EP0475804A1 - Process for manufacture of tool steel, in particular for moulds and steel produced by this method - Google Patents
Process for manufacture of tool steel, in particular for moulds and steel produced by this method Download PDFInfo
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- EP0475804A1 EP0475804A1 EP91402233A EP91402233A EP0475804A1 EP 0475804 A1 EP0475804 A1 EP 0475804A1 EP 91402233 A EP91402233 A EP 91402233A EP 91402233 A EP91402233 A EP 91402233A EP 0475804 A1 EP0475804 A1 EP 0475804A1
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- steel
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- composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing a tool steel intended in particular for the manufacture of injection molds, as well as a tool steel obtained by this process.
- the steels intended for the manufacture of molds must necessarily reconcile, on the one hand, an excellent aptitude for severe machining and, on the other hand, an aptitude for finishing treatments of the mold cavity surfaces, both from the point mechanically, for example in a polishing operation, than chemically, for example in a peening operation.
- the physical and / or chemical behaviors of these steels can be contradictory, which requires optimizing their different characteristics in order to reach a satisfactory compromise.
- Tool steels are known which are intended for the production of molds, containing a sulfur content ranging from 0 to 0.1% by weight, a relatively wide content range for steels used in this technical field.
- these steels Due to the amplitude of the range of the sulfur content, these steels have the drawback of not having simultaneously the above characteristics and, moreover, for certain sulfur contents, the characteristics of said steels are not not suitable, in particular for polishing and / or roughening.
- a heterogeneous distribution of sulphides may occur, by a phenomenon of localized segregation, which takes place during the insufficiently controlled solidification of the steel in the mold.
- the object of the invention is to alleviate these various drawbacks, inter alia, by proposing improved quality tool steel, in particular for the manufacture of molds.
- the invention also relates to a tool steel intended in particular for the manufacture of injection molds, obtained by the process and comprising in its composition a sulfur content ranging from 0.01 to 0.02% by weight.
- the single figure is a curve showing the density of micro-pitting with an average diameter of less than 25 ⁇ m, after a polishing operation, as a function of the sulfur content entering the composition of steel.
- a tool steel is produced intended for the manufacture of molds by controlling a deoxidation operation during which the composition elements are in the molten state under vacuum at a pressure of less than 10 mm of Hg.
- L deoxidation operation consists of stirring the steel in the presence of calcium.
- Calcium can be replaced by other deoxidizing elements, such as for example silicon, aluminum, zirconium, titanium at contents lower than 0.35%.
- Another operation according to the method consists in resulfurization of the molten steel under a controlled atmosphere of a neutral gas, such as argon.
- a neutral gas such as argon.
- the controlled atmosphere of argon can be replaced by a controlled atmosphere of nitrogen, helium.
- a third operation according to the method comprises a casting of the steel under conditions which ensure a gradual and regular solidification avoiding local delays in solidification and segregation effects of sulphides.
- the elements chosen from selenium, tellurium, boron, cerium, introduced into the composition of steel as a single element or in combination have effect of reinforcing the effect of sulfur on the machinability without appreciably damaging the other characteristics of the steel.
- the contents of these elements are preferably as follows: less than 0.02% selenium less than 0.02% tellurium less than 0.01% boron less than 0.01% of cerium
- the homogenization of sulfur in a defined proportion in the steel is improved by the solidification of the steel in an ingot mold ensuring a low tendency to meso-segregation and this by controlling a regular advance of the solidification front.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé d'élaboration d'un acier à outils destiné notamment à la fabrication de moules d'injection, ainsi qu'un acier à outils obtenu par ce procédé.The present invention relates to a process for producing a tool steel intended in particular for the manufacture of injection molds, as well as a tool steel obtained by this process.
Dans l'industrie des matières plastiques, pour la fabrication de pièces par injection, il est fait usage de moules spécifiques en acier ayant des caractéristiques particulières.In the plastics industry, for the manufacture of parts by injection, use is made of specific steel molds having particular characteristics.
