EP0463131A1 - Procede et dispositif de combustion d'ebauches d'electrodes en passage continu - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de combustion d'ebauches d'electrodes en passage continu

Info

Publication number
EP0463131A1
EP0463131A1 EP91901397A EP91901397A EP0463131A1 EP 0463131 A1 EP0463131 A1 EP 0463131A1 EP 91901397 A EP91901397 A EP 91901397A EP 91901397 A EP91901397 A EP 91901397A EP 0463131 A1 EP0463131 A1 EP 0463131A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot gas
blanks
burning
blank
grate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91901397A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Horst J. Feist
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Graftech Technology LLC
Original Assignee
Ucar Carbon Technology Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19893941466 external-priority patent/DE3941466A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19893941467 external-priority patent/DE3941467A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19893941465 external-priority patent/DE3941465A1/de
Application filed by Ucar Carbon Technology Corp filed Critical Ucar Carbon Technology Corp
Publication of EP0463131A1 publication Critical patent/EP0463131A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/38—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
    • C04B35/532—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F27B9/045—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/28—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity for treating continuous lengths of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/3005—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases
    • F27B9/3011—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases arrangements for circulating gases transversally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/40—Arrangements of controlling or monitoring devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/22—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on rails, e.g. under the action of scrapers or pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
    • F27M2001/00—Composition, conformation or state of the charge
    • F27M2001/04—Carbon-containing material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for burning blanks in th continuous passage of a burning section by having a substan tially oxygen-free hot gas flow around the same and which i supplied as a function of the combustion temperature in do ⁇ sed manner along the burning or combustion section and is returned to the heating means as spent or waste hot gas and accompanied by the combustion of the combustible charge ta ⁇ ken up on the burning section and accompanied by air and fu el supply heating occurs and it is worked up to form a sub ⁇ stantially oxygen-free, fresh hot gas, in that the air sup ⁇ ply for the combustion is regulated as a function of the oxygen content of the fresh hot gas to a stoichiometric, mi nimum desired value and then the fresh hot gas is again sup plied to the combustion section and the flow of hot gas through said section is segmentally regulated as a function of the hot gas temperature in the particular segment in ac ⁇ cordance with predetermined desired values and an apparatus using said process.
  • blanks is here understood to mean in particular electrode blanks intended for graphitization, which contain carbon in the form of petroleum coke, metallurgical coke, graphite, etc., with a binder which, as e.g. in the case of pitch, becomes volatile in the presence of heat and whose volatile constituents are combustible.
  • the hot gas takes up volatile constituents, as e.g. pitch, as the charge and the latter is then con-comitantly burnt during reheating, which saves fuel. Charging of the environment will be reduced due to the fact that spent or waste hot gas will not be blown untreated into the open air.
  • the fuel supply can be controlled as a function of the fresh hot gas temperature. However, this requires the supply of energy in excess to ensure that the needs are met at all times.
  • the problem of the in ⁇ vention is to better adapt the fuel supply to needs.
  • the fuel supply is controlled in accordance with the needs established in the individual combustion segments and which is expressed by the temperature there and this oc ⁇ curs in an optimum updated manner, without a significant ad ⁇ ditional expenditure being required.
  • the computer provided can be used to facilitate operation and control in other ways, in that the actual and desired values of process quantities and/or other measured values are centrally stored and prepared to provide an updated, historical, trend-caused or malfunction-caused indication and/or control quantity.
  • the indication or display can take place in tabular form, but preferably within a stylized displayed picture of a plant for performing the process, the values in question being di ⁇ splayed at the spatially associated point of the plant pic ⁇ ture or image.
  • Such a central computer can also be used for centrally con ⁇ trolling in the preset details of the desired values for the process quantities.
  • Such a central controlling in can be provided alongside a local controlling in possibility posi ⁇ tioned at the location of the particular control unit.
  • the fresh hot gas is substantially oxygen-free. Account can be taken of this during combustion, in that the air supply during combustion is correspondignly stoichiome- trically adjusted. If the consumed hot gases are charged with combustzible fractions, e.g. binder fractions, the com bustion not only takes place in the original flame supplied by fuel from the outside, but following on to the same, so that a volume combustion occurs, where the remaining hot ga charge is burnt. In order to maintain this volume combustion, it is necessary to have oxygen and maintain a specific minimum temperature, which can be produced by an external enclosure or insulation.
  • combustzible fractions e.g. binder fractions
  • An optimum solution of this problem is characterized in that a complete stoichiometric combustion of the supplied fuel, including the charge which has taken up the old hot gas, and an oxygen-free, fresh hot gas is controlled, in that a first supply takes place in a stoichiometrically predetermined dependence on the fuel supply in the new flame area for hea ⁇ ting purposes and in that a second air supply takes place as a function of the hot gas content of oxygen and/or incomple ⁇ tely burnt carbon compounds in a volume combustion area for ⁇ med immediately following on to the new flame area.
  • the second air supply is controlled as a function of the oxygen measurement, then it is advantageous that on excee ⁇ ding a predetermined tolerance quantity for the oxygen con ⁇ tent in the fresh hot gas and preferably in the case of a predetermined tolerance quantity of 0.3%, the second air supply is reduced.
  • oxygen can be supplied to the hot gas following on to the flame area in order to burn the excess oxygen.
  • the second air supply is regulated as afunction of the unburnt carbon compounds, then it is advantageous that on dropping below a predetermined tolerance quantity for the CO-content in the fesh hot gas and preferably at a predeter- mined tolerance quantity of 0.1%, for the second air supply to be reduced.
