EP0460891B1 - Constructions armées dans la terre et résistantes aux explosions et procédé de construction - Google Patents

Constructions armées dans la terre et résistantes aux explosions et procédé de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0460891B1
EP0460891B1 EP91304995A EP91304995A EP0460891B1 EP 0460891 B1 EP0460891 B1 EP 0460891B1 EP 91304995 A EP91304995 A EP 91304995A EP 91304995 A EP91304995 A EP 91304995A EP 0460891 B1 EP0460891 B1 EP 0460891B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
roof
cladding
reinforced earth
concrete slabs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91304995A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0460891A2 (fr
EP0460891A3 (en
Inventor
Yermiyahu Negri
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Individual
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Publication of EP0460891A3 publication Critical patent/EP0460891A3/en
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Publication of EP0460891B1 publication Critical patent/EP0460891B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to reinforced earth structures, specifically to reinforced earth structures having load bearing cladding.
  • Reinforced earth construction technology is well developed and established in the construction field. This technology involves reinforcing earth, which becomes a cohesive material of great strength and stability, by the association of granular soil and reinforcements. Through friction, tensile stresses are transferred to the reinforcements, improving the mechanical properties of the soil.
  • a facing, usually of interlocking suitable panels, provides an aesthetically pleasing finish and serves as an anchor for the reinforcing elements.
  • Such reinforced earth provides a coherent gravity mass that can be engineered for a variety of load bearing requirements.
  • the reinforced earth mass has also been used for retaining walls and bridge abutments on highway projects, as well as other civil engineering requirements, such as sea walls, dams and bulk storage facilities.
  • Israel Patent No. 21009 disclosed the characteristic methods of calculating and applying reinforced earth as a construction technique.
  • a reinforced earth structure comprises a mass of particles normally extracted from the natural ground and reinforcing straps embedded in the mass, said reinforcing straps providing frictional contact with the grains or particles. These reinforcements ensure that the structure is stable.
  • the free vertical surface of the reinforced structure is faced with cladding or skin for retaining the particles which are located in the vicinity of the said free surface and which are therefore not subject to the frictional retaining effect of the reinforcing straps.
  • the above mentioned patent discloses cladding consisting of U-section elements in superimposed relation, having adjacent flanges of elements in contact with one another.
  • Israel Patent No. 35046 discloses cladding elements in the form of a plate or slab comprising means for fixing the cladding elements to the ends of the reinforcing straps, the slabs having edge portions which allow a relative displacement between adjacent slabs and a seal for preventing earth particles from passing between adjacent slabs.
  • Israel Patent No. 50515 discloses a specific type of reinforcing strap having traverse ribs extending over the full length of the strip to provide better friction with earth and improve the reinforcement for structures of reinforced earth.
  • Today slabs of the type disclosed in Israel Patent 35046 are the most common cladding for reinforced earth structures. These slab claddings are usually arranged in an interlocking manner with the edges of one slab engaging those of the adjacent slab in tongue and groove arrangement. Reinforced earth can thus be prepared with a vertical end surface of 20 meters and more, having a cladding or facing of concrete slabs layered one upon the other to the very top of the structure, each concrete slab providing a barrier for lateral displacement of the ground adjacent to it, to which it is anchored by reinforcing straps.
  • US-4618283 a method of constructing an archway or similar structure is described.
  • the walls of the archway are made of mats formed of a fine mesh which are attached to similar mats which extend outwardly from the walls of the archway into the surrounding earth.
  • this method of construction it is the surrounding compacted earth which acts as the supporting structure for the roof of the archway with the mat walls of the archway functioning primarily to hold the earth in position.
  • One method of constructing an archway described in this document involves the provision of a metal liner or the formation of a concrete face behind the mat walls of the archway. This is described as having the advantage of giving the interior of the archway a more finished appearance.
  • the concrete slab claddings have heretofore been used exclusively as a facing for reinforced structures. It was thought that the cladding is not capable of supporting vertical loads, since it is composed of discrete elements with flexible joints between them. All vertical loads associated with reinforced earth structures were applied on the earth at the back of the cladding or transferred to underlying strata by other means such as piles or columns.
  • suitable cladding of reinforced earth structures can serve as load-supporting walls, capable of receiving vertical loads.
  • the horizontal forces in the straps, which are anchored to the cladding elements are translated into vertical reactions which enable the discrete elements to accept substantial vertical forces with very small deflections well within tolerable limits.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method of construction wherein concrete slab cladding of reinforced earth structures serve as load-bearing walls.
  • a structure comprising: a wall, a roof which applies a vertical force, and a reinforced earth fill structure in contact and coextensive with the wall, having a plurality of flexible reinforcing straps extending outwardly from the wall into the reinforced earth fill structure, characterised in that the wall comprises a cladding for the reinforced earth fill structure in the form of at least two load bearing tiers of interlocking concrete slabs disposed one on the other, with the vertical force exerted by the roof at the wall supported solely by the cladding and the reinforcing straps fixed to the concrete slabs, whereby when the wall is subjected to blast forces the interlocking concrete slabs provide a sufficient measure of flexibility to absorb the shock of the blast forces through displacement of the concrete slabs whilst maintaining adequate support for the roof.
