EP0457973A1 - Method for measuring the elevation and/or the subsidence of a building and measuring devices for applying the method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for raising and/or lowering a building by means of hydraulic lifting devices, which can be activated individually in succession or simultaneously in groups under computer control, and measuring devices, the individual lifting devices each being provided with level measuring devices and a central device for ascertaining the position of the building being provided, each lifting device (1) additionally being provided with a pressure pick-up (2). Data lines (5) lead from each lifting device (1) to a central computing unit (8) which transmit the lift and/or pressure values ascertained for the individual lifting devices, and the values ascertained are compared individually with values stored in a memory (9) of the central device (13) and the individual lifting devices (1) activated as a function of the result of comparison. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method for lifting and / or lowering a building according to the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a measuring device for performing the method.

Several methods are known for lifting or aligning structures or parts of structures and industrial plants such as buildings, bridges and machine foundations with hydraulic lifting devices.

In a method known from DE-OS 21 63 880 for lifting and moving buildings, the control of the individual lifting cylinder groups or the mutual coordination of their stroke paths is accomplished by imparting a pressure medium quantity metering. The lifting cylinders of systems for lifting buildings are preferably combined in three lifting cylinder groups, the lifting cylinders of each group being communicatively connected to one another and each lifting cylinder group being assigned its own pressure medium source. Each lift cylinder group is only equipped with a device for stroke travel detection. The lifting cylinder groups are simultaneously pressurized and the lifting process is only checked on the basis of the stroke. With different load conditions or in the event that the subsoil or the foundations give way, the pressure within the higher-loaded cylinder group increases automatically. This increase in pressure is not monitored with this method and, if the load is too high, could cause the failure of an entire cylinder group and the building would not be protected against cracking or a sudden redistribution of loads.

In a device known from DE-OS 29 05 735, load conversions in settling or shifting bearings are supported by rigid structures that are supported several times over a predetermined one Differential load also prevents that the pressure chambers of the lifting cylinders are hydraulically connected to each other under the individual point supports. If the differential load is too high, the pressure difference between two pressure chambers is reduced to a permissible level by opening a shut-off device in the connecting line. This pressure difference regulation only occurs between lifting cylinders that are connected to each other and only after the building has been raised. Such regulation is not provided during the lifting process.

Another method is known from DE-OS 30 23 892 in which the starting position of the building is optically measured as the actual value and fed to a central controller. This compares the actual value with the building dimensions and the positions of the lifting cylinders and forms target values for the individual lifting cylinders. After the stroke, the individually measured stroke distances are fed via the individual controllers to the central controller, which checks and determines new setpoints. If the actual stroke distances do not correspond to the specified ones in the event of faults, a signal is triggered and the lifting process is interrupted. The individual values are not linked to one another so that the lifting cylinders are controlled without taking into account the other lifting cylinders and their behavior. This leads to the fact that the lifting process has to be interrupted with each stroke deviation without an attempt to compensate. A pressure measurement is also not carried out so that monitoring of the support forces and their changes is not possible.

In a further device, which is known from DE-OS 36 11 753, some of the disadvantages mentioned in the previous method are avoided in which a distance sensor and an oil pressure sensor are arranged separately for each lifting device. Actual values are compared with target values for distances and for oil pressures.

In this known device, the lifting devices are controlled only on the basis of the distance-target-actual comparison. With oil pressure it is only checked whether the value is still within the permissible range. If the range is exceeded or undershot, the lifting process is stopped as a result of an alarm. The pressure values are therefore only compared with the limit values and the monitoring of a possible change in the pressure values, e.g. due to the successive polling of individual lifting devices does not take place. Since a pressure deviation in the lifting devices reflects the changes in the support forces, monitoring the pressure deviation could not only keep the load limits of the lifting devices and the building at this point, but also compensate for excessive changes in the support forces if necessary by actuating other lifting devices.

It has also been shown in practice that in a building with a large number of lifting devices, these cannot be controlled individually at the same time because of the very high power requirement. For this reason, lifting devices have been numbered in the past and, in this given sequence, quasi simultaneously one after the other controlled. However, some structures do not allow such a procedure due to its structure. These structures, such as chimneys, must be lifted at several specific points at the same time to prevent damage and possible destruction of the structure.

The invention has for its object to provide a method for lifting and / or lowering a structure and a measuring device for performing the method, while avoiding the disadvantages of the known methods mentioned above, which the behavior of the structure and the lifting devices during the lifting, or Lowering process is better monitored and thus the lifting and / or lowering of structures that can be damaged even with smaller load redistributions is made possible.

This object is achieved with the characterizing features of claim 1.

The invention is based on the knowledge that the control of all individual or grouped lifting devices takes into account deviations and / or faults in other lifting devices.

The procedure is explained below:
The pressure and stroke values of the individual lifting devices are queried sequentially and transmitted to a central processing unit via data lines. These values are then compared with values stored in a central memory Facility are recorded, compared individually. The output pressure values, the limit pressure values, the output and the end level of the individual lifting devices determined on the basis of the structural statics are recorded in the memory of the central device.