  • the hot gas let off into the open can be filtered in a filter, or purified in a combustion chamber or catalyst, so as to avoid unnecessary contamination of the atmosphere.
  • Air with its oxygen is only harmful if said oxygen reaches the blanks. However, this is not possible with this oxygen if it penetrates the returned spent or waste hot gas, becau se said oxygen is then burnt during the subsequent combusti on process before it can harmfully reach the blanks.
  • the fresh hot gas pro ⁇ portion which is blown off into the open is regulated as afunction of the pressure of the fresh hot gas upstream of the flow round the blanks.
  • this pressure provides valid information for the lowest pressure occuring in the critical area. If the pressure upstream of the flow round the blanks is kept at a predetermined value, it should be certain that throughput the critical area there is no drop below the desired minimum overpressure at any point.
  • a vacuum of -0.5 to -20 mm w.g., preferably -5 mm w.g. is maintained in that part of the hot gas circuit, in which the gas flows round the blanks and/or in that part of the hot gas circuit in which the waste hot gas is returned from the combustion pipe to the heating means.
  • the combustion section length it is desirable to maintain a predetermined temperature path or gradient in the hot gas flowing round the blanks. This is brought about by the segmental flow-through on the basis of predetermined, temperature-dependent desired values. However, preferably the individual segments communicate with one another.
  • This problem is solved in that distributed over the length of the combustion section there are several fresh hot gas flows to the blanks which can be individually regulated with regards to the throughput volume, that, based on the length of the combustion section, between in each case two inflow points there is an outflow line for the spent hot gas which is adjustable with regards to the throughput volume and that the regulation of the hot gas throughput of the fresh hot gas flows takes place as a function of the temperature mea ⁇ sured in the hot gas flow on the blank side facing the hot gas supply line opening.
  • the arrangement of the temperature measuring point on the opposite side of the blank ensures that the latter is not exposed to the direct temperature influence of the new in ⁇ flowing hot gas and instead of this an average temperature is measured wuch as occurs in the particular segment.
  • Such a segment need not necessarily extend to the two next adjacent discharge lines. It can in fact extent further, in that one or other discharge line is shut off or in that one or other supply line is supplied with particularly lager fresh hot gas quantities, which then have an influence on the flow direction in the adjacent segments.
  • the desired values for the control units essential for the fresh hot gas inflow can be set to empirical values for maintaining the sought temperature gradient, or can be con ⁇ stantly readjusted by the central computer. It is advanta ⁇ geous to provide for the outflow or discharge lines valves which, from the outset, are adjusted to empirical values and then require no furhter adjustment. In place of this the outflow side can be regulated with fixed settings on the in ⁇ flow side and finally the outflow and inflow sides can be regulated in combined manner. However, a linked control is then required, because otherwise overshooting errors could easily occur.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for burning blanks in continuous passage with an elongated, thermically insulated burning pipe, with an intake sluice at one end of the burning pipe and with a discharging sluice at the other end of the burning pipe for intake respectively discharge of blanks, with hot gas supply lines distributed over the length of the burning pipe and leading into said burning pipe, which lines are equipped with adjustable valves emana ⁇ ting from a hot gas collection supply line, with hot gas discharge lines distributed over the length of the burning pipe, which issue into a hot gas collective discharge line, with a burner equipped with a volume combustion chamber into which issues the hot gas collective discharge line and with a fuel supply line for the burner equipped with a valve.
  • control means controlling connected with the valve of the fuel supply line, that temperature sensors are provided, each of them controlling connected to one of said valves of the hot gas supply lines and located within the burning pipe near the issue of the belonging hot gas supply line, and that said temperature sensors also control said control means.
  • the addi tive becoming fluid such as a binder or the like, passes out of the blanks, drips downwards and contaminates the com bustion chamber or is evaporated by the hot gases and conse quently contaminates teh latter.
  • the problem of a further development of the invention is to avoid or at least reduce contaimations and losses by additi ves passing out during burning, such as binders or the like
  • this problem is solved in that upstream of the combustion chamber is placed a gastight sea lable preheating chamber, that the latter can be connected to lines for the supply and removal of hot gas, that in the preheating chamber is provided a grate for carrying the blanks and that below the grate in the preheating chamber i provided at least one collecting container for dripping or draining additives or similar deposits.
  • the first phase of the heating process takes place in the preheating chamber, int hat most of the additives which have become liquid pass out.
  • the temperature and residence time of the blanks in the preheating chamber can be easily adju ⁇ sted in such a way that deposits exclusively or at least mainly only pass out in the preheating chamber.
  • the preheating temperature can be kept so low from the outset, that the additive passing out substantially drips and does not evaporate.
  • Outwardly leading outflows for the collected additive can be provided for the collecting container or containers, said outflows appropriately being heated in accordance with the flow temperature of the additive.
  • the combustion chamber is an elongated burning pipe through which the blanks are forced in coaxial- ly succeeding, lined up manner
  • the outflow or outflows for the deposits collecting on the bottom are appropriately provided in said portion.
  • means for heating the grate are provided. Heating the grate ensures the no deposits adhere to it. The heated grate also leads to a heating of the blanks resting thereon starting from the bottom and aiding dripping or draining.
  • grate are associated means for turn ⁇ ing over the blanks, so that the different circumferential areas of the blanks are directed downwards, where the liquid deposits can be more easily drip downwards.
