EP0577530A1 - Self-blast switch or switch breaker - Google Patents

Self-blast switch or switch breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0577530A1
EP0577530A1 EP93420271A EP93420271A EP0577530A1 EP 0577530 A1 EP0577530 A1 EP 0577530A1 EP 93420271 A EP93420271 A EP 93420271A EP 93420271 A EP93420271 A EP 93420271A EP 0577530 A1 EP0577530 A1 EP 0577530A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
circuit breaker
chamber
switch
arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93420271A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0577530B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Barrault
Georges Bernard
Paul Glenat
Pierre Leclercq
Stephan Rowe
Odile Filleau
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Schneider Electric SE
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Schneider Electric SE
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Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA, Schneider Electric SE filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0577530A1 publication Critical patent/EP0577530A1/en
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Publication of EP0577530B1 publication Critical patent/EP0577530B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H01H33/982—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow in which the pressure-generating arc is rotated by a magnetic field

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a self-expanding switch or circuit breaker, for the field of high or medium voltages.
  • Such a self-expanding and rotating arc circuit breaker combines the pneumatic blowing of the arc by expansion gases with a magnetic blowing of the rotating arc on annular electrodes.
  • This breaking method can be used in medium or high voltage circuit breakers and has the advantage of requiring low operating energies.
  • a first drawback is of purely dimensional nature. If we consider this known circuit breaker as it is for example shown, for a pole, in Figure 1 of the aforementioned document EP-A-0298809, it can be seen that the breaking chamber, itself relatively small, is surrounded by a rather bulky insulating enclosure. It is indeed necessary, for this known embodiment, to provide a sufficient expansion volume both above and below the breaking chamber, and in addition to provide a fairly wide annular communication corridor between these two volumes d 'expansion, upper and lower. The dimensions of the insulating tubular part, generally made of porcelain, of the sealed enclosure containing each pole of the circuit breaker are consequently large, which, especially for high voltages, is particularly penalizing in terms of size and cost.
  • the diameters of the expansion chamber and of the cut-off chamber are practically the same, so that these two chambers practically together form a long, tight enclosure, of tubular shape comprising two bottoms which constitute the two ranges opposite of current supply.
  • This device comprises a horizontal metal base 1 which forms the first range or current supply terminal and which carries in leaktight manner a long insulating tube 2 made of porcelain or another suitable insulator which constitutes the insulating cylindrical envelope of the chamber. expansion 3 of this self-expanding circuit breaker pole.
  • the other end of the elongated cylindrical casing 2 is sealed, in a sealed manner, with a coaxial and cylindrical metal bell 4 whose upper part forms the casing of the breaking chamber 5 of this pole of the circuit breaker, and which is substantially the same diameter as the insulating tube 2.
  • the horizontal upper metallic bottom 6 of the cylindrical bell 4 in the form of a thick and flat disc, forms the second range or terminal of current supply, opposite to the other range 1.
  • the metal tube 9 also crosses, in a leaktight manner thanks to a seal 15, another insulating annular spacer 16 which constitutes the other bottom of the actual cutting chamber 5.
  • a repulsion spring 12 which tends to separate these two tubes 8, 9 longitudinally from one another.
  • repulsion spring 18 is placed between the flange 11 of the tube 8 and the underside of the insulating spacer 16, in order to push the sliding tube 8 downwards and consequently to maintain its lower annular edge 19 in mechanical and electrical contact against the upper annular edge of a third metal tube 20 which is carried by the control rod 21 of this pole of the circuit breaker, itself held by a metal tube 36 in which it slides.
  • the interrupting chamber 5 is in itself very conventional, and comprises an annular and coaxial induction coil 22 which is fixed, by a tubular metallic transition 23, on the internal face of the metallic bottom 6 of the interrupting chamber 5, and which carries the fixed and annular arc electrode 24, combined with the movable arc electrode 13.
  • the metal tube 20 has a bulge 25 which forms the movable main contact of the circuit breaker and which is, in the closed position shown on the left half of the figure, connected to the fixed main contact 26 by an annular elastic clamp 27.
  • the tube 20 has radial openings 28 which put its internal space 29 into communication with the internal space 30 of the expansion chamber.
  • the operating rod 21 is then pulled down by conventional mechanical means and not shown.
  • the rods 20 and 8 then begin to descend, while the rod 9, held in place by the spring 12, remains stationary for the moment.
  • the movable main contact 25 then emerges, at point B in FIG. 2, from the clamp 27, conventionally causing the cutting, without creation of an arc since the arcing electrodes 13 and 24 are always in contact, the main contacts 25 , 26.
  • the rod 21 is then pulled as far as possible (point G) downwards, which ensures sufficient distance between the tubes 8 and 20.
  • the porcelain tube 2 here has a fairly small diameter, practically equal to that of the interrupting chamber 5: the assembly in fact forms a long and narrow tube, the lateral dimensions of which are small.
  • FIG. 3 An alternative embodiment is shown in Figure 3.
  • the tube 8, the spring 18 and the spacer 7 of Figure 1 no longer exist, and the tube 20 comprises, as for the device according to the document EP -A-0298809 cited above, a bearing face (not shown) of a spring 30 for repulsion towards the top of the tube 9, as well as a hook 31 for timed drive of this tube 9 towards the bottom, which allows conventionally to open the main contacts before the arcing contacts 24 and 13.
  • the insulating annular spacer 16 maintains in its center a small coaxial metal tube 32 whose lower edge 33 substantially exceeds the level of the lower face 35 of the insulating bottom 16, and whose upper edge 34 is at a distance of the fixed arc electrode 24 which is at least equal to the arc breaking distance (d).
  • This tube 32 has an inside diameter equal to the outside diameter of the movable conductive tube 9, so that the movable tube 9 can slide in this sheath tube 32. Means are provided to guarantee their positive electrical connection.
  • the tube 9 is shown at a distance (d) from arc cutting.
  • this tube 9 is continued to move back until, along the right half of this figure, the mechanical and electrical separation of the tubes 32 and 9. The voltage is then no longer applied to the tube 32, which is electrically isolated. By moving the tube 9 further back, a sufficient isolation distance is guaranteed as before.

