs forming the cylinder on opposite sides of the first axis of rotation with the same, to first axis of rotation vertical cylinder axis are arranged. Pistons are slidably arranged in the cylinders, of which the pistons assigned to the cylinder pairs are rigidly connected to one another in pairs by piston rods. A crankshaft, on which the piston rods of the piston pairs are guided by means of eccentric bearings, is rotatably mounted on the machine base about a second axis of rotation offset parallel to the first axis of rotation about a predetermined eccentricity. The eccentric bearings are in turn offset from one another by 120 ° about the second axis of rotation and define third axes of rotation which are fixed relative to the crankshaft, each of which is likewise offset axially parallel to the second axis of rotation by the predetermined eccentricity. The eccentric bearings point firmly with the

Eccentric discs connected to the crankshaft, the disc axes of which define the third axes of rotation and which are rotatably seated in the bearing openings of the piston rods. The cylinder rotor is thus coupled to the crankshaft in a torque-proof manner exclusively via the piston rods.

In contrast to the piston machine known from US Pat. No. 3,665,811, the bearing circle diameter of the eccentric disk is selected larger than the predetermined eccentricity on the one hand and, on the other hand, is dimensioned so small that the angular range of the cylinder rotor rotation, in which the cylinder rotor rotates, is used Self-locking of a single one of the three pairs of pistons can occur is less than 60 °.

With such a design, the crank webs required in the known piston machine on both sides of the eccentric circular disks are unnecessary, as a result of which the axial overall length of the crankshaft is kept small can. The eccentric circular disks can essentially follow one another axially, whereby the material cross section in the radial overlap area of the eccentric circular disks can also be adequately dimensioned for the transmission of large radial forces.

In order to be able to absorb comparatively high piston forces, the largest possible bearing circle diameter of the eccentric disk is sought. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the piston machine at

Rotary drive of the cylinder rotor, for example due to the moment of rotation of the rotating cylinder rotor, is blocked in a self-locking manner if the bearing circle diameter is increased beyond certain limit values. Due to the toggle action of the eccentric discs guided in the bearing openings of the piston rods, each of the piston pairs has a cylinder rotor angular range when the cylinder rotor is loaded, in which self-locking would occur if it were not tracked by the positive guidance of the other two piston pairs. The bearing circle diameter of the eccentric disk is therefore dimensioned so small according to the invention that the self-locking angle range of each individual piston pair, based on the cylinder rotor rotation, is in each case less than 60 °. The choice of dimensions depends on the friction coefficients of the eccentric bearing and the piston in the cylinder and on the eccentricity of the eccentric bearing. In the context of the invention, the self-locking of a single piston pair is consciously accepted and the dimensions of the dimensions of the eccentric bearing ensure that the self-locking angular ranges of two piston pairs cannot overlap, which would lead to complete self-locking of the piston machine . The relationship For this purpose, the radius of the bearing circle of the eccentric disks for their eccentricity is expediently chosen to be less than 4, preferably less than 3.

In order to keep the bearing friction of the eccentric bearings small, they are expediently designed as needle bearings. The needle bearing of the middle eccentric disk and thus also the middle piston rod can be mounted undivided over the outer eccentric disk due to the small axial dimension of the crankshaft. In a preferred embodiment, the raceways are formed directly by the bearing opening which is undivided in the circumferential direction and by the circumference of the eccentric disk.

When used as an internal combustion engine, the cylinders are successively charged in the region of their radially outer dead center with a fuel / air mixture which, at least as far as the fresh air content is concerned, is preferably compressed by an upstream compressor. It has been found here that the combustion chamber can be filled better with a precompressed mixture if a small dead space volume is accepted in the radially outer dead center position of the piston and the gas inlet opening through which the precompressed

Mixture is supplied, is arranged so that the dead space volume can be loaded with mixture before the piston reaches the radially outer dead center position. The dead space volume can be provided by a radial oversize of the cylinder. The increase in the radial dimensions of the cylinder rotor can, however, be avoided if at least a trough is provided in the roof of the piston instead.

One of one can be used to pre-compress the fresh air Exhaust gas turbine driven compressor may be provided. Such an exhaust gas turbine requires a comparatively high outlet pressure of the exhaust gases for economical operation and thus hinders the gas exchange. The gas exchange can be improved if, as is provided in a further aspect of the invention, the gas outlet opening provided in the housing is divided into two successive circumferential, separate outlets, of which the outlet which was first loaded during the rotation of the cylinder rotor with the Exhaust gas turbine is connected. The exhaust gas turbine is expediently driven by the exhaust gases flowing out at high pressure in the rotary region following the radially inner dead center position of the piston. After the exhaust gases have partially relaxed, they are pushed out in the course of the further rotation of the cylinder rotor via the subsequent outlet with a comparatively small counterpressure. A wall area of the housing between the two outlets, which is wider than the cylinder opening at the circumference of the cylinder rotor, prevents a direct shunt of the exhaust gases between the two outlets.

In a preferred further aspect of the invention, the cylinders of the cylinder rotor are closed radially on both sides of the piston to form two chambers separated from one another by the piston. Separate gas inlet openings and separate gas outlet openings are assigned to the radially inner chambers and the radially outer chambers. This measure allows the working volume of the piston machine to be increased considerably without increasing the structural dimensions. The radially inner chambers can be used as working spaces of a compressor that charges the radially outer chambers with pre-compressed gas. The radially outer chambers can be used to form a double compressor can also be designed as compressor work spaces or else form the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine. Both variants are characterized by high performance with a small construction volume.

