Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
  • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
  • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
  • F01K25/065—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids with an absorption fluid remaining at least partly in the liquid state, e.g. water for ammonia

Definitions

• RELATED APPLICATION The usual way of converting heat into mechanical work (and then electricity) is based on the Ranking cycle. A liquid (water) is heated up to s"per heated steam. Expanding the steam through a turbine, work is produced. The saturated steam at the turbine exit is condensed, at the same time rejecting heat to the ambient and subsequently compressed to a higher pressure level before being heated again.
• Applicant has improved the above system mainly by adding the following processes:
• the liquid is heated up in a steam generator and is partially evaporated, splited into a gaseous working fluid consisted mainly from the lower boiling component and a lean solution with respect to lower boiling component, After successive reheatings and expansions the gaseous working fluid is absorbed by the lean solution returning to absorber.
• the purpose of this procedure is to increase the thermal efficiency of the cycle by expanding the gaseous working fluid to a low temperature and by reducing the heat amount rejected to ambient.
• This invention relates to a method of generating energy in the form of useful energy from a heat source.
• the new ther odynamic cycle developed from this method has an improved heat utilization effeciency, compired with thermodynamic cycles which are in commercial application now and utilize heat sources available at the same temperature.
• a method of generating energy comprises:
• the gaseous working fluid released in the steam generator may be flashed to separate high and low boiling working fluid, depending on the conditions of temperature, pressure and comcentration prevailing in .the steam generator as well as the particular rnulticomponent working fluid.
• the gaseous working fluid released in the steam generator may be super heated instead of cooled. the other steps of the method remaining the same. Cooling of tne gaseous working fluid released in the steam generator, by means of heat recovery from the rnulticomponent working fluid, decreases the heat requirments of the cycle and increases the thermal efficiency cf the cycle.
• the expanded gaseous working fluid may be successively reheated and expanded one or more times.
• reheating may take place from a heat source at ambient or even lower temeprature. In this way, cogeneration of power and refrigeration is possible.
• a power cycle which rejects condensation heat at a temeprature lower than the ambient temeprature and a thermodynamic cycle converting heat of the ambient to useable work has been achieved.
• the method may include repe titions of the steps of
• the heat required for the reheatings may be selected from one or more members of the group comprising:
• the absorber may be divided into two stages. The first stage rejects heat to the ambient and the second stage rejects heat to the gaseous working fluid. The second stage may therefore be kept at a temperature lower than the ambient temperature. This lower temperature gives the ability to increase the concentration in lower boiling cc-iponent of the initial multicomponet fluid or to decrease the pressure of a portion of the condensing gaseous working fluid.
• the method may include the steps of:
• the temperature of the absorption may be high enough, to be used for space heating or objects heating.
• the method may include the step of transfering the ' energy released in the absolber to use it for space or objects heating.
• the heat source which is used in the steam generator to heat and partially evaporate the multi- component working fluid may be selected from one or more members of the group comprising; (a) The heat released at the absorber of another thermodynamic cycle as it has been described above; (b) the heat released at the condender of a Ranking power cycle.
• the initial rnulticomponent working fluid may be totally or partially evaporated.
• the evaporated working fluid is superheated and expanded through a turbine.
• the expanded working fluid is cooled, so that a liquid consisted mainly of the higher boiling working fluid is greated.
• the remaining gaseous working fluid consisted of the lower boiling working fluid is expanded through a turbine to a lower pressure level than that of the higher boiling working fluid condensation pressure.
• the condensed working fluid is subcooled and expanded to a lower pressure level where the lower boiling working fluid is finally absorbed.
• the gaseous working fluid released in the absorber may undergo a multithermal, compression so that the working pressure will be increased.
• the method may conveniently include the repeated steps of:
• a modification can be made to the method based on different solubility of a working fluid in an intermediate absorbent fluid. At least two different substances are used in solutions with a common working fluid.
• the first solution is a weak absorbent fluid and the second is an intermediate absorbent fluid.
• the intemediate fluid is used in one stage of the absorber to concentrate the weak absorbent solution by solvent extraction.
• T.iis method includes the steps of:
• the expansion of the working fluid from a charged high pressure level to a spent low pressure level to transform its energy to useable form may be effected by any suitable conventional means known to those skilled in the art.
• the working fluid may be expanded to drive a turbine of conventional type.
• a sol ⁇ vent is solid state is used instead of a liquid phase. he solvent cousists of peaces so that the contact area with the absorbed gas is greater.
• the heat transfer from absorber - cold tank - and to steam generator - heat tank - can be per ⁇ formed with any way known to those dealed in the art.
• the gas may expanded to couver its energy to useable form. he expansion takes place through a machine like a tur ⁇ bine to produce mechanical work.
