EP0473622B1 - Granular, phosphate-free additive for detergents, containing non-ionic tensides - Google Patents

Granular, phosphate-free additive for detergents, containing non-ionic tensides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0473622B1
EP0473622B1 EP90906974A EP90906974A EP0473622B1 EP 0473622 B1 EP0473622 B1 EP 0473622B1 EP 90906974 A EP90906974 A EP 90906974A EP 90906974 A EP90906974 A EP 90906974A EP 0473622 B1 EP0473622 B1 EP 0473622B1
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EP
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weight
component
granular
detergent additive
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0473622A1 (en
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Franz Hundgeburt
Dieter Jung
Fred Schambil
Günther VOGT
Gerti Nienhaus
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/12Water-insoluble compounds
    • C11D3/124Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
    • C11D3/1246Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
    • C11D3/128Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3942Inorganic per-compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a granular detergent additive, consisting of two granular powder components of a defined composition, on which liquid, semi-solid or solid nonionic surfactants are adsorbed. Both powder components have a porous structure and can absorb up to 30% by weight, based on the additive, of such nonionic surfactants without the free-flowing properties suffering.
  • nonionic surfactants have a very high cleaning power, which makes them particularly suitable for use in low-temperature detergents.
  • their proportion cannot be increased significantly beyond 8 to 10 percent by weight in the generally customary production of detergents by spray drying, since this would otherwise result in excessive smoke formation in the exhaust air from the spray towers and inadequate pouring properties of the spray powder. Processes have therefore been developed in which the liquid or melted nonionic surfactant is mixed onto the previously spray-dried powder or sprayed onto a carrier substance.
  • water-soluble builder salts in particular spray-dried phosphates, carbonates, bicarbonates, soluble silicates and borates, and water-insoluble substances, such as sodium aluminosilicate (zeolite), were used as the carrier substance.
  • silicon dioxide (Aerosil®) have been proposed, however, the known agents often have only a limited adsorption capacity and certain disadvantages in application technology.
  • phosphates are often undesirable because of their eutrophic properties.
  • Fine powdered zeolites also have only a limited absorption capacity for liquid substances, while special adsorbents such as diatomaceous earth and Aerosil®, as inert components, do not contribute to the washing effect.
  • DE-A-24 18 294 discloses detergents which consist of a powder component obtained by hot spray drying and granular sodium perborate tetrahydrate, the latter being impregnated with a defined mixture of nonionic surfactants. Due to the selection of non-ionic surfactants, the granulate is dust-free and free-flowing. According to EP-A 34 194, the perborate tetrahydrate is treated with nonionic surfactants which contain both ethylene glycol ether groups and propylene glycol ether groups. In addition to good flowability, the granules are particularly characterized by being odorless.
  • DE-B 25 07 926 contains examples of the preparation of premixes, powder mixtures of aluminosilicate (zeolite), perborate and optionally also a bleach activator being sprayed with nonionic surfactants.
  • the resulting granules are then mixed with other powder components, in particular tower spray powder.
  • a certain stickiness of the granules disturbs, which can also be transferred to the overall mixture, especially if the admixed tower spray powder contains no phosphates.
  • EP-A 168 102 discloses a process for the production of high-density detergents in which nonionic surfactants are sprayed onto a powder mixture of sodium perborate monohydrate, zeolite and other builder salts. In this spray mixing process, granulation of the base powder occurs at the same time. Another part of the total nonionic surfactants used is sprayed onto a second powder component, which is free of sodium sulfate and consists of a spray-dried granulate, which contains the usual surfactants, builder salts and other detergent components. Both the perborate-containing base powder and the spray-dried powder component contain considerable amounts of sodium tripolyphosphate in the compositions according to the examples.
  • absorbent carrier grains which consist of several components and are usually produced by spray drying. Examples of these are the agents according to US-A-3 849 327, US-A-3 886 098 and US-A-3 838 027 and US-A-4 269 722 (DE-A-27 42 683).
  • these carrier grains developed especially for the adsorption of nonionic surfactants, contain considerable amounts of phosphates, which limits their possible uses.
  • Phosphate-free carrier grains are known from DE-A 32 06 265 (GB-A-20 97 419) and DE-A 32 06 379 (GB-A-20 95 274). They consist essentially of sodium carbonate or hydrogen carbonate, zeolite, sodium silicate, bentonite and polyacrylate. The high proportion of carbonates, however, favors the formation of calcium carbonate in hard water, while the sodium silicate in connection with zeolite considerably deteriorates the dispersibility of the grains in water.
  • EP-A 184 794 discloses a granular adsorbent which is able to absorb high proportions of liquid to pasty detergent constituents, in particular nonionic surfactants, and (based on anhydrous substance) from 60 to 80% by weight of zeolite, 1 to 8% by weight of sodium silicate, 3 to 15% by weight of homo- or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and / or maleic acid, 8 to 18% by weight of water and optionally up to 5% by weight of nonionic Contains surfactants and can be obtained by spray drying. In practice it has been shown that in washing machines with poorly designed induction devices, the products do not completely detach during the induction phase and leave residues.
  • the granular components (A) and (B) as well as the finished agent have in the interest of good flowability and one an average grain size of 0.2 to 1.2 mm, preferably of 0.3 to 1 mm.
  • the proportion of particles in the composite with a grain size below 0.05 mm is less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.1% by weight
  • the proportion with a grain size below 0.1 mm is less than 2% by weight .-%, preferably less than 1 wt .-%
  • the proportion with a grain size over 1.2 mm less than 10% by weight preferably less than 5% by weight.
  • Both components can have the same or a different grain size within the specified limits. Mixing and treating them together with nonionic surfactants can result in a slight agglomeration of the particles, in particular in the connection of finely divided components to larger grains, and thus overall a slight increase in the average grain size.
  • the proportion of sodium perborate monohydrate (component A) is 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 20 to 60% by weight and in particular 30 to 50% by weight.
  • the proportion of component (B) is 25 to 80% by weight, preferably 35 to 70% by weight and in particular 40 to 60% by weight.
  • the proportion of the nonionic component (C) is 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 7 to 20% by weight and in particular 10 to 15% by weight.
  • the perborate monohydrate is preferably used as loose, expanded pellets with a liter weight of 450 to 650 g / l, preferably 500 to 600 g / l.
  • Such grains are characterized by a good adsorption capacity for liquid to lard-like nonionic surfactants. Loading the grains with the nonionic surfactants generally increases the bulk density another 50 to 200 units, which is in the interest of a higher total bulk weight and a saving in packaging and transport volume.
  • Component (B) likewise preferably consists of a granular, porous material, as can be obtained by spray drying aqueous slurries of water-insoluble or water-soluble salts or salt mixtures. It contains synthetic zeolite of the NaA type in proportions of 45 to 75, preferably 50 to 70% by weight and in particular 55 to 68% by weight (based on the anhydrous substance). Mixtures of zeolite NaA and NaX can also be used, the proportion of the zeolite NaX in such mixtures advantageously being less than 30%, in particular less than 20%. Suitable zeolites have no particles larger than 30 »m and consist at least 80% of particles smaller than 10» m.
  • Their average particle size (volume distribution, measurement method: Coulter Counter) is in the range from 1 to 10 »m.
  • the zeolites can still contain excess alkali from their production.
  • Their water content of synthetic zeolites is usually 18 to 22% by weight.
  • component (B) Another advantageous component of component (B) is sodium sulfate, which is calculated as an anhydrous substance and is present in proportions of 0 to 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 25 and in particular 3 to 20% by weight.
  • the sodium sulfate contributes to a considerable improvement in the grain structure of component (B) and the washing-in behavior of the detergent additive and at the same time increases its bulk density, which results in the possibility of saving packaging and transport volume.
  • Another inorganic salt that can be combined with the zeolite is sodium carbonate, which can be present in proportions of up to 20% by weight, based on component (B). With regard to the flushing-in behavior, however, such mixtures are inferior to the mixtures of zeolite and sodium sulfate.
  • component (B) in inorganic salts including zeolite should be at least 75% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight (based on component B).
  • component (B) contains organic salts which are of particular advantage for the grain structure, the grain stability and in particular for the washing-in behavior of the granules and their mixtures with other detergent constituents.
  • organic salts which are contained in component (B) include the sodium or potassium salts, preferably the sodium salts of homopolymeric and / or copolymeric carboxylic acids.
  • Suitable homopolymers are polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid and polymaleic acid, with polyacrylic acid being preferred.
  • Suitable copolymers are those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or maleic acid with vinyl ethers, such as vinyl methyl ether or vinyl ethyl ether.
  • the proportion thereof, in the interest of sufficient water solubility is not more than 50 mole percent, preferably less than 30 mole percent.
  • Copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid as are described in more detail, for example, in EP 25 551-B1, have proven particularly suitable. These are copolymers which contain 40 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and 60 to 10% by weight of maleic acid. Such copolymers are particularly preferred, in which 45 to 85 percent by weight acrylic acid and 55 to 15 percent by weight maleic acid are present.
  • the molecular weight of the homopolymers or copolymers is generally 2,000 to 150,000, preferably 5,000 to 100,000.
  • Their proportion in component (B) is, for example, 1 to 12% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 8% by weight. -% and in particular 2 to 5 wt .-%, calculated as the sodium salt.
  • the resistance of the grains to abrasion increases with an increasing proportion of polyacid or its salts. With a proportion from 1.5% by weight, sufficient abrasion resistance is achieved in many cases. Mixtures with 2 to 5% by weight of sodium salt of polyacid have optimal abrasion properties.
  • An optional, advantageous component of component (B), which in particular significantly improves the washing-up behavior in the washing machine, consists of a water-soluble soap, preferably a sodium soap, which is derived from saturated fatty acids having 10 to 24, preferably 12 to 22, carbon atoms, and derives their mixtures with oleic acid, the proportion of saturated fatty acids should be at least 50 wt .-%, preferably at least 75 wt .-%. Examples are soaps made from coconut, tallow and hardened rapeseed oil fatty acids, hardened fish oil fatty acids and mixtures thereof. Their proportion is 0 to 6, preferably 1 to 5 and in particular 2 to 4% by weight, based on component (B).
  • a well-usable granular component (B) contains (calculated as anhydrous components) 45 to 75% by weight, preferably 50 to 70% by weight, zeolite, 0 to 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight, sodium sulfate, 1 to 12% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 8% by weight, polymer salt, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight of soap.
  • the zeolite in those cases in which the zeolite is used in the production of the granular component (B) not in powder or spray-dried form, but rather as a moist filter cake, it can contain dispersion stabilizers, as is the case in DE-A-25 27 388 are described in more detail. Suitable stabilizers are in particular nonionic surfactants with HLB values below 12, such as ethoxylated tallow alcohol with 3 to 8 EO. The proportion of these additives in the powder component (B) can, depending on the zeolite content, be up to 4% by weight, usually 0.3 to 3% by weight. In the final balance, this portion of component (C) is added.
  • the difference of up to 100% by weight is due to water, which is present in bound form and as moisture, the major amount being bound to the zeolite.
  • a proportion of the water which is about 8 to 18 wt .-% (based on the agent) can be removed at a drying temperature of 145 ° C.
  • Another portion which is between 4 and 8% by weight, depending on the zeolite portion, is released at the annealing temperature (800 ° C.) and corresponds to the water stored in the crystal lattice of the zeolite.
  • the average grain size of component (B) is 0.2 to 1.2 mm, the proportion of the grains below 0.05 mm less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.5% by weight and above 2 mm should not be more than 5% by weight.
  • at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of the grains have a size of 0.1 to 1.2 mm, the proportion of the grains being between 0.1 and 0.05 mm, preferably not more than 3% by weight, in particular less than 1% by weight, the proportion of the grains between 0.1 and 0.2 mm less than 20% by weight, in particular less than 10% by weight and the proportion of the grains between 1 , 2 and 2 mm is not more than 10% by weight, in particular not more than 5% by weight.
  • the bulk density of component (B) in the preferred embodiment is 400 to 680 g / l, preferably 450 to 650 g / l.
  • the adsorption of the non-ionic surfactants also increases it by 50 to 200 g / l.
  • the nonionic surfactants adsorbed on the mixture of components (A) and (B) are those which are usually used in washing and cleaning agents.
  • Other suitable additives are organic solvents, with which the cleaning ability of detergents and cleaning agents is improved, in particular with regard to greasy soiling, and which can be incorporated into a granular cleaning agent without problems in this way.
  • other substances such as fragrances, finishing agents, optical brighteners and anionic or cationic surfactants, can also be mixed into the mixture of components (A) and (B) after prior dissolution or dispersion in organic solvents or the liquid or molten nonionic surfactants. These substances penetrate into the porous grains together with the solvent or dispersant and are thus protected against interactions with other powder components.
  • Preferred detergent ingredients which are bound to the granular mixture and together with it as a free-flowing mixture are liquid to pasty nonionic surfactants from the class of polyglycol ethers, derived from alcohols with 10 to 22, in particular 12 to 18, carbon atoms. These alcohols can be saturated or olefinically unsaturated, linear or methyl-branched in the 2-position (oxo radical).
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • PO propylene oxide
  • the number of EO or PO groups corresponds to the statistical mean for technical alkoxylates.
  • ethoxylated fatty alcohols examples include C12 ⁇ 18 coconut alcohols with 3 to 12 EO, C16 ⁇ 18 tallow alcohol with 4 to 16 EO, oleyl alcohol with 4 to 12 EO and ethoxylation products of corresponding chain and EO distribution available from other native fatty alcohol mixtures. From the series of ethoxylated oxo alcohols, for example those of the composition C12 ⁇ 1 ⁇ + 3 to 10 EO and C14-C15 + 3 to 12 EO are suitable.
  • Mixtures of low and highly ethoxylated alcohols are distinguished by an increased detergency against both greasy and mineral soiling, for example those made from tallow alcohol + 3 to 6 EO and tallow alcohol + 12 to 16 EO or C13 ⁇ 15 oxo alcohol + 3 to 5 EO and C12 ⁇ 14-oxo alcohol + 8 to 12 EO.
  • Agents in which the adsorbed nonionic surfactants have both long hydrophobic residues and higher degrees of ethoxylation have particularly favorable flushing properties.
  • component (B) in the preferred embodiment is based on an aqueous batch containing a total of 40 to 55% by weight of water-free ingredients, which is sprayed into a falling space by means of nozzles and by means of drying gases which have an inlet temperature of 150 up to 280 ° C and have an outlet temperature of 50 to 120 ° C, is dried to a removable moisture content of 145 ° C of 8 to 18 wt .-%.
  • the aqueous batch can be prepared by mixing the dry or water-containing constituents with the addition of the water required for liquefaction.
  • the soap or the salts of the polymeric carboxylic acids can also be incorporated and the alkali required for salt formation can be added separately.
  • alkali hydroxide in particular NaOH
  • NaOH is also recommended in order to make the aqueous zeolite suspension or the slurry alkaline, i.e. adjust to a pH of at least 8 and provide a sufficient alkali excess so that the pH does not drop to less than 8 during spray drying.
  • Such a pH reduction which would lead to a loss of activity of the zeolite, can be caused by CO2 in the dry gas.
  • the addition of NaOH which ensures a sufficient alkali reserve, can be, for example, up to 3% by weight. In general, 0.2 to 1% by weight is sufficient.
  • the content of water-free ingredients in the aqueous mixture is preferably 43 to 50% by weight. Its temperature is advantageously 50 to 100 ° C and its viscosity 2,000 to 20,000 mPa ⁇ s, usually 8,000 to 14,000 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the atomization pressure is usually 20 to 120 bar, preferably 30 to 80 bar.
  • the drying gas which is generally obtained by burning heating gas or heating oil, is preferably conducted in countercurrent.
  • the inlet temperature measured in the ring channel, is (ie immediately before entering the lower part of the tower) 150 to 280 ° C, preferably 170 to 250 ° C.
  • the exhaust gas laden with moisture leaving the tower usually has a temperature of 50 to 130 ° C., preferably 55 to 115 ° C.
  • the spray drying is conducted so that the particle size of the spray product has the distribution given above.
  • Existing fine and coarse grains are screened before further processing. It has been shown that the flushing behavior of the adsorbent impregnated with nonionic surfactants deteriorates with increasing proportion of fine grain.
  • Both powder components are combined to form a homogeneous mixture and then treated with liquid or nonionic surfactants or surfactant mixtures liquefied by heating.
  • the nonionic surfactant is expediently sprayed onto the agitated mixture. Heating the nonionic surfactant to temperatures between 35 and 60 ° C, preferably 40 to 50 ° C, accelerates the adsorption process.
  • the abrasion resistance and constancy of shape of the grains is so high if the specified proportions or manufacturing conditions are observed that even the freshly prepared, but especially the cooled and, if necessary, reheated, matured grains can be treated, mixed and conveyed with the liquid additives under the usual spray mixing conditions without the formation of fine fractions or coarser agglomerates. There is also no risk of spontaneous combustion during processing and storage when using the mixtures according to the invention.
  • the mixing of the two granular components and the subsequent spraying with nonionic surfactants can be done in the usual way mechanical mixing devices, such as drum mixers, fluidized bed mixers or spray mixers, are carried out continuously or discontinuously.
  • the mixing and spraying process can also be carried out with continuous operation of a single mixing apparatus, the two powder components being combined in a first mixing section and the nonionic component being added in a final mixing section.
  • a particular advantage of the invention can be seen in the fact that the adsorption of the liquid nonionic surfactants and their diffusion into the interior of the grain takes place comparatively quickly. Shortly after leaving the mixing apparatus, the grain mixtures are fully free-flowing and can be processed without intermediate storage or time-consuming post-ripening processes.
  • Suitable powdering agents have a grain size of 0.001 to at most 0.1 mm, preferably less than 0.05 mm and can be present in proportions of 0.03 to 3, preferably 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on that with the additive loaded adsorbents are used.
  • finely powdered zeolites for example, finely powdered zeolites, silica airgel (Aerosil (R) ), colorless or colored pigments, such as titanium dioxide, and other powder materials already proposed for powdering granules or detergent particles, such as finely powdered sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium sulfate, magnesium silicate and carboxylmethyl cellulose.
  • such treatment is generally not necessary, especially since the ability to be washed in is not improved thereby.
  • the granular adsorbents impregnated with the nonionic surfactants or with the mixtures of nonionic surfactant and additive can be mixed with further powdery to granular detergents or detergent components, such as are obtainable for example by spray drying or granulation, or with bleaching agents or with bleaching agents containing a known composition be mixed in any ratio.
  • granular detergents or detergent components such as are obtainable for example by spray drying or granulation
  • bleaching agents or with bleaching agents containing a known composition be mixed in any ratio.
  • their good flowability and their high grain stability are of great advantage, since an undesirable formation of abrasion and dust is avoided.
  • the powder mixtures are in turn stable in storage and do not tend to clump or exude the nonionic surfactant. When used, they are particularly easy to flush in compared to known agents.
  • the admixed spray powders and granules can also contain sodium sulfate, which is often advantageous for their grain properties, especially in the absence of phosphates. These admixed detergent components are therefore preferably also phosphate-free.
  • the absorbency of the granulate mixture according to the invention for nonionic surfactants is so high that an additional application of these surfactants to other mixture components is unnecessary.
  • the bulk weight was 563 g / l.
  • Dry sea sand with the following grain spectrum was chosen as the reference substance: mm over 1.5 to 0.8 to 0.4 up to 0.2 to 0.1 % By weight 0.2 11.9 54.7 30.1 3.1
  • the run-out time of the dry sand after opening the outflow opening was set at 100%.
  • the free-flowing properties of the products according to the invention are given in%, based on this 100% value. Values above 75% are considered very good.
  • test series were carried out, namely (I) with the detergent additive without the addition of a detergent and (II) a mixture of 25 parts of the detergent additive and 75 parts of a detergent, consisting of 50 parts of tower spray powder and 25 parts of other granular constituents, containing defoamers, Enzymes, fragrances and bleach activators.
  • the tower spray powder had the following composition (in% by weight): 17.6% n-dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Na salt) 2.5% tallow soap (Na salt) 4.0% tallow alcohol + 14 EO 20.5% zeolite NaA (calculated anhydrous) 15.0% soda 5.0% copolymer (b) 0.5% Na hydroxyethane disphosphonate 3.0% sodium silicate 1: 3.3 1.6% carboxymethyl cellulose 18.0% sodium sulfate 12.3% water
  • the trickle test gave a value of 79%, based on dry sand for the detergent additive (I) and 81% for the completed detergent mixture (II).
  • the wash-in grades were B2 for the detergent additive (I) and A8 for the completed detergent mixture (II).
  • a base powder was used, consisting of (specified in parts by weight): 8.5 T sodium perborate monohydrate 2.24 T sodium sulfate (anhydrous) 10.0 T zeolite (20% water content)
  • the zeolite was in powder form and corresponded to the product HAB 40 according to the information in EP-A 168 102.
  • the above recipe differs from example 1 in that the tripolyphosphate (7 T) has been replaced by zeolite.