The pistons can have a circular cross section, but are preferably narrower in the circumferential direction of the cylinder rotor than in its axial direction. In this way, the cross section available for accommodating the cylinders in the cylinder barrel can be better utilized, so that without

Enlargement of the diameter of the ^" cylinder rotor ^" the displacement can be increased. The pistons can have a rectangular cross-section or semi-cylindrical narrow sides which adjoin the otherwise flat broad sides of the piston. Both variants have the advantage that they are segmented, that is to say from several sections sealing strips formed can be sealed to the cylinder. In the case of a rectangular cross-section piston, the sealing strips overlap appropriately at the transition of the broad sides molded i ⁿ the case of semi-cylindrical narrow sides.

Narrow sides are preferably U-shaped sealing strips that enclose the narrow sides between their legs. Overlapping sealing strips can be used in the present case, since due to the design of the piston machine no high pressure peaks occur in the combustion chambers. On the other hand, ceramic is expediently used as the piston material in order to be able to work at very high combustion gas temperatures in order to improve the efficiency.

The cylinders are expedient to the extent of the

Open cylinder barrel and are closed off from the outside by a housing that closely encloses the circumference of the cylinder barrel. One between the peripheral wall of the housing and the peripheral surface of the cylinder rotor The remaining annular gap can be compensated for if both the peripheral surface of the cylinder rotor and the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the housing surrounding the cylinder rotor are slightly conical and the peripheral wall is axially adjustable.

The combustion chambers of the cylinders can subsequently be filled with the precompressed mixture at the radially outer dead center position of the pistons and ignited within the combustion chambers at an angular distance from the radially outer dead center position. This has the advantage that pressure peaks are generated at an angular distance from the radially outer dead center position, which reduces the load on the crankshaft. Alternatively, however, a combustion chamber fixedly arranged in the housing can also be provided, in which pre-compressed fuel-air mixture is spark-ignited outside the cylinders, only to be introduced into the cylinder via the gas inlet opening. The fresh air is expediently introduced into the combustion chamber via a check valve in order to relieve the compressor of the combustion pressure of the ignited combustion gases. Here too, the ignited fuel gases are expediently fed to the cylinder at an angular distance from the radially outer dead center position.

The efficiency of such an internal combustion engine compressor unit can be increased, in particular if it is an internal combustion engine, if the gas outlet opening of the internal combustion engine is connected to a heat exchanger which compresses the fresh air or compressed air flowing in the gas supply path from the compressor to the gas inlet opening the compressed fuel-fresh air mixture is heated. The heat exchanger expediently forms a wall part of the housing in the region of the gas outlet opening. To this In this way, the comparatively large gas outlet angle 1 of the internal combustion engine can be used for efficient heat recovery.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger has an exchanger body with the first channels connecting to the gas outlet opening, running approximately radially to the first axis of rotation, and with second channels running essentially in the tangential direction of the cylinder rotor and leading from the compressor to the gas inlet opening. The expediently, directly to ^'the housing flanged heat exchanger using the exhaust gases without substantial Quer¬ sectional constriction and flow losses so that the exhaust gases or for the operation of a the encryption dense driving the exhaust turbine can be exploited below.

Another aspect of the invention relates to the dissipation of the heat generated in the cylinder rotor. For this purpose, the cylinder rotor has, on at least one of its side walls, annular, mutually coaxial cooling ribs, between which complementary, annular cooling ribs of the housing projecting from the opposite side surface of the housing. Due to their enlarged surface, the cooling fins form a labyrinth that transfers the heat from the cylinder rotor to the engine block. The labyrinth is expediently connected to the lubricating oil circuit of the internal combustion engine in order to increase the cooling capacity. The housing can be air- or water-cooled in the usual way and thus also take over the cooling of the oil flowing through the labyrinth. A centrifugal disc attached to the transition of the outer jacket of the cylinder rotor into the cooling fin labyrinth seals the cooling fin labyrinth to the periphery of the cylinder barrel and conveys the oil flowing in the labyrinth seal into an essentially Chen pressure-free peripheral chamber of the housing, from which it is supplied to the oil circuit of the internal combustion engine again.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Here shows:

1 shows a schematic sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a piston internal combustion engine according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the internal combustion engine, seen along a line II-II in Fig. 1;

3 shows a plan view of one of the pistons of the internal combustion engine;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the eccentric gear of the internal combustion engine;

FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view of a variant of the internal combustion engine from FIG. 1;

6 shows a sectional view through a further variant of the internal combustion engine from FIG. 1; Fig. 7 is a schematic sectional view of a piston internal combustion engine with an integrated compressor;

8 is a sectional view of the internal combustion engine, seen along a line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7.

The internal combustion engine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a housing 1 with an essentially cylindrical interior 3, in which an also essentially cylindrical cylinder rotor 5 is arranged so as to be rotatable about an axis of rotation 7. The cylinder rotor 5 has a substantially cylindrical peripheral wall 9 which is concentric with the axis of rotation 7 and which is closely enclosed by the interior 3, and is mounted on roller bearings 11 on bearing lugs 13 of the housing 1.

