EP0476548A2 - Flare burner - Google Patents
Flare burner Download PDFInfo
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- EP0476548A2 EP0476548A2 EP91115607A EP91115607A EP0476548A2 EP 0476548 A2 EP0476548 A2 EP 0476548A2 EP 91115607 A EP91115607 A EP 91115607A EP 91115607 A EP91115607 A EP 91115607A EP 0476548 A2 EP0476548 A2 EP 0476548A2
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- central
- tubes
- pilot
- gas channel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
- F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
- F23G7/085—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks in stacks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a torch burner with a central gas channel, a wind apron surrounding the upper end of the gas channel at a distance, pilot burners arranged within the wind apron and with a feed device for breathing and release gas.
- Torch burners of this type are used both in the production of crude oil and natural gas and in the refining and processing of hydrocarbon products. As a rule, they serve to flare off the gas that is produced and cannot be processed during the production and production process in a controlled manner.
- Torch gas Natural gas
- escaping through the central gas channel which is relatively high calorific, is burned.
- other low-calorific gases are produced in the processing and production process, which evaporate, for example, from storage tanks and are referred to as breathing or release gas, often also with regard to their composition as sour gas.
- gases mainly consist of a mixture of air, hydrocarbons and / or hydrogen sulfide. There are only traces of other gases in it. These mixtures do not have a very high calorific value, but they must also be flared to avoid unnecessary pollution of the environment. For this reason, in addition to the central gas channel, further supply devices for such breathing and release gases are provided.
- Burnout loss refers to the relative proportion of the unburned hydrocarbons and the hydrogen sulfide in the exhaust gas, either based on the total exhaust gas quantity or based on the hydrocarbon or hydrogen sulfide content previously present in the stripping gas.
- Hydrogen sulfide is a relatively poisonous and unpleasant smelling substance, so that these properties are decisive for the aim of burning the H2S portion as completely as possible.
- the known torch burners have relatively high burn-out losses with regard to the combustion of degassing gas, so they burn the combustible components only very incompletely.
- relatively high temperatures arise during combustion, whereby the formation of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides is not entirely excluded.
- the formation of sulfur dioxide is inevitable due to the combustion of the hydrogen sulfide contained in the release gas, as well as the generation of carbon dioxide.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a torch burner with the features mentioned at the outset, which has lower burnout losses and, moreover, also produces little harmful exhaust gases.
- feed devices for the degassing gas are arranged near the inner wall of the central channel, the diameter of which is small compared to the diameter of the central channel and the number of which is at most equal to the number of pilot burners, their outlet openings being below the pilot burner.
- This design of the torch burner has the result that the already relatively low calorific release gases are passed directly into the area of the pilot burner flame without further dilution and there they burn quickly and largely completely. There are practically no significant dilutions of the gases at the outlet of the tubes, and the combustible components are fed directly to a flame area, so that they ignite relatively quickly.
- the outlet openings of the tubes are formed by a cut along a plane inclined to the tube axis. No special nozzles are required to direct the gas stream emerging from the pipes. If the plane of the outlet openings lies obliquely to the pipe axis, it is expedient and advantageous to partially direct these outlet openings directed laterally away from the pipe axis towards the inner wall of the gas channel. The gas then sweeps upwards along the remaining part of the inner wall immediately in front of the mouth of the pilot burner, which likewise opens into this area. The distance between the outlet opening of such a tube and the outlet opening of the central channel is thus relatively small. The diameter of the pipes for the stripping gas is also relatively small compared to the diameter of the central gas channel.
- the wind apron is essentially a simple or double-walled cylinder jacket covering the upper area of the central gas channel at a distance. Such a wind apron ensures favorable flow conditions at the outlet opening of the central gas channel and at the same time serves as a screen, so that the flaring of the release gas and the flames of the pilot burners are generally not visible from outside.
- the pilot burners are arranged in the space between the wind apron and the upper end of the central gas channel and their mouth is directed towards the axis of the central gas channel.
- the outlet openings of the pipes for the degassing gas preferably open relatively close below the upper end of the central gas channel and thus also directly below the mouths of the pilot burners.
- the pilot burners are distributed at regular intervals along the circumference of the central gas duct, e.g. B. three pilot burners at angular intervals of 120 °.