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Abstract

A granular, phosphate-free additive for detergents consists of (A) 10 to 70 wt.% of sodium perborate monohydrate, (B) 25 to 80 wt.% of a granular mixture of salts and (C) 5 to 30 wt.% of non-ionic tensides. Component (B) is a spray-dried, absorbent granulate containing 45 to 75 wt.% (calculated on the anhydrous basis) of fine crystalline zeolite, 0 to 30 wt.% of sodium sulphate, 1 to 12 wt.% of salts of (co)polymer carboxylic acids as well as bound water. In addition, (C) may contain traces of a water-soluble soap; the total content of inorganic compounds in (C) is at least 75 wt.%.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein granulares Waschmitteladditiv, bestehend aus zwei granularen Pulverkomponenten definierter Zusammensetzung, an denen flüssige, halbfeste oder feste nichtionische Tenside adsorbiert sind. Beide Pulverkomponenten weisen eine poröse Struktur auf und können gemeinsam bis zu 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Additiv, an derartigen nichtionischen Tensiden aufnehmen, ohne daß die Rieselfähigkeit darunter leidet.The invention relates to a granular detergent additive, consisting of two granular powder components of a defined composition, on which liquid, semi-solid or solid nonionic surfactants are adsorbed. Both powder components have a porous structure and can absorb up to 30% by weight, based on the additive, of such nonionic surfactants without the free-flowing properties suffering.