The cylinder rotor 5 contains six cylinders 15, in which Chen a piston 17 is arranged perpendicular to the axis of rotation 7 displaceable. The cylinders 15 or pistons 17 are arranged in pairs on opposite sides of the axis of rotation 7 in alignment with one another, ie coaxially. The axes of the cylinder pairs are angularly offset from one another by 120 ° around the axis of rotation 7 and lie in the same axis-normal plane of the cylinder rotor 5, but can also be offset somewhat from one another in the direction of the axis of rotation 7. The pistons 17 assigned to one another in pairs are rigidly connected to one another by piston rods 19.

In the housing 1, a crankshaft 23 is rotatably mounted in roller bearings 21 about an axis of rotation 25 offset parallel to the axis of rotation 7 by an eccentricity e. The crankshaft 23 carries three stationary eccentric circular disks 27 arranged axially next to one another, which sit in bearing openings 29 of the piston rods 19 and guide the piston rods 19 via needle bearings 31. The eccentric circular disks 27 define eccentric bearings with eccentric rotary axes 33 that are parallel to the axis of rotation 25 of the crankshaft 23, but offset by the value of the eccentricity e with respect to the axis of rotation 25. The eccentric rotary axes 33 of the three eccentric circular disks 27 are also 120 ° apart from each other Rotational axis 25 offset at an angle. The eccentric circular disks 27 have a radius that is larger than the eccentricity e and are connected to one another only in their radial overlap area. Circular areas of the remaining eccentric disks thus project exclusively over the circumferential surfaces of the individual eccentric disks 27. This has the advantage that the needle bearing 31 of the central eccentric disc 27 can be threaded over the two outer eccentric discs 27. In the preferred embodiment shown, the running surfaces of the needle bearings are each directly through the Circumferential surfaces of the eccentric disc 27 or in

Circumferential direction inner surfaces of the bearing openings 29 are formed. In such a case, it is sufficient that the roller bearing cage provided for guiding the needle bodies is, for example, divided into two halves in order to be able to install the central needle bearing with the piston rod 19 undivided. Needle roller bearings are preferred in the context of the invention, since they have more favorable friction properties, which, as will be explained below, is advantageous in designing the internal combustion engine for higher outputs.

As best shown in the diagram in FIG. 4 for one of the piston pairs 17, when the cylinder rotor 5 rotates, the pistons 17 move about the axis of rotation 7 along a path 35 which intersects the axis of rotation 7 in a plane normal to the axis. The eccentric rotation axis 33 coinciding with the center axis of the eccentric circular disk 27 moves, since the eccentricity distance e from the rotation axis 25 of the crankshaft 23 is equal to the eccentricity distance e of the rotation axis 25 from the rotation axis 7 of the cylinder rotor 5, likewise on the track 35. The three pairs of pistons are guided in a torque-proof manner on the crankshaft 23 exclusively via their piston rods 19, which is made possible by the arrangement of the eccentric circular disks 27 which is fixed to one another and to the crankshaft 23. The crankshaft 23 is in this case rotated relative to the cylinder rotor 5, namely at an angular velocity <JJk that is twice as large as the angular velocity & at which the cylinder rotor 5 rotates about its axis of rotation 7.

In practice, the eccentricity e, since the piston stroke is four times the eccentricity e, is comparatively small, for example in the order of 10 up to 20 mm. Nevertheless, the crankshaft 23 can be built stably, since the bearing circle radius r of the eccentric disk 27 is easily larger than the eccentricity e. The selection of a comparatively large value of r is desirable, since in this way relatively large piston forces with a relatively small axial width of the eccentric circular disks 27 or the needle bearings 29 are made possible.

In the course of the piston movement, the eccentric axis of rotation 33 moves over the axis of rotation 7 of the cylinder rotor 5. If the axes of rotation 33 and 7 coincide, the associated piston pair could be rotated together with the cylinder rotor 5 about the axis of rotation 7. In the case of cylindrical-rotor piston machines with freely rotating eccentric discs, this effect can lead to resonances during operation. The tendency to resonance of the internal combustion engine according to the invention is, on the other hand, reduced since the cylinder rotor is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the crankshaft 23 in each rotational position of at least two of the piston pairs offset by 120 ° with respect to one another.

Surprisingly, it has been shown that the bearing circle radius r of the eccentric disk 27 cannot be chosen to be of any size, since when the piston machine is driven by the cylinder rotor 5, a self-locking effect can occur in certain angular ranges of the eccentric movement, which blocks the cylinder rotor 5. The thrust force F (FIG. 4) applied in the overrun mode of the internal combustion engine due to the moment of inertia of the cylinder rotor 5 with respect to the braked crankshaft 23 generates friction forces between the piston 17 and the cylinder 15 on the one hand and the bearing opening due to a toggle lever effect with a small intermediate angle β 29 as well the eccentric disc 27 on the other hand, the one

Counteract the displacement movement of the piston pair in a self-locking manner. The displacement movement of the piston pair causes a rotary movement of the eccentric circular disk 27 about the axis of rotation 25. Since the inhibiting friction torques become greater due to the increasing torque arm r, there is an upper limit for these dimensions, which must not be exceeded if self-locking is avoided should. It has been shown that the self-locking effect when driving the piston machine from the crankshaft 23 (compressor operation) or when driving from the piston side (internal combustion engine operation) is negligible, but the self-locking when driving from the cylinder rotor 5 can be overcome on the other hand, if the determining force

Parameters are selected so that an angular range ex of the angle of rotation of the cylinder rotor 5, in which when driving from the cylinder rotor 5 can occur when considering only a single piston pair, is less than 60 °. The angle (X here denotes the angle between the plane containing the axes of rotation 7 and 25 for the direction of displacement of the piston pair under consideration. Based on the conditions outlined in FIG. 4, the following relationship relevant for overcoming the self-locking effect can be estimated:

are tan ι_u -i - are si .n '"""Jr^"

Here means

“The coefficient of friction of the eccentric bearing /, the coefficient of friction of the piston 17 in the cylinder 15 r the radius of the bearing circle of the eccentric bearing e the distance of the axis of rotation 7 from the axis of rotation 25.