- Each of these pilot burners is preferably assigned a tube for removal gas, which has the same angular position as the associated pilot burner and is guided upwards on the inner wall of the central gas duct. The stripping gas is therefore fed directly and undiluted into the flame area of the pilot burner.
- the distributor is a double cylinder, in the space between which at least one main degassing pipe opens axially or radially from the outside, while the individual pipes for the degassing gas branch off from the cylindrical inner wall of the distributor.
- the distributor is expediently designed in such a way that, at a distance from the upper end of the central gas channel, a sleeve surrounds the central gas channel at a distance, so that an annular space is formed between the inner wall of the sleeve and the outer wall of the central gas channel. This space is closed in the axial direction by suitable flat rings.
- the sleeve In the radial direction, the sleeve has a connection opening for connecting a main degassing pipe for degassing gas.
- the central gas channel then has outlet openings for the stripping gas in the area of the sleeve, preferably at equal angular intervals, to which the aforementioned pipes are connected, which then feed the stripping gas to the pilot burners assigned to them.
- the main degassing pipe could also be guided axially into such a distribution space in the area of the lower ring.
- the cuff can also have an opening flap for control purposes.
- An embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred in which the axis of a pilot burner and the axis of the associated tube converge on a common point in front of the outlet opening of the pilot burner and in front of the outlet opening of the tube. This point is preferably in the flame core of the pilot burner.
- the torch burner head 20 which consists of the upper end of a central gas channel 1, a wind apron 2 concentrically surrounding this upper end at a distance and inside the wind apron at uniform intervals around the end of the central gas channel arranged pilot burners 3.
- the upper end of the central gas channel can be configured in a suitable manner as a nozzle in order to appropriately shape the emerging flare gas stream and the resulting flame.
- a main degassing pipe 9 leading upwards laterally outside the central channel 1 can also be seen in FIG. 1, which opens into the sleeve 11 in the radial direction.
- the sleeve 11 forms the outer wall of a double-walled hollow cylinder, which serves as a distributor 6 for degassing gas and the like.
- the inner wall of the distributor 6 is formed by a section of the central gas channel 1.
- the space between the sleeve 11 and the central channel 1 is closed in the axial direction by sealingly attached ring disks.
- three through openings are provided in the central gas channel 1 at angular intervals of 120 °, from which pipes 4 along the inner wall of the gas channel 1 guide the degassing gas emerging from the distributor 6 upward to the mouth of the central gas channel 1 .
- Fig. 1 only one of these pipes is shown as an example, while in addition the distributor opening in the central gas channel for another pipe 4 is shown.
- the upper free end of the tubes 4 is chamfered so that the longer side of the tube for Axis of the central gas channel is directed so that it is ensured that the escaping gas predominantly flows upwards along the remaining section of the inner wall of the gas channel 1 into the flame area of the pilot burner 3.
- the free end of the tubes 4 can be designed in any way as a nozzle. A certain nozzle effect can also be achieved by the interaction of the outlet opening 5, which is inclined with respect to the axis of the tube 4, with a conically inwardly inclined edge of the upper end of the central gas channel.
- Fig. 1 is still a supply line 12 for one of the pilot burner 3 with lower and upper brackets 13 can be seen.
- the wind apron 2 is double-walled, which contributes to favorable malfunction conditions, since the outer wall of the wind apron 2 heats up only moderately during operation of the torch burner, so that a suction effect due to hot gases flowing up occurs primarily inside the wind apron and so in draws sufficient oxygen to burn the gases as completely as possible.
- Fig. 2 it can be seen that three pilot burners 3 are arranged along the circumference of the burner head at uniform angular intervals of 120 °, each of which is assigned its own tube 4 for degassing gas, which opens directly below the pilot burner in the same angular position.
- the upper edge of the central gas channel 1, which is not shown in Fig. 1 is somewhat drawn, so that together with the oblique cut of the tubes 4 at the outlet opening, a certain nozzle effect for the under relatively low pressure escaping release gas results.
- the main degassing pipe 9 and the distributor 6 shown in dashed lines, which has outer access flaps 14 for maintenance and monitoring purposes, can also be seen in FIG. 2.
- Burnout losses are below 5% for hydrocarbons, typically in the order of 3% and below 1% for hydrogen sulfide.