  • the invention reside in a method of constructing a structure supporting a roof which applies a vertical force, the method comprising forming a wall; forming a reinforced earth fill structure in contact and coextensive with the wall, and providing a plurality of flexible reinforcing straps which extend outwardly from the wall into the reinforced earth fill structure characterised in that the wall comprises cladding formed by stacking concrete slabs one on the other with each of the concrete slabs interlocking with adjacent concrete slabs to form at least two load bearing tiers of slabs, the vertical force exerted by the roof at the wall being supported solely by the cladding and anchoring the cladding with the reinforcing straps fixed to the cladding, whereby when the wall is subject to blast forces the interlocking concrete slabs provide a sufficient measure of flexibility to absorb the shock of the blast forces through displacement of the concrete slabs whilst maintaining adequate support for the roof.
  • suitable cladding of reinforced earth structures can serve not only as facing for anchorage of the straps to prevent lateral displacement of the adjacent earth, but also as vertical load supporting walls, although such walls are not vertically rigid, but rather comprise multiple tiers of concrete slabs disposed one on the other.
  • FIG. 1 there are shown top and cross-sectional views respectively of a rectangular load bearing reinforced earth structure in accordance with the invention.
  • the structure consists of three vertical load bearing walls 20, 21 and 22 and one open side 23.
  • Each of the walls 20, 21 and 22 is comprised of three tiers 24, 25 and 26 of pre-cast concrete slab cladding anchored in position by reinforcing straps 27 buried in the earth 28.
  • the slabs are interlocking one with the other ( Figure 4) in both horizontal and vertical directions.
  • a concrete roof 29 is cast in place and is supported solely by the walls 20, 21 and 22.
  • the structure is covered with earth 30 which makes it undetectable from the air.
  • the pre-cast concrete slabs used to make the load bearing wall may be of the conventional type, having a cross-shaped and interlocking configuration ( Figure 4 ), and in the present example wall 20 comprises twelve slabs numbered 1-12 comprising several basic configurations, as is known in the art.
  • slab 4 has a basic shape for interlocking on four sides with adjacent slabs.
  • Slabs 3 and 5 are respectively terminal upper and lower slabs with the upper and lower edge respectively smoothly finished.
  • FIG. 5 Detailed construction of slab 4 is illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the cross-sectional joints 31, 32, 33 and 34 have a tongue 35 for engaging an adjacent slab in a corresponding groove 36 in a tongue and groove arrangement.
  • Anchors 37 are embedded in the concrete slab 4, as can better be seen in Figure 6.
  • Flexible reinforcing straps 38 are fixed to the anchors 37 by means of bolts 39.
  • Horizontal steel plate flanges 40 at the connection between the cladding element and the strap can optionally be introduced to further improve the interaction between the horizontal force exerted by the strap and the resistance to vertical forces applied on the cladding elements.
  • the vertical deflections under the static vertical loads as well as horizontal deformations of a structure subjected to blast loading will be further reduced, enabling construction of vertical load supporting walls without building a foundation.
  • ammunition depots made of such structures can be constructed at closer intervals one from the other since the debris and shock forces of internal explosion are spread over a much shorter distance
  • bomb shelters made of such structures can safely be provided with stone tile flooring, which is not the case with conventionally constructed bomb shelters.
  • Other applications of this invention include the construction of bridge abutments with shorter spans, thus eliminating elaborate support platforms which are presently required for carrying loads on reinforced earth.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Construction comprenant : un mur (20; 21; 22), un toit (29) qui applique une force verticale, et une structure de terre armée (28) en contact avec le mur et dans la même extension, comportant une pluralité de plaques de renfort flexibles (27) s'étendant vers l'extérieur depuis le mur dans la structure de terre armée (28), caractérisée en ce que le mur comprend un habillage pour la structure de terre armée (28) sous la forme d'au moins deux étages porteurs (24, 25, 26) de dalles de béton à emboîtement (1-12) disposées les unes sur les autres, avec la force verticale exercée par le toit au mur supportée uniquement par l'habillage, lesdites plaques de renfort étant fixées au dalles de béton (1-12), de sorte que lorsque le mur (20; 21; 22) est soumis à des forces d'explosion les dalles de béton à emboîtement (1-12) procurent un degré suffisant de flexibilité pour absorber le choc des forces d'explosion par déplacement des dalles de béton (1-12) tout en demeurant un support adéquat pour le toit (29).
  2. Construction selon la revendication 1, comprenant au moins deux murs espacés (20; 21; 22) supportant le toit.
  3. Construction selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle le toit (29) est un toit de béton.
  4. Construction selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le toit de béton (29) comprend en outre de la terre (30) sur lui.
  5. Construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle les dalles de béton (1-12) comportent des rebords horizontaux.
  6. Construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 utilisée dans un abri contre les bombes.
  7. Construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 utilisée dans un dépôt d'explosifs.
  8. Construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 utilisée dans un pont.
  9. Procédé de réalisation d'une construction supportant un toit (29) qui applique une force verticale, le procédé comprenant les phases consistant à former un mur (20; 21; 22), former une structure de terre armée (28) en contact avec le mur et dans la même extension, et disposer une pluralité de plaques de renfort flexibles (27) qui s'étendent vers l'extérieur depuis le mur dans la structure de terre armée (28), caractérisé en ce que le mur comprend un habillage formé en empilant des dalles de béton (1-12) les unes sur les autres avec chacune des dalles de béton (1-12) s'emboîtant avec les dalles de béton adjacentes (1-12) pour former au moins deux étages porteurs de dalles (1-12), la force verticale exercée par le toit au mur étant supportée uniquement par l'habillage et l'habillage étant ancré avec les plaques de renfort fixées à l'habillage, de sorte que lorsque le mur (20; 21; 22) est soumis à des forces d'explosion les dalles de béton à emboîtement (1-12) procurent un degré suffisant de flexibilité pour absorber le choc des forces d'explosion par déplacement des dalles de béton (1-12) tout en demeurant un support adéquat pour le toit (29).
EP91304995A 1990-06-04 1991-06-03 Constructions armées dans la terre et résistantes aux explosions et procédé de construction Expired - Lifetime EP0460891B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL94604A IL94604A (en) 1990-06-04 1990-06-04 Reinforced earth structure and method of construction thereof
IL94604 1990-06-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0460891A2 EP0460891A2 (fr) 1991-12-11
EP0460891A3 EP0460891A3 (en) 1992-01-22
EP0460891B1 true EP0460891B1 (fr) 1995-08-09