  • circular cylindrical blanks can be processed ans for this case it is advantageous for the purpose of turning over said blanks to have a construction of a parti- cualrly simple nature and which requires no drive for turn ⁇ ing over purposes. It is characterized in that the grate is so longitudinally inclined that axially parallel, successi ⁇ vely arranged blanks resting transversely thereon roll for ⁇ wards and that the resulting rolling section at least corre ⁇ sponds to one circumference of a blank.
  • Charging can then be carried out easily in such a way that the blanks are individually and successively lined up in axially parallel manner on the grate, so that if a blank is removed at the front, the rear blanks must move forwards and thereby roll. As the path is correspondingly long, each blank performs at least one complete rotation and can there ⁇ fore drip over its entire circumference.
  • a preferred, simple construction of a grate of this type, which is inclined and heatable, is characterized in that the grate has elongated, parallel, spaced juxtaposed pipes which, when the grate is inclined extend in the inclination direction and said pipes can be connected to hot gas lines.
  • the blanks must be indivicually and successively introduces into the combustiori chamber.
  • the necessary sepa ⁇ ration can be performed in operationally reliable manner using simple means, in that at one end of the grate, with the grate inclined at the lower end, a separator for the blanks is provided, that the separator comprises two identi ⁇ cally dimensioned bucket wheels, which are congruently di ⁇ rected with respect to their buckets and whose axis is par ⁇ allel to the axis of the blanks and in each of whose buckets fits a blank, that a drive is provided for said bucket wheels, which advances by one bucket for each separating stroke or cycle of the bucket wheels and that as a result the furthest forward blank is advanced and freed, whilst the next following blank is stopped in the next bucket and sup ⁇ ports all following blanks.
  • the construction according to the invention can be used with particular advantage for cir ⁇ cular cylindrical blanks.
  • the combustion chamber is an elongated burning or combustion pipe, through which the blanks are moved coaxially in a suc ⁇ ceeding lined up manner
  • the combustion chamber is an elongated combustion pipe, through which the blanks are moved in a coaxially succeeding, lined up manner, it is advantageous for the punch to be operated stepwise, so as to avoid adhe ⁇ sive friction.
  • a uniform passage of the blanks through the burning pipe is desirable for uniform processing purposes and it is therefore advantageous to car ⁇ ry out the advance stepwise in uniform small steps, whereby with each step is associated a length portion of the comple te blank length, so taht for 1 metre blank length there are 1 to 200 and preferably 10 steps.
  • This also has the advanta ge that the punch, which is preferably operated by a hydrau lic linear motor, only requires a small power stroke.
  • the preheating chamber like the combustion chamber, is ap ⁇ intestinaltely sealed in gastight manner, so that on the one hand there is no undesired air access from the outside, which could have the consequence of a harmful oxygen enrich ment of the hot gas and on the other hand no hot gas passes to the outside, because this would involve an energy loss and also because the environment would be contaminated by the fact that the hot gas would be charged with evaporated additive. It ist therefore advantageous that the preheating chamber is equipped with an intake sluice or lock for the gastight filling of individual blanks.
  • a hot gas discharge line issuing int the atmosphere to let off excess hot gas for the joint hot gas supply of the combustion chamber and the preheating chamber.
  • the combustible constituents of the charge of this hot gas are burnt off beforehand, so as not to unnecessaril contaimate the environment. It is advantageous in such case for the heating pipes or ducts and preferably those forming the grate to be connected in a dosable shunt separated from these blanks with respect to said hot gas discharge line.
  • the problem of a further embodiment of the invention is to so construct a burning pipe of the aforementioned type that, using a single flow of fresh hot gas at a unitry temperature, in economic manner and in predetermined seg ⁇ ments different predetermined temperatures can act on the blanks located in said segments.
  • This embodiment is characterized in that one segment of the burning pipe with which higher burning temperatures are as ⁇ sociated has a larger inside cross-section than a segment with which lower burning temperatures are associated.
  • the construction is advantageously such that the burning pipe has a steel jacket wall over who ⁇ se external circumference are distributed vertical braces, preferably formed by channes sections, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the burning pipe and are welded on, that connection bands extending tangentially to the bur ⁇ ning pipe are welded between adjacent vertical braces and that several connection bands located at the same level of the burning pipe form a closed ring surrounding said pipe and that several such rings are distributed over the burning pipe length.
  • a preferably steel jacket wall forming the burning pipe then forms with its inside the sliding surface.
  • Such an inner lining must fulfill different functions. It must form a sliding surface for the blanks sliding through the burning pipe and this sliding surface must be hard and abrasion-resistant. In addition, the inner lining must form a thermal insulation, must be sufficiently dimensionally stable and must be manufacturable from inexpensive materials.
  • the inner free cross-section is bounded by the shape of a spread U and that the remaining inside cross-section is bounded by the shape of an arc.
  • the radius of the sliding surface is only a few % larger than that of the blanks, then the latter pass almost positi ⁇ vely into the sliding surface, which leads to a desired di ⁇ stribution of the sliding load.
  • the sliding surface radius is not in all cases advantageous.
  • the sliding surface radius is better for the sliding surface radius to be much larger that that of the blanks, so that between the sliding surface and the blanks and on either side there is a narrow, crescent-shaped gap. Hot gas can then also flow into this gap, which heats the blank from below. It is also desirable in some cases to vibrate or shake the blanks through the ac ⁇ tion of external vibrating means, so that dirt particles can drop off. This is also favoured by a relatively large radius of the sliding surface.