En effet, les aciers destinés à la fabrication de moules doivent nécessairement concilier, d'une part, une excellente aptitude aux usinages sévères et, d'autre part, une aptitude aux traitements de finition des surfaces d'empreinte du moule, tant du point de vue mécanique, par exemple dans une opération de polissage, que du point de vue chimique, par exemple dans une opération de grenage. Les comportements physiques et/ou chimiques de ces aciers peuvent être antinomiques, ce qui nécessite d'optimiser leurs différentes caractéristiques afin d'aboutir à un compromis satisfaisant.Indeed, the steels intended for the manufacture of molds must necessarily reconcile, on the one hand, an excellent aptitude for severe machining and, on the other hand, an aptitude for finishing treatments of the mold cavity surfaces, both from the point mechanically, for example in a polishing operation, than chemically, for example in a peening operation. The physical and / or chemical behaviors of these steels can be contradictory, which requires optimizing their different characteristics in order to reach a satisfactory compromise.
On connaît des aciers à outils destinés à la réalisation de moules, contenant une teneur en soufre comprise dans un intervalle de 0 à 0,1% en poids, intervalle de teneur relativement large pour des aciers utilisés dans ce domaine technique.Tool steels are known which are intended for the production of molds, containing a sulfur content ranging from 0 to 0.1% by weight, a relatively wide content range for steels used in this technical field.
En raison de l'amplitude de l'intervalle de la teneur en soufre, ces aciers ont l'inconvénient de ne pas présenter, de façon simultanée, les caractéristiques précitées et de plus, pour certaines teneurs en soufre, les caractéristiques desdits aciers ne sont pas adaptées, en particulier au polissage et/ou au grenage.Due to the amplitude of the range of the sulfur content, these steels have the drawback of not having simultaneously the above characteristics and, moreover, for certain sulfur contents, the characteristics of said steels are not not suitable, in particular for polishing and / or roughening.
Par ailleurs d'autres caractéristiques sont de nature à nuire à l'aptitude au polissage et au grenage.Furthermore, other characteristics are likely to impair the ability to polish and grenage.
On peut citer, notamment, à cet égard, la présence dans ces aciers d'inclusions d'oxydes dues à un taux de désoxydation insuffisant de l'acier à l'état fondu lors de son élaboration. Ceci s'explique par le fait que la désoxydation est volontairement limitée pour éviter l'élimination du soufre qui se fait de manière simultanée.Mention may be made, in particular, in this regard, of the presence in these steels of oxide inclusions due to an insufficient rate of deoxidation of the steel in the molten state during its production. This is explained by the fact that the deoxidation is voluntarily limited to avoid the elimination of the sulfur which occurs simultaneously.
Dans un autre exemple, il peut se produire une distribution hétérogène des sulfures, par un phénomène de ségrégation localisée, qui a lieu lors de la solidification insuffisamment contrôlée de l'acier en lingotière.In another example, a heterogeneous distribution of sulphides may occur, by a phenomenon of localized segregation, which takes place during the insufficiently controlled solidification of the steel in the mold.
L'invention a pour but de pallier entre autres ces différents inconvénients, en proposant un acier à outils de qualité améliorée, notamment pour la fabrication de moules.The object of the invention is to alleviate these various drawbacks, inter alia, by proposing improved quality tool steel, in particular for the manufacture of molds.
Elle a pour objet un procédé dans lequel :
- on élabore un acier contenant dans sa composition :
de 0,2 à 2% de carbone
0,2 à 2% de manganèse
0,35 à 20% de chrome
moins de 5% de nickel
moins de 5% de vanadium et/ou de tungstène en addition
moins de 5% de molybdène
de 0,01 à 0,02% de soufre,
le reste étant du fer; - lors de son élaboration sous vide, on désoxyde l'acier à l'état fondu en le brassant en présence d'un élément désoxydant;
- on resulfure, sous atmosphère contrôlée, l'acier à l'état fondu pour atteindre une teneur en soufre déterminée;
- on coule l'acier en assurant une solidification progressive et régulière pour éliminer les retards locaux de solidification.