Abstract

Self-expansion switch or circuit breaker comprising a cutout chamber (5) and an expansion chamber (3) which are connected by a duct (29, 28). The cutout chamber (5) is positioned above the expansion chamber (3). The axially mobile tube (9) which carries the moving arc contact (13) separates axially from the conductor tube (20) carried by the operating stem (21) after a sufficient recoil (d) for it to have been possible to extinguish the arc. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un interrupteur ou disjoncteur à auto-expansion, pour le domaine des hautes ou moyennes tensions.The present invention relates to a self-expanding switch or circuit breaker, for the field of high or medium voltages.

Il est connu, par exemple du document EP-A-0298809, un disjoncteur à enceinte étanche remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée et contenant un ou plusieurs pôles du disjoncteur, chaque pôle comprenant :

  • . une chambre de coupure ayant une surface de révolution obturée d'une manière étanche à ses deux extrémités par des fonds;
  • . une paire de contacts d'arc tubulaires, disposés coaxialement dans ladite chambre de coupure et traversant chacun l'un desdits fonds pour faire communiquer, en position séparée des contacts d'arc, la chambre de coupure avec ladite enceinte formant une chambre d'expansion par les conduits d'écoulement de gaz constitués par les contacts d'arc tubulaires;
  • . une bobine ou un aimant permanent porté par l'un desdits fonds à l'intérieur de la chambre de coupure de façon à créér dans la zone de séparation des contacts d'arc, un champ magnétique de soufflage en rotation d'un arc tiré entre les contacts d'arc séparés;
  • . une paire de contacts principaux disposés à l'extérieur de la chambre de coupure et agencés pour s'ouvrir avant la séparation des contacts d'arc lors d'une manoeuvre d'ouverture du disjoncteur.
It is known, for example from document EP-A-0298809, a circuit breaker with a sealed enclosure filled with a gas with high dielectric strength and containing one or more poles of the circuit breaker, each pole comprising:
  • . a breaking chamber having a surface of revolution closed in a sealed manner at its two ends by bottoms;
  • . a pair of tubular arcing contacts, arranged coaxially in said breaking chamber and each passing through one of said bottoms to make the breaking chamber communicate with said enclosure forming an expansion chamber, in a position separated from the arcing contacts by the gas flow conduits formed by the tubular arcing contacts;
  • . a coil or a permanent magnet carried by one of said bottoms inside the breaking chamber so as to create in the separation zone of the arcing contacts, a magnetic field of blowing in rotation of an arc drawn between separate arcing contacts;
  • . a pair of main contacts arranged outside the breaking chamber and arranged to open before the separation of the arcing contacts during an opening operation of the circuit breaker.

Un tel disjoncteur à auto-expansion et à arc tournant combine le soufflage pneumatique de l'arc par des gaz d'expansion à un soufflage magnétique de l'arc en rotation sur des électrodes annulaires. Cette méthode de coupure peut être utilisée dans des disjoncteurs moyenne ou haute tension et elle présente l'avantage de nécessiter de faibles énergies de manoeuvre.Such a self-expanding and rotating arc circuit breaker combines the pneumatic blowing of the arc by expansion gases with a magnetic blowing of the rotating arc on annular electrodes. This breaking method can be used in medium or high voltage circuit breakers and has the advantage of requiring low operating energies.

Il présente néanmoins quelques inconvénients, surtout lorsqu'on veut fonctionner dans le domaine des hautes tensions.However, it has some drawbacks, especially when you want to operate in the high-voltage domain.

Un premier inconvénient est de caractère purement dimensionnel. Si l'on considère ce disjoncteur connu tel qu'il est par exemple représenté, pour un pôle, sur la figure 1 du document EP-A-0298809 précité, on constate que la chambre de coupure, elle-même de relativement petites dimensions, est entourée d'une enceinte isolante plutôt volumineuse. Il est en effet nécessaire, pour cette réalisation connue, de ménager un volume d'expansion suffisant aussi bien en dessus qu'en dessous de la chambre de coupure, et de surcroit de prévoir un assez large couloir annulaire de communication entre ces deux volumes d'expansion, supérieur et inférieur. Les dimensions de la partie tubulaire isolante, généralement réalisée en porcelaine, de l'enceinte étanche contenant chaque pôle du disjoncteur sont par suite importantes ce qui, surtout pour les tensions élevées, est particulièrement pénalisant en encombrement et en prix de revient.A first drawback is of purely dimensional nature. If we consider this known circuit breaker as it is for example shown, for a pole, in Figure 1 of the aforementioned document EP-A-0298809, it can be seen that the breaking chamber, itself relatively small, is surrounded by a rather bulky insulating enclosure. It is indeed necessary, for this known embodiment, to provide a sufficient expansion volume both above and below the breaking chamber, and in addition to provide a fairly wide annular communication corridor between these two volumes d 'expansion, upper and lower. The dimensions of the insulating tubular part, generally made of porcelain, of the sealed enclosure containing each pole of the circuit breaker are consequently large, which, especially for high voltages, is particularly penalizing in terms of size and cost.