When using a needle roller bearing, the achievable ratio r / e is less than 4, usually about 2.5 to 3.

As shown in FIG. 1, the internal combustion engine comprises a compressor turbine 39 driven by an exhaust gas turbine 37, which compresses fresh air supplied via an inlet 41 and feeds it to a stationary mixing chamber 43, in which fuel is mixed in via a nozzle 45. The compressed fuel-air mixture is heated in a heat exchanger 46 which is arranged in the exhaust gas path leading to the exhaust gas turbine 37, and is supplied approximately tangentially to the cylinder rotor 5 of an inlet opening 47, via which the cylinders 15 with the compressed and preheated fuel -Air mixture to be fed. The inlet opening 47 begins in the direction of rotation of the cylinder rotor 5 from a position assigned to the radially outer dead center position of the pistons 17 and is closed by a

Circumferential groove is formed in the circumferential surface of the interior 3 of the housing 1 opposite the circumferential wall 9 of the cylinder rotor 5. In order to avoid loss of boost pressure, the cylinders 15 are essentially open over their entire cross section to the peripheral wall 9 of the cylinder barrel 5, and the pistons 17 have a piston roof 49 following the cylinder contour of the peripheral surface 9, in which at least one recess 50 is recessed. The trough 50 leaves in the radially outer dead center position of the piston 17 a small dead space volume which, after the inlet opening 47 begins before the outer dead center position, improves the filling of the combustion chamber with fresh mixture. It goes without saying that the dead space volume can optionally be omitted or else by a special design of the inlet opening 47 or an increase in the radial dimensions of the cylinder rotor can be provided.

The mixture is spark-ignited offset in the direction of rotation against the radially outer dead center position and drives the

During the working phase, the piston moves into the radially inner dead center position diametrically opposite the axis of rotation 7 and the radially outer dead center position. In the direction of rotation of the cylinder rotor 5 following the position of the radially inner dead center position, the housing 1 is followed by an outlet opening 51, which is also designed as a groove and is open toward the peripheral surface 9 of the cylinder rotor 5 and in which the exhaust gases are supplied to the exhaust gas turbine 37 via the heat exchanger 46 , from which they emerge via an outlet 53.

The heat exchanger 46 arranged in the mixture supply path increases the efficiency of the internal combustion engine by using the exhaust gas heat to further increase the pressure of the fuel-air mixture. In order to prevent repercussions on the compressor turbine 39, a spring-loaded check valve 55 is provided between the mixing chamber 43 and the heat exchanger 46.

The heat exchanger 46 consists of an exchanger block 57 made of a good heat-conducting material, which has a plurality of channels 59 running in several mutually parallel planes that run approximately tangentially to the cylinder rotor 5 and end in common collecting spaces 61 and 63, respectively, and that coming from the mixing chamber 43 Feed the fuel-air mixture to the inlet opening 47. Between the planes containing the channels 59 there are in each case a plurality of channels 65 running transversely thereto, which extend approximately radially to the cylinder rotor 5 and via which the exhaust gases do not deviate substantially flow losses caused thereby flow to the exhaust gas turbine 37. The exchanger block 57 is flanged directly to the housing 1, so that the space remaining between the exchanger block 57 and the peripheral surface 9 of the cylinder rotor 5 forms a collecting space 67 for exhaust gases. Another collecting space 69 is provided on the side of the channels 65 facing away from the cylinder rotor 5.

The firing temperature in the cylinders 15 is comparatively high. The pistons 17 therefore consist of ceramic material and are fastened, for example screwed, to the head parts 71 (FIGS. 1 and 3) of the piston rods 19 made of metal. As best shown in FIG. 3, the pistons have a rectangular cross section in a radial plan view and extend with their narrow sides in the circumferential direction. Despite the comparatively large piston area, a compact construction of the internal combustion engine can be achieved. In order to achieve sufficiently uniform flame fronts, several, here two, spark plugs 73 are provided. The pistons are sealed by straight sealing strip sections 75 which are resiliently inserted in grooves in the piston side walls. The sealing strip sections 75 of adjacent side walls of the piston 17 are mutually offset radially to the axis of rotation 7 and overlap in the corner regions of the pistons. This results in double-acting seals in the corner areas of the pistons.

3 also shows a variant of the piston 17 in a dot-dash line, in which the piston 17 is again narrower in the circumferential direction of the cylinder rotor than in the direction of the axis of rotation of the cylinder rotor. The piston has an approximately oval section, the narrow sides being formed by semi-cylindrical surfaces which overlap into flat surface regions of the broad sides. go. For sealing the piston, U-shaped sealing strip segments 76 are inserted into the circumferential grooves of the piston from the semi-cylindrical narrow sides, which receive the piston between its legs. It is understood that to improve the sealing effect

Legs of opposing sealing strip segments can overlap and that, as usual, sealing strip springs can be provided to increase the contact pressure.