  • Such an additional heating means can be an electric heater.
  • a heating medium e.g. hot gas.
  • Such ducts can e.g. be provided in the inner lining and the lat ⁇ ter can be connected to the gap, so that the hot gas flowing there also flows through it or hot gas can flow through it via a separate supply and removal connection.
  • condensate or liquid passing out of the blanks such as e.g. binder collects at the bottom of the burning pipe. It is harmful there, because it can be ta ⁇ ken up by the hot gas flow and therefore unnecessarily char ⁇ ges the latter.
  • This can be avoided by providing at least one downwardly leading outflow, which can be preferably shut off, for the fluid deposits collecting in the bottom of the burning pipe and hwich passes out from the lower part of the latter and preferably is located in the burning pipe segment positioned upstream in the passage direction.
  • This liquid can be allowed to flow off every so often or permanently. It is advantageous for this purpose to if necessary heat the components participating in the outflow, such as shut-off valves and lines.
  • Fig. 1 Diagrammatically an apparatus for burning blanks .
  • Fig. 2 The circuit for the apparatus according to fig. l.
  • FIG. 3 A horizontal partial section through the apparatus according to fig. 1, under A the left- hand part, under B the middle part and under C the right-hand part.
  • Fig. 4 In plan view the apparatus according to fig . 1, under A the left-hand part, under B the middle part and under C the right-hand part .
  • Section V from fig. 4B.
  • the drawings show an elongated, horizontally positioned bur ⁇ ning or combustion pipe 1, which is connected at the intake side to a preheating chamber 2.
  • the burning pipe and prehea ⁇ ting chamber are sealed in gastight manner to the outside and through them flow hot gas through the lines indicated in fig. 1 and as shown by the arrows in the latter.
  • the lines contain valves enabling these flows to be controlled, so that within the combustion or burning pipe there can be dif ⁇ ferent flow conditions to those indicated by the arrows.
  • the heating device 3 is equipped with a burner 77 and is supplied by a fuel supply line 4 with fuel and by means of an air supply line 5 with air.
  • the through-flow can be adju ⁇ sted at valves Vi in said lines.
  • Ther is a hot gas dischar ⁇ ge line issuing into the atmosphere and is used for drawing off excess hot gas.
  • blans are of similar size and circular cylindrical and are electrode blanks intended for subsequent graphitization, which contain carbon in the form of petroleum coke, metallurgical coke, graphite, etc., as well as a binder, e.g. pitch.
  • fresh hot gas passes out of the heating device 3 into the burning pipe 1 and into the preheating chamber 2, flows round the blanks located there and then as spent or waste hot gas, which has taken up as the charge the carbon- containing substances evaporated off from the blanks, passes out of the burning pipe 1 and the preheating chamber 2 and flows to the heating device 3, where said waste hot gas is heated by the flame of the burner 77 and burns the charge.
  • the air supply necessary for combustion purposes takes plac in the stoichiometric minimum, so that the fresh hot gas es sentially contains no oxygen, because if the latter reaches the blanks it can damage them.
  • the hot gas flow and its temperature, particularly within the burning pipe 1 and the preheating chamber 2, is regula ⁇ ted by temperature-dependent regulators or control units Ri for the fresh hot gas, controlled by a central control means 10 equipped with a computer and a memory.
  • This control means 10 also controls the fuel and air supply for the heating device, as a function of the actual and desired values of the process quantities in the hot gas flow of the burning pipe 1.
  • an intake sluice or lock 11 is provided for the entry of the blanks.
  • the blanks lined up in axially parallel form in the preheating chamber are given reference numerals 12 to 20 and there is also a blank 21 in a readiness position axially oriented with respect to the burning pipe 1. Further blans 22 to 45 are located in coaxi ⁇ al densely lined up form within the pipe 1.
  • the blanks do not fill up completely the interior of the burning pipe.
  • 133 issues hot gas supply lines 46 to 53 distributed over the length and which emanate from the hot gas collective supply line 74.
  • hot gas discharge lines 54 to 61 From said gap and distributed over the length of the burning pipe 1 and displaced with respect to the hot gas supply lines 46 to 53 there are hot gas discharge lines 54 to 61, which is ⁇ sue into a hot gas collective discharge line 62 for the spent or waste hot gas, which in turn issues into the hea ⁇ ting device via the blower 116 and two branches 63, 64.
  • hot gas collective supply line 74 fresh hot gas flows via the hot gas supply line 65 into the interior of the pre ⁇ heating chamber 2.
  • the spent hot gas flows out of the pre ⁇ heating chamber 2 via the hot gas discharge line 91 into the hot gas collective line 62.
  • a hot gas supply line 66 leads via a blower 67 to the hot gas discharge line 7, which issu- es into the open.
  • a hot gas supply lin 81 branches off from the blower 67 and leads into the entry sluice 11. From the hot gas supply line 66 passes a shunt 68, 69, which flows through the pipes 183 to 186 of a grate 191 located within the preheating chamber 2 and as will be explained hereinafter.
  • the hot gas flows through the additional heating means 72 and from there flows back via the hot gas discharge line 73 and the hot gas collective di scharge line 62.
  • the additional heating means preferably he ats the lower circumferential sector of the burning pipe 1 and is correspondingly arranged there. However, it can also be disposed of and is not shown in the other drawings.