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Fackelbrenner mit einem zentralen Gaskanal, eine das obere Ende des Gaskanals im Abstand umgebenden Windschürze, innerhalb der Windschürze angeordneten Pilotbrennern und mit einer Zufuhreinrichtung für Atmungs- und Entlösungsgas.The present invention relates to a torch burner with a central gas channel, a wind apron surrounding the upper end of the gas channel at a distance, pilot burners arranged within the wind apron and with a feed device for breathing and release gas.
Derartige Fackelbrenner sind seit langem bekannt. Derartige Fackelbrenner werden sowohl bei der Erdöl- und Ergasförderung, als auch bei der Raffinierung und Verarbeitung von Kohlenwasserstoffprodukten verwendet. Sie dienen im Regelfall dazu, das beim Fördernungs- und Produktionsprozeß anfallende und nicht verarbeitungsfähige Gas kontrolliert abzufackeln.Such torch burners have long been known. Torch burners of this type are used both in the production of crude oil and natural gas and in the refining and processing of hydrocarbon products. As a rule, they serve to flare off the gas that is produced and cannot be processed during the production and production process in a controlled manner.
Dabei wird insbesondere durch den zentralen Gaskanal auströmendes Fackelgas (Erdgas), welches relativ hochkalorig ist, verbrannt. Desweiteren fallen jedoch beim Verarbeitungs- und Produktionsprozeß auch andere niederkalorige Gase an, die zum Beispiel aus Vorratstanks abdampfen und als Atmungs- oder Entlösungsgas, oftmals auch im Hinblick auf ihre Zusammensetzung als Sauergas bezeichnet werden.Torch gas (natural gas) escaping through the central gas channel, which is relatively high calorific, is burned. Furthermore, however, other low-calorific gases are produced in the processing and production process, which evaporate, for example, from storage tanks and are referred to as breathing or release gas, often also with regard to their composition as sour gas.
Diese Gase bestehen hauptsächlich aus einem Gemisch aus Luft, Kohlenwasserstoffen und/oder aus Schwefelwasserstoff. Andere Gase sind nur in Spuren darin vorhanden. Diese Gemische haben keinen sehr hohen Brennwert, müssen jedoch, um eine unnötige Belastung der Umwelt zu vermeiden, ebenfalls abgefackelt werden. Aus diesem Grund sind zusätzlich zu dem zentralen Gaskanal auch weitere Zufuhreinrichtungen für derartige Atmungs- und Entlösungsgase vorgesehen.These gases mainly consist of a mixture of air, hydrocarbons and / or hydrogen sulfide. There are only traces of other gases in it. These mixtures do not have a very high calorific value, but they must also be flared to avoid unnecessary pollution of the environment. For this reason, in addition to the central gas channel, further supply devices for such breathing and release gases are provided.
In der Praxis hat man hierzu im wesentlichen die zwei folgenden Wege beschritten. Gemäß einer bekannten Modifikation wird ein Entgasungsrohr außerhalb des zentralen Gaskanals nach oben in den Mündungsbereich des zentralen Gaskanals geführt und dort gegebenenfalls durch die Pilotbrenner gezündet und abgefackelt. Gemäß einer anderen bekannten Ausführungsform wird das Gas einfach in den zentralen Gaskanal geleitet und in diesem nach oben geführt, wobei sich jedoch aufgrund des niedrigen Brennwertes und des relativ großen Querschnittes des zentralen Gaskanals Entzündungsprobleme für derartiges Entlösungsgas ergeben, wobei auch sehr hohe Ausbrandverluste auftreten. Als Ausbrandverlust bezeichnet man dabei den relativen Anteil der nicht verbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffe und des Schwefelwasserstoffs im Abgas und zwar entweder bezogen auf die Gesamtabgasmenge oder aber bezogen auf den vorher im Entlösungsgas vorhandenen Kohlenwasserstoff- bzw. Schwefelwasserstoff-Anteil.In practice, the following two approaches have essentially been followed. According to a known modification, a degassing pipe outside the central gas channel is led upwards into the mouth area of the central gas channel and, if necessary, ignited and flared there by the pilot burner. According to another known embodiment, the gas is simply passed into the central gas channel and led upwards in this, but due to the low calorific value and the relatively large cross section of the central gas channel, ignition problems arise for such a release gas, with very high burnout losses also occurring. Burnout loss refers to the relative proportion of the unburned hydrocarbons and the hydrogen sulfide in the exhaust gas, either based on the total exhaust gas quantity or based on the hydrocarbon or hydrogen sulfide content previously present in the stripping gas.
