EP0462024B1 - Electric circuit breaker with self generating pressure and arc rotation - Google Patents

Electric circuit breaker with self generating pressure and arc rotation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0462024B1
EP0462024B1 EP91420172A EP91420172A EP0462024B1 EP 0462024 B1 EP0462024 B1 EP 0462024B1 EP 91420172 A EP91420172 A EP 91420172A EP 91420172 A EP91420172 A EP 91420172A EP 0462024 B1 EP0462024 B1 EP 0462024B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
extinguishing
self
pole
gas
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP91420172A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0462024A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Kersusan
Hugues Filiputti
Victor Pennucci
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Schneider Electric SE
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Schneider Electric SE
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Publication of EP0462024A1 publication Critical patent/EP0462024A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H01H33/982—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow in which the pressure-generating arc is rotated by a magnetic field

Description

L'invention est relative à un disjoncteur électrique à autoexpansion comprenant un ou plusieurs pôles logés dans une cuve étanche remplie d'un gaz isolant à rigidité diélectrique élevée, notamment de l'hexafluorure de soufre, chaque pôle ayant une chambre de coupure renfermant:

  • un contact fixe,
  • un contact mobile solidaire d'une broche coulissante traversant à étanchéité la paroi de la chambre de coupure,
  • des moyens de mise en rotation de l'arc lors de la séparation des contacts,
  • et une voie d'échappement de gaz ménagée dans au moins un des contacts pour assurer une communication et un écoulement de gaz entre la chambre de coupure, et le volume d'expansion de la cuve lors de la séparation des contacts.
The invention relates to a self-expanding electrical circuit breaker comprising one or more poles housed in a sealed tank filled with an insulating gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride, each pole having a breaking chamber containing:
  • a fixed contact,
  • a movable contact secured to a sliding pin sealingly passes through the wall of the breaking chamber,
  • means for rotating the arc during the separation of the contacts,
  • and a gas escape path formed in at least one of the contacts to ensure communication and gas flow between the breaking chamber, and the expansion volume of the tank when the contacts are separated.

La présence d'un arc tournant dans un disjoncteur à autoexpansion ayant une chambre de coupure à surface cylindrique de révolution, provoque un mouvement uniforme de rotation de gaz chaud autour de la zone d'arc entre les contacts séparés. En fonction de l'intensité du courant à interrompre, ce mouvement gazeux limite les échanges gazeux entre les autres volumes de la chambre de coupure, et risque de diminuer la qualité de l'écoulement gazeux lors de la période d'extinction.The presence of a rotating arc in a self-expanding circuit breaker having an interrupting chamber with a cylindrical surface of revolution, causes a uniform rotational movement of hot gas around the arc zone between the separate contacts. Depending on the intensity of the current to be interrupted, this gaseous movement limits the gas exchanges between the other volumes of the breaking chamber, and risks reducing the quality of the gas flow during the extinction period.

Selon le document WO-86/00169, un disjoncteur à autoexpansion et à arc tournant compofle une chambre de coupure à surface gauche pour former un résonateur acoustique à réflexion centripète des ondes de pression. Il en résulte une convergence des gaz vers la zone de séparation.According to document WO-86/00169, a circuit breaker with autoexpansion and a rotating arc comprises an interrupting chamber with a left surface to form an acoustic resonator with centripetal reflection of the pressure waves. This results in a convergence of the gases towards the separation zone.

Un bouchon gazeux tournant peut même obstruer partiellement l'entrée de la voie d'échappement, en limitant l'écoulement gazeux, ce qui compromet l'extinction de l'arc.A rotating gas cap can even partially obstruct the entry of the exhaust path, limiting the gas flow, which compromises the extinction of the arc.

L'objet de l'invention consiste à améliorer les performances de coupure d'un disjoncteur à autoexpansion et à rotation de l'arc.The object of the invention is to improve the breaking performance of a circuit breaker with autoexpansion and arc rotation.

Le disjoncteur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que la chambre de coupure de chaque pôle présente une section carrée ou rectangulaire, destinée à perturber le mouvement de rotation du gaz pour améliorer le brassage dans la chambre de coupure et obtenir un écoulement gazeux optimum dans la voie d'échappement.The circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that the breaking chamber of each pole has a square or rectangular section, intended to disturb the rotational movement of the gas in order to improve the stirring in the breaking chamber and obtain optimum gas flow in the escape route.