Nichtionische Tenside besitzen bekanntlich ein sehr hohes Reinigungsvermögen, was sie insbesondere zur Verwendung in Niedrigtemperatur-Waschmitteln geeignet macht. Ihr Anteil läßt sich bei der allgemein üblichen Waschmittelherstellung mittels Sprühtrocknung jedoch nicht wesentlich über 8 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent hinaus steigern, da es sonst zu einer übermäßigen Rauchbildung in der Abluft der Sprühtürme sowie mangelhaften Rieseleigenschaften des Sprühpulvers kommt. Es wurden daher Verfahren entwickelt, bei denen das flüssige bzw. geschmolzene nichtionische Tensid auf das zuvor sprühgetrocknete Pulver aufgemischt bzw. auf eine Trägersubstanz aufgesprüht wird. Als Trägersubstanz wurden sowohl wasserlösliche Buildersalze, insbesondere sprühgetrocknete Phosphate, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, lösliche Silikate und Borate als auch wasserunlösliche Stoffe, wie Natriumalumosilikat (Zeolith) und Siliciumdioxid (Aerosil®) vorgeschlagen, jedoch weisen die bekannten Mittel vielfach nur ein beschränktes Adsorptionsvermögen sowie gewisse anwendungstechnische Nachteile auf. Phosphate sind darüber hinaus wegen ihrer eutrophierenden Eigenschaften vielfach unerwünscht. Feinpulvrige Zeolithe besitzen ebenfalls nur ein beschränktes Aufnahmevermögen für flüssige Stoffe, während spezielle Adsorptionsmittel, wie Kieselgur und Aerosil®, als inerte Bestandteile keinen Beitrag zur Waschwirkung liefern.As is known, nonionic surfactants have a very high cleaning power, which makes them particularly suitable for use in low-temperature detergents. However, their proportion cannot be increased significantly beyond 8 to 10 percent by weight in the generally customary production of detergents by spray drying, since this would otherwise result in excessive smoke formation in the exhaust air from the spray towers and inadequate pouring properties of the spray powder. Processes have therefore been developed in which the liquid or melted nonionic surfactant is mixed onto the previously spray-dried powder or sprayed onto a carrier substance. Both water-soluble builder salts, in particular spray-dried phosphates, carbonates, bicarbonates, soluble silicates and borates, and water-insoluble substances, such as sodium aluminosilicate (zeolite), were used as the carrier substance. and silicon dioxide (Aerosil®) have been proposed, however, the known agents often have only a limited adsorption capacity and certain disadvantages in application technology. In addition, phosphates are often undesirable because of their eutrophic properties. Fine powdered zeolites also have only a limited absorption capacity for liquid substances, while special adsorbents such as diatomaceous earth and Aerosil®, as inert components, do not contribute to the washing effect.

Aus DE-A-24 18 294 sind Waschmittel bekannt, die aus einer durch Heißsprühtrocknung erhaltenen Pulverkomponente und körnigem Natriumperborat-tetrahydrat bestehen, wobei letzteres mit einem definierten Gemisch nichtionischer Tenside imprägniert ist. Aufgrund der getroffenen Auswahl an nichtionischen Tensiden ist das Granulat staubfrei und gut rieselfähig. Gemäß EP-A 34 194 wird das Perborat-tetrahydrat mit nichtionischen Tensiden behandelt, die sowohl Ethylenglykolethergruppen wie auch Propylenglykolethergruppen enthalten. Die Granulate zeichnen sich außer durch gute Rieselfähigkeit insbesondere durch Geruchsfreiheit aus.DE-A-24 18 294 discloses detergents which consist of a powder component obtained by hot spray drying and granular sodium perborate tetrahydrate, the latter being impregnated with a defined mixture of nonionic surfactants. Due to the selection of non-ionic surfactants, the granulate is dust-free and free-flowing. According to EP-A 34 194, the perborate tetrahydrate is treated with nonionic surfactants which contain both ethylene glycol ether groups and propylene glycol ether groups. In addition to good flowability, the granules are particularly characterized by being odorless.

In DE-B 25 07 926 finden sich Beispiele über die Herstellung von Vorgemischen, wobei Pulvergemische aus Alumosilikat (Zeolith), Perborat und gegebenenfalls auch einem Bleichaktivator mit nichtionischen Tensiden besprüht werden. Die entstehenden Granulate werden anschließend mit weiteren Pulverkomponenten, insbesondere Turmsprühpulver vermischt. Hierbei stört eine gewisse Klebrigkeit der Granulate, die sich auch auf das Gesamtgemisch übertragen kann, insbesondere wenn das zugemischte Turmsprühpulver keine Phosphate enthält.DE-B 25 07 926 contains examples of the preparation of premixes, powder mixtures of aluminosilicate (zeolite), perborate and optionally also a bleach activator being sprayed with nonionic surfactants. The resulting granules are then mixed with other powder components, in particular tower spray powder. Here, a certain stickiness of the granules disturbs, which can also be transferred to the overall mixture, especially if the admixed tower spray powder contains no phosphates.

Versucht man, in diesen Granulaten das Natriumperborat-tetrahydrat durch Natriumperborat-monohydrat zu ersetzen, das sich bekanntlich durch eine bessere Löslichkeit in kaltem Wasser auszeichnet und daher im Niedrigtemperatur-Waschbereich Vorteile besitzt, so ergeben sich zusätzliche Schwierigkeiten. Ab einer gewissen kritischen Menge an adsorbiertem nichtionischen Tensid wird der Zündbereich des Gemisches so weit herabgesetzt, daß es unter ungünstigen Bedingungen zur Selbstentzündung der Gemische bereits bei Raumtemperatur kommen kann.If one tries to replace the sodium perborate tetrahydrate in these granules with sodium perborate monohydrate, which is known to have better solubility in cold water and therefore has advantages in the low-temperature washing range, additional difficulties arise. Above a certain critical amount of adsorbed nonionic surfactant, the ignition range of the mixture is reduced to such an extent that, under unfavorable conditions, the mixtures can self-ignite even at room temperature.

Aus EP-A 168 102 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Waschmitteln hoher Dichte bekannt, bei dem nichtionische Tenside auf ein Pulvergemisch aus Natriumperborat-monohydrat, Zeolith und weiteren Buildersalzen aufgesprüht werden. Bei diesem Sprühmischverfahren tritt gleichzeitig eine Granulierung des Basispulvers ein. Ein weiterer Teil der insgesamt eingesetzten nichtionischen Tenside wird auf eine zweite Pulverkomponente aufgesprüht, die frei von Natriumsulfat ist und aus einem sprühgetrockneten Granulat besteht, das übliche Tenside, Buildersalze und sonstige Waschmittelbestandteile enthält. Sowohl das perborathaltige Basispulver als auch die sprühgetrocknete Pulverkomponente enthalten in den Mitteln gemäß Beispiele erhebliche Mengen an Natriumtripolyphosphat. Wie bereits ausgeführt, führt ein solches Basispulver aus Perborat und pulverförmigem Zeolith, insbesondere wenn es frei von Tripolyphosphat ist, nach dem Aufbringen größerer Anteile an nichtionischen Tensiden zur Bildung klebriger, schlecht rieselfähiger Granulate. Um trotzdem größere Mengen an diesen Tensiden einarbeiten zu können, wird vorgeschlagen, nicht nur das Basispulver, sondern auch das Sprühtrocknungsprodukt in einer Sprühmischanlage in gleicher Weise zu behandeln. Dieses Verfahren ist daher vergleichsweise umständlich, da ein sehr viel größerer Produktstrom durch die Sprühmischanlage geführt werden muß. Das Problem der Selbstentzündung stellt sich bei diesem Verfahren im übrigen nicht, da der Anteil an Perborat-monohydrat im Basispulver nicht sehr hoch ist und mit dem nichtionischen Tensid gleichzeitig Wasser aufgesprüht wird.EP-A 168 102 discloses a process for the production of high-density detergents in which nonionic surfactants are sprayed onto a powder mixture of sodium perborate monohydrate, zeolite and other builder salts. In this spray mixing process, granulation of the base powder occurs at the same time. Another part of the total nonionic surfactants used is sprayed onto a second powder component, which is free of sodium sulfate and consists of a spray-dried granulate, which contains the usual surfactants, builder salts and other detergent components. Both the perborate-containing base powder and the spray-dried powder component contain considerable amounts of sodium tripolyphosphate in the compositions according to the examples. As already stated, such a base powder of perborate and powdered zeolite, especially if it is free from tripolyphosphate, leads to the formation of sticky, poorly pourable granules after the application of large amounts of nonionic surfactants. In order to be able to incorporate larger amounts of these surfactants nevertheless, it is proposed to treat not only the base powder but also the spray drying product in the same way in a spray mixing system. This procedure is therefore comparatively cumbersome because it is a much larger one Product stream must be passed through the spray mixing system. The problem of spontaneous combustion does not arise in this process, since the proportion of perborate monohydrate in the base powder is not very high and water is sprayed on at the same time with the nonionic surfactant.

Andererseits sind saugfähige Trägerkörner bekannt, die aus mehreren Bestandteilen bestehen und zumeist durch Sprühtrocknung hergestellt werden. Beispiele hierfür sind die Mittel gemäß US-A-3 849 327, US-A-3 886 098 und US-A-3 838 027 sowie US-A-4 269 722 (DE-A-27 42 683). Diese insbesondere zur Adsorption von nichtionischen Tensiden entwickelten Trägerkörner enthalten jedoch erhebliche Mengen an Phosphaten, was ihre Einsatzmöglichkeiten einschränkt. Phosphatfreie Trägerkörner sind aus DE-A 32 06 265 (GB-A-20 97 419) und DE-A 32 06 379 (GB-A-20 95 274) bekannt. Sie bestehen im wesentlichen aus Natriumcarbonat bzw. -hydrogencarbonat, Zeolith, Natriumsilikat, Bentonit und Polyacrylat. Der hohe Anteil an Carbonaten begünstigt jedoch eine Ausbildung von Calciumcarbonat in hartem Wasser, während das Natriumsilikat in Verbindung mit Zeolith die Dispergierbarkeit der Körner in Wasser erheblich verschlechtert.On the other hand, absorbent carrier grains are known which consist of several components and are usually produced by spray drying. Examples of these are the agents according to US-A-3 849 327, US-A-3 886 098 and US-A-3 838 027 and US-A-4 269 722 (DE-A-27 42 683). However, these carrier grains, developed especially for the adsorption of nonionic surfactants, contain considerable amounts of phosphates, which limits their possible uses. Phosphate-free carrier grains are known from DE-A 32 06 265 (GB-A-20 97 419) and DE-A 32 06 379 (GB-A-20 95 274). They consist essentially of sodium carbonate or hydrogen carbonate, zeolite, sodium silicate, bentonite and polyacrylate. The high proportion of carbonates, however, favors the formation of calcium carbonate in hard water, while the sodium silicate in connection with zeolite considerably deteriorates the dispersibility of the grains in water.

Aus EP-A 184 794 (US 4 707 290) ist ein körniges Adsorptionsmittel bekannt, das hohe Anteile an flüssigen bis pastösen Waschmittelbestandteilen, insbesondere nichtionischen Tensiden aufzunehmen vermag und (auf wasserfreie Substanz bezogen) aus 60 bis 80 Gew.% Zeolith, 0,1 bis 8 Gew.-% Natriumsilikat, 3 bis 15 Gew.-% an Homo- oder Copolymeren der Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure und/-oder Maleinsäure, 8 bis 18 Gew.-% Wasser und gegebenenfalls bis zu 5 Gew.-% an nichtionischen Tensiden enthält und durch Sprühtrocknung erhältlich ist. In der Praxis hat sich gezeigt, daß in Waschmaschinen mit ungünstig konstruierten Einspülvorrichtungen sich die Produkte im Verlauf der Einspülphase nicht vollständig lösen und Rückstände hinterlassen. Dieses verschlechterte Einspülverhalten zeigen nicht nur die betreffenden Partikel selbst, vielmehr können sie auch einen Einfluß auf die Löslichkeit bzw. das Einspülverhalten der übrigen pulverförmigen Waschmittelkomponenten ausüben. Das hat zur Folge, daß ein an sich gut einspülbares Pulvergemisch insgesamt schlecht einspülbar wird, wenn es zusätzlich eine derartige Pulverkomponente im Gemisch enthält.EP-A 184 794 (US 4,707,290) discloses a granular adsorbent which is able to absorb high proportions of liquid to pasty detergent constituents, in particular nonionic surfactants, and (based on anhydrous substance) from 60 to 80% by weight of zeolite, 1 to 8% by weight of sodium silicate, 3 to 15% by weight of homo- or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and / or maleic acid, 8 to 18% by weight of water and optionally up to 5% by weight of nonionic Contains surfactants and can be obtained by spray drying. In practice it has been shown that in washing machines with poorly designed induction devices, the products do not completely detach during the induction phase and leave residues. This worsened washing-in behavior is not only shown by the particles in question themselves, but can also have an influence on the solubility or the washing-in behavior of the other powdered detergent components. The result of this is that a powder mixture which is intrinsically easy to flush in becomes difficult to flush in overall if it additionally contains such a powder component in the mixture.

Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, ein körniges Adsorptionsmaterial zu entwickeln, das die aufgeführten Nachteile, insbesondere die Entstehung leicht entzündlicher Gemische, vermeidet sowie ein hohes Adsorptionsvermögen für nichtionische Tenside aufweist und zusammen mit diesen ein verbessertes Lösungs- und Einspülverhalten besitzt. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist demnach ein granulares, rieselfähiges, phosphatfreies Waschmitteladditiv, enthaltend

  • (A) 10 bis 70 Gew.-% Natriumperborat-monohydrat, das eine mittlere Korngröße von 0,2 bis 1,2 mm aufweist,
  • (B) 25 bis 80 Gew.-% eines granularen, eine mittlere Korngröße von 0,2 bis 1,2 mm aufweisenden Salzgemisches, das mindestens zu 75 Gew.-% anorganischer Natur und frei von Persauerstoff ist und (auf wasserfreie Substanz in Komponente B bezogen) 45 bis 75 Gew.-% synthetischen, feinkristallinen Zeolith, 0 bis 30 Gew.-% Natriumsulfat und 1 bis 12 Gew.-% Salze homopolymerer bzw. copolymerer Carbonsäuren enthält,
  • (c) 5 bis 30 Gew.-% an nichtionischen Tensiden, die an den granularen Komponenten (A) und (B) gebunden sind.
The object was therefore to develop a granular adsorption material which avoids the disadvantages listed, in particular the formation of highly flammable mixtures, and has a high adsorption capacity for nonionic surfactants and, together with these, has an improved dissolving and flushing behavior. The invention accordingly relates to a granular, free-flowing, phosphate-free detergent additive containing
  • (A) 10 to 70% by weight sodium perborate monohydrate, which has an average grain size of 0.2 to 1.2 mm,
  • (B) 25 to 80% by weight of a granular salt mixture having an average grain size of 0.2 to 1.2 mm, which is at least 75% by weight inorganic and free of peroxygen and (on anhydrous substance in component B related) contains 45 to 75% by weight of synthetic, finely crystalline zeolite, 0 to 30% by weight of sodium sulfate and 1 to 12% by weight of salts of homopolymeric or copolymeric carboxylic acids,
  • (c) 5 to 30% by weight of nonionic surfactants which are bound to the granular components (A) and (B).

Die granularen Komponenten (A) und (B) sowie das fertige Mittel weisen im Interesse einer guten Rieselfähigkeit und eines störungsfreien Einspülverhaltens eine mittlere Korngröße von 0,2 bis 1,2 mm, vorzugsweise von 0,3 bis 1 mm auf. Insbesondere beträgt der Anteil der Partikel im zusammengesetzten Mittel mit einer Korngröße unter 0,05 mm weniger als 1 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise weniger als 0,1 Gew.-%, der Anteil mit einer Korngröße unter 0,1 mm weniger als 2 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise weniger als 1 Gew.-%, der Anteil mit einer Korngröße über 2 mm weniger als 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise weniger als 1 Gew.-% und der Anteil mit einer Korngröße über 1,2 mm weniger als 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise weniger als 5 Gew.-%. Beide Komponenten können im Rahmen der angegebenen Grenzen die gleiche oder auch eine unterschiedliche Korngröße aufweisen. Durch das gemeinsame Vermischen und Behandeln mit nichtionischen Tensiden kann es zu einer geringfügigen Agglomeration der Partikel, insbesondere in Anbinden feinteiliger Bestandteile an größere Körner und damit insgesamt zu einer geringfügigen Erhöhung der mittleren Korngröße kommen.The granular components (A) and (B) as well as the finished agent have in the interest of good flowability and one an average grain size of 0.2 to 1.2 mm, preferably of 0.3 to 1 mm. In particular, the proportion of particles in the composite with a grain size below 0.05 mm is less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.1% by weight, the proportion with a grain size below 0.1 mm is less than 2% by weight .-%, preferably less than 1 wt .-%, the proportion with a grain size over 2 mm less than 5 wt .-%, preferably less than 1 wt .-% and the proportion with a grain size over 1.2 mm less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight. Both components can have the same or a different grain size within the specified limits. Mixing and treating them together with nonionic surfactants can result in a slight agglomeration of the particles, in particular in the connection of finely divided components to larger grains, and thus overall a slight increase in the average grain size.

Der Anteil des Natriumperborat-monohydrats (Komponente A) beträgt 10 bis 70 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 20 bis 60 Gew.-% und insbesondere 30 bis 50 Gew.-%. Der Anteil der Komponente (B) beträgt 25 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 35 bis 70 Gew.-% und insbesondere 40 bis 60 Gew.-%. Der Anteil der nichtionischen Komponente (C) beträgt 5 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 7 bis 20 Gew.-% und insbesondere 10 bis 15 Gew.-%.The proportion of sodium perborate monohydrate (component A) is 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 20 to 60% by weight and in particular 30 to 50% by weight. The proportion of component (B) is 25 to 80% by weight, preferably 35 to 70% by weight and in particular 40 to 60% by weight. The proportion of the nonionic component (C) is 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 7 to 20% by weight and in particular 10 to 15% by weight.

Der Perborat-monohydrat kommt vorzugsweise als lockeres, geblähtes Granulat mit einem Litergewicht von 450 bis 650 g/l, vorzugsweise 500 bis 600 g/l zum Einsatz. Derartige Körner zeichnen sich durch ein gutes Adsorptionsvermögen für flüssige bis schmalzartige nichtionische Tenside aus. Durch die Beladung der Körner mit den nichtionischen Tensiden steigt das Schüttgewicht im allgemeinen um weitere 50 bis 200 Einheiten an, was im Interesse eines höheren Gesamtschüttgewichtes und einer Einsparung an Verpackungs- und Transportvolumens liegt.The perborate monohydrate is preferably used as loose, expanded pellets with a liter weight of 450 to 650 g / l, preferably 500 to 600 g / l. Such grains are characterized by a good adsorption capacity for liquid to lard-like nonionic surfactants. Loading the grains with the nonionic surfactants generally increases the bulk density another 50 to 200 units, which is in the interest of a higher total bulk weight and a saving in packaging and transport volume.

Die Komponente (B) besteht ebenfalls vorzugsweise aus einem granularen, porösen Material, wie es durch Sprühtrocknung von wäßrigen Aufschlämmungen von wasserunlöslichen bzw. wasserloslichen Salzen bzw. Salzgemischen erhältlich ist. Sie enthält synthetischen Zeolith vom Typ NaA in Anteilen von 45 bis 75, vorzugsweise 50 bis 70 Gew.-% und insbesondere 55 bis 68 Gew.-% (bezogen auf wasserfreie Substanz). Brauchbar sind ferner Gemische aus Zeolith NaA und NaX, wobei der Anteil des Zeoliths NaX in derartigen Gemischen zweckmäßigerweise unter 30 %, insbesondere unter 20 %, liegt. Geeignete Zeolithe weisen keine Teilchen mit einer Größe über 30 »m auf und bestehen zu wenigstens 80 % aus Teilchen einer Größe von weniger als 10 »m. Ihre mittlere Teilchengröße (Volumenverteilung, Meßmethode: Coulter Counter) liegt im Bereich von 1 bis 10 »m. Ihr Calciumbindevermögen, das nach den Angaben der DE-A-24 12 837 bestimmt wird, liegt im Bereich von 100 bis 200 mg CaO/g. Die Zeolithe können von ihrer Herstellung her noch überschüssiges Alkali enthalten. Ihr Wassergehalt synthetischer Zeolithe beträgt üblicherweise 18 bis 22 Gew.-%.Component (B) likewise preferably consists of a granular, porous material, as can be obtained by spray drying aqueous slurries of water-insoluble or water-soluble salts or salt mixtures. It contains synthetic zeolite of the NaA type in proportions of 45 to 75, preferably 50 to 70% by weight and in particular 55 to 68% by weight (based on the anhydrous substance). Mixtures of zeolite NaA and NaX can also be used, the proportion of the zeolite NaX in such mixtures advantageously being less than 30%, in particular less than 20%. Suitable zeolites have no particles larger than 30 »m and consist at least 80% of particles smaller than 10» m. Their average particle size (volume distribution, measurement method: Coulter Counter) is in the range from 1 to 10 »m. Their calcium binding capacity, which is determined according to the information in DE-A-24 12 837, is in the range from 100 to 200 mg CaO / g. The zeolites can still contain excess alkali from their production. Their water content of synthetic zeolites is usually 18 to 22% by weight.

Ein weiterer vorteilhafter Bestandteil der Komponente (B) ist Natriumsulfat, das als wasserfreie Substanz gerechnet, in Anteilen von 0 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 25 und insbesondere von 3 bis 20 Gew.-% vorliegt. Das Natriumsulfat trägt zu einer erheblichen Verbesserung der Kornstruktur der Komponente (B) und des Einspülverhaltens des Waschmitteladditivs bei und erhöht gleichzeitig deren Schüttgewicht, wodurch sich die Möglichkeit ergibt, Verpackungs- und Transportvolumen einzusparen.Another advantageous component of component (B) is sodium sulfate, which is calculated as an anhydrous substance and is present in proportions of 0 to 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 25 and in particular 3 to 20% by weight. The sodium sulfate contributes to a considerable improvement in the grain structure of component (B) and the washing-in behavior of the detergent additive and at the same time increases its bulk density, which results in the possibility of saving packaging and transport volume.

Als weiteres anorganisches Salz, das mit dem Zeolith kombiniert werden kann, ist Natriumcarbonat, das in Anteilen bis 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Komponente (B) vorliegen kann. Hinsichtlich des Einspülverhaltens sind solche Gemische jedoch den Gemischen aus Zeolith und Natriumsulfat unterlegen.Another inorganic salt that can be combined with the zeolite is sodium carbonate, which can be present in proportions of up to 20% by weight, based on component (B). With regard to the flushing-in behavior, however, such mixtures are inferior to the mixtures of zeolite and sodium sulfate.

Der Gehalt der Komponente (B) an anorganischen Salzen einschließlich Zeolith soll mindestens 75 Gew.-% vorzugsweise mindestens 85 Gew.-% (bezogen auf die Komponente B) betragen. Zusätzlich enthält die Komponente (B) organische Salze, die von besonderem Vorteil für die Kornstruktur, die Kornstabilität und insbesondere für das Einspülverhalten der Granulate und deren Gemische mit sonstigen Waschmittelbestandteilen sind.The content of component (B) in inorganic salts including zeolite should be at least 75% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight (based on component B). In addition, component (B) contains organic salts which are of particular advantage for the grain structure, the grain stability and in particular for the washing-in behavior of the granules and their mixtures with other detergent constituents.