- a steel is produced containing in its composition:
0.2 to 2% carbon
0.2 to 2% manganese
0.35 to 20% chromium
less than 5% nickel
less than 5% of vanadium and / or tungsten in addition
less than 5% molybdenum
from 0.01 to 0.02% sulfur,
the rest being iron; - during its preparation under vacuum, the steel is deoxidized in the molten state by stirring it in the presence of a deoxidizing element;
- the steel is resulfided under a controlled atmosphere, in the molten state, to reach a content of determined sulfur;
- the steel is poured while ensuring progressive and regular solidification to eliminate local solidification delays.
Suivant d'autres caractéristiques :
- on élabore un acier contenant en outre dans sa composition :
moins de 0,02% de sélénium
moins de 0,02% de tellure
moins de 0,01% de bore
moins de 0,01% de cérium
ces éléments étant pris ensemble ou séparément, et pouvants être introduits en complément. - l'élément désoxydant est choisi parmi le calcium, le silicium, l'aluminium, le zirconium, le titane.
- la teneur en calcium est comprise dans l'intervalle de 5.10⁻⁴ à 0,035% en poids.
- la teneur en soufre est comprise dans l'intervalle de 0,01 à 0,02% en poids.
- l'atmosphère contrôlée est de préférence un gaz neutre choisi parmi l'argon, l'azote, l'hélium.
- a steel is produced containing, in addition, in its composition:
less than 0.02% selenium
less than 0.02% tellurium
less than 0.01% boron
less than 0.01% of cerium
these elements being taken together or separately, and can be introduced in addition. - the deoxidizing element is chosen from calcium, silicon, aluminum, zirconium, titanium.
- the calcium content is in the range of 5.10⁻⁴ to 0.035% by weight.
- the sulfur content is in the range of 0.01 to 0.02% by weight.
- the controlled atmosphere is preferably a neutral gas chosen from argon, nitrogen, helium.
L'invention concerne également un acier à outils destiné notamment à la fabrication de moules d'injection, obtenu par le procédé et comprenant dans sa composition une teneur en soufre comprise dans l'intervalle de 0,01 à 0,02% en poids.The invention also relates to a tool steel intended in particular for the manufacture of injection molds, obtained by the process and comprising in its composition a sulfur content ranging from 0.01 to 0.02% by weight.
La description qui suit et le dessin annexé, le tout donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, feront bien comprendre l'invention.The following description and the attached drawing, all given by way of non-limiting example, will make the invention easier to understand.
La figure unique est une courbe mettant en évidence la densité de micro-piqûres de diamètre moyen inférieur à 25 um, après une opération de polissage, en fonction de la teneur en soufre entrant dans la composition de l'acier.The single figure is a curve showing the density of micro-pitting with an average diameter of less than 25 μm, after a polishing operation, as a function of the sulfur content entering the composition of steel.
Dans le procédé selon l'invention on élabore un acier à outils destiné à la fabrication de moules en contrôlant une opération de désoxydation pendant laquelle les éléments de composition sont à l'état fondu sous vide à une pression inférieure à 10 mm de Hg. L'opération de désoxydation consiste en un brassage de l'acier en présence de calcium. Le calcium peut être remplacé par d'autres éléments désoxydants, comme par exemple le silicium, l'aluminium, le zirconium, le titane à des teneurs inférieures à 0,35%.In the method according to the invention, a tool steel is produced intended for the manufacture of molds by controlling a deoxidation operation during which the composition elements are in the molten state under vacuum at a pressure of less than 10 mm of Hg. L deoxidation operation consists of stirring the steel in the presence of calcium. Calcium can be replaced by other deoxidizing elements, such as for example silicon, aluminum, zirconium, titanium at contents lower than 0.35%.
Pendant cette opération, le soufre a tendance à s'échapper de l'acier en fusion. Il n'en subsiste, après désoxydation, que quelques traces, c'est-à-dire moins de 0,002%.During this operation, the sulfur tends to escape from the molten steel. After deoxidation, only a few traces remain, that is to say less than 0.002%.