Pour un encombrement prédéterminé du disjoncteur, l'adoption d'une chambre de coupure à section carrée ou rectangulaire procure les avantages suivants:

  • établissement d'un volume maximum pour la montée en pression du gaz dans la chambre de coupure,
  • résorption du bouchon gazeux après freinage du mouvement de rotation du gaz pour faciliter l'écoulement gazeux dans la voie d'échappement.
  • amélioration de la qualité du gaz présent dans l'écoulement gazeux.
For a predetermined size of the circuit breaker, the adoption of a breaking chamber with a square or rectangular section provides the following advantages:
  • establishment of a maximum volume for the gas pressure rise in the breaking chamber,
  • resorption of the gas cap after braking the rotational movement of the gas to facilitate the gas flow in the exhaust path.
  • improvement of the quality of the gas present in the gas flow.

Il en résulte une amélioration de l'effet d'autoexpansion du gaz, propice à une extinction rapide de l'arc.This results in an improvement in the self-expanding effect of the gas, which is conducive to rapid extinction of the arc.

Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention, le confinement des chambres de coupure des différents pôles s'effectue par assemblage de deux demi-coquilles conjuguées, fixées entre elles au moyen de vis de fixation pour former une enveloppe isolante monobloc.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the confinement of the breaking chambers of the different poles is carried out by assembling two conjugate half-shells, fixed together by means of fixing screws to form a one-piece insulating envelope.

Dans chaque pôle se trouve un joint d'étanchéité ayant une forme conjuguée à la chambre de coupure, et disposé dans le plan d'assemblage de deux demi-coquilles.In each pole is a seal having a shape conjugated to the cutting chamber, and arranged in the assembly plane of two half-shells.

Une paroi de blindage est agencée à l'intérieur de chaque chambre de coupure, en appliquant le joint contre deux chanfreins internes des demi-coquilles aboutées.A shielding wall is arranged inside each cutting chamber, applying the seal against two internal chamfers of the butted half-shells.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention, donné à titre d'exemple, et représenté aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique du disjoncteur triphasé raccordé à un jeu de barres de la cellule, le pôle de droite étant représenté partiellement en coupe;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 2-2 de la figure 1;
  • la figure 3 montre une vue en coupe selon la ligne 3-3 de la figure 1;
  • la figure 4 représente une vue en coupe selon la ligne 4-4 de la figure 2.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of an embodiment of the invention, given by way of example, and represented in the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the three-phase circuit breaker connected to a busbar of the cell, the right pole being shown partially in section;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view along line 2-2 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows a sectional view along line 3-3 of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 represents a sectional view along line 4-4 of FIG. 2.

Sur les figures, un disjoncteur 10 triphasé à arc tournant et à autoexpansion est utilisé dans une cellule d'un poste électrique à haute tension et à isolement gazeux intégral, dont la structure est décrite à titre d'exemple dans le brevet français n° 2.507.835. Le disjoncteur 10 est logé dans une cuve étanche (non représentée) formant le volume aval d'expansion remplie de gaz isolant électronégatif à rigidité diélectrique élevée, notamment de l'hexafluorure de soufre SF6.In the figures, a three-phase circuit breaker 10 with rotating arc and autoexpansion is used in a cell of a high-voltage electrical substation with full gas isolation, the structure of which is described by way of example in French Patent No. 2,507 .835. The circuit breaker 10 is housed in a sealed tank (not shown) forming the downstream expansion volume filled with electronegative insulating gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride SF6.

Les trois pôles 12,14,16 du disjoncteur 10 sont identiques, et seul le pôle 16 (figure 4) sera décrit en détail par la suite. Le pôle 16 est équipé d'une chambre de coupure 18 renfermant une bobine 20 électromagnétique de mise en rotation de l'arc sur une piste annulaire du contact fixe 22, et un contact mobile 24 porté par une broche 26 conductrice coulissante le long d'un manchon 28 fixe de guidage dans la direction de l'axe longitudinal 29 du pôle 16. La broche 26 est reliée mécaniquement à une manivelle du mécanisme de commande (non représenté) pour autoriser l'actionnement en translation du contact mobile 24 de la position de fermeture (demi-vue de droite, figure 4) vers la position d'ouverture (demi-vue de gauche, figure 4) lors de l'ouverture du disjoncteur 10, et réciproquement de la position d'ouverture vers la position de fermeture lors de la fermeture du disjoncteur 10.The three poles 12, 14, 16 of the circuit breaker 10 are identical, and only the pole 16 (FIG. 4) will be described in detail below. The pole 16 is equipped with a breaking chamber 18 containing an electromagnetic coil 20 for rotating the arc on an annular track of the fixed contact 22, and a movable contact 24 carried by a conductive pin 26 sliding along a sleeve 28 fixed for guiding in the direction of the longitudinal axis 29 of the pole 16. The pin 26 is mechanically connected to a crank of the control mechanism (not shown) to allow actuation in translation of the movable contact 24 of the closed position (half-view on the right, Figure 4) to the open position (half-view on the left, Figure 4) when the circuit breaker 10 is opened, and vice versa from the open position to the position of closing when closing the circuit breaker 10.