Zu diesen organischen Salzen, die in der Komponente (B) enthalten sind, zählen die Natrium- oder Kaliumsalze, vorzugsweise die Natriumsalze homopolymerer und/oder copolymerer Carbonsäuren. Geeignete Homopolymere sind Polyacrylsäure, Polymethacrylsäure und Polymaleinsäure, wobei die Polyacrylsäure bevorzugt ist. Geeignete Copolymere sind solche der Acrylsäure mit Methacrylsäure bzw. Copolymere der Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure oder Maleinsäure mit Vinylethern, wie Vinylmethylether bzw. Vinylethylether. In solchen copolymeren Säuren, in denen eine der Komponenten keine Säurefunktion aufweist, beträgt deren Anteil im Interesse einer ausreichenden Wasserlöslichkeit nicht mehr als 50 Molprozent, vorzugsweise weniger als 30 Molprozent. Als besonders geeignet haben sich Copolymere der Acrylsäure bzw. Methycrylsäure mit Maleinsäure erwiesen, wie sie beispielsweise in EP 25 551-B1 näher charakterisiert sind. Es handelt sich dabei um Copolymerisate, die 40 bis 90 Gew.-% Acrylsäure bzw. Methacrylsäure und 60 bis 10 Gew.-% Maleinsäure enthalten. Besonders bevorzugt sind solche Copolymere, in denen 45 bis 85 Gewichtsprozent Acrylsäure und 55 bis 15 Gew.-% Maleinsäure anwesend sind.These organic salts which are contained in component (B) include the sodium or potassium salts, preferably the sodium salts of homopolymeric and / or copolymeric carboxylic acids. Suitable homopolymers are polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid and polymaleic acid, with polyacrylic acid being preferred. Suitable copolymers are those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or maleic acid with vinyl ethers, such as vinyl methyl ether or vinyl ethyl ether. In those copolymeric acids in which one of the components has no acid function, the proportion thereof, in the interest of sufficient water solubility, is not more than 50 mole percent, preferably less than 30 mole percent. Copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid, as are described in more detail, for example, in EP 25 551-B1, have proven particularly suitable. These are copolymers which contain 40 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and 60 to 10% by weight of maleic acid. Such copolymers are particularly preferred, in which 45 to 85 percent by weight acrylic acid and 55 to 15 percent by weight maleic acid are present.

Das Molekulargewicht der Homo- bzw. Copolymeren beträgt im allgemeinen 2 000 bis 150 000, vorzugsweise 5 000 bis 100 000. Ihr Anteil an der Komponete (B) beträgt beispielsweise 1 bis 12 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1,5 bis 8 Gew.-% und insbesondere 2 bis 5 Gew.-%, berechnet als Natriumsalz. Mit steigendem Anteil an Polysäure bzw. deren Salzen nimmt die Beständigkeit der Körner gegen Abrieb zu. Bei einem Anteil ab 1,5 Gew.-% wird bereits eine für viele Fälle hinreichende Abriebfestigkeit erzielt. Optimale Abriebeigenschaften weisen Gemische mit 2 bis 5 Gew.-% an Natriumsalz der Polysäure auf.The molecular weight of the homopolymers or copolymers is generally 2,000 to 150,000, preferably 5,000 to 100,000. Their proportion in component (B) is, for example, 1 to 12% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 8% by weight. -% and in particular 2 to 5 wt .-%, calculated as the sodium salt. The resistance of the grains to abrasion increases with an increasing proportion of polyacid or its salts. With a proportion from 1.5% by weight, sufficient abrasion resistance is achieved in many cases. Mixtures with 2 to 5% by weight of sodium salt of polyacid have optimal abrasion properties.

Ein fakultativer, vorteilhafter Bestandteil der Komponente (B), der insbesondere das Einspülverhalten in der Waschmaschine wesentlich verbessert, besteht aus einer wasserlöslichen Seife, bevorzugt einer Natriumseife, die sich von gesättigten Fettsäuren mit 10 bis 24, vorzugsweise 12 bis 22 C-Atomen, sowie deren Gemischen mit Ölsäure ableitet, wobei der Anteil der gesättigten Fettsäuren mindestens 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mindestens 75 Gew.-% betragen soll. Beispiele sind Seifen aus Cocos-, Talg- und gehärteten Rübölfettsäuren gehärteten Fischölfettsäuren sowie deren Gemische. Ihr Anteil beträgt 0 bis 6, vorzugsweise 1 bis 5 und insbesondere 2 bis 4 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Komponente (B).An optional, advantageous component of component (B), which in particular significantly improves the washing-up behavior in the washing machine, consists of a water-soluble soap, preferably a sodium soap, which is derived from saturated fatty acids having 10 to 24, preferably 12 to 22, carbon atoms, and derives their mixtures with oleic acid, the proportion of saturated fatty acids should be at least 50 wt .-%, preferably at least 75 wt .-%. Examples are soaps made from coconut, tallow and hardened rapeseed oil fatty acids, hardened fish oil fatty acids and mixtures thereof. Their proportion is 0 to 6, preferably 1 to 5 and in particular 2 to 4% by weight, based on component (B).

Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das Gewichtsverhältnis von Seife zu Polymersäure-Na-Salz im Bereich von 2,5 : 1 bis 1 : 5, insbesondere im Bereich 1,5 : 1 bis 1 : 4 liegt. Diese Bereiche zeichnen sich durch gute Einspülergebnisse aus. Stärkere Abweichungen, insbesondere höhere Seifengehalte auf Kosten des Polymersäure-Anteils, führen zu ungünstigeren Werten. Eine gut brauchbare granulare Komponente (B) enthält demnach (als wasserfreie Bestandteile gerechnet)
45 bis 75 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 50 bis 70 Gew.-% Zeolith,
0 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 2 bis 20 Gew.-% Natriumsulfat,
1 bis 12 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1,5 bis 8 Gew.-% Polymersalz,
0 bis 6 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 1 bis 5 Gew.-% Seife.
It has proven to be advantageous if the weight ratio of soap to polymeric acid Na salt is in the range from 2.5: 1 to 1: 5, in particular in the range from 1.5: 1 to 1: 4. These areas are characterized by good induction results. Greater deviations, in particular higher soap contents at the expense of the polymer acid content, lead to less favorable values. Accordingly, a well-usable granular component (B) contains (calculated as anhydrous components)
45 to 75% by weight, preferably 50 to 70% by weight, zeolite,
0 to 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight, sodium sulfate,
1 to 12% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 8% by weight, polymer salt,
0 to 6% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight of soap.

In den Fällen, in denen der Zeolith bei der Herstellung der granularen Komponente (B) nicht in pulveriger bzw. sprühgetrockneter Form, sondern als feuchter Filterkuchen eingesetzt wird, kann er Dispersions-Stabilisatoren enthalten, so wie diese in DE-A-25 27 388 näher beschrieben sind. Geeignete Stabilisatoren sind insbesondere nichtionische Tenside mit HLB-Werten unter 12, wie ethoxylierter Talgalkohol mit 3 bis 8 EO. Der Anteil dieser Zusatzstoffe an der Pulverkomponente (B) kann, je nach Zeolithanteil, bis zu 4 Gew.-%, meist 0,3 bis 3 Gew.-% betragen. In der Endbilanz wird dieser Anteil der Komponente (C) zugeschlagen.In those cases in which the zeolite is used in the production of the granular component (B) not in powder or spray-dried form, but rather as a moist filter cake, it can contain dispersion stabilizers, as is the case in DE-A-25 27 388 are described in more detail. Suitable stabilizers are in particular nonionic surfactants with HLB values below 12, such as ethoxylated tallow alcohol with 3 to 8 EO. The proportion of these additives in the powder component (B) can, depending on the zeolite content, be up to 4% by weight, usually 0.3 to 3% by weight. In the final balance, this portion of component (C) is added.

Die Differenz bis 100 Gew.-% entfällt auf Wasser, das in gebundener Form und als Feuchtigkeit vorliegt, wobei die Hauptmenge an den Zeolith gebunden ist. Ein Anteil des Wassers, der etwa 8 bis 18 Gew.-% (bezogen auf das Mittel) beträgt, ist bei einer Trocknungstemperatur von 145 °C entfernbar. Ein weiterer Anteil, der je nach Zeolith-Anteil zwischen 4 und 8 Gew.-% beträgt, wird bei Glühtemperatur (800 °C) frei und entspricht dem in das Kristallgitter des Zeoliths eingelagerten Wasser.The difference of up to 100% by weight is due to water, which is present in bound form and as moisture, the major amount being bound to the zeolite. A proportion of the water, which is about 8 to 18 wt .-% (based on the agent) can be removed at a drying temperature of 145 ° C. Another portion, which is between 4 and 8% by weight, depending on the zeolite portion, is released at the annealing temperature (800 ° C.) and corresponds to the water stored in the crystal lattice of the zeolite.

Die mittlere Korngröße der Komponente (B) beträgt 0,2 bis 1,2 mm, wobei der Anteil der Körner unterhalb 0,05 mm weniger als 1 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise weniger als 0,5 Gew.-% und oberhalb 2 mm nicht mehr als 5 Gew.-% betragen soll. Vorzugsweise weisen mindestens 80 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 90 Gew.-% der Körner eine Größe von 0,1 bis 1,2 mm auf, wobei der Anteil der Körner zwischen 0,1 und 0,05 mm, vorzugsweise nicht mehr als 3 Gew.-%, insbesondere weniger als 1 Gew.-% der Anteil der Körner zwischen 0,1 und 0,2 mm weniger als 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere weniger als 10 Gew.-% und der Anteil der Körner zwischen 1,2 und 2 mm nicht mehr als 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere nicht mehr als 5 Gew.-% beträgt. Das Schüttgewicht der Komponente (B) beträgt in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform 400 bis 680 g/l, vorzugsweise 450 bis 650 g/l. Durch die Adsorption der nichtionischen Tenside erhöht es sich ebenfalls um 50 bis 200 g/l.The average grain size of component (B) is 0.2 to 1.2 mm, the proportion of the grains below 0.05 mm less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.5% by weight and above 2 mm should not be more than 5% by weight. Preferably, at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of the grains have a size of 0.1 to 1.2 mm, the proportion of the grains being between 0.1 and 0.05 mm, preferably not more than 3% by weight, in particular less than 1% by weight, the proportion of the grains between 0.1 and 0.2 mm less than 20% by weight, in particular less than 10% by weight and the proportion of the grains between 1 , 2 and 2 mm is not more than 10% by weight, in particular not more than 5% by weight. The bulk density of component (B) in the preferred embodiment is 400 to 680 g / l, preferably 450 to 650 g / l. The adsorption of the non-ionic surfactants also increases it by 50 to 200 g / l.

Die an dem Gemisch der Komponenten (A) und (B) adsorbierten, nichtionischen Tenside sind solche, wie sie üblicherweise in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln verwendet werden. Weitere geeignete Zusatzstoffe sind organische Lösungsmittel, mit denen das Reinigungsvermögen von Wasch- und Reinigungsmittels insbesondere gegenüber fettigen Verschmutzungen verbessert wird und die auf diese Weise einem körnigen Reinigungsmittel problemlos einverleibt werden können. Aber auch sonstige Stoffe, wie Duftstoffe, Avivagemittel, optische Aufheller sowie anionische oder kationische Tenside können nach vorherigem Lösen bzw. Dispergieren in organischen Lösungsmitteln bzw. den flüssigen oder geschmolzenen nichtionischen Tensiden dem Gemisch der Komponenten (A) und (B) zugemischt werden. Diese Stoffe dringen zusammen mit dem Lösungs- bzw. Dispergiermittel in die porösen Körner ein und sind auf diese Weise gegen Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Pulverbestandteilen geschützt.The nonionic surfactants adsorbed on the mixture of components (A) and (B) are those which are usually used in washing and cleaning agents. Other suitable additives are organic solvents, with which the cleaning ability of detergents and cleaning agents is improved, in particular with regard to greasy soiling, and which can be incorporated into a granular cleaning agent without problems in this way. However, other substances, such as fragrances, finishing agents, optical brighteners and anionic or cationic surfactants, can also be mixed into the mixture of components (A) and (B) after prior dissolution or dispersion in organic solvents or the liquid or molten nonionic surfactants. These substances penetrate into the porous grains together with the solvent or dispersant and are thus protected against interactions with other powder components.