Un autre inconvénient réside dans le fait que, lorsque le pôle du disjoncteur est ouvert, toute la tension se trouve appliquée à travers l'anneau isolant qui forme un des deux fonds de la chambre de coupure, l'autre fond faisant partie d'une cloche conductrice qui est fermée par cet anneau isolant. Ceci ne pose par de gros problèmes pour une moyenne tension par exemple de l'ordre de 10 kilovolts, mais on comprend aisément que la réalisation devient plus difficile avec une haute tension de l'ordre de 200 kilovolts par exemple.Another disadvantage lies in the fact that, when the circuit breaker pole is open, all the voltage is applied through the insulating ring which forms one of the two bottoms of the breaking chamber, the other bottom being part of a conductive bell which is closed by this insulating ring. This does not pose major problems for a medium voltage, for example of the order of 10 kilovolts, but it is easily understood that the realization becomes more difficult with a high voltage of the order of 200 kilovolts for example.

Enfin, le fait que la chambre de coupure soit positionnée bien à l'intérieur de l'enceinte isolante la rend peu propice à diverses possibilités avantageuses de fixation mécanique.Finally, the fact that the interrupting chamber is positioned well inside the insulating enclosure makes it not very conducive to various advantageous possibilities of mechanical fixing.

L'invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients. Elle se rapporte à cet effet à un interrupteur ou disjoncteur à auto-expansion, chaque pôle de cet interrupteur ou disjoncteur comportant :

  • . d'une part une chambre de coupure dont un premier fond est conducteur et constitue une première plage d'amennée de courant qui est reliée, dans cette chambre de coupure, à un contact d'arc annulaire fixe, et dont l'autre fond est isolant et est traversé par un tube conducteur coaxial et mobile axialement, l'extrémité libre de ce tube portant le contact d'arc annulaire mobile qui est le conjugué dudit contact d'arc fixe;
  • . et d'autre part une chambre étanche d'expansion, de bien plus grandes dimensions, qui est reliée de manière étanche à cette chambre de coupure par au moins une canalisation apte à permettre aux gaz ionisés de migrer, lors de la création de l'arc à l'ouverture, de cette chambre de coupure vers cette chambre d'expansion;

cette chambre d'expansion étant coaxiale à la chambre de coupure et contenant les contacts principaux du pôle, dont un contact fixe qui est connecté audit fond conducteur de la chambre de coupure et un contact mobile qui est normalement prévu pour être connecté audit tube conducteur mobile, des moyens mécaniques étant prévus pour ouvrir ces contacts principaux avant les contacts d'arc, cet interrupteur ou disjoncteur étant caractérisé en ce que :
  • . la chambre de coupure n'est pas placée à l'intérieur de la chambre d'expansion, mais dans le prolongement et au dessus de celle-ci; et
  • . ledit tube conducteur mobile qui porte, à son extrémité libre, l'électrode de contact d'arc mobile, est prévu pour être, en position de fermeture et lorsqu'il est reculé jusqu'à sa position d'ouverture avec arc finalement éteint, en contact électrique avec un deuxième tube conducteur coaxial, ces deux tubes étant agencés et des moyens étant prévus pour, lorsque ledit tube mobile est encore reculé au delà de cette position d'ouverture avec arc finalement éteint, se séparer électriquement et axialement l'un de l'autre en ménageant ainsi entre eux un intervalle de gaz suffisamment important pour qu'alors la tension se trouve en fait appliquée à travers la partie externe tubulaire isolante qui constitue l'enceinte de la chambre d'expansion, et non pas à travers le fond annulaire isolant de la chambre de coupure.
The invention aims to remedy these drawbacks. To this end, it relates to a self-expanding switch or circuit breaker, each pole of this switch or circuit breaker comprising:
  • . on the one hand a breaking chamber whose first bottom is conductive and constitutes a first current supply range which is connected, in this breaking chamber, to a fixed annular arcing contact, and whose other bottom is insulating and is crossed by a coaxial conductive tube which is axially movable, the free end of this tube carrying the movable annular arcing contact which is the conjugate of said fixed arcing contact;
  • . and on the other hand a sealed expansion chamber, of much larger dimensions, which is connected in a sealed manner to this breaking chamber by at least one pipe able to allow the ionized gases to migrate, during the creation of the arc at the opening, from this interrupting chamber towards this expansion chamber;

this expansion chamber being coaxial with the breaking chamber and containing the main contacts of the pole, including a fixed contact which is connected to said conductive bottom of the breaking chamber and a movable contact which is normally intended to be connected to said movable conductive tube , mechanical means being provided for opening these main contacts before the arcing contacts, this switch or circuit breaker being characterized in that:
  • . the interrupting chamber is not placed inside the expansion chamber, but in the extension and above it; and
  • . said movable conductive tube which carries, at its free end, the movable arc contact electrode, is designed to be, in the closed position and when it is moved back to its open position with arc finally extinguished, in electrical contact with a second coaxial conductive tube, these two tubes being arranged and means being provided for, when said movable tube is further moved back beyond this open position with arc finally extinguished, electrically and axially separate one on the other, thus providing a sufficiently large gas gap between them so that the tension is then in fact applied through the insulating tubular external part which constitutes the enclosure of the expansion chamber, and not through the insulating annular bottom of the breaking chamber.