Der möglichst vollständigen Verbrennung von Kohlenwasserstoffen in derartigen Gasen wird deshalb eine relativ große Bedeutung beigemessen, weil Kohlenwasserstoffe in sehr starkem Maße als sogenannte "Treibhausgase" wirken und den in der Öffentlichkeit bereits viel diskutierten Treibhauseffekt noch wesentlich stärker bengünstigen als das mengenmäßig dominierende Kohlendioxid.The complete combustion of hydrocarbons in such gases is considered to be of relatively great importance because hydrocarbons act to a very large extent as so-called "greenhouse gases" and favor the greenhouse effect, which has already been much discussed in public, much more favorably than the quantity-dominating carbon dioxide.
Schwefelwasserstoff ist eine relativ giftige und unangenehm riechende Substanz, so daß diese Eigenschaften ausschlagebend dafür sind, daß auch eine möglichst vollständige Verbrennung des H₂S-Anteils angestrebt wird.Hydrogen sulfide is a relatively poisonous and unpleasant smelling substance, so that these properties are decisive for the aim of burning the H₂S portion as completely as possible.
Darüber hinaus soll außerdem das Entstehen anderer schädlicher Abgase wie Kohlenmonoxid und Stickoxide möglichst vermieden werden.In addition, the generation of other harmful exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides should be avoided as far as possible.
Die bekannten Fackelbrenner haben in Bezug auf die Verbrennung von Entlösungsgas relativ hohe Ausbrandverluste, verbrennen also die brennbaren Bestandteile nur sehr unvollständig. Außerdem entstehen bei der Verbrennung relativ hohe Temperaturen, wobei auch die Bildung von Kohlenmonoxid und Stickoxiden nicht ganz ausgeschlossen ist. Die Entstehung von Schwefeldioxid ist aufgrund der Verbrennung des im Entlösungsgas enthaltenen Schwefelwasserstoffes unvermeidlich, ebenso wie die Entstehung von Kohlendioxid.The known torch burners have relatively high burn-out losses with regard to the combustion of degassing gas, so they burn the combustible components only very incompletely. In addition, relatively high temperatures arise during combustion, whereby the formation of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides is not entirely excluded. The formation of sulfur dioxide is inevitable due to the combustion of the hydrogen sulfide contained in the release gas, as well as the generation of carbon dioxide.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Fackelbrenner mit den eingangs genannten Merkmalen zu schaffen, welcher geringere Ausbrandverluste aufweist und darüber hinaus auch wenig schädliche Abgase erzeugt.The present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a torch burner with the features mentioned at the outset, which has lower burnout losses and, moreover, also produces little harmful exhaust gases.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Zufuhreinrichtungen für das Entlösungsgas nahe der Innenwand des Zentralkanales angeordnete Rohre sind, deren Durchmeser klein gegen den Durchmesser des zentralen Kanales ist und deren Zahl höchstens gleich der Zahl der Pilotbrenner ist, wobei ihre Austrittsöffnungen unterhalb der Pilotbrenner liegen.This object is achieved in that the feed devices for the degassing gas are arranged near the inner wall of the central channel, the diameter of which is small compared to the diameter of the central channel and the number of which is at most equal to the number of pilot burners, their outlet openings being below the pilot burner.
Diese Gestaltung des Fackelbrenners hat zur Folge, daß die schon relativ niederkalorigen Entlösungsgase ohne weitere Verdünnung unmittelbar in den Bereich der Pilotbrennerflamme geführt werden und dort schnell und weitgehend vollständig verbrennen. Es treten am Austritt der Rohre praktisch keine nennenswerten Verdünnungen der Gase mehr auf, und die brennbaren Bestandteile werden direkt einem Flammenbereich zugeführt, so daß sie auch relativ schnell zünden.This design of the torch burner has the result that the already relatively low calorific release gases are passed directly into the area of the pilot burner flame without further dilution and there they burn quickly and largely completely. There are practically no significant dilutions of the gases at the outlet of the tubes, and the combustible components are fed directly to a flame area, so that they ignite relatively quickly.