Bevorzugte Waschmittelbestandteile, die an dem granularen Gemisch gebunden sind und mit diesem zusammen als rieselfähiges Gemisch vorliegen, sind flüssige bis pastöse nichtionische Tenside aus der Klasse der Polyglykolether, abgeleitet von Alkoholen mit 10 bis 22, insbesondere 12 bis 18 C-Atomen. Diese Alkohole können gesättigt oder olefinisch ungesättigt, linear oder in 2-Stellung methylverzweigt (Oxo-Rest) sein. Ihre Umsetzungsprodukte mit Ethylenoxid (EO) bzw. Propylenoxid (PO) sind wasserlöslich bzw. in Wasser dispergierbare Gemische von Verbindungen mit unterschiedlichem Alkoxylierungsgrad. Die Zahl der EO- bzw. PO-Gruppen entspricht bei technischen Alkoxylaten dem statistischen Mittelwert.Preferred detergent ingredients which are bound to the granular mixture and together with it as a free-flowing mixture are liquid to pasty nonionic surfactants from the class of polyglycol ethers, derived from alcohols with 10 to 22, in particular 12 to 18, carbon atoms. These alcohols can be saturated or olefinically unsaturated, linear or methyl-branched in the 2-position (oxo radical). Their reaction products with ethylene oxide (EO) or propylene oxide (PO) are water-soluble or water-dispersible mixtures of compounds with different degrees of alkoxylation. The number of EO or PO groups corresponds to the statistical mean for technical alkoxylates.

Beispiele für geeignete ethoxylierte Fettalkohle sind C₁₂₋₁₈-Cocosalkohole mit 3 bis 12 EO, C₁₆₋₁₈-Talgalkohol mit 4 bis 16 EO, Oleylalkohol mit 4 bis 12 EO sowie aus anderen nativen Fettalkoholgemischen erhältliche Ethoxylierungsprodukte entsprechender Ketten- und EO-Verteilung. Aus der Reihe der ethoxylierten Oxoalkohole sind beispielsweise solche der Zusammensetzung C₁₂₋₁₅ + 3 bis 10 EO und C₁₄-C₁₅ + 3 bis 12 EO geeignet. Durch eine erhöhte Waschkraft sowohl gegenüber fettartigen und mineralischen Anschmutzungen zeichnen sich Gemische aus niedrig und hoch ethoxylierten Alkoholen aus, beispielsweise solche aus Talgalkohol + 3 bis 6 EO und Talgalkohol + 12 bis 16 EO oder C₁₃₋₁₅-Oxoalkohol + 3 bis 5 EO und C₁₂₋₁₄-Oxoalkohol + 8 bis 12 EO. Besonders günstige Einspüleigenschaften haben Mittel, in denen die adsorbierten nichtionische Tenside sowohl lange hydrophobe Reste als auch höhere Ethoxylierungsgrade aufweisen.Examples of suitable ethoxylated fatty alcohols are C₁₂₋₁₈ coconut alcohols with 3 to 12 EO, C₁₆₋₁₈ tallow alcohol with 4 to 16 EO, oleyl alcohol with 4 to 12 EO and ethoxylation products of corresponding chain and EO distribution available from other native fatty alcohol mixtures. From the series of ethoxylated oxo alcohols, for example those of the composition C₁₂₋₁₋ + 3 to 10 EO and C₁₄-C₁₅ + 3 to 12 EO are suitable. Mixtures of low and highly ethoxylated alcohols are distinguished by an increased detergency against both greasy and mineral soiling, for example those made from tallow alcohol + 3 to 6 EO and tallow alcohol + 12 to 16 EO or C₁₃₋₁₅ oxo alcohol + 3 to 5 EO and C₁₂ ₋₁₄-oxo alcohol + 8 to 12 EO. Agents in which the adsorbed nonionic surfactants have both long hydrophobic residues and higher degrees of ethoxylation have particularly favorable flushing properties.

Bei der Herstellung der Komponente (B) in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform geht man von einem wäßrigen Ansatz aus, enthaltend insgesamt 40 bis 55 Gew.-% an wasserfrei gerechneten Inhaltsstoffen, der mittels Düsen in einen Fallraum versprüht und mittels Trocknungsgasen, die eine Eingangstemperatur von 150 bis 280 °C und eine Austrittstemperatur von 50 bis 120 °C aufweisen, auf einen bei 145 °C entfernbaren Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von 8 bis 18 Gew.-% getrocknet wird.The preparation of component (B) in the preferred embodiment is based on an aqueous batch containing a total of 40 to 55% by weight of water-free ingredients, which is sprayed into a falling space by means of nozzles and by means of drying gases which have an inlet temperature of 150 up to 280 ° C and have an outlet temperature of 50 to 120 ° C, is dried to a removable moisture content of 145 ° C of 8 to 18 wt .-%.

Der wäßrige Ansatz kann durch Mischen der trockenen oder wasserhaltigen Bestandteile unter Zusatz des für eine Verflüssigung erforderlichen Wassers hergestellt werden. Anstelle der Seife bzw. der Salze der polymeren Carbonsäuren können auch die entsprechenden freien Säuren eingearbeitet und das zur Salzbildung erforderliche Alkali gesondert zugesetzt werden. Ein Zusatz von Alkalihydroxid, insbesonder NaOH, ist außerdem empfehlenswert, um die wäßrige Zeolith-Suspension bzw. den Slurry alkalisch, d.h. auf einen pH-Wert von wenigstens 8 einzustellen und einen hinreichenden Alkaliüberschuß bereitzustellen, damit während der Sprühtrocknung der pH-Wert nicht auf weniger als 8 absinkt. Eine solche pH-Wert-Erniedrigung, die zu einem Aktivitätsverlust des Zeoliths führen würde, kann durch CO₂ im Trockengas bewirkt werden. Der Zusatz von NaOH, der eine ausreichende Alkalireserve sicherstellt, kann beispielsweise bis zu 3 Gew.-% betragen. Im allgemeinen kommt man mit 0,2 bis 1 Gew.-% aus.The aqueous batch can be prepared by mixing the dry or water-containing constituents with the addition of the water required for liquefaction. Instead of the soap or the salts of the polymeric carboxylic acids, the corresponding free acids can also be incorporated and the alkali required for salt formation can be added separately. The addition of alkali hydroxide, in particular NaOH, is also recommended in order to make the aqueous zeolite suspension or the slurry alkaline, i.e. adjust to a pH of at least 8 and provide a sufficient alkali excess so that the pH does not drop to less than 8 during spray drying. Such a pH reduction, which would lead to a loss of activity of the zeolite, can be caused by CO₂ in the dry gas. The addition of NaOH, which ensures a sufficient alkali reserve, can be, for example, up to 3% by weight. In general, 0.2 to 1% by weight is sufficient.

Vorzugsweise beträgt der Gehalt des wäßrigen Ansatzes an wasserfreien Inhaltsstoffen 43 bis 50 Gew.-%. Seine Temperatur beträgt zweckmäßigerweise 50 bis 100 °C und seine Viskosität 2 000 bis 20 000 mPa·s, meist 8 000 bis 14 000 mPa·s. Der Zerstäubungsdruck liegt meist bei 20 bis 120 bar, vorzugsweise bei 30 bis 80 bar. Das Trocknungsgas, das im allgemeinen durch Verbrennen von Heizgas oder Heizöl erhalten wird, wird vorzugsweise im Gegenstrom geführt. Bei Verwendung sogenannter Trockentürme, in welche der wäßrige Ansatz im oberen Teil über mehrere Hochdruckdüsen eingesprüht wird, beträgt die Eingangstemperatur, gemessen im Ringkanal (d.h. unmittelbar vor Eintritt in den unteren Teil des Turmes) 150 bis 280 °C, vorzugsweise 170 bis 250 °C. Das den Turm verlassende, mit Feuchtigkeit beladene Abgas weist überlicherweise eine Temperatur von 50 bis 130 °C, vorzugsweise 55 bis 115 °C auf. Die Sprühtrocknung wird so geleitet, daß die Korngröße des Sprühproduktes die vorstehend angegebene Verteilung aufweist. Vorhandenes Feinkorn und Grobkorn wird vor der Weiterverarbeitung abgesiebt. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß mit steigendem Anteil an Feinkorn sich das Einspülverhalten des mit nichtionischen Tensiden imprägnierten Adsorptionsmittels verschlechtert.The content of water-free ingredients in the aqueous mixture is preferably 43 to 50% by weight. Its temperature is advantageously 50 to 100 ° C and its viscosity 2,000 to 20,000 mPa · s, usually 8,000 to 14,000 mPa · s. The atomization pressure is usually 20 to 120 bar, preferably 30 to 80 bar. The drying gas, which is generally obtained by burning heating gas or heating oil, is preferably conducted in countercurrent. When using so-called drying towers, into which the aqueous batch is sprayed in the upper part via several high-pressure nozzles, the inlet temperature, measured in the ring channel, is (ie immediately before entering the lower part of the tower) 150 to 280 ° C, preferably 170 to 250 ° C. The exhaust gas laden with moisture leaving the tower usually has a temperature of 50 to 130 ° C., preferably 55 to 115 ° C. The spray drying is conducted so that the particle size of the spray product has the distribution given above. Existing fine and coarse grains are screened before further processing. It has been shown that the flushing behavior of the adsorbent impregnated with nonionic surfactants deteriorates with increasing proportion of fine grain.

Beide Pulverkomponenten werden zu einem homogenen Gemisch vereinigt und anschließend mit flüssigen bzw. durch Erwärmen verflüssigten nichtionischen Tensiden bzw. Tensidgemischen behandelt. Zwecks schnellerer Verteilung wird das nichtionische Tensid zweckmäßigerweise auf das bewegte Gemisch aufgesprüht. Ein Erwärmen des nichtionischen Tensids auf Temperaturen zwischen 35 und 60 °C, vorzugsweise 40 bis 50 °C, beschleunigt den Adsorptionsvorgang. Die Abriebfestigkeit und Formkonstanz der Körner ist bei Einhaltung der angegebenen Mengenverhältnisse bzw. Herstellungsbedingungen so hoch, daß auch die frisch zubereiteten, insbesondere aber die abgekühlten und gegebenenfalls wieder erwärmten, ausgereiften Körner unter den üblichen Sprühmischbedingungen mit den flüssigen Zusatzstoffen behandelt, gemischt und gefördert werden können, ohne daß es zu Bildung von Feinanteilen oder gröberen Agglomeraten kommt. Auch die Gefahr einer Selbstentzündung während der Verarbeitung und Lagerung besteht bei Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Gemische nicht.Both powder components are combined to form a homogeneous mixture and then treated with liquid or nonionic surfactants or surfactant mixtures liquefied by heating. For faster distribution, the nonionic surfactant is expediently sprayed onto the agitated mixture. Heating the nonionic surfactant to temperatures between 35 and 60 ° C, preferably 40 to 50 ° C, accelerates the adsorption process. The abrasion resistance and constancy of shape of the grains is so high if the specified proportions or manufacturing conditions are observed that even the freshly prepared, but especially the cooled and, if necessary, reheated, matured grains can be treated, mixed and conveyed with the liquid additives under the usual spray mixing conditions without the formation of fine fractions or coarser agglomerates. There is also no risk of spontaneous combustion during processing and storage when using the mixtures according to the invention.

Das Vermischen der beiden granularen Komponenten und das anschließende Besprühen mit nichtionischen Tensiden kann in üblichen mechanischen Mischvorrichtungen, wie Trommelmischern, Wirbelbettmischern oder Sprühmischern kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich erfolgen. Der Misch- und Sprühprozeß kann auch bei kontinuierlicher Arbeitsweise einer einzigen Mischapparatur vorgenommen werden, wobei die Vereinigung der beiden Pulverkomponenten in einer ersten Mischstrecke und das Zumischen der nichtionischen Komponente in einer abschließenden Mischstrecke erfolgt. Ein besonderer Vorteil der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, daß die Adsorption der flüssigen nichtionischen Tenside und deren Diffusion in das Korninnere vergleichsweise schnell erfolgt. Bereits kurz nach Verlassen der Mischapparatur besitzen die Korngemische ihre volle Rieselfähigkeit und können ohne Zwischenlagerung oder zeitraubenden Nachreifeprozeß weiterverarbeitet werden.The mixing of the two granular components and the subsequent spraying with nonionic surfactants can be done in the usual way mechanical mixing devices, such as drum mixers, fluidized bed mixers or spray mixers, are carried out continuously or discontinuously. The mixing and spraying process can also be carried out with continuous operation of a single mixing apparatus, the two powder components being combined in a first mixing section and the nonionic component being added in a final mixing section. A particular advantage of the invention can be seen in the fact that the adsorption of the liquid nonionic surfactants and their diffusion into the interior of the grain takes place comparatively quickly. Shortly after leaving the mixing apparatus, the grain mixtures are fully free-flowing and can be processed without intermediate storage or time-consuming post-ripening processes.