Préférentiellement, les diamètres de la chambre d'expansion et de la chambre de coupure sont pratiquement les mêmes, de sorte que ces deux chambres forment pratiquement à elles deux une enceinte longiligne, étanche, et de forme tubulaire comportant deux fonds qui constituent les deux plages opposées d'amenée du courant.Preferably, the diameters of the expansion chamber and of the cut-off chamber are practically the same, so that these two chambers practically together form a long, tight enclosure, of tubular shape comprising two bottoms which constitute the two ranges opposite of current supply.

De toute façon, l'invention sera bien comprise, et ses avantages et autres caractéristiques ressortiront, lors de la description suivante de deux exemples non limitatifs de réalisation, en référence au dessin schématique annexé dans lequel:

  • . Figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'une première forme de réalisation d'un disjoncteur selon l'invention, la demi-coupe de gauche représentant ce disjoncteur en position fermée et la demi-coupe de droite représentant ce disjoncteur en cours d'ultime phase d'ouverture.
  • . Figure 2 est une courbe cinématique "espace-temps" du fonctionnement de ce disjoncteur à l'ouverture.
  • . Figure 3 est une vue, similaire à Figure 1, de la partie supérieure d'un autre disjoncteur selon l'invention, suivant une autre forme de réalisation.
In any case, the invention will be well understood, and its advantages and other characteristics will emerge during the following description of two nonlimiting exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended schematic drawing in which:
  • . Figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a first embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention, the left half-section representing this circuit-breaker in the closed position and the right half-section representing this circuit-breaker in progress d 'final opening phase.
  • . Figure 2 is a kinematic curve "space-time" of the operation of this circuit breaker on opening.
  • . Figure 3 is a view, similar to Figure 1, of the upper part of another circuit breaker according to the invention, according to another embodiment.

En se référant à la figure 1, il est représenté un des trois pôles de ce disjoncteur.Referring to Figure 1, there is shown one of the three poles of this circuit breaker.

Ce dispositif comporte un socle métallique horizontal 1 qui forme la première plage ou borne d'amenée de courant et qui porte de manière étanche un long tube isolant 2 en porcelaine ou un autre isolant approprié qui constitue l'enveloppe cylindrique isolante de la chambre d'expansion 3 de ce pôle de disjoncteur à auto-expansion.This device comprises a horizontal metal base 1 which forms the first range or current supply terminal and which carries in leaktight manner a long insulating tube 2 made of porcelain or another suitable insulator which constitutes the insulating cylindrical envelope of the chamber. expansion 3 of this self-expanding circuit breaker pole.

L'autre extrémité de l'enveloppe cylindrique longiligne 2 est coiffée, de façon étanche, d'une cloche métallique coaxiale et cylindrique 4 dont la partie supérieure forme l'enveloppe de la chambre de coupure 5 de ce pôle du disjoncteur, et qui est sensiblement de même diamètre que le tube isolant 2.The other end of the elongated cylindrical casing 2 is sealed, in a sealed manner, with a coaxial and cylindrical metal bell 4 whose upper part forms the casing of the breaking chamber 5 of this pole of the circuit breaker, and which is substantially the same diameter as the insulating tube 2.

Le fond métallique supérieur horizontal 6 de la cloche cylindrique 4, en forme de disque épais et plat, forme la seconde plage ou borne d'amenée de courant, opposée à l'autre plage 1.The horizontal upper metallic bottom 6 of the cylindrical bell 4, in the form of a thick and flat disc, forms the second range or terminal of current supply, opposite to the other range 1.

L'espace interne de la cloche 4 est séparé de la chambre d'expansion 3 par une entretoise annulaire et isolante 7, étanche ou non, dont l'orifice circulaire central est coaxialement traversé par un ensemble de deux tubes métalliques télescopiques et coulissants, dont :

  • . un petit tube coulissant extérieur 8 dont l'extrémité supérieure forme un épaulement circulaire radial 10 et qui comporte, à peu près en son milieu, une collerette circulaire 11; et
  • . un plus long tube coulissant intérieur 9 dont le bord annulaire supérieur porte l'électrode mobile 13 de contact d'arc et qui est lui-aussi garni d'une collerette 14 disposée sous l'épaulement 10 pour pouvoir être en prise avec ce dernier.
The internal space of the bell 4 is separated from the expansion chamber 3 by an annular and insulating spacer 7, sealed or not, the central circular orifice of which is coaxially traversed by a set of two telescopic and sliding metal tubes, of which :
  • . a small external sliding tube 8 whose upper end forms a radial circular shoulder 10 and which comprises, roughly in the middle, a circular flange 11; and
  • . a longer inner sliding tube 9, the upper annular edge of which carries the movable arc contact electrode 13 and which is itself also provided with a flange 14 disposed under the shoulder 10 so as to be able to be engaged with the latter.

Le tube métallique 9 traverse en outre, de manière étanche grâce à un joint 15, une autre entretoise annulaire isolante 16 qui constitue l'autre fond de la chambre de coupure proprement dite 5.The metal tube 9 also crosses, in a leaktight manner thanks to a seal 15, another insulating annular spacer 16 which constitutes the other bottom of the actual cutting chamber 5.