Une autre opération selon le procédé consiste en une resulfuration de l'acier fondu sous une atmosphère contrôlée d'un gaz neutre, tel que l'argon. Cette opération permet, après l'élimination du soufre par l'opération de désoxydation, de resulfurer l'acier à teneur voulue, sans risque de réoxydation notable.Another operation according to the method consists in resulfurization of the molten steel under a controlled atmosphere of a neutral gas, such as argon. This operation makes it possible, after the removal of the sulfur by the deoxidation operation, to resulfurize the steel with the desired content, without risk of significant reoxidation.
L'atmosphère contrôlée d'argon peut être remplacée par une atmosphère contrôlée d'azote, d'hélium.The controlled atmosphere of argon can be replaced by a controlled atmosphere of nitrogen, helium.
Une troisième opération selon le procédé comprend une coulée de l'acier dans des conditions qui assurent une solidification progressive et régulière évitant des retards locaux de solidification et des effets de ségrégation des sulfures.A third operation according to the method comprises a casting of the steel under conditions which ensure a gradual and regular solidification avoiding local delays in solidification and segregation effects of sulphides.
Dans une forme du procédé selon l'invention, les éléments choisis parmi le sélénium, le tellure, le bore, le cérium, introduits dans la composition de l'acier en élément unique ou en combinaison ont pour effet de renforcer l'effet du soufre sur l'usinabilité sans nuire notablement aux autres caractéristiques de l'acier.In one form of the method according to the invention, the elements chosen from selenium, tellurium, boron, cerium, introduced into the composition of steel as a single element or in combination have effect of reinforcing the effect of sulfur on the machinability without appreciably damaging the other characteristics of the steel.
De préférence les teneurs de ces éléments sont les suivantes :
moins de 0,02% de sélénium
moins de 0,02% de tellure
moins de 0,01% de bore
moins de 0,01% de cériumThe contents of these elements are preferably as follows:
less than 0.02% selenium
less than 0.02% tellurium
less than 0.01% boron
less than 0.01% of cerium
Un exemple d'acier obtenu selon le procédé décrit ci-dessus, dont une composition est la suivante :
carbone : 0,4%
manganèse : 1,4%
chrome : 1,9%
molybdène : 0,2%
le reste étant du fer et des éléments métalliques résiduels désoxydants,
possède une teneur en soufre comprise dans l'intervalle de 0,01 à 0,02% en poids et particulièrement une teneur de 0,014% en poids.An example of steel obtained according to the process described above, the composition of which is as follows:
carbon: 0.4%
manganese: 1.4%
chromium: 1.9%
molybdenum: 0.2%
the rest being iron and deoxidizing residual metallic elements,
has a sulfur content in the range of 0.01 to 0.02% by weight and particularly a content of 0.014% by weight.
De manière inattendue, on constate qu'une telle teneur en soufre dans l'acier obtenu par le procédé selon l'invention donne à cet acier des caractéristiques mécaniques et chimiques particulièrement adaptées à l'application dans le domaine des moules d'injection.Unexpectedly, it is found that such a sulfur content in the steel obtained by the process according to the invention gives this steel mechanical and chemical characteristics which are particularly suitable for application in the field of injection molds.
L'homogénéisation du soufre en proportion définie dans l'acier est améliorée par la solidification de l'acier dans une lingotière assurant une faible tendance à la méso-ségrégation et cela par le contrôle d'une avancée régulière du front de solidification.The homogenization of sulfur in a defined proportion in the steel is improved by the solidification of the steel in an ingot mold ensuring a low tendency to meso-segregation and this by controlling a regular advance of the solidification front.
Cependant différentes méthodes peuvent être utilisées telles que le brassage par bullage ou électromagnétique.However different methods can be used such as bubbling or electromagnetic stirring.
L'effet particulier du soufre, dans l'intervalle des teneurs selon l'invention est lié au fait que ledit soufre a un rôle favorable à l'usinabilité dans un large domaine englobant l'intervalle des teneurs selon l'invention, et qu'en contrepartie, il a été constaté qu'au-dessus des teneurs définies selon l'invention, son rôle était particulièrement néfaste lors d'opérations telles que le polissage et le grenage.The particular effect of sulfur in the range of contents according to the invention is linked to the fact that said sulfur has a role favorable to machinability in a wide range encompassing the range of contents according to the invention, and that in return, it was found that above the levels defined according to the invention, its role was particularly harmful during operations such as polishing and shot blasting.