2 shows details of the cooling and lubrication system of the internal combustion engine. A plurality of ring-shaped cooling fins 77 protrude from the axially located end faces of the cylinder rotor 5, coaxial with one another with respect to the axis of rotation 7, between the complementary, ring-shaped cooling fins projecting axially from the respectively adjacent side walls of the housing 1 and also coaxially arranged one inside the other 79 grab. The cooling fins 77, 79 form axially on both sides of the cylinder rotor 5 labyrinths, which facilitate the heat transfer from the cylinder rotor 5 to the housing 1 due to their enlarged surface. Adjacent to the cooling fins 79, the housing 1 can contain cooling water channels, not shown, which are connected to a cooling water circuit of the internal combustion engine and dissipate the heat from the housing 1. The jacket of the housing 1 can also contain a plurality of axial cooling water channels to improve the cooling effect.

To further improve the cooling effect, the labyrinths formed by the cooling fins 77, 79 are connected to the oil circuit of the internal combustion engine. An oil pump indicated at 81 and driven by the crankshaft 23 conveys the lubricating oil via oil channels 83 into the area of the radially inner circumference of the labyrinths. Due to the centrifugal action of the rotating cylinder rotor 5, the lubricating oil is conveyed via the labyrinths to pressureless collecting channels 85 of the housing 1, which limit the labyrinths radially outward in the region of the outer circumference of the cylinder rotor 5. At the

Transition of the peripheral surface 9 of the cylinder rotor 5 to its axial side surfaces, centrifugal disks 87 are attached to the cylinder rotor 5, which form sealing labyrinths with complementary axial surfaces 89 of the housing 1 and throw off the oil into the collecting channels 85.

In this way it is prevented that oil gets into the gas exchange channels 47, 51 of the housing 1 to an undesirable extent. The lubricating oil flowing through the labyrinth of the cooling fins 77, 79 improves the heat transfer from the cylinder rotor 5 to the housing 1 and is also cooled by the optionally cooled side walls of the housing 1.

The ignition system can be of conventional design and, for control purposes, can comprise a magnetic switch 91 which responds to magnets 93 of a wheel 95 seated on the crankshaft 23 distributed in the circumferential direction.

Variants of the internal combustion engine are explained below. Parts shown in the figures are designated by the reference numerals of FIGS. 1 and 2 and provided with a letter to distinguish them. To explain the structure and the mode of operation, reference is made to the description of the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The variant of the internal combustion engine shown in FIG. 5 differs from the internal combustion engine of FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially only in the type of combustion chamber design. In addition, only the compressed fresh air is heated in the heat exchanger, which is not shown in detail, and is fed via a check valve 101, which is spring-loaded in a manner not shown, to a combustion chamber 103 arranged stationary in the housing 1a. The fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 103 via a nozzle 105 and periodically spark-ignited by means of a spark plug 107. The outlet channel 109 of the combustion chamber, which extends essentially tangentially to the cylinder rotor 5a, opens into a channel 47a which is open to the peripheral surface 9a of the cylinder rotor 5a and which defines the inlet opening. The cylinder rotor 5a is thus driven in the manner of a turbine by the expanding exhaust gases which periodically emerge from the combustion chamber 103. The check valve 101 prevents effects of the working pressure of the combustion chamber 103 on the upstream compressor which compresses the fresh air.

FIG. 6 shows a variant of the internal combustion engine, which differs primarily from the internal combustion engine of FIGS. 1 and 2 by the design of its outlet opening 51b. The outlet opening 51b is divided into two outlets 111, 113 which follow one another in the circumferential direction of the cylinder rotor 5b on the circumference of the housing 1b. The outlets 111, 113 are separated from one another by a wall region 115 of the housing 1b, which is wider in circumferential direction than the end opening of each of the cylinders 15b, so as to provide a direct shunt path for the exhaust gases between the two outlets 111, 113 when the outlet is moved past To prevent cylinder 15b. The exhaust gas turbine 37b is connected to the outlet 111 which is closer to the radially inner dead center position of the pistons 17b in the circumferential direction and is driven in this way by the exhaust gases flowing out at the start of the outlet with high pressure. The outlet 113 follows in the direction of rotation of the cylinder Runner 5b and, since it does not have to work against the pressure of a turbine, ensures that the exhaust gases can largely relax. The charge exchange can be improved by dividing the outlet opening 51b into two successive outlets, of which only the first outlet is used to drive the exhaust gas turbine 37b. A heat exchanger (parts 46 and 57 to 69) is not shown, but can be present in a modified form for the heat exchange between exhaust gases and compressed fresh air. Alternatively, the pre-compressed mixture can also be cooled to achieve a high loading density before it is loaded into the internal combustion engine.