  • the air supply line 5 issues via a blower 78 and two branches 79, 80 into the heating device 3
  • valves Vi making it possible to modify the flow cross-section of the associated line.
  • There are re gulators or control units Ri which are followed by the sam index as the associated valves Vi, which are adjusted by th regulators Ri as control elements.
  • There are temperature sensors Ti which are measuring elements to the regulators Ri given the same index.
  • Valves Vi with which no regulators are associated can be adjusted in unregulated form from the location of the valve and/or the control means 10.
  • the measured values of all the temperature sensors Ti, pres ⁇ sure sensorsPi and the oxxygen content sensor S are passed via not shown electric cables to the controle means 10.
  • a desired value is associated with each regulator Ri and is set by the control means.
  • the control means can also set the valves not equipped with regulators.
  • the control means sets the desired values in accordance with a predetermined pro ⁇ gram or in accordance with inputs made.
  • the control means 10 centrally stores the values supplied and prepares the updated, historical, trend-caused or malfunction-caused indications and/or control quantities.
  • An updated indication relates to the updated state.
  • a histori ⁇ cal indication relates to the updated state to a time which can be determined by. the operator.
  • a trend-caused indication relates to changes in the operating conditions occuring over a period of time, whilst a malfunction-caused indication mainly relates to alarms, which optically or acoustically draw the operator's attention to malfunctions and which may require immediate intervention.
  • the indications or displays can be in tabular form, but preferably take place within a displayed stylized picture, roughly as shown in fig. 2, the values in question being displayed at the spatially associa ⁇ ted points, i.e. for example the desired and actual values associated with the regulator R6 are displayed alongside the image of the latter.
  • the hot gas circuit functions as follows.
  • the fuel is blown in via branches 75 and 76 into the flame source of the bur ⁇ ner 77 and into a flame area positioned further forwards.
  • the stoichiometric quantity of fresh air is supplied as a first air supply to the flame area of the burner 77 via the branch 79, so that complete combustion takes place.
  • the branch 63 which blows in waste hot gas, so that part of the charge of said waste hot gas is also burnt in the flame area.
  • the branch 80 for a second air supply issues into a volume combustion chamber 90 into which is directed the flame of the burner 77.
  • the opening of the branch 80 is followed by the issuing of the branch 64 for spent ht gas into the volume combustion chamber 90.
  • volume combustion takes place in the volume combustion cham ber 90 ' , which is optionally thermally insulated to the out ⁇ side and the remainder of the spent hot gas charge and op ⁇ tionally fuel residues are burnt there, so that at the end of the volume combustion chamber fresh hot gas flows into the hot gas collective line 74, which should contain no 0 2 and preferably no incompletely burnt carbon and heating ta ⁇ kes place.
  • the second air supply is dosed via branch 80 as a function of the oxygen content.
  • the associated regulator R4 is control ⁇ led by the oxygen content sensor S as a primary element. Th oxygen content sensor S is positioned at the downstream end of the volume combustion chamber 90 close to the point from which the hot gas collective supply line 74 emanates.
  • the regulator R4 is set in such a way that, as soon as the oxygen content sensor S indicates the exceeding of a prede ⁇ termined tolerance quantity of the oxygen content, the se ⁇ cond air supply is reduced.
  • the predetermined tolerance quantity is preferably 0.3% oxygen content.
  • the correspon ⁇ ding control can also take place as a function of the CO- content. Then, in place of the oxygen content sensor S or i addition thereto, it is necessary to install a CO-content sensor. In this case the second air supply is reduced on ex ceeding a predetermined CO-content tolerance quantity and preferably 0.1%.
  • the oxygen content sensor S or a CO-content sensor can also be positioned downstream of the point in the hot gas collec ⁇ tive supply line 74 or a hot gas line designated for the sensor S, but must be positioned upstream of the entry of the hot gas into the burning pipe 1. However, the further the measurement point from the measurement point of the in ⁇ dicated oxygen content sensor S, the greater the undesired control or regulation delay.
  • the fuel supply is doesed or proportioned by the regulator RI at valves Via and Vlb, as a function of the hot gas tem ⁇ perature at the downstream end of the volume combustion chamber 9 measured by the temperature sensor TI. Regulation takes place accompanied by a constant readjustment of the desired value for the regulator RI by the control device 10.
  • the control device 10 calculates the control quantity neces ⁇ sary for this constantly as a function of the measured actu ⁇ al and desired values of the process quantities for the seg- mental flow regulation within the burning pipe 1 and the preheating chamber 2 and mathematically links the values with the desired control quantity.
  • the ac ⁇ tual values of the temperature sensors T5 to TlO and T13, as well as the actual values of the throughput quantities ob ⁇ tained from the settings of the valves V5 to V10 and V13, are calculated to give an overall energy balance.
  • Correspon ⁇ dingly calculation takes place of the energy balance which would occur if the actual temperatur values corresponded to the desired temperature values.
  • These two energy values are subtracted from one another and the difference constitutes the operand for the desired value of the regulator RI.
  • the intensity and also the direction of the hot gas flow within the burning pipe is influenced by the hot gas throug- hput in the hot gas supply lines 46 to 53.
  • the hot gas throug- hput in the hot gas supply lines 46 to 53 As a result of a more or less intense charging of the burning pipe segment with hot gas, it is possible to influence the temperature there, i.e. it can be increased or decreased compared with neighbouring segments, although fresh gas is only supplied at a unitary temperature.