La figure unique est une courbe mettant en évidence la densité de micro-piqûres de diamètre moyen inférieur à 25 um, après une opération de polissage, en fonction de la teneur en soufre entrant dans la composition de l'acier cité en exemple :
- une teneur en soufre inférieure à 0,01% ne donne pas à l'acier des caractéristiques d'usinabilité acceptables;
- une teneur en soufre supérieure à 0,02% améliore effectivement l'usinabilité, mais comme il a été remarqué, simultanément, l'excès de soufre affecte les aptitudes au polissage et au grenage;
- en revanche, une teneur en soufre comprise entre 0,01% et 0,02% permet de concilier l'ensemble des caractéristiques requises.
- a sulfur content of less than 0.01% does not give the steel acceptable machinability characteristics;
- a sulfur content greater than 0.02% does improve machinability, but, as has been observed, simultaneously, the excess sulfur affects the polishing and peening properties;
- on the other hand, a sulfur content of between 0.01% and 0.02% makes it possible to reconcile all of the required characteristics.
Ces remarques ont imposé un contrôle des teneurs en soufre dans l'acier selon l'invention et une nécessité d'homogénéiser le soufre dans l'acier en limitant le processus de méso-ségrégation dudit soufre au cours de la solidification de l'acier liquide, de façon à assurer une distribution homogène des sulfures. Cette limitation à la méso-ségrégation, de type ségrégation localisée en veines, est obtenu en contrôlant la cinétique de solidification par une avancée régulière du front de solidification, évitant ainsi le piégeage de poches liquides enrichies en métal ségrégé à l'arrière du front de solidification.These remarks imposed a control of the sulfur contents in the steel according to the invention and a need to homogenize the sulfur in the steel by limiting the process of meso-segregation of said sulfur during the solidification of the liquid steel. , so as to ensure a homogeneous distribution of the sulphides. This limitation to meso-segregation, of the type segregation localized in veins, is obtained by controlling the solidification kinetics by a regular advance of the solidification front, thus avoiding the trapping of liquid pockets enriched with segregated metal behind the solidification front.
Claims (9)
de 0,2 à 2% de carbone
0,2 à 2% de manganèse
0,35 à 20% de chrome
moins de 5% de nickel
moins de 5% de molybdène
moins de 5% de vanadium et/ou de tungstène, en addition.
de 0,01 à 0,02% de soufre
le reste étant du fer;
0.2 to 2% carbon
0.2 to 2% manganese
0.35 to 20% chromium
less than 5% nickel
less than 5% molybdenum
less than 5% vanadium and / or tungsten, in addition.