La bobine 20 est du type décrit dans le document FR-A-2.464.550. L'ensemble contact fixe 22 et bobine 20 de chaque pôle 12,14,16 est connecté par l'intermédiaire d'un plot 30 de raccordement à la barre correspondante d'un jeu de barres 32 triphasé, disposé à l'extérieur de la chambre de coupure 18 dans le fond de la cuve du poste. Des voies d'échappement 34,36 sont agencées axialement à travers les contacts 22,24, le noyau 38 magnétique de la bobine 20, et la broche 26 pour assurer une double communication amont et aval entre la chambre de coupure 18 de chaque pôle 12,14,16, et le volume d'expansion 40 de la cuve. Cette communication permet un écoulement de gaz vers le volume d'expansion 40, lors de l'interruption d'un arc électrique dans la chambre de coupure 18 correspondante.The coil 20 is of the type described in document FR-A-2,464,550. The fixed contact 22 and coil 20 assembly of each pole 12, 14, 16 is connected by means of a stud 30 for connection to the corresponding bar of a three-phase busbar 32, arranged outside the breaking chamber 18 in the bottom of the station tank. Exhaust channels 34, 36 are arranged axially through the contacts 22, 24, the magnetic core 38 of the coil 20, and the pin 26 to ensure double upstream and downstream communication between the breaking chamber 18 of each pole 12 , 14,16, and the expansion volume 40 of the tank. This communication allows a flow of gas to the expansion volume 40, during the interruption of an electric arc in the corresponding breaking chamber 18.

Le disjoncteur 10 présente une enveloppe 42 monobloc en matériau isolant moulé, formée par l'assemblage de deux demi-coquilles 44,46 symétriques autorisant le confinement interne des chambres de coupure 18 des trois pôles 12,14,16. Les deux demi-coquilles 44,46 sont fixées entre elles par une pluralité de vis 48 de fixation avec interposition de trois joints 50 d'étanchéité agencées dans le plan d'assemblage au niveau de la zone médiane des chambres de coupure 18. Chaque demi-coquille 44,46 comporte trois compartiments en ligne, séparés l'un de l'autre par deux cloisons intermédiaires 52,54; 56,58, chaque compartiment ayant une section carrée. Le plan d'assemblage des demi-coquilles 44,46 s'étend dans un plan horizontal perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal 29 de chaque pôle 12,14,16.The circuit breaker 10 has a one-piece casing 42 of molded insulating material, formed by the assembly of two symmetrical half-shells 44,46 allowing the internal confinement of the breaking chambers 18 of the three poles 12,14,16. The two half-shells 44, 46 are fixed to each other by a plurality of fixing screws 48 with the interposition of three seals 50 arranged in the assembly plane at the middle zone of the cutting chambers 18. Each half -shell 44,46 has three compartments in line, separated from each other by two intermediate partitions 52,54; 56.58, each compartment having a square section. The assembly plane of the half-shells 44,46 extends in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 29 of each pole 12,14,16.