  • the hot gas flow and therefore the influencing ist also dependent on the selected setting of the valves Vi in the hot gas discharge lines 54 to 61, which can be fixed from the outset on the basis of empirical values.
  • fesh hot gas is let off into the atmospherevia the hot gas discharge line 7.
  • This is con ⁇ trolled by the valve Vll as a function of the pressure mea ⁇ surement of the pressure gauge Pll at the downstream end of the hot gas collective supply line 74.
  • the associated regu ⁇ lator Rll operates under a predetermined desired value, which ensures that in all the lines into which fresh hot gas flows and in the preheating chamber 2, together with in the burning chamber 1 there is a slight overpressure of 0.5 to 20 mm w.g., preferably 5 mm w.g., compared with the externa atmosphere. Therefore no undesired oxygen-containing air ca be sucked through the outside through leaks and reach the blanks. This ensures that only oxygen-free hot gas flows round the blanks and the latter cannot come into contact with oxygen in the hot state.
  • the lowest pressure is set close to the suction side of the blower 116.
  • the pressure sensor Pll can also be positioned close to the suction side of the blower 116 or at some othe point able to provide valid information on the lowest over ⁇ pressure in the burning pipe or in the preheating chamber.
  • the hot gas flowing into the open through the hot gas di ⁇ scharge line 7 is fresh, i.e. clean hot gas, which contains no charges, so that there is no unnecessary contamination of the environment.
  • the shunt 68, 69 passes through the pipes 183 to 186 located within the preheating chamber 2, as will be described hereinafter.
  • the fresh hot gases flowing through said shunt remain in the pipe system and cannot come into contact with blanks and consequently absorb no charges. Therefore they can bel et off into the atmosphere without causing problems.
  • the addicional heating means 72 or some other heating me ⁇ ans is a pipe or system sealed against the blanks, said hea ⁇ ting means can be switched in accordance with the shunt 68, 69 and fresh hot gas which is to be let off into the atmo- sphere can flow through the same, so as to utilize the heat capacity thereof.
  • the apparatus can be operated in accordance with the follo ⁇ wing process examples.
  • the hot gas throug ⁇ hput quantity flowing through the free gap of the burning pipe in its individual segments is dependent on the energy requirement in the particular segments and is individually controlled for each segment.
  • the individual segments can ex ⁇ tend from an opening of a hot gas discharge line, e.g. 56, to the opening of the next, adjacent hot gas discharge line, e.g. 55 and 57, or to the one from next hot gas discharge line, e.g. 54 or 58 and so on. This is individually adjusted according to the local requirements on the particular valves Vi.
  • G2 oxygen content
  • the burning or combustion pipe 1 comprises three segments
  • the free internal cross-section is circular and of diameter 104 and is defined by a steel, circular, tubular jacket wall 105.
  • the inside diameter 106 measured vertically, is much larger than the diameter 104.
  • the inside cross-section is circular and the internal diame ⁇ ter 108 determined by the jacket wall 117 and is the same as the diameter 104.
  • the inside cross-section in the second segment 102 ist 25% larger than the inside cross-section in the first and third segments 101, 103.
  • the gaps 133, 134 have the same cross-section.
  • the cross-section of gap 132 is muc larger and is roughly 3.5 times larger in the represented embodiment and the blank dimensions used therein.
  • the necessary temperature is still low in the first segment 101. It is much higher in the second segment 102. More hot gas can flow through the larger gap 132 in the second segment, so that it is easy to maintain the higher tempera ⁇ ture desired there.
  • the temperature is lower than in the second segment and consequently the gap 134 can be smaller than the gap 132.
  • the jacket wall 118 is also circular in the second segment 102, but is much wider than the jacket wall 105 in the first segment 101 and is much wider than the jacket wall 117 in the third segment 103.
  • the jacket walls are lined up against one another by steel annular disks 219, 220. As can be gat ⁇ hered from fig. 8, the jacket wall in the first segment 101 is externally surrounded by a thermolight material insulati ⁇ on 107.
  • outflow 110 Extending from the bottom of the first segment 101 and di ⁇ stributed over the length from the interior of the burning pipe 1 are provided outwardly leading outflows 110, 111, which can be shut off, enabling flowable deposits collecting at the bottom in the pipe to be drained or sucked downwards out of the said pipe.
  • the outflow 110 comprises a hopper 112 fixed to the jacket wall 105 and an outflow line 113, which can be shut off with a valve 114.
  • the hopper 112 is incorpo ⁇ rated into the insulation 107.
  • the outflows can be heated, e.g. by a not shown additional heating means corresponding to additional heating means 72.
  • the steel jacket wall 117 and having a much larger diameter than the jacket wall 105 is lined with a thermal internal lining 125.
  • the inner face of this internal lining forms in a lower circumferential sector or support sector 126 a sliding sur ⁇ face 123.
  • An innermost layer 127, indicated by hatching and forming the sliding surface 123 is made from an insulating material, which is harder than the remaining parts of the internal lining 125.
  • the internal lining support sector forming the sliding sur ⁇ face 123 is, according to double arrow 128, much thicker than the internal lining according to double arrow 131 in an upper circumferential sector and in the bottom area in the embodiment it is approximately 30% thicker.
  • the lower half of the free internal cross-section is bounded by an upwardly open, spread U 129.
  • the remaining internal cross-section is bounded by an arc 130.
  • An additional hea ⁇ ting means corresponding to additional heating means 72 can also be provided in segment 102.
