EP0475007B1 - Water heater - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0475007B1
EP0475007B1 EP91111290A EP91111290A EP0475007B1 EP 0475007 B1 EP0475007 B1 EP 0475007B1 EP 91111290 A EP91111290 A EP 91111290A EP 91111290 A EP91111290 A EP 91111290A EP 0475007 B1 EP0475007 B1 EP 0475007B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water heater
inner lining
heater according
spacers
outer casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91111290A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0475007A1 (en
Inventor
Ernst Dipl.-Ing. Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0475007A1 publication Critical patent/EP0475007A1/en
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Publication of EP0475007B1 publication Critical patent/EP0475007B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/14—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
    • F24H1/145—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form using fluid fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water heater according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the combustion shaft has an uncooled jacket which is provided on the inside with a high-temperature-resistant, heat-insulating lining, in particular a mat or a fleece made of an aluminum oxide-based material. It is also known (DE-C-30 24 792) to attach refractory plates to the metallic wall sheets in such a way that an air gap remains between the outside of the refractory plate and the inside of the wall sheet.
  • the invention has for its object to reduce the volume of high temperature insulation with the same insulating effect with the aim of additional cost savings.
  • the design according to the invention enables the insulating panels forming the inner lining to be made thin without being exposed to the risk of material breakage.
  • the heat-insulating effect of the inner lining which is necessary for uncooled outer walls, is supplemented by the insulating effect of the enclosed air layer.
  • the stability created by the spacers allows the thickness of the insulating plates and the air layer to be dimensioned optimally without having to take into account the stability of free-standing insulating plates.
  • heat convection By obstructing the air circulation, heat convection, as occurs in a free air gap, can be largely avoided. Since heat convection is the main component in the transfer of heat - other heat transfer effects are heat conduction and heat radiation - the insulation effect improves considerably. An optimum in avoiding heat convection is achieved if the height of the chambers formed by the spacers is in a certain, constant ratio to the thickness of the insulating layer. The constant depends primarily on the material properties of the inner lining.
  • the outer jacket can have a contour-free, smooth surface and thus improve the overall visual impression of the combustion shaft.
  • the walls diverging in the ascending direction prevent hot combustion gases from flowing directly to the refractory panels.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through a wall of a combustion shaft only half drawn.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 show variants of the chambers formed by spacers in plan view and
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant of FIG. 1.
  • the combustion shaft 10 shown in half in FIG. 1 consists of an interior 12 and a wall 14 which separates the interior 12 from the external atmosphere 16.
  • the wall 14 consists of a metallic outer jacket 18 made of fire-aluminized steel sheet and a fire-resistant inner lining 20.
  • angles 22 are formed on the outer jacket 18 at the upper and lower ends so that the angle 22 and the outer jacket 18 between the outer legs 24 Holding rails are formed.
  • the inner lining 20 can be fastened to the outer jacket 18 by simply inserting individual plates by means of these holding rails.
  • Recesses 30 are provided on the side of the inner lining 20 facing the outer jacket 18, which are regularly distributed over the surface of the inner lining 20.
  • the inner lining 20 is supported on the outer jacket 18 by means of the webs 32 remaining between the cutouts 30. These webs 32 thus form spacers between an apparently thin plate 34 and the outer jacket 18.
  • the resulting thickness of the inner lining 20, which corresponds to the effective thickness of the thin plate 34, is composed of the thickness d of the inner lining 20 minus the depth of the recesses 30
  • the height h of the recesses 30 and the thickness d of the inner lining 20 are chosen so that the ratio between the height h and the thickness d is constant.
  • the material constants of the inner lining 20 and the prevailing temperature differences between the inner space 12 and the outer atmosphere 16 flow into this constant k.
  • the arrangement of the recesses 30 is chosen so that the remaining spacers 32 prevent air circulation in the vertical direction between the thin plate 34 and the outer jacket 18. This air circulation is optimally impeded when the constant k is in a range between 1.5 and 2.5, preferably 2. With the obstruction of the air circulation, the heat convection is hindered or prevented at the same time. This disrupts the physical mechanism of heat transfer, which usually transports the largest amounts of heat.
  • the recesses 30 can have a square or round profile.
  • the height h corresponds in each case to the maximum vertical extent of the cutouts 30.
  • the cutouts can also be angular (FIG. 2) or round (FIG. 3) or extend over the entire width of the inner lining 20 (FIG. 4).
  • the height h corresponds to the maximum vertical extent of the cutout 30.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Housings, Intake/Discharge, And Installation Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wassererhitzer nach der Gattung des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a water heater according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der DE-A-25 05 765 ist bekannt, daß der Verbrennungsschacht einen ungekühlten Mantel besitzt, der innen mit einer hochtemperaturbeständigen, wärmeisolierenden Auskleidung, insbesondere einer Matte oder einem Flies aus einem auf Aluminiumoxidbasis aufgebauten Stoff, versehen ist. Es ist weiterhin bekannt (DE-C-30 24 792), feuerfeste Platten so an den metallischen Wandblechen zu befestigen, daß zwischen der Außenseite der feuerfesten Platte und der Innenseite des Wandbleches ein Luftspalt verbleibt.From DE-A-25 05 765 it is known that the combustion shaft has an uncooled jacket which is provided on the inside with a high-temperature-resistant, heat-insulating lining, in particular a mat or a fleece made of an aluminum oxide-based material. It is also known (DE-C-30 24 792) to attach refractory plates to the metallic wall sheets in such a way that an air gap remains between the outside of the refractory plate and the inside of the wall sheet.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Volumen der Hochtemperaturisolierung bei gleichbleibender Isolierwirkung zu verringern mit dem Ziel zusätzlicher Kosteneinsparung.The invention has for its object to reduce the volume of high temperature insulation with the same insulating effect with the aim of additional cost savings.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung ermöglicht es, daß die die Innenauskleidung bildende Isolierplatten dünn ausgebildet werden können, ohne der Gefahr eines Materialbruchs ausgesetzt zu sein. Die wärmeisolierende Wirkung der Innenauskleidung, nötig bei ungekühlten Außenwänden, wird durch die isolierende Wirkung der eingeschlossenen Luftschicht ergänzt. Die durch die Abstandshalter geschaffene Stabilität erlaubt es, die Dicke der Isolierplatten und der Luftschicht optimal zu bemessen, ohne daß auf die Stabilität freistehender Isolierplatten Rücksicht genommen werden muß.The design according to the invention enables the insulating panels forming the inner lining to be made thin without being exposed to the risk of material breakage. The heat-insulating effect of the inner lining, which is necessary for uncooled outer walls, is supplemented by the insulating effect of the enclosed air layer. The stability created by the spacers allows the thickness of the insulating plates and the air layer to be dimensioned optimally without having to take into account the stability of free-standing insulating plates.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführte Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Wassererhitzers möglich. Eine Ausgestaltung der Innenauskleidung aus wärmeisolierendem Material, insbesondere wenn die Abstandshalter durch Ränder von in die Innenauskleidung eingebrachten Aussparungen gebildet sind, vermeidet Wärmebrücken, welche im ungünstigsten Fall eine die Wärme gut leitende Verbindung zwischen dem Innenraum des Verbrennungsschachts und der Atmosphäre darstellen und den Wirkungsgrad des Wassererhitzers verschlechtern.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the water heater specified in the main claim are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims. An embodiment of the inner lining made of heat-insulating material, especially if the spacers are formed by edges of recesses made in the inner lining, avoids thermal bridges, which in the worst case represent a heat-conducting connection between the interior of the combustion chamber and the atmosphere and the efficiency of the water heater worsen.