La formation de chaque chambre de coupure 18 résulte de l'accolement de deux compartiments conjuguées des demi-coquilles 44,46. Chaque chambre 18 possède une section carrée (voir figures 2 et 3), à l'intérieur de laquelle est logée la bobine 20 cylindrique. Le joint 50 d'étanchéité de chaque chambre de coupure 18 prend appui sur deux chanfreins internes (non représentés) ménagés sur les bords aboutés des demi-coquilles 44,46 en formant un V. Une paroi de blindage 60, par exemple en cuivre, est agencée à l'intérieur de chaque chambre de coupure 18, et applique le joint 50 sur le V des chanfreins avec une pression prédéterminée. Il n'y a pas de communication entre les chambres 18 lorsque les contacts 22,24 des pôles 12,14,16 sont fermés.The formation of each interrupting chamber 18 results from the joining of two compartments conjugated with half-shells 44,46. Each room 18 has a square section (see Figures 2 and 3), inside which is housed the cylindrical coil 20. The seal 50 for sealing each cutting chamber 18 is supported on two internal chamfers (not shown) formed on the abutting edges of the half-shells 44, 46 by forming a V. A shielding wall 60, for example made of copper, is arranged inside each cutting chamber 18, and applies the seal 50 to the V of the chamfers with a predetermined pressure. There is no communication between the chambers 18 when the contacts 22,24 of the poles 12,14,16 are closed.

Le matériau isolant moulé de l'enveloppe 42 est avantageusement à base de polycarbonate chargé par des fibres de verre, mais tout autre matériau thermoplastique peut être utilisé.The insulating material molded from the casing 42 is advantageously based on polycarbonate loaded with glass fibers, but any other thermoplastic material can be used.

Chaque manchon 28 de guidage axial comporte un orifice 62 annulaire de passage de la broche 26 mobile, et une bague 64 de retenue d'un joint 66 auxiliaire de forme annulaire, agencé à étanchéité autour de la surface latérale de la broche 26. La bague 64 est soudée par ultra-sons au manchon 28 isolant. Le diamètre intérieur du joint 66 est inférieur à celui de l'orifice 62. Le joint 66 de type segment, est réalisé en matière thermoplastique.Each axial guide sleeve 28 includes an annular orifice 62 for the passage of the movable spindle 26, and a ring 64 for retaining an annular auxiliary seal 66, arranged in a seal around the lateral surface of the spindle 26. The ring 64 is ultrasonically welded to the insulating sleeve 28. The internal diameter of the seal 66 is less than that of the orifice 62. The segment type seal 66 is made of thermoplastic material.

Les trois manchons 28 isolants sont également soudés par ultra-sons à la demi-coquille 44 supérieure de l'enveloppe 42.The three insulating sleeves 28 are also ultrasonically welded to the upper half-shell 44 of the casing 42.

La paroi de blindage 60 présente une forme carrée, mais tout autre forme peut être envisagée.The shielding wall 60 has a square shape, but any other shape can be envisaged.

Le fonctionnement d'un pôle du disjoncteur 10 à autoexpansion est le suivant:The operation of a pole of the self-expanding circuit breaker 10 is as follows:

L'arc tiré lors de la séparation des contacts 22,24 suite à un ordre d'ouverture du disjoncteur 10, est mis en rotation dans la chambre de coupure 18 par l'action du champ magnétique de la bobine 20. La rotation de l'arc crée par la suite un mouvement de rotation périphérique du gaz SF6 jusqu'à la paroi de blindage 60. La section carrée de la chambre de coupure 18 autorise d'une part un volume maximum de montée en pression du gaz, et d'autre part un brassage amélioré du gaz dû aux turbulences créées dans les volumes morts de la chambre 18 carrée, dans lesquels le gaz ne tourne pas. Il en résulte un effet de freinage du mouvement de rotation du gaz et un écoulement gazeux optimum à travers les voies d'échappement 34,36 vers le volume d'expansion 40. Cet écoulement gazeux permet une extinction rapide de l'arc.The arc drawn during the separation of the contacts 22, 24 following an order to open the circuit breaker 10, is rotated in the breaking chamber 18 by the action of the magnetic field of the coil 20. The rotation of the 'arc subsequently creates a movement of peripheral rotation of the SF6 gas up to the shielding wall 60. The square section of the cut-off chamber 18 allows on the one hand a maximum volume of gas pressure rise, and on the other hand improved mixing of the gas due to the turbulence created in the dead volumes of the square chamber 18, in which the gas does not rotate. This results in a braking effect of the rotational movement of the gas and an optimum gas flow through the exhaust passages 34, 36 to the expansion volume 40. This gas flow allows rapid extinction of the arc.

L'invention est également applicable à un disjoncteur triphasé à pôles séparés, dans lequel chaque pôle est confiné dans une enveloppe isolante séparée, de section carrée.The invention is also applicable to a three-phase circuit breaker with separate poles, in which each pole is confined in a separate insulating envelope, of square section.