Nach dem Aufbringen des nichtionischen Tensides bzw. der gegebenenfalls zugeführten Zusatzstoffe können die Körner gegebenenfalls noch mit feinteiligen Pulvern bestäubt bzw. oberflächlich beschichtet werden. Hierdurch kann die Rieselfähigkeit noch weiter verbessert und das Schüttgewicht geringfügig erhöht werden. Geeignete Puderungsmittel weisen eine Korngröße von 0,001 bis höchsten 0,1 mm, vorzugsweise von weniger als 0,05 mm auf und können in Anteilen von 0,03 bis 3, vorzugsweise 0,05 bis 2 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das mit Zusatzstoff beladene Adsorptionsmittel angewendet werden. In Frage kommen z.B. feinpulvrige Zeolithe, Kieselsäureaerogel (Aerosil (R)), farblose oder farbige Pigmente, wie Titandioxid sowie andere, bereits zum Pudern von Körnern bzw. Waschmittelteilchen vorgeschlagene Pulvermaterialien, wie feinpulvriges Natriumtripolyphosphat, Natriumsulfat, Magnesiumsilikat und Carboxylmethylcellulose. Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Produkten ist eine solche Behandlung im allgemeinen nicht erforderlich, zumal die Einspülbarkeit dadurch nicht verbessert wird.After the application of the nonionic surfactant or the additives that may have been added, the grains can optionally be dusted with finely divided powders or coated on the surface. As a result, the pourability can be improved even further and the bulk density can be increased slightly. Suitable powdering agents have a grain size of 0.001 to at most 0.1 mm, preferably less than 0.05 mm and can be present in proportions of 0.03 to 3, preferably 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on that with the additive loaded adsorbents are used. For example, finely powdered zeolites, silica airgel (Aerosil (R) ), colorless or colored pigments, such as titanium dioxide, and other powder materials already proposed for powdering granules or detergent particles, such as finely powdered sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium sulfate, magnesium silicate and carboxylmethyl cellulose. In the products according to the invention, such treatment is generally not necessary, especially since the ability to be washed in is not improved thereby.

Die mit den nichtionischen Tensiden bzw. mit den Gemischen aus nichtionischem Tensid und Zusatzstoff imprägnierten körnigen Adsorptionsmittel können mit weiteren pulverförmigen bis körnigen Waschmitteln bzw. Waschmittelkomponenten, wie sie beispielsweise durch Sprühtrocknung oder Granulation erhältlich sind, oder auch mit Bleichmitteln bzw. mit bleichmittelhaltigen Waschmitteln bekannter Zusammensetzung in jedem beliebigen Verhältnis vermischt werden. Hierbei ist ihre gute Rieselfähigkeit sowie ihre hohe Kornstabilität von großem Vorteil, da eine unerwünschte Bildung von Abrieb und Staub vermieden wird. Die Pulvergemische sind ihrerseits lagerbeständig und neigen nicht zum Verklumpen oder Ausschwitzen des nichtionischen Tensids. Bei der Anwendung sind sie im Vergleich zu bekannten Mitteln besonders gut einspülbar. Im Gegensatz zu den Angaben in EP-A 168 102 können die zugemischten Sprühpulver und Granulate auch Natriumsulfat enthalten, was vielfach für deren Korneigenschaften von Vorteil ist, insbesondere bei Abwesenheit von Phosphaten. Vorzugsweise sind auch diese zugemischten Waschmittelkomponenten daher phosphatfrei. Überdies ist die Aufnahmefähigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Granulatgemisches für nichtionische Tenside so hoch, daß sich ein zusätzliches Aufbringen dieser Tenside auf weitere Mischungskomponenten erübrigt.The granular adsorbents impregnated with the nonionic surfactants or with the mixtures of nonionic surfactant and additive can be mixed with further powdery to granular detergents or detergent components, such as are obtainable for example by spray drying or granulation, or with bleaching agents or with bleaching agents containing a known composition be mixed in any ratio. Here, their good flowability and their high grain stability are of great advantage, since an undesirable formation of abrasion and dust is avoided. The powder mixtures are in turn stable in storage and do not tend to clump or exude the nonionic surfactant. When used, they are particularly easy to flush in compared to known agents. In contrast to the information in EP-A 168 102, the admixed spray powders and granules can also contain sodium sulfate, which is often advantageous for their grain properties, especially in the absence of phosphates. These admixed detergent components are therefore preferably also phosphate-free. In addition, the absorbency of the granulate mixture according to the invention for nonionic surfactants is so high that an additional application of these surfactants to other mixture components is unnecessary.

BeispieleExamples 1. Herstellung der Komponente B 1. Production of component B

In einem mit Rührvorrichtung ausgerüsteten Ansatzbehälter wurden die folgenden Bestandteile unter Zusatz von Wasser zu einem Slurry vermischt (GT = Gewichtsteile)

  • a) 67,4 GT Zeolith NaA (wasserfrei gerechnet), enthaltend
    0,4 GT freies NaOH und
    2,1 GT ethoxylierter Talg-Fettalkohol mit 5 EO als Dispersions-Stabilisator
  • b) 4,0 GT Acrylsäure-Maleinsäure Copolymer (Na-Salz)
  • c) 2,5 GT Na-Seife (C₁₂₋₁₈-Cocos-Talgseife 1:1)
  • d) 4,4 GT Natriumsulfat
Der verwendete Zeolith hatte ein Calciumbindevermögen von 165 mg CaO/g und eine mittlere Partikelgröße von 3 »m, wobei keine Anteile über 20 »m vorlagen. Eingesetzt wurde er als wäßrige Dispersion (Filterkuchen), enthaltend 48 Gew.-% wasserfreien Zeolith sowie die weiteren unter (a) genannten Zusätze und 50,2 Gew.-% Wasser. Als Polycarbonsäure wurde ein Copolymerisat aus Acrylsäure und Maleinsäure mit einem Molekulargewicht von 70 000 (Sokalan (R)) in Form des Natriumsalzes zum Einsatz gebracht.The following constituents were mixed with the addition of water to form a slurry in a batch container equipped with a stirring device (GT = parts by weight)
  • a) containing 67.4 pbw of zeolite NaA (calculated anhydrous)
    0.4 GT free NaOH and
    2.1 pbw of ethoxylated tallow fatty alcohol with 5 EO as a dispersion stabilizer
  • b) 4.0 pbw of acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer (sodium salt)
  • c) 2.5 GT Na soap (C₁₂ C₁₈ coconut tallow soap 1: 1)
  • d) 4.4 pbw of sodium sulfate
The zeolite used had a calcium binding capacity of 165 mg CaO / g and an average particle size of 3 »m, with no proportions above 20» m. It was used as an aqueous dispersion (filter cake) containing 48% by weight of anhydrous zeolite and the other additives mentioned under (a) and 50.2% by weight of water. A copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid with a molecular weight of 70,000 (Sokalan (R) ) in the form of the sodium salt was used as the polycarboxylic acid.

Die eine Temperatur von 85 °C und eine Viskosität von 10 200 mPa·s aufweisende wäßrige Aufschlämmung wurde mit einem Druck von 40 AT in einem Turm versprüht, in dem Verbrennungsgase mit einer Temperatur von 226 °C (gemessen im Ringkanal) dem Sprühprodukt entgegengeführt wurden. Die Austrittstemperatur des Trockengases betrug 63 °C. Das den Sprühturm verlassende körnige Adsorptionsmittel enthielt

  • e) 19,2 GT Wasser.
The aqueous slurry, which had a temperature of 85 ° C. and a viscosity of 10 200 mPa · s, was sprayed at a pressure of 40 AT in a tower in which combustion gases at a temperature of 226 ° C. (measured in the ring channel) were directed towards the spray product . The outlet temperature of the Dry gas was 63 ° C. The granular adsorbent leaving the spray tower contained
  • e) 19.2 pbw of water.

Das durch Siebanalyse ermittelte Kornspektrum ergab die folgende Gewichtsverteilung: mm über 1,6 bis 0,8 bis 0,4 bis 0,2 bis 0,1 unter 0,1 Gew.-% 0 2 39 52 7 0 The grain spectrum determined by sieve analysis gave the following weight distribution: mm over 1.6 to 0.8 to 0.4 up to 0.2 to 0.1 less than 0.1 % By weight 0 2nd 39 52 7 0

Das Schüttgewicht betrug 563 g/l.The bulk weight was 563 g / l.

2. Herstellung des Waschmitteladditivs 2. Preparation of the detergent additive

In einem mit rotierenden Mischorganen ausgerüsteten Mischer (Sprühmischer) wurden 40,9 GT Natriumperborat-monohydrat (mittlere Korngröße 0,4 mm, Schüttgewicht 550 g/l) mit 46,5 GT der sprühgetrockneten Komponente (B) während 2 Minuten vorgemischt. Die Temperatur des trockenen Gemisches betrug 28 °C. Anschließend wurden 12,6 GT eines auf 50 °C erwärmten Gemisches aus Cocosalkohol + 3 EO und Talgalkohol + 5 EO (Mischungsverhältnis 1 : 4) auf das weiterhin bewegte Korngemisch innerhalb von 1,5 Minuten aufgesprüht und das Mischen noch 2 Minuten fortgesetzt. Das dem Mischer entnommene, eine Temperatur von 33 °C aufweisende Gemisch war nach dem Abkühlen auf Raumtemperatur gut rieselfähig und wies ein Schüttgewicht von 700 g/l auf. Die Korngrößenverteilung war gegenüber dem Ausgangsmaterial praktisch unverändert. Im Gegensatz zu einem in gleicher Weise mit nichtionischem Tensid behandelten unverschnittenen Perboratmonohydrat war das Gemisch beim Erwärmen auf 38 bis 45 °C nicht selbstentzündlich.In a mixer equipped with rotating mixing elements (spray mixer), 40.9 pbw of sodium perborate monohydrate (average particle size 0.4 mm, bulk density 550 g / l) were premixed with 46.5 pbw of the spray-dried component (B) for 2 minutes. The temperature of the dry mixture was 28 ° C. Subsequently, 12.6 pbw of a mixture of coconut alcohol + 3 EO and tallow alcohol + 5 EO (mixing ratio 1: 4) heated to 50 ° C. were sprayed onto the still moving grain mixture within 1.5 minutes and the mixing continued for a further 2 minutes. The mixture removed from the mixer and having a temperature of 33 ° C. was free-flowing after cooling to room temperature and had a bulk density of 700 g / l. The grain size distribution was practically unchanged compared to the starting material. In contrast to an unblended perborate monohydrate treated in the same way with nonionic surfactant, the mixture was not self-igniting when heated to 38 to 45 ° C.