The positions of the lifting devices, which could be combined as a group with the individual lifting device, are also recorded in the memory. If deviations in value or exceeding or falling short of values are determined in the comparison, the relevant lifting device or another lifting device or lifting devices is controlled using an allocation memory in order to remedy this deviation.

At the beginning of the lifting process, certain deviations are unavoidable, because the building cannot be precisely determined due to the large number of materials used with fluctuating properties and / or missing information on the structure of the building. In addition, the subsoil cannot be regarded as a uniform structure, which means that a redistribution of loads due to slight shifts in the structure had taken place before the elevation. The output pressure values at the start of the lifting process are therefore compared with the values stored in the memory and corrected if necessary.

In the event of pressure value deviations that occur due to the different load-bearing capacity of the subsurface or the substructure, an attempt is made on the basis of the allocation memory to control the lifting device in question or to compensate for another lifting device or other lifting devices. If this measure is unsuccessful, i.e. if a limit pressure value recorded in the memory is exceeded or undershot or if the deviation between the lifting points is too large, which leads to a predetermined radius of curvature being exceeded, the lifting process is interrupted and the lifting devices are fixed in their respective positions. Additional lifting devices can then be installed or the subsurface or substructure reinforced with auxiliary structures. If a lifting device fails, the lifting process is only stopped automatically after an unsuccessful attempt to compensate. The non-functioning lifting device can then be replaced and the lifting process continued. Thus, the lifting process does not necessarily have to be set at a different value, and structures which are easily damaged by even small changes in load can be successfully raised and / or lowered using this method.

The method according to the invention further provides that lifting cylinders, which are arranged as support points under a rigid element in the building and have the same pressure values combined as a group, can be actuated simultaneously. This also applies analogously to several lifting devices which are arranged under a support point. The lifting devices that have been combined into a group can be controlled separately at any time. In addition, based on the actual load condition of the structure, an individual lifting order can be determined, which is always only the number of lifting cylinders controls at the same time that are required for safe lifting of the structure. The other lifting cylinders are then actuated one after the other, so to speak. The maximum power requirement is thus reduced without causing damage to the structure.

An additional development of the method according to the invention is the type of level measurement. The level of the individual lifting devices is determined using a differential measurement. An electronic hose scale is preferred as the measuring device. From a reference point, hoses are placed on each lifting device and filled with water or another liquid. At the end of the hoses, in the area of the lifting device, the inner walls of the hoses are provided with capacitive sensors. The capacity of the transducers drops with a falling liquid level. During the lifting process, the liquid level in the hose drops and the capacity of the transducers decreases.

The capacity values are queried sequentially during the lifting process and, as already described, transmitted to the central processing unit via data lines. The capacity of the hoses of the individual lifting devices is compared with the capacity of the reference point in the computing unit and the capacity difference is determined. The level difference value can be calculated on the basis of this capacity difference. This is then compared with the previous measured value and the difference gives the stroke of the lifting device.

For each lifting device, a number of lifting devices is stored in the memory, the level measurement values of which are compared with the level measurement value of the lifting device. If a predefined radius of curvature is exceeded in the comparison, the relevant lifting device or another lifting device or lifting devices is controlled on the basis of the allocation memory in order to remedy this exceeding.

• Figur 1 ein Blockschaltbild der Hubsteuerung
• Figur 2 eine schematische Ansicht einer eingebauten Hubvorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäße Verfahren.

Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are shown below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures. Show it:

• Figure 1 is a block diagram of the stroke control
• Figure 2 is a schematic view of an installed lifting device for performing the method according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 the block diagram of the stroke control is shown.

The data relating to pressure, level and height change ascertained by the measuring device 2, 3, 19 connected to each lifting device 1 each reach the central processing unit 8 of the central device 13 via an input / output unit 4 and a serial data bus 5 Input / output units 4 as microprocessors and the central processing unit 8 as an industry standard PC. The PC has one Main memory (RAM) 9 and a program and mass storage 12 in the form of disk and floppy disk drives. The measurement data are compared individually via address bus lines 6 with the data in the assignment tables 10 in the main memory (RAM) 9, taking into account the specifications in the mass memory (ROM) 12. If no deviations are found in the comparison, the individual or predetermined groups of lifting devices 1 are controlled by the input / output unit 4 according to the predetermined sequence in the mass memory (ROM) 12. Here, the valve 17 and the hydraulic unit 14 are opened and the displacement transducer 19 measures the change in height on the lifting device 1 or in the niche 25. If a comparison is found to show a deviation or an overshoot or undershoot of the stored specifications, the program is stored in the variable allocation memory 11 accessed and carried out step by step. After the program has run, the measuring devices 2, 3, 19 are queried again and compared with the data in the assignment tables 10 in the main memory (RAM) 9, taking into account the specifications in the mass memory (ROM) 12. If the compensation has been successful, the individual or predefined groups of lifting devices 1 are controlled by the input / output unit 4 in the predefined sequence in the mass memory (ROM) 12. If deviations or exceeding or falling short are still detected, an alarm signal is issued and the lifting process is interrupted.

