EP0465685A1 - Drilling head of a horizontal drilling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A drilling head of a horizontal heading machine comprises a hollow cylinder (1) as a drilling-head outer casing, the front end of which has a rotationally driven tool disc (5) with an aperture (14) into which a scraping blade (15) is inserted. Attached to a cylinder base is a discharge line (33, 33') for excavated borings and also a pressure-medium feed (32) for the removal of the borings. Tool disc and cylinder base are arranged so as to bear coaxially against one another in such a way that the tool disc (5) rotates on the fixed cylinder base (2). Concentric grooves corresponding with one another are formed in common bearing faces of tool disc and cylinder base in such a way that they form an annular chamber (13) into which the aperture (14) in the tool disc and also the pressure-medium feed (32) lead and from which at least one discharge line (33) leads, an orifice being arranged at in each case one of the end faces of a filling portion (22) which has the shape of a curved cylinder and, arranged at the cylinder base, completely fills a section of predetermined length of the annular chamber (13). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a drill head of a horizontal tunneling machine, in particular for the construction of a tunnel in the inaccessible diameter range, comprising a hollow cylinder forming the outer casing of the drill head, on the end face of which a rotary tool disk is arranged, which has an opening, into which a peeling knife is inserted and which has a cylinder base to which at least one discharge line for removed drill material is connected, and a pressure medium supply for the removal of drill material.

A drill head of the aforementioned type is described in the unpublished patent application P 37 06 755.9.

In the case of horizontal driving, the drill head is driven by a starting excavation and a rod guiding the drill head is inserted according to the depth of penetration until the drill head has reached a target excavation. The resulting removed drilling material is transported back to the starting pit through discharge pipes running in the rod. In the case of the drilling head mentioned above, the removal is carried out by pressure medium which presses the plug formed from the removed drilling material through the discharge line according to the pneumatic tube principle. In order to achieve the necessary breakdown of the strand of removed drilling material that is produced when the tool disk rotates into conveyable plugs, the drilling material is pressed into a receiving chamber located in the drill head, which is sealed at intervals like a sluice and can then be placed under pressure with pressure medium. The contents can thus be pressed off as a plug from the sealed receiving chamber. In the drilling head described above, the receiving chamber is sealed by an arrangement specially designed for this purpose on the tool disk. Depending on a certain rotational position of the tool disk, the receiving chamber is sealed by such an arrangement. As a result, the tool disc must not continue to rotate while a plug is being pushed out of the receiving chamber. As a result, the tool disk that actually drills during the advance through the soil works discontinuously with continually repeated start-ups and corresponding braking. It has been shown that such a discontinuous operation adversely affects the performance of a boring machine equipped with a drilling head as described above.

The invention has for its object to improve a drill head of the type mentioned in terms of the performance of drilling material removal.

This object is achieved in that the tool disc and cylinder base are arranged coaxially adjacent to one another in such a way that the tool disc rotates on the fixed cylinder base and that corresponding, concentric grooves are formed in the common contact surfaces of the tool disc and cylinder base so that they are at the Form the cylindrical bottom of the tool disc lying in an annular chamber, into which the opening in the tool disc and the pressure medium supply opens and from which at least one discharge line for the drilling material opens, a mouth being arranged on each of the end faces of a filling having the shape of a curved cylinder, which, arranged on the cylinder bottom, completely fills a section of predetermined length of the annular chamber.

During the rotary movement of the tool disc, the peeling knife peels off the drilling material which enters the ring chamber through the opening. The formation of the annular chamber by grooves which run in the rotating tool disk and the fixed cylinder base has the advantage that a wall area, namely the wall area of the annular chamber assigned to the rotating tool disk, is moved, as a result of which the drill material located in the annular chamber due to the friction between the moving wall and the material to be drilled is at least partially conveyed to the outlet of the discharge line from the annular chamber.