7 and 8 schematically show a variant of a piston internal combustion engine of the type illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, in which each of the cylinders 15c not only radially outward through a peripheral wall 121 of the housing 1c, but also radially are closed inside by bottoms 123 of the cylinder rotor 5c. The piston rods 19c, which in turn rigidly connect the pistons 17c in pairs, are sealed through the bottoms 123. Each of the pistons 17c thus divides the cylinder 15c into two working spaces 125 and 127, of which the radially inner working space 125 is used as a compression space and the radially outer working space 127 as a combustion space. In an end wall 129 of the housing 1c, an inlet channel 131 and an outlet channel 133 are arranged curved around the axis of rotation 7c of the cylinder barrel 5c, which during a suction phase, in which the piston 17c is moved radially outward, terminate in the radially inner space 125 Align opening 135. The outlet duct 133 is aligned with the opening 135 towards the end of the compression phase. The compressor formed by the radially inner spaces 125 is charged by the turbine compressor 39c with pre-compressed fresh air supplied at 41c. For this purpose, the turbine compressor 39c is connected to the inlet duct 131 via a duct 137. The exhaust gas turbine 37c connected to the exhaust gas outlet 51c of the internal combustion engine drives the compressor turbine 39c. The exhaust gases flowing from the outlet 53c of the exhaust gas turbine 37c heat the compressed fresh air supplied to the combustion chamber 43c via a connecting channel 139 from the outlet slot 133 in a heat exchanger 141. The combustion chamber 43c lies outside the radially outer spaces 127 of the cylinder rotor 5c. The fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 43c via the injection nozzle 45c and is also ignited here by means of the spark plug 73c. It goes without saying that the spark plug 73c can also be arranged in the peripheral wall 121 of the housing 1c, so that the mixture is ignited in the combustion chambers 127.

The circumferential wall 121 must closely enclose the circumference 9c of the cylinder rotor 5c. In order to be able to compensate for tolerances, the circumferential surface 9c of the cylinder rotor 5c is designed to be slightly conical, while the inner surface of the circumferential wall 121 is designed as a complementary inner cone. The peripheral wall 121 is axially adjustable in a manner not shown for tolerance compensation.

For cooling the internal combustion engine, a turbine wheel 141 sits on the crankshaft 23c, which conveys cooling air into a labyrinth gap 143 formed by ring ribs 77c, 79c of the cylinder rotor 5c and the housing lc. The cooling air is supplied in the radially inner region of the labyrinth gap 143 and flows through axial channels 145, which are provided both in the housing 1c and between the cylinders 15c in the cylinder rotor 5c axially opposite side. Ring channels 147 discharge the cooling air.

The inlet and outlet channels 131, 133 can, as indicated at 149 in FIG. 8, also be provided in the peripheral wall 121 instead of the end wall 129. The opening 135 is then led through radial channels 151 to the circumference 9c.

The internal combustion engine explained above can also be used as a double compressor if the radially outer spaces 127 are also used as compressor spaces.

Exemplary embodiments were explained above in which only a single group of three piston or cylinder pairs is provided. It goes without saying that several such groups can also be arranged axially next to one another on a common crankshaft. These groups can either all work as internal combustion engines; however, it is also possible to arrange compressors and internal combustion engines axially next to one another.

Claims

Patent claims

1. Piston engine, in particular piston internal combustion engine, with a machine base (1) and a cylinder rotor (5) rotatably mounted on the machine base (1) about a first axis of rotation (7), which has at least one group of three about the first axis of rotation ( 7) around pairs of cylinders offset by 120 °

(15), the pairs of which form the cylinders (15) on opposite sides of the first axis of rotation (7) with the same cylinder axis perpendicular to the first axis of rotation (7), with pistons (17) arranged displaceably in the cylinders (15), of which the pistons (17) assigned to the cylinder pairs (15) are rigidly connected to one another in pairs by piston rods (19), and with an axis of rotation offset parallel to the axis about a second axis of rotation (7) by a predetermined eccentricity (e) ( 25) rotatably mounted on the machine base (1) crankshaft (23) on which the piston rods (19) of the piston pairs (17) are guided by means of eccentric bearings (27, 31), which are mutually at 120 ° around the second axis of rotation (25) Define angularly offset, relative to the crankshaft (23), third axes of rotation (33), each of which is offset by the predetermined eccentricity (e) axially parallel to the second axis of rotation (25), the eccentric bearing (27, 31) with de r Crankshaft (23) connected eccentric discs (27), the disc axes of the third axes of rotation

(33) define and rotatable in bearing openings (29)

Piston rods (19) sit and the cylinder barrel

(5) is coupled to the crankshaft (23) in a torque-proof manner exclusively via the piston rods (19), - 2i- characterized in that the bearing circle radius (r) of the eccentric disc (27) is larger on the one hand than the predetermined eccentricity (e) and on the other hand is dimensioned so small that the angular range of the cylinder rotor rotation, in which the cylinder rotor (5) rotates, Self-locking of a single one of the three pairs of pistons (17) can occur is less than 60 °.

2. Piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the bearing radius of the eccentric circular disks (27) to the predetermined eccentricity is such that the relationship applies to each pair of pistons (17)

r / e are tan μ - ~ 1 ^x - are sin _- ₊ . _2nd π3r

in which

tt the coefficient of friction of the eccentric bearing (27, 31), i * the coefficient of friction of the piston (17) in the relieving Zy¬ (15), r is the radius of the bearing circle of the eccentric bearing (27, 31) and e is the predetermined eccentricity ^is -

3. Piston machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the ratio of the bearing circle radius (r) of the eccentric disc (27) to the predetermined eccentricity (e) is less than 4, preferably less than 3.

4. Piston machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the eccentric bearings are designed as needle bearings (29), the inner raceways on the eccentric discs (27) and the outer raceways on the undivided circumferential bearing openings (29) of the Piston rods (19) are formed directly, and that the eccentric disc (27) merge into one another only in cross-sectional areas that lie radially within the cross-sectional areas enclosed by the inner raceways.