Zur Bestimmung des Rieselverhaltens wurde 1 Liter des Pulvers in einem an seiner Auslauföffnung verschlossenen Trichter mit folgenden Abmessungen gefüllt. Durchmesser der oberen Öffnung 150 mm Durchmesser der unteren Öffnung 10 mm Höhe des konischen Trichterbereiches 230 mm Höhe des unten angesetzten zylindrischen Bereiches 20 mm Neigungswinkel des konischen Bereiches 73 ° To determine the flow behavior, 1 liter of the powder was filled in a funnel closed at its outlet opening with the following dimensions. Diameter of the top opening 150 mm Diameter of the lower opening 10 mm Height of the conical funnel area 230 mm Height of the cylindrical area below 20 mm Inclination angle of the conical area 73 °

Als Vergleichssubstanz wurde trockener Seesand mit folgendem Kornspektrum gewählt: mm über 1,5 bis 0,8 bis 0,4 bis 0,2 bis 0,1 Gew.-% 0,2 11,9 54,7 30,1 3,1 Dry sea sand with the following grain spectrum was chosen as the reference substance: mm over 1.5 to 0.8 to 0.4 up to 0.2 to 0.1 % By weight 0.2 11.9 54.7 30.1 3.1

Die Auslaufzeit des trockenen Sandes nach Freigabe der Ausflußöffnung wurde mit 100 % angesetzt. Die Rieselfähigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Produkte in %, bezogen auf diesen 100 %-Wert, angegeben. Werte über 75 % gelten als sehr gut.The run-out time of the dry sand after opening the outflow opening was set at 100%. The free-flowing properties of the products according to the invention are given in%, based on this 100% value. Values above 75% are considered very good.

In einer weiteren Versuchsreihe wurde das Einspülverhalten untersucht, wobei Bedingungen simuliert wurden, die einer unter kritischen Bedingungen betriebenen Einspülvorrichtung einer Haushaltswaschmaschine entsprechen. In die Versuchsvorrichtung (ZANUSSI-Einspülrinne) wurde jeweils 100 g Produkt eingegeben und nach einer Ruhezeit von 1 Minute wurden innerhalb von 90 Sekunden 10 Liter Leitungswasser eingespeist. Nach Einspülen von 10 Liter wurden die verbleibenden Rückstände in nassem Zustand zurückgewogen und 30 % des Gewichtes als Wasser rechnerisch abgezogen. Für das Einspülverhalten wurden folgende Bewertungen vergeben:

A =
vollständiges Einspülen (die Zahl gibt die benötigten Liter Wasser an),
B =
Rückstand weniger als 10 g (die Zahl gibt die Rückstandsmenge in g an),
C =
mehr als 10 g Rückstand (mit Angabe des Rückstandes in g).
A- und B-Werte sind für die Praxis sehr gut bis befriedigend. C-Werte bezeichnen ein unzureichendes Einspülverhalten.In a further series of experiments, the washing-in behavior was investigated, conditions being simulated which correspond to a washing-in device of a household washing machine operated under critical conditions. In each case, 100 g of product were introduced into the test device (ZANUSSI induction channel) and, after a rest period of 1 minute, 10 liters of tap water were fed in within 90 seconds. After flushing in 10 liters, the remaining residues were weighed out while wet and 30% of the weight was calculated as water deducted. The following ratings were assigned for the induction behavior:
A =
complete rinsing (the number indicates the liters of water required),
B =
Residue less than 10 g (the number indicates the amount of residue in g),
C =
more than 10 g of residue (stating the residue in g).
A and B values are very good to satisfactory in practice. C values indicate inadequate induction behavior.

Es wurden 2 Versuchsreihen durchgeführt und zwar (I) mit dem Waschmitteladditiv ohne Zusatz eines Waschmittels sowie (II) eines Gemisches aus 25 Teilen des Waschmitteladditivs und 75 Teilen eines Waschmittels, bestehend aus 50 Teilen Turmsprühpulver und 25 Teilen an weiteren granularen Bestandteilen, enthaltend Entschäumer, Enzyme, Duftstoffe und Bleichaktivatoren.Two test series were carried out, namely (I) with the detergent additive without the addition of a detergent and (II) a mixture of 25 parts of the detergent additive and 75 parts of a detergent, consisting of 50 parts of tower spray powder and 25 parts of other granular constituents, containing defoamers, Enzymes, fragrances and bleach activators.

Das Turmsprühpulver wies die folgende Zusammensetzung auf (in Gew.-%):
   17,6 % n-Dodecylbenzolsulfonat (Na-Salz)
   2,5 % Talgseife (Na-Salz)
   4,0 % Talgalkohol + 14 EO
   20,5 % Zeolith NaA (wasserfrei gerechnet)
   15,0 % Soda
   5,0 % Copolymerisat (b)
   0,5 % Na-Hydroxyethan-disphosphonat
   3,0 % Natriumsilikat 1 : 3,3
   1,6 % Carboxymethylcellulose
   18,0 % Natriumsulfat
   12,3 % Wasser
Der Rieseltest ergab einen Wert von 79 %, bezogen auf trockenen Sand für das Waschmitteladditiv (I) und 81 % für das komplettierte Waschmittelgemisch (II). Die Einspülnoten betrugen B2 für das Waschmitteladditiv (I) und A8 für das komplettierte Waschmittelgemisch (II).
The tower spray powder had the following composition (in% by weight):
17.6% n-dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Na salt)
2.5% tallow soap (Na salt)
4.0% tallow alcohol + 14 EO
20.5% zeolite NaA (calculated anhydrous)
15.0% soda
5.0% copolymer (b)
0.5% Na hydroxyethane disphosphonate
3.0% sodium silicate 1: 3.3
1.6% carboxymethyl cellulose
18.0% sodium sulfate
12.3% water
The trickle test gave a value of 79%, based on dry sand for the detergent additive (I) and 81% for the completed detergent mixture (II). The wash-in grades were B2 for the detergent additive (I) and A8 for the completed detergent mixture (II).

Zum Vergleich wurde ein Basispulver verwendet, bestehend aus (Angabe in Gewichtsteilen):
   8,5 T Natriumperborat-monohydrat
   2,24 T Natriumsulfat (wasserfrei)
   10,0 T Zeolith (20 % Wassergehalt)
Der Zeolith war pulverförmig und entsprach dem Produkt HAB 40 gemäß den Angaben in EP-A 168 102. Vom Beispiel 1 unterscheidet sich die obige Rezeptur dadurch, daß das Tripolyphosphat (7 T) durch Zeolith ersetzt wurde.
For comparison, a base powder was used, consisting of (specified in parts by weight):
8.5 T sodium perborate monohydrate
2.24 T sodium sulfate (anhydrous)
10.0 T zeolite (20% water content)
The zeolite was in powder form and corresponded to the product HAB 40 according to the information in EP-A 168 102. The above recipe differs from example 1 in that the tripolyphosphate (7 T) has been replaced by zeolite.

Nach dem Homogenisieren des Pulvers wurden, wie in dem zitierten Beispiel beschrieben 4 T nichtionisches Tensid (C₁₂₋₁₅-Oxoalkohol + 7EO) und 1 T Wasser im Sprühmischer aufgesprüht. Das gebildete Granulat erwies sich als leicht klebend und ergab bei der Bestimmung der Rieselfähigkeit einen Wert von unter 65 %, weshalb auf das Zumischen des Turmsprühpulvers verzichtet wurde.After homogenizing the powder, 4 T nonionic surfactant (C₁₂₋₁₅ oxo alcohol + 7EO) and 1 T water were sprayed on in a spray mixer, as described in the example cited. The granules formed proved to be slightly tacky and gave a value of less than 65% when determining the pourability, which is why the tower spray powder was not added.

Claims (7)

  1. A granular phosphate-free detergent additive containing
    (A) 10 to 70% by weight of sodium perborate monohydrate with an average particle size of 0.2 to 1.2 mm,
    (B) 25 to 80% by weight of a granular salt mixture with an average particle size of 0.2 to 1.2 mm of which at least 75% by weight is inorganic and free from peroxygen and which (based on anhydrous substance in component B) contains 45 to 75% by weight of synthetic finely crystalline zeolite, 0 to 30% by weight of sodium sulfate and 1 to 12% by weight of salts of homopolymeric or copolymeric carboxylic acids,
    (C) 5 to 30% by weight of nonionic surfactants bound to the granular components (A) and (B).
  2. A detergent additive as claimed in claim 1 in which the fraction with a particle size below 0.05 mm is less than 1% by weight and preferably less than 0.1% by weight, the fraction with a particle size below 0.1 mm is less than 2% by weight and preferably less than 1% by weight, the fraction with a particle size above 2 mm is less than 5% by weight and preferably less than 1% by weight and the fraction with a particle size above 1.2 mm is less than 10% by weight and preferably less than 5% by weight.
  3. A detergent additive as claimed in claims 1 and 2 containing 20 to 60% by weight and more particularly 30 to 50% by weight of component (A), 35 to 70% by weight and more particularly 40 to 60% by weight of component (B) and 7 to 20% by weight and more particularly 10 to 15% by weight of component (C).
  4. A detergent additive as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 4 in which the sodium perborate monohydrate used has an apparent density of 450 to 650 g/l and preferably 500 to 600 g/l.
  5. A detergent additive as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 5 in which 45 to 75% by weight (based on anhydrous substance) of component (B) consists of synthetic fine-particle zeolite containing bound water, 0 to 30% by weight of sodium sulfate, 1.5 to 8% by weight of homopolymeric or copolymeric polycarboxylic acids (expressed as sodium salt) and 1.0 to 6% by weight of a water-soluble soap derived from C₁₀₋₂₄ fatty acids and also bound water.
  6. A process for the production of the detergent additive claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a homogeneous dry mixture of components (A) and (B) is sprayed and at the same time mixed with a liquid component (B) or with a component (B) liquefied by heating.
  7. A powder-form to granular, phosphate-free to low-phosphate detergent characterized by a content of the detergent additive claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 5.
EP90906974A 1989-05-22 1990-05-14 Granular, phosphate-free additive for detergents, containing non-ionic tensides Expired - Lifetime EP0473622B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3916629A DE3916629A1 (en) 1989-05-22 1989-05-22 GRANULAR, NON-TENSIDE-CONTAINING DETERGENT ADDITIVE
DE3916629 1989-05-22
PCT/EP1990/000776 WO1990014412A1 (en) 1989-05-22 1990-05-14 Granular, phosphate-free additive for detergents, containing non-ionic tensides

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0473622A1 EP0473622A1 (en) 1992-03-11
EP0473622B1 true EP0473622B1 (en) 1994-06-29

Family

ID=6381153

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90906974A Expired - Lifetime EP0473622B1 (en) 1989-05-22 1990-05-14 Granular, phosphate-free additive for detergents, containing non-ionic tensides

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0473622B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE107957T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3916629A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2055910T3 (en)
PT (1) PT94102A (en)
WO (1) WO1990014412A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4209435A1 (en) * 1992-03-24 1993-09-30 Henkel Kgaa Granular, non-ionic surfactants containing, phosphate-free additive for detergents and cleaners
DE4229660A1 (en) * 1992-09-04 1994-03-10 Henkel Kgaa Washing and cleaning agents with builders
US6551983B1 (en) 1998-11-07 2003-04-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Bleach-containing detergent composition
GB2343457A (en) * 1998-11-07 2000-05-10 Procter & Gamble Bleach containing detergent composition
IT201700035338A1 (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-09-30 Bio On Spa COSMETIC COMPOSITION INCLUDING A BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTER AND AN OLEOUS PHASE.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8412537D0 (en) * 1984-05-17 1984-06-20 Unilever Plc Detergent powder compositions
DE3424987A1 (en) * 1984-07-06 1986-02-06 Unilever N.V., Rotterdam METHOD FOR PRODUCING A POWDERED DETERGENT WITH INCREASED SHOULDER WEIGHT
EP0296813A1 (en) * 1987-06-24 1988-12-28 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Powder compositions and detergent compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3916629A1 (en) 1990-11-29
EP0473622A1 (en) 1992-03-11
PT94102A (en) 1991-01-08
DE59006321D1 (en) 1994-08-04
ATE107957T1 (en) 1994-07-15
WO1990014412A1 (en) 1990-11-29
ES2055910T3 (en) 1994-09-01

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