EP0457126B1 - Collector for an electric motor or generator - Google Patents

Collector for an electric motor or generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0457126B1
EP0457126B1 EP91107174A EP91107174A EP0457126B1 EP 0457126 B1 EP0457126 B1 EP 0457126B1 EP 91107174 A EP91107174 A EP 91107174A EP 91107174 A EP91107174 A EP 91107174A EP 0457126 B1 EP0457126 B1 EP 0457126B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
collector
bush element
collector according
insulating material
aperture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91107174A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0457126A2 (en
EP0457126A3 (en
Inventor
Friedrich W. Nettelhoff
Theo Bremkes
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Friedrich Nettelhoff Spezialfabrik fur Kleinkollektoren KG
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Friedrich Nettelhoff Spezialfabrik fur Kleinkollektoren KG
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Publication of EP0457126A3 publication Critical patent/EP0457126A3/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/04Commutators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/14Fastenings of commutators or slip-rings to shafts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a collector for an electric motor or generator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Collectors in particular with the high and still increasing production numbers of electric motors, despite the traditional basic structure with an insulating material body, preferably made of a thermoset, and with metallic fins on the circumference (cylinder collector) or an end face (plan collector) have a multi-step, in the most varied of details undergone attacking development, which take into account the requirements for their function, for simple and safe installation, for robustness and durability, and last but not least for low production costs.
  • Such a bushing element requires tightly tolerated production.
  • the bushing element has to be reworked in order to compensate for adjustment errors during assembly and during pressing.
  • Such post-processing of the cast-in metallic bushing element is costly.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a collector with an insulating base body stiffened by a bushing element, which is simpler and therefore cheaper to manufacture, enables the simplest possible assembly and achieves great robustness and durability.
  • this object is achieved, starting from a collector according to the preamble of claim 1, with the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • Providing a layer of insulating material on the inside of a socket element, which in turn forms the opening with a predetermined inside diameter, has proven to be a trick that is advantageous in several respects.
  • This solution is based on the basic idea that the socket element itself forms the opening and directly absorbs all spreading and pressing forces in order to shield the insulating material behind it.
  • the inside layer of insulating material with the socket element "in the back” is very well able to absorb the forces that occur during pressing and are necessary for a press fit and to pass them on to the socket element.
  • the inner layer of insulating material forms the opening, in many cases this can already be formed with sufficient precision by the molding process itself, without any need for post-processing. It is also of interest that a layer formed in insulating material, due to its lower rigidity, can be given a greater tolerance than a bushing element made of a higher strength material, such as steel. In many cases, the opening with sufficient dimensional accuracy can already be achieved with the pressing process for introducing the insulating material.
  • Another important advantage of the collector designed according to the invention results in the assembly, in which there is no longer any fear that pressing the collector leads to damage to the motor shaft or to the bushing element.
  • the dreaded "fretting" - the cold welding of surface areas under high pressure by rubbing metal surfaces against one another - not only endangers the seat of the collector with corresponding damage to the socket element or shaft, it can also cause damage to the protruding end of the motor shaft, which then destroyed the seat of a roller bearing to be subsequently installed.
  • Such a risk of damage has been eliminated in the material combination of insulating material / steel and an unproblematic application of the collector to the motor shaft has been created.
  • the inner layer of insulating material is expediently designed to be at least 0.5 mm, preferably 1 to 2 mm thick, around the bushing element regardless of tolerances in its arrangement before and during the introduction of the insulating material, in order to achieve sufficient flexibility of the opening for the press fit and, if necessary, also to ensure adequate insulation.
  • the inner layer can also perform insulation tasks. These are particularly in demand when double insulation of all live parts is to be provided in accordance with the relevant safety regulations.
  • the intermediate layer made of insulating material between the socket element and the shaft can be used if the socket element consists of metal.
  • a bushing element in the form of a tubular section made of steel is available particularly inexpensively and is therefore primarily considered.
  • Other high-strength materials, such as other metals, fiber composites or ceramics, are by no means excluded.