Entre la collerette 14 du tube 9 et un rebord interne 17 du tube 8 est prévu un ressort de répulsion 12 qui tend à écarter longitudinalement ces deux tubes 8, 9 l'un de l'autre.Between the flange 14 of the tube 9 and an internal rim 17 of the tube 8 is provided a repulsion spring 12 which tends to separate these two tubes 8, 9 longitudinally from one another.

En outre, un autre ressort de répulsion 18 est placé entre la collerette 11 du tube 8 et la face inférieure de l'entretoise isolante 16, afin de repousser le tube coulissant 8 vers le bas et en conséquence de maintenir son bord annulaire inférieur 19 en contact mécanique et électrique contre le bord annulaire supérieur d'un troisième tube métallique 20 qui est porté par la tige de commande 21 de ce pôle du disjoncteur, elle-même maintenue par un tube métallique 36 dans lequel elle coulisse.In addition, another repulsion spring 18 is placed between the flange 11 of the tube 8 and the underside of the insulating spacer 16, in order to push the sliding tube 8 downwards and consequently to maintain its lower annular edge 19 in mechanical and electrical contact against the upper annular edge of a third metal tube 20 which is carried by the control rod 21 of this pole of the circuit breaker, itself held by a metal tube 36 in which it slides.

La chambre de coupure 5 est en soi très classique, et comporte une bobine d'induction annulaire et coaxiale 22 qui est fixée, par une transition métallique tubulaire 23, sur la face interne du fond métallique 6 de la chambre de coupure 5, et qui porte l'électrode d'arc fixe et annulaire 24, conjuguée de l'électrode d'arc mobile 13.The interrupting chamber 5 is in itself very conventional, and comprises an annular and coaxial induction coil 22 which is fixed, by a tubular metallic transition 23, on the internal face of the metallic bottom 6 of the interrupting chamber 5, and which carries the fixed and annular arc electrode 24, combined with the movable arc electrode 13.

De manière très classique, le tube métallique 20 possède un renflement 25 qui forme le contact principal mobile du disjoncteur et qui est, dans la position de fermeture représentée sur la moitié gauche de la figure, connecté au contact principal fixe 26 par une pince élastique annulaire 27.Very conventionally, the metal tube 20 has a bulge 25 which forms the movable main contact of the circuit breaker and which is, in the closed position shown on the left half of the figure, connected to the fixed main contact 26 by an annular elastic clamp 27.

Le tube 20 présente des ouvertures radiales 28 qui mettent en communication son espace interne 29 avec l'espace intérieur 30 de la chambre d'expansion.The tube 20 has radial openings 28 which put its internal space 29 into communication with the internal space 30 of the expansion chamber.

Le fonctionnement de ce disjoncteur sera maintenant explicité en se référant également à la figure 2.The operation of this circuit breaker will now be explained with reference also to Figure 2.

Au départ (point A sur la figure 2), le disjoncteur est en sa position "fermé" représentée sur la moitié gauche de la figure 1.At the start (point A in Figure 2), the circuit breaker is in its "closed" position shown on the left half of Figure 1.

La tige de manoeuvre 21 est alors tirée vers le bas par des moyens mécaniques classiques et non représentés. Les tiges 20 et 8 commencent alors à descendre, tandis que la tige 9, maintenue en place par le ressort 12, reste pour le moment immobile.The operating rod 21 is then pulled down by conventional mechanical means and not shown. The rods 20 and 8 then begin to descend, while the rod 9, held in place by the spring 12, remains stationary for the moment.

Le contact principal mobile 25 se dégage alors, au point B sur la figure 2, de la pince 27, entrainant classiquement le sectionnement, sans création d'arc puisque les électrodes d'arc 13 et 24 sont toujours en contact, des contacts principaux 25, 26. Il y a alors insertion de la bobine 22 dans le circuit série de seul passage du courant qui est composé de la plage 6, de la liaison 23, de cette bobine 22, des électrodes d'arc 24 et 13, des trois tubes 9, 8, 20, de la partie métallique aval de la tige 21 et de son tube de maintien et coulissement 36, et finalement de la plage 1.The movable main contact 25 then emerges, at point B in FIG. 2, from the clamp 27, conventionally causing the cutting, without creation of an arc since the arcing electrodes 13 and 24 are always in contact, the main contacts 25 , 26. There is then insertion of the coil 22 in the series circuit of single passage of the current which is composed of the area 6, of the connection 23, of this coil 22, of the arc electrodes 24 and 13, of the three tubes 9, 8, 20, of the downstream metal part of the rod 21 and of its holding and sliding tube 36, and finally of the track 1.

Lorsque, au point C sur la figure 2, l'épaulement 10 est parvenu en appui contre la collerette conjuguée 14, le tube 9 est tiré à son tour et descend en entraînant la séparation des électrodes d'arc 24 et 13.When, at point C in FIG. 2, the shoulder 10 has come to bear against the conjugate flange 14, the tube 9 is in turn pulled and descends, causing the separation of the arc electrodes 24 and 13.