5. Piston engine, in particular piston internal combustion engine, with a machine base (1) and a cylinder rotor (5) which is rotatably mounted on the machine base (1) about a first axis of rotation (7) and which has at least one group of three about the first axis of rotation ( 7) around each other by 120 ° angularly offset cylinder pairs (I ⁵ ), the pairs forming cylinders (15) of which are arranged on opposite sides of the first axis of rotation (7) with the same cylinder axis perpendicular to the first axis of rotation (7), in the cylinders (15) displaceably arranged pistons (17), of which the pistons (17) assigned to the cylinder pairs (15) are rigidly connected to one another in pairs by piston rods (19), and with one around a second axis of rotation (7) around a predetermined one Eccentricity (e) axis of rotation offset parallel to the axis (25) rotatably mounted on the machine base (1) crankshaft (23) on which the piston rods (19) of the piston pairs (17) by means of eccentric bearings (27, 31) HRT are angularly mutually offset by 120 ° about the second axis of rotation (25) around which define relative to the crankshaft (23) stationary, third pivot axes (33) of each of which is offset axially parallel to the second axis of rotation (25) by the predetermined eccentricity (e), the eccentric bearings (27, 31) having eccentric circular disks (27) connected to the crankshaft (23), the disk axes of which are the third axes of rotation (33) define and rotate in bearing openings (29) of the piston rods (19), the cylinder rotor (5) being coupled to the crankshaft (23) in a torque-proof manner exclusively via the piston rods (19), the cylinders (17) being connected to the circumference of the cylinder rotor (5 ) are open, the masc ine base forms a housing (1) which closely encloses the circumference of the cylinder rotor (5) and in which at least one gas inlet opening (47) overlaps with the cylinders (15) in part of their rotation path and at least one with the Cylinders (15) are provided in another part of their travel overlapping gas outlet opening (51) and the gas inlet opening (47) with a compressor (39) for inserting into the cylinder (15) Rende fresh gas is particularly connected to a compressor turbine, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each cylinder (15) in the radially outer dead center position of its piston (17) includes a dead space volume and that the gas inlet opening (47) is so arranged that the dead space volume can be charged with fresh gas before the piston (17) reaches the radially outer dead center position.

6. Piston machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the dead space volume is formed by at least one trough (50; 50b) in the roof of the piston (17; 17b).

7. Piston engine, in particular piston internal combustion engine, with a masc in base (lb) and one by one first axis of rotation (7b) rotatably mounted on the machine base (1b) cylinder rotor (5b), which has at least a group of three pairs of cylinders (15b) offset by 120 ° from each other around the first axis of rotation (7b), the pairs of which forming cylinders (15b) are arranged on opposite sides of the first axis of rotation (7b) with the same cylinder axis perpendicular to the first axis of rotation (7b), with pistons (17b) arranged displaceably in the cylinders (15b), of which the cylinder pairs ( 15b) associated pistons (17b) are rigidly connected to one another in pairs by piston rods (19b), and are rotatable with an axis of rotation (25b) which is offset axially parallel to a first axis of rotation (7b) by a predetermined eccentricity (e) the machine base (lb) mounted crankshaft (23b), on which the piston rods (19b) of the piston pairs (17b) are guided by means of eccentric bearings (27b, 31b), which wave against each other by 120 ° around the second axis of rotation (25b) Define offset third axes of rotation (33b) which are fixed relative to the crankshaft (23b), each of which is offset axially parallel to the second axis of rotation (25b) by the predetermined eccentricity (e), the eccentric bearings (27b, 31b) being fixed have eccentric circular disks (27b) connected to the crankshaft (23b), the disk axes of which define the third axes of rotation (33b) and are rotatably seated in bearing openings (29b) of the piston rods (19b), the cylinder rotor (5b) with the crankshaft (23b) exclusively over the piston rods (19b) are coupled in a torque-proof manner, the cylinders (17b) being open to the circumference of the cylinder rotor (5b), the machine base forming a housing (lb) closely surrounding the circumference of the cylinder rotor (5b), in which at least one also the gas inlet opening overlapping the cylinders (15b) in part of their rotational path (47b) and at least one gas outlet opening (51b) overlapping with the cylinders (15b) in another part of their path of rotation are provided, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the gas outlet opening (51b) has two successive circumferential directions, forms separate outlets (111, 113), of which the outlet (111) which is first loaded during the rotation of the cylinder rotor is connected to an exhaust gas turbine (37b).

8. Piston machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the two outlets (111, 113) in the circumferential direction are separated from one another by a wall region (115) of the housing (lb) which is wider than the cylinder opening on the circumference of the cylinder rotor (5b ).