0.01 to 0.02% sulfur
the rest being iron;
moins de 0,02% de sélénium
moins de 0,02% de tellure
moins de 0,01% de bore
moins de 0,01% de cériumProcess according to claim 1, characterized in that a steel is produced containing, in addition, in its composition:
less than 0.02% selenium
less than 0.02% tellurium
less than 0.01% boron
less than 0.01% of cerium
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9010780A FR2666351B1 (en) | 1990-08-29 | 1990-08-29 | PROCESS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TOOL STEEL, ESPECIALLY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MOLDS AND STEEL OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS. |
| FR9010780 | 1990-08-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0475804A1 true EP0475804A1 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
| EP0475804B1 EP0475804B1 (en) | 1996-01-03 |
Family
ID=9399939
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91402233A Expired - Lifetime EP0475804B1 (en) | 1990-08-29 | 1991-08-12 | Process for manufacture of tool steel, in particular for moulds and steel produced by this method |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0475804B1 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE1006831A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69116042T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2034892B1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2666351B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1250001B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19531260C2 (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 2000-05-25 | Buderus Edelstahlwerke Ag | Process for producing hot-work steel |
| WO2002083966A1 (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2002-10-24 | Usinor | Reinforced durable tool steel, method for the production thereof, method for producing parts made of said steel, and parts thus obtained |
| EP1283277A1 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-02-12 | Lucchini Sidermeccanica S.p.A. | Steel having excellent properties of workability by machine tools and, after a hardening thermal treatment, excellent mechanical properties and process for the production thereof |
| CN104498842A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-08 | 芜湖金龙模具锻造有限责任公司 | Boron-antimony alloy roll material |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2189182A1 (en) * | 1972-05-26 | 1974-01-25 | Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab | |
| US3824096A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1974-07-16 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Manganese-nickel-aluminum-copper-molybdenum system age-hardenable steel for plastic molds |
| EP0247415A2 (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1987-12-02 | Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag | Alloy steel product, die blocks and other forgings and castings made thereof and a method to manufacture the product |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3290128A (en) * | 1966-02-21 | 1966-12-06 | United States Steel Corp | Steel weldments |
| US4012227A (en) * | 1975-06-19 | 1977-03-15 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Highly castable, weldable, corrosion resistant stainless steel |
| AT390806B (en) * | 1983-09-23 | 1990-07-10 | Kos Bernd | AUSTENITIC MANGANIC STEEL AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US4711677A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1987-12-08 | The Garrett Corporation | High temperature bushing alloy |
-
1990
- 1990-08-29 FR FR9010780A patent/FR2666351B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-08-12 DE DE69116042T patent/DE69116042T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-08-12 EP EP91402233A patent/EP0475804B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-27 BE BE9100789A patent/BE1006831A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-27 IT ITTO910663A patent/IT1250001B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-08-27 ES ES9101932A patent/ES2034892B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3824096A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1974-07-16 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Manganese-nickel-aluminum-copper-molybdenum system age-hardenable steel for plastic molds |
| FR2189182A1 (en) * | 1972-05-26 | 1974-01-25 | Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab | |
| EP0247415A2 (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1987-12-02 | Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag | Alloy steel product, die blocks and other forgings and castings made thereof and a method to manufacture the product |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| IRON AND STEEL vol. 3, no. SP.I, 1970, GUILDFORD GB pages 27 - 43; R.W.REYNOLDSON ET AL.: 'HTE VACUUMHEAT TREATMENT OF TOOL STEELS' * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19531260C2 (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 2000-05-25 | Buderus Edelstahlwerke Ag | Process for producing hot-work steel |
| DE19531260C5 (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 2006-06-22 | Edelstahlwerke Buderus Ag | Process for producing a hot-work tool steel |
| WO2002083966A1 (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2002-10-24 | Usinor | Reinforced durable tool steel, method for the production thereof, method for producing parts made of said steel, and parts thus obtained |
| FR2823768A1 (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2002-10-25 | Usinor | Reinforced durable tool steel includes chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium and zirconium |
| CZ297762B6 (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2007-03-21 | Usinor | Tool steel, process for producing parts of such steel and a steel part obtained in such a manner |
| US7445750B1 (en) | 2001-04-18 | 2008-11-04 | Usinor | Reinforced durable steel, method for the production thereof, method for producing parts made of steel, and parts thus obtained |
| EP1283277A1 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-02-12 | Lucchini Sidermeccanica S.p.A. | Steel having excellent properties of workability by machine tools and, after a hardening thermal treatment, excellent mechanical properties and process for the production thereof |
| CN104498842A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-08 | 芜湖金龙模具锻造有限责任公司 | Boron-antimony alloy roll material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ITTO910663A1 (en) | 1993-02-27 |
| ES2034892A1 (en) | 1993-04-01 |
| ITTO910663A0 (en) | 1991-08-27 |
| ES2034892B1 (en) | 1994-04-01 |
| FR2666351A1 (en) | 1992-03-06 |
| FR2666351B1 (en) | 1993-11-12 |
| IT1250001B (en) | 1995-03-30 |
| DE69116042T2 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
| BE1006831A5 (en) | 1995-01-03 |
| EP0475804B1 (en) | 1996-01-03 |
| DE69116042D1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
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