La section de la chambre de coupure 18 peut également être rectangulaire.The section of the interrupting chamber 18 can also be rectangular.

Claims (7)

  1. An electrical circuit breaker (10) with self-extinguishing expansion comprising one or more poles (12, 14, 16) housed in a sealed enclosure filled with an insulating gas with a high dielectric strength, notably sulphur hexafluoride, each pole (12,14,16) having an arc extinguishing chamber (18) housing:
    - a stationary contact (22),
    - a movable contact (24) securedly united to a sliding pin (26) passing tightly through the wall of the extinguishing chamber (18),
    - means (20) for rotating the arc when the contacts (22, 24) separate,
    - and a gas exhaust channel (34, 36) arranged in at least one of the contacts (22, 24) to provide a communication and gas outflow between the extinguishing chamber (18) and the expansion volume (40) of the enclosure when the contacts (22, 24) separate,
    characterized in that the extinguishing chamber (18) of each pole (12, 14, 16) presents a square or rectangular cross-section, designed to disturb the rotation movement of the gas to improve stirring in the extinguishing chamber (18) and obtain an optimum gas outflow in the exhaust channel (34, 36).
  2. The circuit breaker with self-extinguishing expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that confinement of the extinguishing chambers (18) of the different poles (12, 14, 16) is achieved by assembly of two conjugate half-shells (44, 46), fixed together by means of fixing screws (48) to form a single-piece insulating enclosure (42), and a seal (50), having a shape conjugate with the extinguishing chamber (18), is located in the assembly plane of the two half-shells (44, 46).
  3. The circuit breaker with self-extinguishing expansion according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for rotating the arc comprise a cylindrical electromagnetic coil (20) associated with the stationary contact (22), and extending coaxially to the longitudinal axis (29) of the corresponding pole (12, 14, 16).
  4. The circuit breaker with self-extinguishing expansion according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a shielding wall (60) is arranged inside each extinguishing chamber (18), applying the seal (50) against two internal bevels of the abutted half-shells (44, 46).
  5. The circuit breaker with self-extinguishing expansion according to one of the claims 2 to 4, characterized in that axial guiding of the sliding pin (26) of each pole (12, 14, 16) is achieved by means of a tubular insulating sleeve (28), having a first end securedly united to the enclosure (42), and a second opposite end equipped with a retaining ring (64) of an auxiliary seal (66), which is tightly arranged coaxially around the pin (26), the internal diameter of the auxiliary seal (66) being smaller than that of the orifice (62) for the pin (26) to pass through the sleeve (28).
  6. The circuit breaker with self-extinguishing expansion according to claim 5, characterized in that the first end of the guide sleeve (28) of each pole (12, 14, 16) is fixed to the upper half-shell (44) by ultra-sound welding.
  7. The circuit breaker with self-extinguishing expansion according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the retaining ring (64) is fixed to the second end of the guide sleeve (28) by ultra-sound welding.
EP91420172A 1990-06-14 1991-05-30 Electric circuit breaker with self generating pressure and arc rotation Expired - Lifetime EP0462024B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9007558 1990-06-14
FR9007558A FR2663457B1 (en) 1990-06-14 1990-06-14 ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH SELF-EXPANSION AND ARC ROTATION.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0462024A1 EP0462024A1 (en) 1991-12-18
EP0462024B1 true EP0462024B1 (en) 1995-10-04

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EP91420172A Expired - Lifetime EP0462024B1 (en) 1990-06-14 1991-05-30 Electric circuit breaker with self generating pressure and arc rotation

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US (1) US5166483A (en)
EP (1) EP0462024B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2947982B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2043558C (en)
DE (1) DE69113519T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2080279T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2663457B1 (en)
NO (1) NO301800B1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA914524B (en)

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DE69113519T2 (en) 1996-05-09
JP2947982B2 (en) 1999-09-13
NO912294D0 (en) 1991-06-13
CA2043558C (en) 2000-08-29
DE69113519D1 (en) 1995-11-09
NO301800B1 (en) 1997-12-08
NO912294L (en) 1991-12-16
ZA914524B (en) 1992-03-25
FR2663457B1 (en) 1996-06-07
EP0462024A1 (en) 1991-12-18
FR2663457A1 (en) 1991-12-20
ES2080279T3 (en) 1996-02-01
US5166483A (en) 1992-11-24
JPH04229916A (en) 1992-08-19
CA2043558A1 (en) 1991-12-15

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