Im Ergebnis erhält man so eine fast vollständige Verbrennung aller brennbaren Bestandteile bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen, weil der Gasstrom in mehrere Teilgasströme aufgeteilt ist und jedem Pilotbrenner nur ein Teil des Gases zugeführt wird. Die niedrigen Temperaturen verhindern, daß Stickoxide oder Kohlenmonoxid in nennenwertem Umfang im Abgas entstehen.The result is an almost complete combustion of all combustible components at relatively low temperatures because the gas flow is divided into several partial gas flows and only part of the gas is supplied to each pilot burner. The low temperatures prevent nitrogen oxides or carbon monoxide from being produced in the exhaust gas to a significant extent.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Austrittsöffnungen der Rohre durch einen Schnitt entlang einer zur Rohrachse geneigten Ebene gebildet. Es sind also keine speziellen Düsen erforderlich, welche den aus den Rohren austretenden Gasstrom lenken. Wenn die Ebene der Austrittsöffnungen schräg zur Rohrachse liegt, ist es zweckmäßig und vorteilhaft, diese teilweise auch seitlich von der Rohrachse weg gerichteten Austrittsöffnungen zur Innenwand des Gaskanales hin zu richten. Das Gas streicht dann entlang des verbleibenden Teiles der Innenwand nach oben unmittelbar vor die Mündung des Pilotbrenners, der ebenfalls in diesen Bereich mündet. Dabei ist der Abstand der Austrittsöffnung eines solchen Rohres zur Austrittsöffnung des zentralen Kanales ist damit relativ gering. Auch der Durchmesser der Rohre für das Entlösungsgas ist relativ klein gegenüber dem Durchmesser des zentralen Gaskanals. Zweckmäßigerweise werden alle Rohre als zylindrische Rohre ausgebildet. Die Windschürze ist im wesentlichen ein einfacher oder auch doppelwandiger Zylindermantel, der den oberen Bereich des zentralen Gaskanals im Abstand umgibt. Eine derartige Windschürze sorgt für günstige Strömungsverhältnisse an der Austrittsöffnung des zentralen Gaskanals und dient gleichzeitig als Sichtblende, so daß das Abfackeln von Entlösungsgas und die Flammen der Pilotbrenner von außerhalb im allgemeinen nicht zu sehen sind.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outlet openings of the tubes are formed by a cut along a plane inclined to the tube axis. No special nozzles are required to direct the gas stream emerging from the pipes. If the plane of the outlet openings lies obliquely to the pipe axis, it is expedient and advantageous to partially direct these outlet openings directed laterally away from the pipe axis towards the inner wall of the gas channel. The gas then sweeps upwards along the remaining part of the inner wall immediately in front of the mouth of the pilot burner, which likewise opens into this area. The distance between the outlet opening of such a tube and the outlet opening of the central channel is thus relatively small. The diameter of the pipes for the stripping gas is also relatively small compared to the diameter of the central gas channel. All tubes are expediently designed as cylindrical tubes. The wind apron is essentially a simple or double-walled cylinder jacket covering the upper area of the central gas channel at a distance. Such a wind apron ensures favorable flow conditions at the outlet opening of the central gas channel and at the same time serves as a screen, so that the flaring of the release gas and the flames of the pilot burners are generally not visible from outside.
Die Pilotbrenner sind dabei im Zwischenraum zwischen der Windschürze und dem oberen Ende des zentralen Gaskanals angeordnet und mit ihrer Mündung zur Achse des zentralen Gaskanals hin gerichtet.The pilot burners are arranged in the space between the wind apron and the upper end of the central gas channel and their mouth is directed towards the axis of the central gas channel.