The filling of the ring chamber is molded onto the fixed cylinder base. However, it can also be an attached part. The filling can fill the annular chamber in a predetermined angular range, for example 120. After a full rotation of the tool disk, the breakthrough located in it also reaches the area of the filling, as a result of which the breakthrough is then sealed. The ring chamber filled with drill material can be pressurized with pressure medium in this rotational position of the tool disk, as a result of which the drill material is pressed out of the ring chamber, specifically by the discharge pipe discharge into the ring chamber. The tool disk can advantageously continue to move until the end of the filling is reached. In the meantime, the pressure medium supply has been interrupted, so that drilling material can enter the now empty ring chamber again. Since the tool disk also rotates while the opening located therein is sealed by the filling of the annular chamber, the peeling knife continues to remove drilling material which is deposited in the opening in the tool disk. This drilling material in the breakthrough seals the opening edges of the through also breaks off from the filling, resulting in the advantage that no special sealing elements are necessary. The metallic seal between the opening edges of the opening and the surface of the filling is sufficient.

Conveniently, outlets of discharge lines are arranged on each of the end faces of the filling. This measure has the advantage that the drill head can work in both directions of rotation of the tool disk, since each of the outlets of a respective discharge line can either serve to discharge drill material from the annular chamber and the other outlet can then be used to supply pressure medium into the annular chamber.

During the continuous rotation of the tool disk, the annular chamber is emptied at intervals, the emptying process being generated by the length of the annular chamber predetermined plugs that can be removed according to the pneumatic tube principle. The length of the filling, which forms a segment closing the annular chamber, is decisive for the time available for pressing the drill material out of the annular chamber, the speed of rotation of the tool disk likewise being a decisive factor.

The drill head is further characterized in that an actuatable shut-off element is inserted in each discharge line, and that a pressure medium supply line opens in front of and behind each shut-off element in each of the discharge lines, with an actuatable pressure medium valve being inserted immediately before its junctions in each pressure medium supply line.

This arrangement has the advantage that a simple control that can be operated automatically as a function of the rotational position of the tool disk can be used for the shut-off elements and the pressure medium valves. In relation to the direction of rotation of the tool disk, a shut-off device in the respectively assigned discharge line is opened as soon as the tool disk has reached a rotational position in which the opening arranged in it is sealed by the filling of the annular chamber. Simultaneously or shortly thereafter, a pressure medium valve, based on the outlets into the annular chamber in front of the shut-off device in the second discharge line, is opened, so that pressure medium flows into the second discharge line, enters the annular chamber and the drilling material located therein also flows through the mouth of the first discharge line pushes the open shut-off device out of the annular chamber. When the tool disk has reached a rotational position at which its breakthrough leaves the sealing area of the filling, the shut-off device in the first discharge line is closed shortly before and the pressure medium supply to the second discharge line is interrupted. Now the plug of drilling material located behind the shut-off device in the first discharge line is conveyed further through the discharge line by opening a pressure medium valve located in the first discharge line behind the shut-off device, which conveys the plug back to the starting pit in a manner known per se .

The described valve control process can be continuously and automatically controlled while the drill head is being driven with the tool disk rotating.

A further embodiment of the drilling head provides that the hollow cylinder is extended forward beyond the plane of the tool disk and that the tool disk carries a protruding central pin on which an outer drilling disk is arranged. When the drill head is propelled, the outer drilling disk first removes drilling material which enters the cavity which exists between the drilling disk and the tool disk and which is delimited on the inside by the central pin and on the outside by the extension of the hollow cylinder. This cavity can be used as a mixing chamber for removed drilling material, which can facilitate the removal of the drilling material back to the starting pit in difficult soil conditions. It is expediently provided that the cavity located between the drilling disk and the tool disk is assigned elements for introducing flowable agents which can be admixed with the drilling material. Water is preferably used as the flow agent, which gives the pulp in the mixing chamber a slurry-like mixture which can be more easily removed. The configuration is such that the inner surface of the drilling disk facing the tool disk has a plurality of fluid outlet openings which can be acted upon with flux through a fluid line running through the central pin. Plasticizers, such as water, can be easily pushed through the linkage from the starting pit to the drill head. Such arrangements for the supply of rinse water are already known in horizontal tunneling machines.

In order that the drill head according to the invention can also remove drillings in both directions of rotation, according to another further development it is provided that the peeling knife is designed as a sliding body which is placed on the front of the tool disk and covers the breakthrough and which has the shape of a circular ring segment, the end sides of which have recessed openings , each in the interior of the molded body a transition to the breakthrough in the tool holder be forming curved course. This measure has the advantage that the openings which are let in in each case, with the curved course of the transition to the opening, make the full cross section of the opening usable for the entry of drilling material in every sliding position of the shaped body. A certain sliding position of the sliding body is provided for each direction of rotation, which is automatically set in the drilling head according to the invention when the direction of rotation of the cutter disc changes.