Un arc jaillit alors entre ces électrodes 24 et 13, entraînant l'ionisation et la mise en pression, dans la chambre de coupure 5, de l'Hexafluorure de Soufre, ou autre gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée, qui remplit classiquement la chambre de coupure 5 ainsi que la chambre d'expansion 3. Simultanément, cet arc est mis en rotation par le champ magnétique créé par le courant qui circule dans la bobine 22, ce qui permet, en déplaçant la racine de l'arc, de favoriser son extinction. Cette extinction est, de manière très connue, facilitée en outre par le fait que ce gaz ionisé et préssurisé s'écoule, par l'espace intérieur 29 des tubes conducteurs coaxiaux et par les orifices 28, par auto-expansion vers l'espace interne 30 de la chambre 3.An arc then flows between these electrodes 24 and 13, causing the ionization and the pressurization, in the cutting chamber 5, of sulfur hexafluoride, or other gas with high dielectric strength, which conventionally fills the cutting chamber. 5 as well as the expansion chamber 3. Simultaneously, this arc is rotated by the magnetic field created by the current flowing in the coil 22, which allows, by moving the root of the arc, to promote its extinction . This extinction is, in a very well known manner, further facilitated by the fact that this ionized and pressurized gas flows, through the interior space 29 of the coaxial conductive tubes and through the orifices 28, by self-expansion towards the interior space. 30 from room 3.

Comme on le voit sur la figure 2, un temps d'arrêt de par exemple 20 millisecondes est marqué, un peu avant que l'on soit parvenu au point D où la collerette 11 arrive en appui contre la face supérieure de l'entretoise 7, ce qui correspond à la distance d'extinction d'arc (d), pour attendre alors l'extinction complète de l'arc, réalisée au point E.As seen in Figure 2, a downtime of for example 20 milliseconds is marked, a little before we either reached point D where the flange 11 comes to bear against the upper face of the spacer 7, which corresponds to the arc extinction distance (d), to then wait for the arc to extinguish completely, performed at point E.

Le mouvement de traction vers le bas de la tige 21 est alors repris, de sorte que, lorsque le tube 8 arrive en bout de course, il y a séparation des contacts, qui sont constitués par l'arète annulaire inférieure 19 du tube 8 et l'arète annulaire supérieure du tube 20 (point F sur la figure 2).The downward pulling movement of the rod 21 is then resumed, so that, when the tube 8 reaches the end of the travel, there is separation of the contacts, which are constituted by the lower annular edge 19 of the tube 8 and the upper annular edge of the tube 20 (point F in FIG. 2).

La tige 21 est alors tirée au maximum (point G) vers le bas, ce qui permet d'assurer, entre les tubes 8 et 20, une distance d'isolement suffisante.The rod 21 is then pulled as far as possible (point G) downwards, which ensures sufficient distance between the tubes 8 and 20.

A noter que le tube de porcelaine 2 a ici un diamètre assez faible, pratiquement égal à celui de la chambre de coupure 5 : l'ensemble forme en fait un tube long et étroit, dont l'encombrement latéral est faible.Note that the porcelain tube 2 here has a fairly small diameter, practically equal to that of the interrupting chamber 5: the assembly in fact forms a long and narrow tube, the lateral dimensions of which are small.

Une variante de réalisation est représentée sur la figure 3. Dans ce cas, le tube 8, le ressort 18 et l'entretoise 7 de la figure 1 n'existent plus, et le tube 20 comporte, comme pour le dispositif selon le document EP-A-0298809 précité, une face d'appui (non représentée) d'un ressort 30 de répulsion vers le haut du tube 9, ainsi qu'un crochet 31 d'entraînement temporisé de ce tube 9 vers le bas, ce qui permet classiquement d'ouvrir les contacts principaux avant les contacts d'arc 24 et 13.An alternative embodiment is shown in Figure 3. In this case, the tube 8, the spring 18 and the spacer 7 of Figure 1 no longer exist, and the tube 20 comprises, as for the device according to the document EP -A-0298809 cited above, a bearing face (not shown) of a spring 30 for repulsion towards the top of the tube 9, as well as a hook 31 for timed drive of this tube 9 towards the bottom, which allows conventionally to open the main contacts before the arcing contacts 24 and 13.

En revanche, l'entretoise annulaire isolante 16 maintient en son centre un petit tube métallique coaxial 32 dont l'arète inférieure 33 dépasse sensiblement le niveau de la face inférieure 35 du fond isolant 16, et dont l'arète supérieure 34 est à une distance de l'électrode d'arc fixe 24 qui est au moins égale à la distance de coupure d'arc (d).On the other hand, the insulating annular spacer 16 maintains in its center a small coaxial metal tube 32 whose lower edge 33 substantially exceeds the level of the lower face 35 of the insulating bottom 16, and whose upper edge 34 is at a distance of the fixed arc electrode 24 which is at least equal to the arc breaking distance (d).

Ce tube 32 est de diamètre intérieur égal au diamètre extérieur du tube conducteur mobile 9, de sorte que le tube mobile 9 peut coulisser dans ce tube fourreau 32. Des moyens sont prévus pour garantir leur liaison électrique positive.This tube 32 has an inside diameter equal to the outside diameter of the movable conductive tube 9, so that the movable tube 9 can slide in this sheath tube 32. Means are provided to guarantee their positive electrical connection.

Sur la moitié gauche de la figure 3, le tube 9 est représenté à distance (d) de coupure d'arc. Lorsque l'arc s'est éteint, on continue de reculer ce tube 9 jusqu'à, selon la moitié droite de cette figure, la séparation mécanique et électrique des tubes 32 et 9. La tension n'est alors plus appliquée sur le tube 32, qui est électriquement isolé. En reculant encore, au maximum, le tube 9, on garantit comme précédemment une distance d'isolement suffisante.In the left half of FIG. 3, the tube 9 is shown at a distance (d) from arc cutting. When the arc is off, this tube 9 is continued to move back until, along the right half of this figure, the mechanical and electrical separation of the tubes 32 and 9. The voltage is then no longer applied to the tube 32, which is electrically isolated. By moving the tube 9 further back, a sufficient isolation distance is guaranteed as before.