Die Austrittsöffnungen der Rohre für das Entlösungsgas münden vorzugsweise relativ dicht unterhalb des oberen Endes des zentralen Gaskanals und damit auch unmittelbar unter den Mündungen der Pilotbrenner. Die Pilotbrenner sind in gleichmäßigen Abständen entlang des Umfanges des zentralen Gaskanals verteilt, z. B. drei Pilotbrenner in Winkelabständen von 120°. Jedem dieser Pilotbrenner ist vorzugsweise ein Rohr für Entlösungsgas zugeordnet, welches die gleiche Winkelposition wie der zugehörige Pilotbrenner hat und an der Innenwand des zentralen Gaskanals nach oben geführt ist. Das Entlösungsgas wird somit direkt und unverdünnt in den Flammenbereich des Pilotbrenners geführt.The outlet openings of the pipes for the degassing gas preferably open relatively close below the upper end of the central gas channel and thus also directly below the mouths of the pilot burners. The pilot burners are distributed at regular intervals along the circumference of the central gas duct, e.g. B. three pilot burners at angular intervals of 120 °. Each of these pilot burners is preferably assigned a tube for removal gas, which has the same angular position as the associated pilot burner and is guided upwards on the inner wall of the central gas duct. The stripping gas is therefore fed directly and undiluted into the flame area of the pilot burner.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß der Verteiler ein Doppelzylinder ist, in dessen Zwischenraum axial oder radial von außen mindestens ein Hauptentgasungsrohr mündet, während von der zylindrischen Innenwand des Verteilers aus die einzelnen Rohre für das Entlösungsgas abzweigen. Zweckmäßigerweise wird dabei der Verteiler derart gestaltet, daß im Abstand von dem oberen Ende des zentralen Gaskanals eine Manschette den zentralen Gaskanal im Abstand konzentrisch umgibt, so daß zwischen der Innenwand der Manschette und der Außenwand des zentralen Gaskanals ein ringförmniger Zwischenraum gebildet wird. In axialer Richtung wird dieser Zwischenraum durch passende flache Ringe verschlossen.It is expediently provided according to a preferred embodiment of the invention that the distributor is a double cylinder, in the space between which at least one main degassing pipe opens axially or radially from the outside, while the individual pipes for the degassing gas branch off from the cylindrical inner wall of the distributor. The distributor is expediently designed in such a way that, at a distance from the upper end of the central gas channel, a sleeve surrounds the central gas channel at a distance, so that an annular space is formed between the inner wall of the sleeve and the outer wall of the central gas channel. This space is closed in the axial direction by suitable flat rings.
In radialer Richtung weist die Manschette eine Anschlußöffnung für den Anschluß eines Hauptentgasungsrohres für Entlösungsgas auf. Der zentrale Gaskanal weist dann im Bereich der Manschette, vorzugsweise in gleichen Winkelabständen Austrittsöffnungen für das Entlösungsgas auf, an welcher die bereits erwähnten Rohre angeschlossen sind, die dann das Entlösungsgas den ihnen zugeordneten Pilotbrennern zuführen. Das Hauptentgasungsrohr könnte jedoch auch im Bereich des unteren Ringes axial in einen derartigen Verteilerraum geführt werden. Zusätzlich kann die Manschette auch eine Öffnungsklappe für Kontrollzwecke aufweisen.In the radial direction, the sleeve has a connection opening for connecting a main degassing pipe for degassing gas. The central gas channel then has outlet openings for the stripping gas in the area of the sleeve, preferably at equal angular intervals, to which the aforementioned pipes are connected, which then feed the stripping gas to the pilot burners assigned to them. However, the main degassing pipe could also be guided axially into such a distribution space in the area of the lower ring. In addition, the cuff can also have an opening flap for control purposes.
Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei welcher die Achse eines Pilotbrenners und die Achse des zugehörigen Rohres auf einen gemeinsamen Punkt vor der Austrittsöffnung des Pilotbrenners und vor der Austrittsöffnung des Rohres konvergieren. Dieser Punkt liegt vorzugsweise im Flammenkern des Pilotbrenners.An embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred in which the axis of a pilot burner and the axis of the associated tube converge on a common point in front of the outlet opening of the pilot burner and in front of the outlet opening of the tube. This point is preferably in the flame core of the pilot burner.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der vorliegenden Erfindung werden deutlich anhand der folgenden Beschreibung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform und der dazugehörigen Figuren. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch den oberen Teil eines Fackelbrenners und
- Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf den Fackelbrennerkopf.
- Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the upper part of a torch and
- Fig. 2 is a plan view of the torch burner head.