  • the segment 103 comprises the jacket wall 117, which is sur ⁇ rounded by a cooling jacket 135, which forms a closed space surrounding in annular manner the jacket wall 117 and through which flows cooling air.
  • This cooling air is intro ⁇ quizd through the cooling air supply line 140 and flows out through the cooling air discharge line 141, cf. also fig. 4.
  • the bottom sector of the jacket wall 105 forms a sliding surfache 142 or 143.
  • the sliding surfaces 142, 143 are circular cylindrical jacket surfaces with a radius somewhat larger than that of the blanks.
  • the sliding surface 123 of the segment 102 has the same radius as the sliding surfa ces 142, 143.
  • sliding surfaces 143, 123 and 142 are linearly aligned.
  • expan sion bevels are provided in the lateral portions of the sli ding surface, in order to permit a smooth, stepless sliding of the blanks in the longitudinal direction through the bur ning pipe 1.
  • the blanks are heated to a relatively low temperature of e.g. 530°C.
  • teh second segment 102 with the larger gap 132 they are heated to a higher burning temperature, e.g. 830°C.
  • a higher burning temperature e.g. 830°C.
  • the third segment 103 with the relatively small gap there is only a cooling and no heating.
  • the jacket wall 105 is externally reinforced.
  • vertical braces e.g. the vertical braces 150, 151 constituted by channel sections are welded on and in each case extend over a seg ⁇ ment 101, 102, 103 in the longitudinal direction of the bur ⁇ ning pipe.
  • connection bands e.g. connection bands 152, which extend tangentially to the bur ⁇ ning pipe and are welded between two adjacent vertical braces, e.g. 150 and 151.
  • connection bands at the same level of the burning pipe and in each case form a closed ring, e.g. ring 153.
  • Several such rings are distri ⁇ ubbed over the burning pipe length and in each case adapted to the circumference of the jacket wall 105.
  • a lock or discharge sluice 160 for a sand- filled, upwardly open connecting piece 162, which issues from above into the crescent-shaped gap 134 left free bet ⁇ ween the blanks and the jacket wall 105.
  • the sand trickles out of the connecting piece 132 into the gap and continuous ⁇ ly fills the latter, which leads to a gastight labyrinth packing there.
  • the sand trickles out at the free end of the burning pipe, where the blanks pass out, is collected, clea ⁇ ned and returned to the connecting piece 162 by a not shown screw conveyor.
  • the hot gas supply line 49 is connected to the burning pipe 1 via the valve V7 and said line issues in upwardly inclined manner into the burning pipe. Diametrically facing said ope ⁇ ning is provided the associated temperature sensor T8, which is protected by the interposed blanks 30 from the direct ac ⁇ tion of the inflowing, fresh hot gas.
  • the other hot gas sup ⁇ ply lines 46 to 53 and the associated temperature sensors and valves are correspondingly constructed and arranged.
  • the hot gas collective discharge line 62 is a pipe laid par ⁇ allel to and above the burning pipe 1 and from which the hot gas discharge lines, e.g. line 57 pass ve4rtically downwards.
  • the hot gas discharge line 59 issues from above into the burning pipe 1.
  • the other hot gas discharge lines 54 to 61 and the associated valves are correspondingly con ⁇ structed and arranged.
  • Fig. 5 also shows a frame 182, which is partly also visible in fig. 9 and extends over the entire length of the burning pipe and carries the latter.
  • the frame is not shown in all the drawings so as not to overburden them.
  • the already mentioned preheating chamber 2 At the passage- upstream end of the burning pipe is connected the already mentioned preheating chamber 2, which will now be explained relative to figs. 11 to 15.
  • the preheating chamber 2 has a gastight-sealable casing 190 within which there is a grate 191 inclined with respect to the horizontal in the manner of an oblique plane.
  • On the preheating chamber 2 is provided at least one outflow 218 for liquid deposits, which can be shut off, which leads to the outside and which emanates from the bottom thereof.
  • the grate has elongated, parallel spaced, juxtaposed pipes 183 to 186, which extend in the direction of the slope. These pipes are linked with one another by transverse lines 196, 197 and are jointly connected to the shunt 68, 69.
  • the pi ⁇ pes carry the blanks 12 to 20, which rest thereon axially : parallel to the axis 223 and at right angles to the longitu ⁇ dinal axis of the pipes 183 to 186 and are supported by the separator 193.
  • the bearing surfa ⁇ ce 227 formed by the latter is inclined at an acute angle 124, so that the axially parallel, successively arranged blanks 12 to 21 resting thereon at right angles to the in ⁇ clination direction, as a result of gravity, roll off the bearing surface 227 towards the separator 193.
  • the separator has a bucket wheel 194, whose axis 192 extends parallel to the axis 223 of the blanks and a blank fits into each of it buckets.
  • a drive 224 for the bucket wheel rotates the same forwards by one bucket for each separation stroke or cycle.
  • the furthest forward blank 20 is ad ⁇ vanced and freed, whilst the next-following blank 90 is stopped in the next bucket and all the gravity after-rolling blanks 12 to 18 are supported.
  • a substrate 198 for a blank 21 in the readiness position and which is oriented with the burning pipe for said blank, so that the blank 21 extends coaxially to the blanks 45 to 22 located in the burning pipe.
  • the substrate 198 is an extension of the sliding surface 142, which is directed at a hole 226 i nthe wall 228 of the casing 190.
  • the burning pipe 1, i.e. the jacket wall 105 is connected in gastight manner to the wall 228 aligned with the hole 226.