• the couple of the substances i.e. the heat tank and the cold tank may have the same or different composition.
• the tank that has been cooled to absorb the gas is now heated to release the gas.
• the gas is expanded again through the turbine.In the exit of the turbine, the gas is absorbed by the other tank which is now cooled (which in the first step was heate ) .
• FIG. 1. shows a schematic representation of one system for carry out the method of the invection.
• FIG. 2. shows a schematic representation of another system for carry out the method of the invection recovering absorption heat in order to heat the initial multicomponent working fluid.
• FIG. 3. shows a schematic representation of another system for carry out the method of the invention, using an intermediate absorbent fluid.
• FIG.1 of the drawings refers generally to one embodiment of a thermodynamic system or cycle in accordance with this invention.
• This system or cycle comprises a ⁇ ain steam generating stage q..1 a first turbine 1.1 and a second turbine 2.1 , a first absorption stage -.1. and a second absorption stage 3.1, a hydroturbine 5.1, a first heat exnanger 6.1. and a second heat exchanger 7.1. a flashing system 11.1 and another heat exchanger 12.1.
• This solution is splitted into two streams .
• the first stream is heated through the heat exchanger 6.1. by the lean solution that flows along line 13.1 to the absorber.
• the second stream is heated through the heat exchanger 7.1. by the gaseous working fluid which leaves steam generator. 9.1. along line 14.1.
• the two preheated stream are driven to the stea . generator 9.1. along line 15.1.
• the solution is heated in the steam generator by a heat source 8.1.__.
• the first one is a lean liquid solution which is impoverished in ammonia.
• the second one is a gaseous working fluid enriched in ammonia.
• the lean solution having a high temperature and pressure is cooled through heat exchanger 6.1. , where its heat is recovered by the rich solution, then expanded through hydro-turbine 5.1. and finally enters absober along line 13.1.
• the gaseous working fluid is cooled through heat exchanger 7. , where its heat is recovered by the rich solution, flashed through flashing system 11.1. and enters turbine 1.1. It is expanded through the turbine 1.1. transforming its energy to mechanical work.
• the gaseous working fluid exits turbine at a temperature lower than the absorber temperature and is reheated from the second stage of the absorber 3.1. through a heat exchanger.
• the reheated gaseous working fluid is expanded through the turbine 2.1 to transform its energy to mechanical work, reheated through absorption stage 3.1. and enters absorber where it is absorbed by the lean solution and forms the initial rich solutions.
• the first stage of the absorber -i . 1 . is cooled by a working fluid stream like airor water through 10.1.
• FIG. 2. of the drawings refers generally to another embodiment of a thermodynamic system or cycle in accordance with this inve n tion.
• This system or cycle comprises a steam generating stage 9.2, a turbine 1.2 a first absorption stage - ⁇ .2 and a second absorption stage 3.2, a hydro-turbine 5.2. heat exchangers 6.2. and 7.2 and a flashing system 11.2
• a steam generating stage 9.2 a turbine 1.2 a first absorption stage - ⁇ .2 and a second absorption stage 3.2
• a flashing system 11.2 In use, using an ammonia water working solution as a binary working fluid, initial solution in liquid state, of ammonia-water at low pressure is pumped from the first - ⁇ .2 and second 3.2. absorption stages through a hydro-turbine 5.2. to the higher steam generat ⁇ r pressure level along line 15.2. The said liquid solution is preheated through the absorption stages
• the first one is a lean liquid solution which is improverishec in ammonia and which is cooled along line 13.2 by initial solution and or ambient air in heat exchanger 6.2. and expanded through a hydro-turbine or an expansion value 5.2.
• the second fluid stream is a gaseous working fluid enriched in ammonia which is cooled along line 14.2 by initial solution or a biant air in heat exchanger 7.2.
• the gaseous working fluid is expanded through the turbine 1.2 to produce useable work, and then it is reheated through absorption stage 3.2, and enters absorber 4.2. and 3.2. where it is absorbed and condensed to generate initial solution.
• Fig. 3 refers to another embodiment of a thermodynamic system or cycle in accordance with this invention.
• the system or sycle represented by this figure comprises a first stage of an absorber 4.3, a second stage of an absorber 3.3. a hydro-turbine 5,3 a pump 15.3 a first stage of a sepasator 16.3 a second stage of a separator 17.3. a steam generator 9.3 and a turbine 1.3,
• a gaseous working fluid is absorbed by the weak absorbent in the first stage of absorber 4.3.
• the intermediate solution absorbs water from the weak solution in the second stage absorber 3.3-
• the consentrated weak solution impoverished in water, flows along line 18.3, to be used again for absorbing the gaseous working solution.
• the enriched in water intermediate absorbent is pumped to the separator 16.3 where it is heated.
• the multicomponent system is a binary system of ammonia-water.
• the lower boiling component is ammonia and the higher boiling component is water.
• the work produced is the sum of the work produce.d from turbine 1.1 and turbine 2.1 This work is the enthalpy change between turbine inlet and outlet.
• the solid substance is a metalic hybride.lt is LaNi 4.,_7,A10 ⁇ ,3_, having absorbed a substance of low boiling point.This substance is hydrogen (H 2 ).
• the heat required at the heat tank to release hydrogen is:

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

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• 1990
  • 1990-11-20 EP EP19900916790 patent/EP0458917A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-11-20 AU AU67196/90A patent/AU6719690A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-11-20 WO PCT/GR1990/000008 patent/WO1991007573A2/en not_active Ceased

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