In Fig. 1 erkennt man den Fackelbrennerkopf 20, der aus dem oberen Ende eines zentralen Gaskanals 1, einer dieses obere Ende im Abstand konzentrisch umgebenden Windschürze 2 und im Innern der Windschürze in gleichmäßigen Abständen um das Ende des zentralen Gaskanals herum angeordneten Pilotbrennern 3 besteht. Das obere Ende des zentralen Gaskanals kann in geeigneter Weise als Düse ausgestaltet werden, um den austretenden Fackelgasstrom und die entstehende Flamme in geeigneter Weise zu formen.1 shows the torch burner head 20, which consists of the upper end of a
Außer dem Brennerkopf 20 erkennt man in Fig. 1 auch noch ein seitlich außerhalb des zentralen Kanals 1 aufwärts führendes Hauptentgasungsrohr 9, welches in radialer Richtung in die Manschette 11 mündet.In addition to the burner head 20, a
Die Manschette 11 bildet die Außenwand eines doppelwandigen Hohlzylinders, der als Verteiler 6 für Entlösungsgas und dergleichen dient. Die Innenwand des Verteilers 6 wird durch einen Abschnitt des zentralen Gaskanals 1 gebildet. Der Zwischenraum zwischen der Manschette 11 und dem zentralen Kanal 1 wird in axialer Richtung durch dichtend angebrachte Ringscheiben verschlossen. Im oberen Bereich des Verteilers 6 sind innen unter Winkelabständen von jeweils 120° drei Durchgangsöffnungen im zentralen Gaskanal 1 vorgesehen, von welchen aus Rohre 4 entlang der Innenwand des Gaskanals 1 das aus dem Verteiler 6 austretende Entlösungsgas nach oben an die Mündung des zentralen Gaskanals 1 leiten. In Fig. 1 ist nur eines dieser Rohre beispielhaft dargestellt, während zusätzlich die Verteileröffnung im zentralen Gaskanal für ein weiteres Rohr 4 dargestellt ist.The
Das obere freie Ende der Rohre 4 ist derart abgeschrägt, daß die längere Seite des Rohres zur Achse des zentralen Gaskanals hin gerichtet ist, so daß sichergestellt wird, daß das austretende Gas vorwiegend entlang des verbleibenden Abschnittes der Innenwand des Gaskanals 1 nach oben in den Flammenbereich des Pilotbrenners 3 strömt. Das freie Ende der Rohre 4 kann im übrigen in beliebiger Weise als Düse ausgebildet werden. Eine gewisse Düsenwirkung läßt sich auch durch Zusammenwirken der bezüglich der Achse des Rohres 4 schräg verlaufenden Austrittsöffnung 5 mit einem konisch einwärts geneigten Rand des oberen Endes des zentralen Gaskanals erzielen.The upper free end of the
In den vorliegenden Skizzen sind alle Teile im wesentlichen nur schematisch dargestellt, und es versteht sich, daß die detaillierte strömungsgünstige Ausgestaltung aller Komponenten entsprechend dem Wissen des einschlägig vorgebildeten Fachmannes vorgenommen werden kann.In the present sketches, all parts are essentially only shown schematically, and it goes without saying that the detailed, aerodynamic design of all components can be carried out in accordance with the knowledge of the relevant pre-trained specialist.
In Fig. 1 ist weiterhin noch eine Zufuhrleitung 12 für einen der Pilotbrenner 3 mit unteren und oberen Halterungen 13 zu erkennen. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Windschürze 2 doppelwandig, was zu günstigen Störmungsverhältnissen beiträgt, da sich die äußere Wand der Windschürze 2 im Betrieb des Fackelbrenners nur mäßig erwärmt, so daß ein Saugeffekt durch aufströmende heiße Gase vor allem im Innern der Windschürze auftritt und so in ausreichendem Maße Sauerstoff zur möglichst vollständigen Verbrennung der Gase nachzieht.In Fig. 1 is still a supply line 12 for one of the
In Fig. 2 erkennt man, daß entlang des Umfangs des Brennerkopfes in gleichmäßigen Winkelabständen von 120° drei Pilotbrenner 3 angeordnet sind, denen jeweils ein eigenes Rohr 4 für Entlösungsgas zugeordnet ist, welches unmittelbar unterhalb des Pilotbrenners in der gleichen Winkelposition mündet. In Fig. 2 erkennt man, daß der obere Rand des zentralen Gaskanales 1, was in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellt ist, etwas eingezogen ist, so daß sich zusammen mit dem schrägen Anschnitt der Rohre 4 an der Austrittsöffnung ein gewisser Düseneffekt für das unter relativ niedrigem Druck ausströmende Entlösungsgas ergibt. Man erkennt weiterhin in Fig. 2 noch das Hauptentgasungsrohr 9 und den gestrichelt eingezeichneten Verteiler 6, der äußere Zugangsklappen 14 zu Wartungs- und Überwachungszwecken hat.In Fig. 2 it can be seen that three
Mit einem so gestalteten Fackelbrenner erreicht man auch für die niederkalorigen Entlösungsgase eine fast vollständige Verbrennung von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Schwefelwasserstoff mit einem niedrigen Gehalt von Schadstoffen im Abgas.With a torch burner designed in this way, an almost complete combustion of hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide with a low content of pollutants in the exhaust gas is achieved even for the low calorific release gases.