  • a punch 200 With the substrate 198 is associated a punch 200, which can be reciprocated in linear manner by a hydrau ⁇ lic drive 225, namely in the axial direction of the blank 21.
  • the punch is located in a gastight-sealed guide 199, which is connected by its front, open side so as to communi ⁇ cate with the interior of the preheating chamber 2.
  • the blank 21 is advanced stepwise or in a stroke or cycle in arrow direction 201 and advances before it the entire row of blanks located in the burning pipe.
  • the next blank 20 rolls onto the substrate 198 as a result of the next separating stroke of the separator 193.
  • the punch 200 is operated stepwise with uniform steps and with each step is associated a longitudinal portion of the total blank length, so that there are 1 to 200 and prefera ⁇ bly 10 steps for one metre of blank length.
  • the intake sluice 11 is dimensioned appropriately for the reception of a blank and is axially oriented to the last free blank position on the grate, which is assumed by blank 12 in fig. 14, Sealed in gastight manner with respect to th outside and the preheating chamber, the sluice contains a new blank 82, which can be introduced by a punch 203 driva- ble by a hydraulic drive 2202 into the position previously occupied by the blank 12.
  • a sluice gate 204 between the en ⁇ try sluice 11 and the preheating chamber 2 automatically opens.
  • hot gas flows round the blanks within the prehea ting chamber, which flows in via the hot gas supply line 65 ' and is consequently heated.
  • this heating pitch or si milar deposits pass out of the blanks and drips downwards a grate 191.
  • For collecting said pitch below the grate are di stributed four upwardly open collecting containers 210, 211 212, 213 constructed in the manner of drawers and which, as shown in fig. 15, jointly extend over the entire width of the grate.
  • the gaps between the collecting containers are covered by roof-shaped drain plates 214, 215, 216, so that deposits dripping onto the same pass into the collecting containers.
  • the collecting conatiners can be drawn outwards in the manner of drawers and can be replaced by empty col ⁇ lecting containers or can be pumped out. 3; 8
  • the rolling section formed by the bearing surface 227 and along which each individual blank must roll from the positi ⁇ on of the blank 12 to the position of the blank 20 on the grate, is almost three times as long as the circumference of a blank, so that each blank rotates almost three times and consequently all the circumferential sides pass several ti ⁇ mes into a position favourable for dripping or draining.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Abstract

Pour effectuer la combustion d'ébauches d'électrodes, celles-ci traversent coaxialement une section de combustion et baignent dans du gaz chaud. Ce flux de gaz chaud est régulé par segment le long de la section de combustion. Une grandeur de commande de l'alimentation en combustible est dérivée des valeurs réelles et souhaitées de la régulation de ce flux et utilisée pour chauffer le gaz chaud véhiculé dans le circuit avec du nouveau gaz chaud, avec la combustion simultanée de sa charge en constituants combustibles, ceci s'effectuant stoïchiométriquement pour qu'aucun oxygène nocif ne soit présent dans le nouveau gaz chaud.
EP91901397A 1989-12-15 1990-12-13 Procede et dispositif de combustion d'ebauches d'electrodes en passage continu Withdrawn EP0463131A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19893941466 DE3941466A1 (de) 1989-12-15 1989-12-15 Vorrichtung zum brennen von rohlingen, die beim erwaermen fliessfaehig werdende zusaetze, wie binder und dergleichen enthalten
DE19893941467 DE3941467A1 (de) 1989-12-15 1989-12-15 Vorrichtung zum brennen von zum graphitieren bestimmten elektrodenrohlingen
DE3941467 1989-12-15
DE19893941465 DE3941465A1 (de) 1989-12-15 1989-12-15 Verfahren zum brennen von rohlingen im durchlauf
DE3941465 1989-12-15
DE3941466 1989-12-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0463131A1 true EP0463131A1 (fr) 1992-01-02

Family

ID=27200580

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91901397A Withdrawn EP0463131A1 (fr) 1989-12-15 1990-12-13 Procede et dispositif de combustion d'ebauches d'electrodes en passage continu

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0463131A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04505443A (fr)
KR (1) KR920701075A (fr)
CN (1) CN1053289A (fr)
AU (1) AU7036891A (fr)
BR (1) BR9007121A (fr)
CA (1) CA2049061A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL288302A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991008991A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109189115A (zh) * 2018-07-24 2019-01-11 江苏兆龙电气有限公司 智能温度控制仪

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2810043A1 (de) * 1978-03-08 1979-09-20 Georg Mendheim Gmbh Verfahren und einrichtung zur verguetung von teerhaltigem feuerfestem material
DE2832564A1 (de) * 1978-07-25 1980-02-07 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Verfahren zur waermerueckgewinnung bei einem graphitierungsofen
FR2552535B1 (fr) * 1983-09-27 1988-03-18 Savoie Electrodes Refract Procede et dispositif de cuisson d'electrodes avec recuperation de la chaleur des fumees
DE3821596A1 (de) * 1988-06-27 1990-02-01 Horst J Ing Grad Feist Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von graphitelektroden

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9108991A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2049061A1 (fr) 1991-06-16
BR9007121A (pt) 1992-01-28
CN1053289A (zh) 1991-07-24
JPH04505443A (ja) 1992-09-24
AU7036891A (en) 1991-07-18
WO1991008991A1 (fr) 1991-06-27
KR920701075A (ko) 1992-08-11
PL288302A1 (en) 1992-02-24

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