Comme il va de soi, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux deux exemples de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits, et d'autres variantes de réalisation sont envisageables dans un même esprit, en particulier le soufflage du gaz à travers la bobine, ou l'utilisation d'aimants. Elle trouve un grand intérêt pour le domaine des hautes tensions, mais son application en moyenne tension n'est nullement à exclure.It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the two embodiments which have just been described, and other alternative embodiments can be envisaged in the same spirit, in particular the blowing of gas through the coil , or the use of magnets. It finds great interest in the field of high voltages, but its application in medium voltage is by no means to be excluded.

Claims (8)

Interrupteur ou disjoncteur à auto-expansion, chaque pôle de cet interrupteur ou disjoncteur comportant : - d'une part une chambre de coupure (5) dont un premier fond (6) est conducteur et constitue une première plage d'amenée de courant qui est reliée, dans cette chambre de coupure, à un contact d'arc annulaire fixe (24), et dont l'autre fond (16) est isolant et est traversé par un premier tube conducteur coaxial et mobile axialement (9), l'extrémité libre de ce tube (9) portant le contact d'arc annulaire mobile (13) qui est le conjugué dudit contact d'arc fixe (24); - et d'autre part une chambre étanche d'expansion (3) coaxiale, placée dans le prolongement de ladite chambre de coupure et reliée de manière étanche à ladite chambre de coupure (5) par au moins une canalisation (28, 29) apte à permettre aux gaz ionisés de migrer, lors de la création de l'arc à l'ouverture, de cette chambre de coupure (5) vers cette chambre d'expansion (3), ladite chambre d'expansion (3) contenant des contacts principaux (25, 26), dont un contact fixe (26) qui est connecté audit fond conducteur (6) de la chambre de coupure (5) et un contact mobile (25) connecté à une deuxième plage d'amenée de courant (1) et solidaire d'une tige de commande (21); et - des moyens mécaniques prévus pour ouvrir ces contacts principaux (25, 26) avant les contacts d'arc (24, 13), caractérisé en ce que ledit premier tube conducteur (9) est prévu pour être, en position de fermeture et lorsqu'il est reculé jusqu'à sa position d'ouverture (d) correspondant à l'extinction complète de l'arc, en contact électrique avec un deuxième tube conducteur coaxial et solidaire du contact fixe (25), et en ce que lesdits premier et deuxième tubes (9, 20) sont agencés et des moyens (8) sont prévus pour qu'au delà de ladite position d'ouverture (d) correspondant à l'extinction complète de l'arc, ledit second tube (20) se sépare électriquement et axialement dudit premier tube en ménageant ainsi entre eux un intervalle de gaz suffisamment important pour que la tension se trouve alors appliquée entre lesdits contacts principaux. Self-expanding switch or circuit breaker, each pole of this switch or circuit breaker comprising: - on the one hand a breaking chamber (5), a first bottom (6) of which is conductive and constitutes a first current supply range which is connected, in this breaking chamber, to a fixed annular arcing contact ( 24), and the other bottom (16) of which is insulating and is traversed by a first coaxial and axially movable conductive tube (9), the free end of this tube (9) carrying the movable annular arcing contact (13 ) which is the conjugate of said fixed arcing contact (24); - And on the other hand a coaxial sealed expansion chamber (3), placed in the extension of said interrupting chamber and connected in leaktight manner to said interrupting chamber (5) by at least one pipe (28, 29) suitable to allow the ionized gases to migrate, during the creation of the arc at the opening, from this breaking chamber (5) towards this expansion chamber (3), said expansion chamber (3) containing contacts main (25, 26), including a fixed contact (26) which is connected to said conductive bottom (6) of the breaking chamber (5) and a movable contact (25) connected to a second current supply range (1 ) and secured to a control rod (21); and - mechanical means provided for opening these main contacts (25, 26) before the arcing contacts (24, 13), characterized in that said first conductive tube (9) is designed to be, in the closed position and when it is moved back to its open position (d) corresponding to the complete extinction of the arc, in electrical contact with a second coaxial conductive tube and integral with the fixed contact (25), and in that said first and second tubes (9, 20) are arranged and means (8) are provided so that beyond said open position (d) corresponding to the complete extinction of the arc, said second tube (20) separates electrically and axially of said first tube, thus providing between them a sufficiently large gas gap so that the voltage is then applied between said main contacts. Interrupteur ou disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les diamètres de la chambre d'expansion (3) et de la chambre de coupure (5) sont pratiquement les mêmes, de sorte que ces deux chambres (3, 5) forment pratiquement une enceinte longiligne, étanche, et de forme tubulaire comportant deux fonds (1, 6) qui constituent les deux plages opposées d'amenée du courant.Switch or circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameters of the expansion chamber (3) and of the breaking chamber (5) are practically the same, so that these two chambers (3, 5) form practically a long, tight, tubular enclosure comprising two bottoms (1, 6) which constitute the two opposite areas of current supply. Interrupteur ou disjoncteur selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ces deux tubes (9, 20) sont agencés pour, en position de fermeture de l'interrupteur ou disjoncteur, être placés axialement l'un derrière l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'un tube auxiliaire (8) assurant leur contact de solidarisation mécanique et électrique par des moyens élastiques d'aboutement (18).Switch or circuit breaker according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that these two tubes (9, 20) are arranged so that, in the closed position of the switch or circuit breaker, they are placed axially one behind the other by by means of an auxiliary tube (8) ensuring their mechanical and electrical fastening contact by elastic abutment means (18). Interrupteur ou disjoncteur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ce tube auxiliaire (8) est monté coulissant autour du tube mobile (9) qui porte le contact d'arc mobile (13) et est repoussé vers le bas par ces moyens élastiques (18) de façon que son bord annulaire inférieur (19) soit normalement pressé contre le bord annulaire supérieur dudit deuxième tube (20), des moyens de butée (11, 7) étant prévus pour que cette mise en contact d'aboutement par pression mécanique élastique soit rompue lorsque ce tube auxiliaire (8) a effectué, à partir de la position de fermeture du disjoncteur, une course descendante au moins suffisante pour que l'extinction de l'arc puisse être réalisée.Switch or circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that this auxiliary tube (8) is slidably mounted around the movable tube (9) which carries the movable arcing contact (13) and is pushed back down by these elastic means ( 18) so that its lower annular edge (19) is normally pressed against the upper annular edge of said second tube (20), abutment means (11, 7) being provided so that this abutment contact by mechanical pressure elastic is broken when this auxiliary tube (8) has made, from the closed position of the circuit breaker, a downward stroke at least sufficient for the extinction of the arc to be achieved. Interrupteur ou disjoncteur selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le fond annulaire isolant (16) de la chambre de coupure (5) maintient en son centre un petit tube conducteur coaxial (32) dont l'arête supérieure (33) est à une distance de l'électrode d'arc fixe (24) qui est supérieure à la distance de coupure d'arc (d), ce tube (32) étant de diamètre intérieur égal au diamètre extérieur dudit tube conducteur mobile (9), de sorte que ce tube mobile (9) peut coulisser dans ce tube-fourreau (32) en liaison électrique positive, la séparation mécanique et électrique axiale de ces deux tubes (9, 32) s'effectuant d'elle-même lorsque le tube mobile (9) a reculé suffisamment pour s'extraire de ce fourreau conducteur (32).Switch or circuit breaker according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the insulating annular bottom (16) of the breaking chamber (5) maintains in its center a small coaxial conductive tube (32) whose upper edge (33 ) is at a distance from the fixed arc electrode (24) which is greater than the arc breaking distance (d), this tube (32) having an inside diameter equal to the outside diameter of said movable conductive tube (9 ), so that this movable tube (9) can slide in this sheath tube (32) in positive electrical connection, the mechanical and electrical axial separation of these two tubes (9, 32) taking place by itself when the movable tube (9) has moved back enough to extract itself from this conductive sheath (32). Interrupteur ou disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe de la chambre de coupure (5) est métallique et que le contact principal fixe (26) est porté par l'extrémité de ladite enveloppe reliée à la chambre d'expansion (3).Switch or circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the enclosure of the breaking chamber (5) is metallic and that the fixed main contact (26) is carried by the end of said enclosure connected to the expansion chamber (3). Interrupteur ou disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe de la chambre d'expansion (3) est en porcelaine.Switch or circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the envelope of the expansion chamber (3) is made of porcelain. Interrupteur ou disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'au fond conducteur (6) de la chambre de coupure (5) est associée une bobine (22) ou un aimant de soufflage en rotation de l'arc tiré entre les contacts (13, 14) lors de leur séparation dans la chambre de coupure.Switch or circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the conductive bottom (6) of the breaking chamber (5) is associated with a coil (22) or a blowing magnet in rotation of the arc pulled between the contacts (13, 14) during their separation in the breaking chamber.
EP93420271A 1992-06-30 1993-06-24 Self-blast switch or switch breaker Expired - Lifetime EP0577530B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9208138 1992-06-30
FR9208138A FR2693027B1 (en) 1992-06-30 1992-06-30 SELF-EXPANSION SWITCH OR CIRCUIT BREAKER.