Durch das Behindern der Luftzirkulation läßt sich die Wärmekonvektion, wie sie in einem freien Luftspalt auftritt, größtenteils vermeiden. Da die Wärmekonvektion den Hauptanteil beim Übertragen von Wärme darstellt - andere die wärmeübertragende Effekte sind die Wärmeleitung und die Wärmestrahlung - verbessert sich die Isolierwirkung erheblich. Ein Optimum beim Vermeiden von Wärmekonvektion wird erreicht, wenn die Höhe der sich durch die Abstandshalter bildenden Kammern zu der Dicke der Isolierschicht in einem bestimmten, konstanten Verhältnis steht. Die Konstante hängt dabei in erster Linie von der Materialbeschaffenheit der Innenauskleidung ab.By obstructing the air circulation, heat convection, as occurs in a free air gap, can be largely avoided. Since heat convection is the main component in the transfer of heat - other heat transfer effects are heat conduction and heat radiation - the insulation effect improves considerably. An optimum in avoiding heat convection is achieved if the height of the chambers formed by the spacers is in a certain, constant ratio to the thickness of the insulating layer. The constant depends primarily on the material properties of the inner lining.

Wenn die Abstandshalter mit der aus feuerfesten Platten bestehenden Innenauskleidung eine Einheit bilden, kann der Außenmantel eine konturenfreie, glatte Oberfläche besitzen und somit den optischen Gesamteindruck des Verbrennungsschachtes verbessern.If the spacers form a unit with the inner lining made of refractory panels, the outer jacket can have a contour-free, smooth surface and thus improve the overall visual impression of the combustion shaft.

Die in aufsteigender Richtung divergierende Wände verhindern ein direktes Anströmen heißer Verbrennungsgase an die feuerfesten Platten.The walls diverging in the ascending direction prevent hot combustion gases from flowing directly to the refractory panels.