  • the bushing element does not need to form a completely closed repositioning surface for the expansion pressures emanating from the press fit, as long as it only absorbs the forces in the form of a surface. In principle, this can also be done with a sieve-like or net-like bushing element that is sufficiently tightly stiff and resilient.
  • Partial areas that the socket element releases in its cylinder plane for material bridges between the inner layer of insulating material and the other base body are even expedient in order to secure the bond within the base body, in particular also with regard to shear risks along the interfaces between the insulating material and the socket element.
  • Such transition areas can be advantageous in a metallic socket element the end faces are relocated by the bushing element only having a shorter axial length than the insulating body.
  • the connection of the socket element with the adjacent insulating material on the inner surface and / or outer surface can be improved by profiling, for example by transverse or threaded grooves.
  • an adhesion promoter layer can promote the connection. All of this results in particular from those shear loads that occur when the collector is pressed onto a motor shaft.
  • a collector is generally designated 1, which has the shape of a cylinder collector with lamellae 2 arranged on the circumference, which are embedded in a known manner via inner webs, not shown, in an essentially cylindrical base body 3 made of insulating material, namely a thermoset.
  • the collector is rotationally symmetrical with respect to an axis 4 and is provided on the inside with a continuous opening 5.
  • the opening 5 is delimited on the circumference by an inner wall 6, which is provided for a press fit on an electric motor shaft.
  • the inner wall 6 merges via a chamfer 7 into an end face 8 which forms the front of the collector during the press-in movement.
  • the chamfer 7 makes it easier to attach, align and center the collector in relation to the motor shaft and prevents canting and damage.
  • One of the end faces 8 opposite end face 9 is formed in a longitudinal section in a step-like manner with an inner annular surface 10 and an annular surface 11 that springs back opposite it, the latter being flush with the lamellae 2, so that both form an air gap with adjacent metal parts, such as a roller or spherical bearing get the shaft of the electric motor. This avoids the risk of contact between electrically conductive metal parts, in particular between the live plates 2 and the mechanical structure of the motor.
  • a socket element 12 is embedded, in such a way that it maintains a distance of about 1 mm to the inner wall 6 with an inner jacket 13, this distance being formed by an intermediate layer 14 made of the same insulating material as the other base body 3 forms.
  • the bushing element also has a smaller axial length than the base body 3, so that its end faces 15 and 16 do not reach the end faces 8 and 9 of the base body 3.
  • the insulating material of the base body bridges and encloses the socket element on both ends. This gives the intermediate layer 14 an integral connection to the rest of the base body 3.
  • the socket element 12 encloses the inner wall 6 and supports the layer 14 when absorbing spreading forces in the pressed-on state.
  • the socket element 12 is formed from a material of higher strength and rigidity than the insulating material, in the present case from steel. In this way, the intermediate layer is held and stabilized by all-round pressure, and the bushing element absorbs the spreading forces from the press fit against the motor shaft.
  • the collector is very easy to assemble, since it can be pushed onto a steel shaft with an inner layer of insulating material much better and less critically than, for example, a collector with an inner metal bushing.
  • the collector 1 is also relatively easy and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the lamellae 2 and the socket element 12 are arranged in a press mold in the manner in which they should lie in the finished collector.
  • the slats are fixed to each other and in the form of special brackets in the manner of a "lost formwork".
  • the socket element could also be fixed, for example, by a molded ring made of plastic. In the present case, however, it is provided that the bushing element 12 stands on a ring of twelve claws standing in a ring shape with respect to one another and is centered by them with internal engagement the corresponding recesses 18 are left in the finished collector.
  • the cavity of the collector is kept clear by a central mandrel, so that after the remaining cavities have been sprayed out with a thermosetting plastic as insulating material, a collector blank is produced.
  • This blank differs from the collector shown only in that insulating gaps 19 still have to be milled out between the slats 2.
  • the collector can already be manufactured by injection molding without reworking the inner wall 6. However, as far as reworking is necessary, it can be carried out quickly and easily because the insulating material is much easier to machine than a metal bushing on the inside.
  • the socket must be sufficiently firm to perform its function. In the simplest case, this can be achieved with a metal bushing for which a wide variety of materials, including alloys or sintered metals, can be considered. However, a higher-strength plastic or a composite, for example with a fiber reinforcement, can also be used.
  • the bushing can have profiles or openings that counteract shearing. Also bushings in lattice shape or helical shape, also multi-part bushings made of rings can be used with advantage.