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EP91304995A Expired - Lifetime EP0460891B1 (fr) 1990-06-04 1991-06-03 Constructions armées dans la terre et résistantes aux explosions et procédé de construction

Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP0460891B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE126301T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69111907T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2051254T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3017962T3 (fr)
IL (1) IL94604A (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5207038A (en) * 1990-06-04 1993-05-04 Yermiyahu Negri Reinforced earth structures and method of construction thereof
GB2272468A (en) * 1992-11-17 1994-05-18 Sec Dep For Transport The Infilled wall
CN103046765B (zh) * 2013-01-24 2015-07-15 李海广 防空洞加固后继续使用的施工工艺
EP3508655B9 (fr) * 2018-01-05 2023-11-29 Benoit Delorme Système de fondation dalles sur sol isolé

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2014212B (en) * 1978-02-10 1982-06-03 Shaw C B Culverts
GB2152973B (en) * 1984-01-18 1987-04-23 Tekken Constr Co Method of building a cavity structure in an embankment
US4618283A (en) * 1984-09-06 1986-10-21 Hilfiker Pipe Co. Archway construction utilizing alternating reinforcing mats and fill layers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2051254T1 (es) 1994-06-16
ES2051254T3 (es) 1996-10-01
EP0460891A2 (fr) 1991-12-11
DE69111907D1 (de) 1995-09-14
DE69111907T2 (de) 1996-03-07
EP0460891A3 (en) 1992-01-22
ATE126301T1 (de) 1995-08-15
GR3017962T3 (en) 1996-02-29
IL94604A0 (en) 1991-04-15
IL94604A (en) 1992-01-15

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