Die Ausbrandverluste liegen für Kohlenwasserstoffe unterhalb von 5 %, typischerweise in der Größenordnunt von 3 % und für Schwefelwasserstoff unter 1 %.Burnout losses are below 5% for hydrocarbons, typically in the order of 3% and below 1% for hydrogen sulfide.
- 11
- GaskanalGas channel
- 22nd
- WindschürzeApron
- 33rd
- PilotbrennerPilot burner
- 44th
- RohreTube
- 55
- AustrittsöffnungOutlet opening
- 66
- VerteilerDistributor
- 99
- HauptentgasungsrohrMain degassing pipe
- 1111
- Manschettecuff
- 1212
- ZufuhrleitungSupply line
- 1313
- HalterungenMounts
- 1414
- ZugangsklappenAccess hatches
- 2020th
- FackelbrennerkopfTorch burner head
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4029715 | 1990-09-19 | ||
| DE4029715A DE4029715A1 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | TORCH BURNER |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0476548A2 true EP0476548A2 (en) | 1992-03-25 |
| EP0476548A3 EP0476548A3 (en) | 1992-09-02 |
| EP0476548B1 EP0476548B1 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
Family
ID=6414561
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91115607A Expired - Lifetime EP0476548B1 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1991-09-14 | Flare burner |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0476548B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE119651T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4029715A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6702572B2 (en) * | 2001-08-20 | 2004-03-09 | John Zink Company, Llc | Ultra-stable flare pilot and methods |
| CN105927992A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-09-07 | 北京航天动力研究所 | Air premixed type flare combustor capable of treating poisonous gas |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19854581A1 (en) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-06-08 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Device and method for converting the boil-off gas from cryogenic fuel tanks |
| CN114278961A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-04-05 | 陕西航空电气有限责任公司 | Flame-stabilizing energy-saving efficient multifunctional pilot burner |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3429645A (en) * | 1967-09-20 | 1969-02-25 | Zink Co John | Flare stack burner |
| US4468193A (en) * | 1983-03-03 | 1984-08-28 | Mcgill Incorporated | Staged hydrocarbon combustion system |
-
1990
- 1990-09-19 DE DE4029715A patent/DE4029715A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-09-14 EP EP91115607A patent/EP0476548B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-14 DE DE59104859T patent/DE59104859D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-14 AT AT91115607T patent/ATE119651T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3429645A (en) * | 1967-09-20 | 1969-02-25 | Zink Co John | Flare stack burner |
| US4468193A (en) * | 1983-03-03 | 1984-08-28 | Mcgill Incorporated | Staged hydrocarbon combustion system |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6702572B2 (en) * | 2001-08-20 | 2004-03-09 | John Zink Company, Llc | Ultra-stable flare pilot and methods |
| US6840761B2 (en) | 2001-08-20 | 2005-01-11 | John Zink Company, Llc | Ultra-stable flare pilot and methods |
| CN105927992A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-09-07 | 北京航天动力研究所 | Air premixed type flare combustor capable of treating poisonous gas |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4029715A1 (en) | 1992-03-26 |
| EP0476548B1 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
| ATE119651T1 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| DE59104859D1 (en) | 1995-04-13 |
| EP0476548A3 (en) | 1992-09-02 |
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