The edges of the openings in the sliding body are preferably designed as cutting edges, which makes it easier to peel off the drill material to be cleared.

In order to fix the sliding position of the sliding body required in the respective direction of rotation of the tool disk, in which the full cross section of the openings in the sliding body corresponds to the full cross section of the opening in the tool disk, stops which limit the displacement of the sliding body are provided, which are simple on the tool disk, for example Projections can be arranged.

Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that the outlet-side ends of the discharge lines for drilling material are connected to a sealed receptacle which has a vent valve which can be set to a predetermined excess pressure in the receptacle. As a result, the drilling head and thus also the tunneling machine can work groundwater-proof, since the entire system can be kept directly up to the annular chamber under an overpressure which can be predetermined by the vent valve and is prevented by the penetration of groundwater.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Bohrkopfes im Halbschnitt,
• Fig. 2 eine schematische Ansicht der Werkzeugscheibe im Halbschnitt mit daran angeordnetem Schälmesser,
• Fig. 3 eine schematische Ansicht der Werkzeugscheibe gemäß Fig. 2 ohne Schälmesser,
• Fig. 4 eine schematische Ansicht des feststehenden Zylinderbodens, an dem sich die darüber in Fig. 3 gezeigte Werkzeugscheibe dreht,
• Fig. 5 eine Rückansicht des in Fig. 4 dargestellten Zylinderbodens und
• Fig. 6 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Vortriebsmaschine mit erfindungsgemäßem Bohrkopf im Schnitt.
• In Fig. 1 ist ein Bohrkopf schematisch in einer halbgeschnittenen Seitenansicht dargestellt. Der Bohrkopf besteht aus einem am vorderen freien Ende eines hier nicht weiter dargestellten Vortriebsgestänges befindlichen Hohlzylinders 1, der durch einen feststehenden Zylinderboden 2 verschlossen ist. Der Zylinderboden 2 weist im Zentrum eine Lagerung für eine Welle 3 auf, die in einen vorstehenden Zentralzapfen 4 ausläuft. Mit der Welle ist eine Werkzeugscheibe 5 über einen Keil 6 drehfest verbunden.

An embodiment of the invention, from which further inventive features result, is shown in the drawing. Show it:

• 1 is a schematic side view of a drill head in half section,
• 2 shows a schematic view of the tool disk in half section with a peeling knife arranged thereon,
• 3 shows a schematic view of the tool disk according to FIG. 2 without a peeling knife,
• 4 shows a schematic view of the fixed cylinder base on which the tool disk shown above in FIG. 3 rotates,
• Fig. 5 is a rear view of the cylinder bottom shown in Fig. 4 and
• Fig. 6 is a schematic side view of a tunneling machine with a drill head according to the invention in section.
• In Fig. 1, a drill head is shown schematically in a half-sectioned side view. The drill head consists of a hollow cylinder 1 located at the front free end of a jacking rod, not shown here, which is closed by a fixed cylinder base 2. The cylinder base 2 has a bearing for a shaft 3 in the center, which ends in a protruding central pin 4. A tool disk 5 is connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner via a wedge 6.

Cylinder base 2 and tool disc 5 are circular and have a machined, common contact surface 7, so that the tool disc 5 and cylinder base 7 are arranged coaxially adjacent to one another such that the tool disc rotates on the fixed cylinder base. Annular sealing elements 8 and 9 are provided for sealing.

Corresponding concentric grooves 11 and 12 are formed in the common contact surfaces 7 of the tool disk 5 and the cylinder base 2, which, as indicated here, form an annular chamber 13 when the tool disc 5 is in contact with the cylinder base 2. With 14 an opening in the tool disc 5 is referred to, which opens into the annular chamber 13. The tool disk also carries a peeling knife 15, which is only schematically indicated here and which is arranged in front of the opening 14. Drilling material is removed with the peeling knife when the tool disk is rotating and pressed through the opening 14 into the annular chamber 13.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the tool disk 5 in half section, the central pin 4 shown in FIG. 1 being omitted for the purpose of illustration. The groove formed in the contact surface 7 of the tool disk 5 is again designated by 12. It can be seen how the opening 14 located in the tool disk opens into the annular groove 12.