9. Piston engine, in particular piston internal combustion engine, with a machine base (lc) and a cylinder rotor (5c) which is rotatably mounted on the machine base (lc) about a first axis of rotation (7c) and which has at least one group of three around the first Has axis of rotation (7c) around each other by 120 ° angularly offset cylinder pairs (15c), the pairs of which form the cylinders (15c) on opposite sides of the first

The axis of rotation (7c) is arranged with the same cylinder axis perpendicular to the first axis of rotation (7c), with pistons (17c) arranged displaceably in the cylinders (15c), of which the pistons (17c) assigned to the pairs of cylinders (15c) are paired by piston rods (19c) are rigidly connected to one another, and with a crankshaft (23e) mounted on the machine base (lc) and rotatable about a second axis of rotation (25c) offset parallel to the first axis of rotation (7c) about a predetermined eccentricity (e) the the piston rods (19c) of the piston pairs (17c) by means of an eccentric bearing

(27c, 31c) are guided, which define the second rotation axis (25c) offset by 120 ° relative to one another and fixed relative to the crankshaft (23c), third rotation axes (33c), each of which is parallel to the axis by the predetermined eccentricity (e) second rotary axis (25c) is offset, the eccentric bearings (27c, 31c) having eccentric circular disks (27c) firmly connected to the crankshaft (23c), the disk axes of which define the third rotary axes (33c) and can be rotated in

Bearing openings (29c) of the ^' piston rods (19c) are seated, the cylinder rotor (5c) being coupled to the crankshaft (23c) only in a torque-proof manner via the piston rods (19c), and the machine base being a housing enclosing the cylinder rotor (5c)

(lc) in which at least one gas inlet opening (47c) overlapping with the cylinders (15c) in one part of their rotation path and at least one gas outlet opening (51c) overlapping in another part of their rotation path are provided, in particular according to one of the Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cylinders (15c) of the cylinder rotor (5c) for forming two chambers (125, 127) separated from one another by the piston (17c) are closed radially on both sides of the piston (17c), and that the radially inner chambers (125) and the radially outer chambers (127) are assigned separate gas inlet openings (131) and separate gas outlet openings (133).

10. Piston machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the gas outlet opening (133) of the radially inner chambers (125) is connected to the gas inlet opening (147) of the radially outer chamber (127).

11. Piston machine according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the radially inner chambers (125) form working spaces of a compressor and the radially outer chambers (127) form working spaces of a compressor or an internal combustion engine.

12. Piston machine according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that at the gas outlet opening (15c) of the radially outer chambers (127) an exhaust gas turbine (37c) and at the gas inlet opening (131) of the radially inner chambers (125) Turbine compressor (39c) driven by the exhaust gas turbine (37c) is connected.

13. Piston machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the pistons (17) in the circumferential direction of the cylinder rotor (5) are narrower than in the axial direction thereof.

14- piston machine according to claim 13, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the broad sides of the piston (17) are flat and the narrow sides are also flat or semi-cylindrical.

15. Piston machine according to claim 14, characterized gekennzeich¬ net, that the part in grooves on the broad sides and the Schmal¬ of the piston (17) from each other separate sealing strip portions are arranged (75) ^s in the narrow sides overlap- P at the transition of the broad sides -

16. Piston machine according to claim 14, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that U-shaped sealing strips (76) are used in the circumferential grooves of the piston (17), which enclose the narrow sides between their legs.

17. Piston machine according to one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the cylinders (15c) are open to the circumference of the cylinder rotor (5c), and the machine base forms a housing (lc) closely enclosing the circumference of the cylinder rotor (5c), characterized in that the cylinder rotor (5c) has a slightly conical outer circumferential surface (9c) and in that the housing (lc) has a circumferential wall surrounding the cylinder rotor (5c) that is axially adjustable relative to the cylinder rotor (5c)

(121) with an inner, conical peripheral surface complementary to the conical peripheral surface (9c) of the cylinder rotor (5c).

18. Piston machine according to one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the cylinders (17) to the circumference of the cylinder rotor (5) are open, and the machine base forms a housing (1) closely surrounding the circumference of the cylinder rotor (5), in which at least one with the cylinders (15) overlapping in part of their turning path

Gas inlet opening (47) and at least one gas outlet opening (51) overlapping with the cylinders (15) in another part of their path of rotation are provided, so that the gas inlet opening (47) with a compressor

(39) for fresh air to be introduced into the cylinders (15) is connected, in particular, to a compressor turbine such that an exhaust gas working machine (37), in particular an exhaust gas turbine, is connected to the gas outlet opening (51) for driving the compressor (39) hen is that a fuel supply device (45) is provided which supplies the fuel between the compressor (39) and the gas inlet opening (47) of the compressed fresh air and that the gas outlet opening (51) is connected to a heat exchanger (46) is, which heats the compressed fresh air or the fuel-fresh air mixture flowing in the gas supply path from the compressor (39) to the gas inlet opening (47).

19. Piston machine according to claim 18, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the heat exchanger (46) forms a wall part of the housing (1) in the region of the gas outlet opening (51).

20. Piston machine according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the heat exchanger (46) has an exchanger body (57) with the gas outlet opening (51) connecting, approximately radially to the first axis of rotation (7) extending first channels (65) and with substantially ¬ Chen in the tangential direction of the cylinder rotor (5), from the compressor (39) to the gas inlet opening (47) leading second channels (59).

21- piston machine according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that on at least one of the two end faces of the cylinder rotor (5) and on the end face adjacent to this end face of a housing (1) formed by the machine base and enclosing the cylinder rotor, a plurality of the axis of rotation ( 7) coaxial, annular cooling fins (77, 79) are provided, which alternately interlock to form a labyrinth.

22. Piston engine according to claim 21, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the labyrinth formed by the cooling fins (77, 79) is connected with its inner circumference and its outer circumference to an oil circuit and that the cylinder rotor (5) at the transition of an outer jacket into the the end face forming the cooling fin labyrinth has at least one centrifugal disc (87) which forms a labyrinth seal between the inner jacket of the housing (1) and a peripheral chamber (85) of the housing (1) which closes off the cooling fin labyrinth.