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EP0577530A1 true EP0577530A1 (en) 1994-01-05
EP0577530B1 EP0577530B1 (en) 1997-01-15

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EP (1) EP0577530B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06187879A (en)
CA (1) CA2099183A1 (en)
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FR (1) FR2693027B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2459543A1 (en) * 1979-06-15 1981-01-09 Alsthom Cgee HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH ROTATING ARC AND SELF-BLOWING
EP0150079A2 (en) * 1984-01-20 1985-07-31 SACE S.p.A. Costruzioni Elettromeccaniche Electric circuit breaker of the type using an arc quenching fluid with pressure self-generating due to the breakdown of the fluid
EP0298809A1 (en) * 1987-07-02 1989-01-11 Merlin Gerin Self-blasting electrical circuit breaker with a rotating arc
FR2623657A1 (en) * 1987-11-19 1989-05-26 Merlin Gerin Circuit-breaker with self-blasting by expansion of insulating gas, equipped with an electric field distribution screen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2693027B1 (en) 1997-04-04
CA2099183A1 (en) 1993-12-31
EP0577530B1 (en) 1997-01-15
FR2693027A1 (en) 1993-12-31
JPH06187879A (en) 1994-07-08
DE69307411D1 (en) 1997-02-27
US5373130A (en) 1994-12-13
DE69307411T2 (en) 1997-06-12

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