The peeling knife 15 is designed as a sliding body 17 which is placed on the front of the tool disk and covers the opening 14 and can be pushed back and forth in the direction of the double arrow 16 parallel to the circumference of the tool disk. Every movement is caused by a reversal of the direction of rotation of the tool disc. The sliding body has the shape of a circular ring segment, the end sides of which have recessed openings 18, 19, each of which has a curved course forming the transition to the opening 14 in the interior of the sliding body 17, as can be seen from the partial section through the sliding body shown here. In the illustrated embodiment, the sliding body 16 is pressed against a stop 20 limiting the displacement path, so that the opening 19 with the opening 14 is correct funded. If the direction of rotation were reversed, the sliding body 17 would be pressed against the second stop 20 ', the opening 18 then corresponding to the opening 14.

The edges 21 and 21 'of the openings 18 and 19 in the sliding body 17, which is not shown here, are expediently designed as cutting edges.

FIG. 3 again shows a schematic view of a half-cut tool disk corresponding to FIG. 2, but without a peeling knife 15 designed as a sliding body 17. The same components are identified by the same reference numbers.

3 shows a schematic view of the cylinder base 2 as FIG. 4 in order to clarify that the tool disc 5 and cylinder base 2, as indicated in FIG. 1, are placed one on top of the other, the tool disc 5 being opposite the fixed cylinder base 2 the common central axis rotates.

Fig. 4 shows that on the cylinder base 2 a filling having the shape of a curved cylinder is arranged, which completely fills a section of predetermined length of the groove 11 and thus also the annular chamber 13 formed by the grooves 11 and 12 when the tool disc 5th abuts the cylinder bottom, as indicated in Fig. 1.

Each end face of the filler 22 has an opening, which serves as a mouth 23 or 23 'of a discharge line for the drill material, or as a pressure medium supply line. For example, the orifice 23 can be used as a pressure medium supply line, the orifice 23 'then simultaneously serving to discharge the drill material. The orifices 23 and 23 'are the open ends of channels 24 and 24' which run in an arc within the filling 22 and the cylinder base 2 and are shown here by dashed lines. At the rear of the cylinder base 2 there are connecting pieces 25 and 25 'as a continuation of the arcuate curved channels 24 and 24'. Fig. 5 shows the arrangement of these connecting pieces 25 and 25 'on the back of the cylinder bottom. A corresponding connecting piece is also designated by 25 in FIG. 1.

Any discharge lines that run back through a linkage of a tunneling machine (not shown) to the starting pit can be connected to the connecting pieces 25 or 25 '. Depending on the direction of rotation of the tool disc, one of the connecting pieces is used as a pressure medium supply line, while the other connecting piece is used to remove drillings.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of a tunneling machine with a drill head according to the invention, which differs from the previously described embodiment in that the hollow cylinder is extended forward beyond the plane of the tool disc 5. This extension is designated 26. The central pin is designated 4 'here. An outer drilling disk 27 is arranged at the free end of the central pin. The cavity 28 located between the drilling disk and the tool disk 5 forms a mixing chamber for the incoming drilling material and has elements for introducing flow agent which can be admixed with the drilling material. For this purpose, the inner surface 29 of the drilling disc 27 facing the tool disc 5 has a plurality of fluid outlet openings 30 which can be acted upon with flux, preferably pressurized water, via a fluid line 31 running through the central pin 4 '.