In Figur 1 ist ein Schnitt durch eine Wand eines nur zur Hälfte gezeichneten Verbrennungsschachts gezeigt. Die Figuren 2 bis 4 zeigen Varianten der durch Abstandshalter gebildeten Kammern in Draufsicht und Figur 5 eine Variante zu Figur 1.FIG. 1 shows a section through a wall of a combustion shaft only half drawn. FIGS. 2 to 4 show variants of the chambers formed by spacers in plan view and FIG. 5 shows a variant of FIG. 1.

Der in Figur 1 zur Hälfte gezeigte Verbrennungsschacht 10 besteht aus einem Innenraum 12 und einer Wand 14, die den Innenraum 12 von der äußeren Atmosphäre 16 trennt. Die Wand 14 besteht aus einem metallischen Außenmantel 18 aus feueraluminiertem Stahlblech und einer feuerfesten Innenauskleidung 20. Zur Befestigung der Innenauskleidung 20 sind am Außenmantel 18 am oberen und unteren Ende Winkel 22 so angeformt, daß zwischen den äußeren Schenkeln 24 der Winkel 22 und dem Außenmantel 18 Halteschienen gebildet sind. Mittels diesen Halteschienen ist die Innenauskleidung 20 am Außenmantel 18 durch einfaches Einschieben einzelner Platten befestigbar.The combustion shaft 10 shown in half in FIG. 1 consists of an interior 12 and a wall 14 which separates the interior 12 from the external atmosphere 16. The wall 14 consists of a metallic outer jacket 18 made of fire-aluminized steel sheet and a fire-resistant inner lining 20. For fastening the inner lining 20, angles 22 are formed on the outer jacket 18 at the upper and lower ends so that the angle 22 and the outer jacket 18 between the outer legs 24 Holding rails are formed. The inner lining 20 can be fastened to the outer jacket 18 by simply inserting individual plates by means of these holding rails.

Die Platten der Innenauskleidung 20, die einerseits feuerbeständig sein müssen, andererseits gut wärmeisolierend sein sollen, bestehen aus einem Gemisch aus gepreßtem Aluminiumoxid und Siliziumoxid. Diese gepreßten Platten sind an den vier Wänden des Verbrennungsschachtes 10 angebracht, kleiden den Innenraum 12 vollständig aus und divergieren in aufsteigender Richtung.The plates of the inner lining 20, which on the one hand have to be fire-resistant and on the other hand have to be heat-insulating, consist of a mixture of pressed aluminum oxide and silicon oxide. These pressed plates are attached to the four walls of the combustion shaft 10, completely line the interior 12 and diverge in the ascending direction.

An der zum Außenmantel 18 zeigenden Seite der Innenauskleidung 20 sind Aussparungen 30 vorgesehen, die sich regelmäßig über die Oberfläche der Innenauskleidung 20 verteilen. Mittels der zwischen den Aussparungen 30 verbleibenden Stege 32 stützt sich die Innenauskleidung 20 am Außenmantel 18 ab. Diese Stege 32 bilden somit Abstandshalter zwischen einer scheinbar dünnen Platte 34 und dem Außenmantel 18. Die resultierende Dicke der Innenauskleidung 20, die der effektiven Dicke der dünnen Platte 34 entspricht, setzt sich zusammen aus der Dicke d der Innenauskleidung 20 minus der Tiefe der Aussparungen 30. Die Höhe h der Aussparungen 30 und die Dicke d der Innenauskleidung 20 sind so gewählt, daß das Verhältnis zwischen der Höhe h und der Dicke d konstant ist. In diese Konstante k fließen die Materialkonstanten der Innenauskleidung 20 ein sowie die vorherrschenden Temperaturunterschiede zwischen Innenraum 12 und äußerer Atmosphäre 16.Recesses 30 are provided on the side of the inner lining 20 facing the outer jacket 18, which are regularly distributed over the surface of the inner lining 20. The inner lining 20 is supported on the outer jacket 18 by means of the webs 32 remaining between the cutouts 30. These webs 32 thus form spacers between an apparently thin plate 34 and the outer jacket 18. The resulting thickness of the inner lining 20, which corresponds to the effective thickness of the thin plate 34, is composed of the thickness d of the inner lining 20 minus the depth of the recesses 30 The height h of the recesses 30 and the thickness d of the inner lining 20 are chosen so that the ratio between the height h and the thickness d is constant. The material constants of the inner lining 20 and the prevailing temperature differences between the inner space 12 and the outer atmosphere 16 flow into this constant k.