Only one lifting device 1 has been shown schematically in the figure, but it is possible, as already described in detail in the preceding description, one large number of lifting devices 1, which are required, for example, when lifting a larger building, to be controlled individually or in groups from this central device 13.

It can be seen that various parameters or groups of parameters can be stored in the memory, which contain limit values, when exceeded or undershot, control signals are issued which trigger alarm states or informative displays. In this way, the lifting or alignment status can always be precisely monitored by checking the pressure conditions. Depending on the combinations of measured values achieved according to the given samples in accordance with the spatial arrangement of the lifting devices and by corresponding comparison of the measured value samples with the comparison samples, complex lifting processes including the possible limit and danger areas can be safely controlled.

Corresponding assignment (programming) with regard to the pressure values to be expected can, in a preferred embodiment, also be used to switch the comparison patterns by means of logical links.

In Fig. 2, a lifting device is shown schematically. The lifting device 1 is installed under a wall 24 in a niche 25. The hydraulic unit 14 has an inlet 15 and an outlet line 16 in which control valves 17, 18 are installed. The pressure sensor 2 is arranged behind the control valve 17 in the inlet line 15. The displacement sensor 19 is designed as a wire rope displacement sensor and is attached between the lower and upper edge of the recess 25. The displacement sensor 19 can also be designed as a linear displacement sensor and is then arranged between the fixed and movable part of the lifting device 1. In this preferred embodiment, the level measuring device consists of an electronic hose scale 3. For this purpose, a hose 20 is attached to the rear of the lifting device 1 and is equipped with a capacitive sensor 21 on its inner wall. The other end of the hose 20 is designed in the same way and is fixed at the reference point 22. Hose lines are laid from reference point 22 to all lifting devices 1 and capacitive sensor 21 is also provided with a microprocessor-controlled input / output unit and communicates with central device 13 via the same serial data bus 5 as lifting devices 1. Thus For the individual lifting devices 1, the pressure values, the level and the last travel distance traveled can be measured or ascertained.

The embodiment of the invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiment specified above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which make use of the solution shown even in the case of fundamentally different types.

Claims (14)

Method for lifting and / or lowering a building by means of hydraulic lifting devices which can be controlled individually in succession or in groups at the same time, and measuring devices, wherein

the individual lifting devices are each provided with a level measuring device and

a central facility is provided for recording the current building position,

characterized,

that each lifting device (1) is additionally provided with a pressure sensor (2),

that from each lifting device (1) data lines (5) lead to a central processing unit (8) as part of the central device, which transmit the lifting and / or pressure values determined for an individual lifting device,

that the determined values are compared individually with values stored in a memory (9) of the central device (13) and the individual lifting devices (1) are controlled as a function of the comparison result. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting devices (1) and or measuring devices (2, 3) are activated or queried sequentially. Method according to one of the preceding claims, that pressure changes are determined by forming the difference between the pressure values during successive queries of the individual lifting devices (1). Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pressure values or pressure change values determined are compared with predetermined values stored in a memory and the deviations are determined by forming the difference. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current pressure values or differential pressure values for successive measurements form a data pattern, in particular in the form of a two-dimensional matrix, and in the evaluation the peak values and / or the sum of the deviations in an adjacent or within a spatial area arranged lifting devices are compared. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the event of pressure deviations, actuation of individual lifting devices or lifting devices arranged in a spatially connected area in a direction counteracting the deviation in the sense of compensation. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 6, characterized in that in the event of a deviation of one or more pressure values by more than a predetermined value or persistent deviation despite compensation, an alarm signal is output, in particular the lifting process being interrupted after the alarm signal being output and the lifting devices (1) can be locked in their respective positions. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that parameters are recorded in the memory (12) for individual or predetermined groups of lifting devices (1), parameter values of which are:

the assignment or combination of individual lifting devices (1) to groups for the purpose of common control,

a predetermined sequential rate of stroke sequences for individual or predeterminable groups of lifting devices (1),

the sequence of the activation of the individual or predetermined groups of lifting devices (1),

the maximum duration of the entire lifting process for individual or specifiable groups of lifting devices (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the parameter values is:

the outlet pressure value,

the maximum limit pressure value,

the starting position,

the final stroke

and these are held in a memory (9) for each lifting device (1). Method according to claim 11, characterized in that at the beginning of the lifting process the pressure values of the individual lifting devices (1) measured by the measuring device (2) are compared with the output pressure values stored in the assignment table (10) and the stored pressure value is corrected in the event of a deviation and / or depending on the measured values determined, the comparison pressure values are switched. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that lifting devices (1) can be controlled and queried in groups under different support points (23) of a rigid component, which have the same pressure values. Measuring device for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure sensor (2) is arranged in the pressure line. Measuring device (3) for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the level measurements of the individual lifting devices (1) are determined by means of an electronic hose balance (3). Measuring device according to claim 13, characterized in that the hose balance consists of hoses connected to a reference point and filled with liquid, which are provided in the region of their ends on the inner wall with a capacitive sensor (21) of a level measuring device, each of which is connected to the movable part of a lifting device (1) or laid to the upper edge of the niche and firmly connected to it.

Images