A pressure medium supply line is designated 32. The discharge lines for the removal of drillings are designated 33 and 33 '. Each of the discharge lines is connected to a connecting piece 25 or 25 '(FIG. 5), which are located on the rear of the cylinder base 2. Drilling material located in the cavity 28 between the drilling disc 27 and the tool disc 5 passes through the opening 14, as described above, into the annular chamber 13. The annular chamber is completely filled with drilling material until the tool disc 5 has reached a rotational position at which its opening 14 located above the fill 22 (see FIGS. 3 and 4). The breakthrough is thereby sealed. Should, e.g. with a corresponding direction of rotation, the discharge line 33 are used to remove overburden, the shut-off element 34 located in the discharge line 33 is opened immediately when the above-described rotational position is reached. The shut-off device 34 'located in the second discharge line 33' remains closed. If the shut-off device 34 is open, a primary valve 35 serving to supply the pressure medium is opened, so that compressed air present in the pressure medium supply line 32 can flow into the annular chamber 13 and press the drill material therein out of the annular chamber until the opened shut-off device 34 has passed. The further pressure medium supply via the primary valve 35 is then stopped. The shut-off device 34 is then closed again and compressed air is now introduced into the discharge line 33 by opening the secondary valve 36, so that the plug of drill material which has just passed the shut-off device 34 can now be fed through the discharge line 33 to a receptacle 37 located in the starting excavation pit.

In the opposite direction of rotation of the tool disk, the process described above takes place accordingly, in which case the discharge can also take place via the discharge line 33 '.

The receptacle 37 is you on all sides ter pressure vessel formed and has an adjustable vent valve 38, whereby the tunneling machine, in particular the drill head, works groundwater-proof, since the entire system can be kept under a predetermined pressure.

Claims (10)

1.Bore head of a horizontal boring machine, in particular for line tunnel construction in the inaccessible diameter range, comprising a hollow cylinder forming the outer casing of the drill head, on the end face of which a rotary tool disk is arranged which has an opening, into which a peeling knife is inserted and which has a cylinder base has, to which at least one discharge line for removed drilling material is connected, and a pressure medium supply for the removal of drilling material,
characterized,
that the tool disc (5) and the cylinder base (2) are arranged coaxially adjacent to one another such that the tool disc (5) rotates on the fixed cylinder base (2) and that in the common contact surfaces (7) of the tool disc (5) and the cylinder base (2) Corresponding concentric grooves (11, 12) are formed in such a way that they form an annular chamber (13) in the tool disc (5) lying on the cylinder base (2), into which the opening (14) in the tool disc (5) and the pressure medium supply opens and out of the at least one discharge line (33, 33 ') for the drilling material, an opening (23, 23') being arranged on each of the end faces of a filling (22) having the shape of a curved cylinder, which, on which Cylinder base (2) arranged, a section of predetermined length of the annular chamber (13) completely fills. 2. Drilling head according to claim 1, characterized in that two discharge lines (33, 33 ') are provided, each of which opens out at one of the end faces of the filling (22) and via an associated one at the rear of the cylinder base (2) located connecting piece (25, 25 ') runs. 3. Drilling head according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that an actuatable shut-off element (34, 34 ') is inserted in each discharge line (33, 33'), and that pressure medium supply lines (32) in front of and behind each shut-off element (34, 34 ') open into each of the discharge lines (33, 33'), with an actuatable pressure medium valve (primary valve 35; secondary valve 36) being inserted into each pressure medium supply line immediately before its openings. 4. Drilling head according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow cylinder (1) on the plane of the tool disc (5) is extended forward and that the tool disc (5) carries a protruding central pin (4 ') on which one outer drilling disc (27) is arranged. 5. Drilling head according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity (28) located between the drilling disc (27) and the tool disc (5) is assigned elements for introducing flowable material which can be admixed with the drilling material. 6. Drilling head according to claim 5, characterized in that the inner surface (29) of the drilling disc (27) facing the tool disc (5) has a plurality of fluid outlet openings (30) which run through a fluid line (31) through the central pin (4 ') Solvents can be applied. 7. Drilling head according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peeling knife (15) is designed as a sliding body (17), which has the shape of a circular ring segment, as a set on the front of the tool disk (5) and covers the opening (14). the end sides of which have embedded openings (18, 19), each of which has a curved course forming the transition to the opening (14) in the interior of the sliding body (17). 8. Drilling head according to claim 7, characterized in that the edges (21, 21 ') of the openings (18, 19) in the sliding body (17) are designed as cutting edges. 9. Drilling head according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the displacement path of the sliding body (17) limiting stops (20, 20 ') are provided. 10. Drilling head according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet-side ends of the discharge lines (33, 33 ') for drilling material are connected to a sealed receptacle (37) which has a vent valve (38) adjustable to a predetermined excess pressure in the receptacle (37) ) having.

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