Die Anordnung der Aussparungen 30 ist so gewählt, daß die verbleibenden Abstandshalter 32 eine Luftzirkulation in senkrechter Richtung zwischen der dünnen Platte 34 und dem Außenmantel 18 verhindern. Diese Luftzirkulation wird dann optimal behindert, wenn die Konstante k in einem Bereich zwischen 1,5 und 2,5, vorzugsweise bei 2 liegt. Mit der Behinderung der Luftzirkulation, wird gleichzeitig die Wärmekonvektion behindert bzw. unterbunden. Dadurch ist der physikalische Mechanismus der Wärmeübertragung gestört, der üblicherweise die größten Wärmemengen transportiert.The arrangement of the recesses 30 is chosen so that the remaining spacers 32 prevent air circulation in the vertical direction between the thin plate 34 and the outer jacket 18. This air circulation is optimally impeded when the constant k is in a range between 1.5 and 2.5, preferably 2. With the obstruction of the air circulation, the heat convection is hindered or prevented at the same time. This disrupts the physical mechanism of heat transfer, which usually transports the largest amounts of heat.

In Seitenansicht können die Aussparungen 30 eckiges oder rundes Profil besitzen. Die Höhe h entspricht dabei jeweils der maximalen senkrechten Erstreckung der Aussparungen 30. In Draufsicht können die Aussparungen ebenfalls eckig (Figur 2) oder rund (Figur 3) sein oder sich über die gesamte Breite der Innenauskleidung 20 erstrecken (Figur 4). Auch hier entspricht die Höhe h der maximalen senkrechten Erstreckung der Aussparung 30.In the side view, the recesses 30 can have a square or round profile. The height h corresponds in each case to the maximum vertical extent of the cutouts 30. In plan view, the cutouts can also be angular (FIG. 2) or round (FIG. 3) or extend over the entire width of the inner lining 20 (FIG. 4). Here too, the height h corresponds to the maximum vertical extent of the cutout 30.

Claims (10)

  1. Water heater having a gas or oil burner and a combustion chamber (10) disposed above the burner, which water heater exhibits a metallic outer casing (18) and a fireproof inner lining (20), characterized in that the inner lining (20) exhibits, on the side facing the outer casing (18), recesses (30) with intermediate crosspieces (32), which crosspieces form convection-inhibiting spacers (32) to the outer casing (18).
  2. Water heater according to Claim 1, characterized in that the inner lining (20) is formed from heat-insulating material.
  3. Water heater according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spacers (32) are formed by the edges of separate recesses (30) made in the inner lining (20).
  4. Water heater according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spacers (32) largely prevent the circulation of air in the vertical direction.
  5. Water heater according to Claim 4, characterized in that, in side view, the recesses (30) possess an angular, in particular rectangular, or round profile.
  6. Water heater according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the height (h) of the recesses (30) and the thickness (d) of the inner lining (20) relate to each other in the relationship h = k d,
    Figure imgb0002
     where 1.5 ≦ k ≦ 2.5, preferably k = 2.
  7. Water heater according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the inner lining (20) consists of fireproof plates (34) and the spacers (32) form a single unit with these plates (34).
  8. Water heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner lining (20) is fastened to the outer casing (18) by means of holding plates (22).
  9. Water heater according to at least one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least the inner lining (20) diverges in the ascending direction.
  10. Water heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer casing (18) consists of high-polish, hot-dip aluminized steel plating.
EP91111290A 1990-08-11 1991-07-06 Water heater Expired - Lifetime EP0475007B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4025583A DE4025583A1 (en) 1990-08-11 1990-08-11 Water heater with gas or oil burner
DE4025583 1990-08-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0475007A1 EP0475007A1 (en) 1992-03-18
EP0475007B1 true EP0475007B1 (en) 1994-04-27

Family

ID=6412132

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91111290A Expired - Lifetime EP0475007B1 (en) 1990-08-11 1991-07-06 Water heater

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0475007B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4025583A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2053243T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19748260A1 (en) * 1997-10-31 1999-08-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Combustion chamber, especially for gas water heaters and gas heater burners
DE19801264A1 (en) * 1998-01-15 1999-04-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Combustion chamber for gas thermal source

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2505765A1 (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Gas or oil burner fired water heating device - has lamellar heat exchanger block with through flow tubes mounted on frame
DE2716437A1 (en) * 1977-04-14 1978-10-19 Semperit Gmbh Lagging or jacket for hot-water tank or pipes - made of multipart plastics mantle with directly foamed-on coating, pref. of polyurethane
FR2461199A1 (en) * 1979-07-13 1981-01-30 Leblanc Sa E L M IMPROVEMENTS ON COMBUSTION CHAMBERS OF GAS HEATED APPLIANCES

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4025583A1 (en) 1992-02-13
EP0475007A1 (en) 1992-03-18
ES2053243T3 (en) 1994-07-16
DE59101491D1 (en) 1994-06-01

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