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  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kollektor für einen Elektromotor oder -generator nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a collector for an electric motor or generator according to the preamble of claim 1.

Kollektoren haben insbesondere mit den hohen und immer noch zunehmenden Produktionszahlen von Elektromotoren trotz des überkommenen Grundaufbaus mit einem Isolierstoff-Grundkörper, vorzugsweise aus einem Duroplast, und mit metallischen Lamellen am Umfang (Zylinderkollektor) oder einer Stirnseite (Plankollektor) eine vielschrittige, an den verschiedensten Details angreifende Entwicklung durchgemacht, die den Anforderungen an deren Funktion, an eine einfache und sichere Montage, an Robustheit und Langlebigkeit und nicht zuletzt an niedrige Gestehungskosten Rechnung tragen.Collectors, in particular with the high and still increasing production numbers of electric motors, despite the traditional basic structure with an insulating material body, preferably made of a thermoset, and with metallic fins on the circumference (cylinder collector) or an end face (plan collector) have a multi-step, in the most varied of details undergone attacking development, which take into account the requirements for their function, for simple and safe installation, for robustness and durability, and last but not least for low production costs.

Besonders starke Belastungen für einen Kollektor treten bei der Montage auf, bei der der Anschluß von Wicklungsleitern an die Lamellen und mehr noch das Aufpressen eines solchen Kollektors auf eine Motorwelle kritisch sind. Letzteres hat früher bei Kollektoren mit einem einheitlich aus einem Duroplast bestehenden Isolierstoff-Grundkörper zu kritischen Beanspruchungen geführt, die auch dann gefährlich waren, wenn sie lediglich unsichtbare innere Zerstörungen oder Risse hervorriefen.Particularly heavy loads for a collector occur during assembly, in which the connection of winding conductors to the fins and moreover the pressing of such a collector onto a motor shaft is critical are. In the past, the latter has led to critical stresses on collectors with a basic insulating material body consisting of a thermoset, which were dangerous even if they only caused invisible internal destruction or cracks.

Bei typischen Aufpreßkräften von mehreren tausend Newton beim Aufbringen eines Kollektors auf eine Elektromotorwelle macht man deshalb schon seit langem von Möglichkeiten einer Armierung Gebrauch, bei der der Sitz des Kollektors zur Welle hin durch eine innenliegende metallische Buchse gebildet wird, die sehr viel höhere Spreiz- und Reibungskräfte beim Aufpressen aufzunehmen vermag als der Isolierstoff. Ein solches Buchsenelement ist aufgrund der hohen Belastbarkeit und Steifigkeit des Metalls in der Lage, den Isolierstoff wirksam vor den hohen Schub- und Zugbelastungen beim Aufpressen und den danach dauernd vom Preßsitz ausgehenden Zugbelastungen freizuhalten.With typical press-on forces of several thousand Newtons when applying a collector to an electric motor shaft, one has long made use of options for reinforcement, in which the collector's seat towards the shaft is formed by an internal metallic bushing that has much higher expansion and Frictional forces when pressed on can absorb as the insulating material. Due to the high load capacity and rigidity of the metal, such a bushing element is able to effectively keep the insulating material free from the high shear and tensile loads during the pressing on and the tensile loads continuously resulting thereafter from the press fit.

Ein solches Buchsenelement setzt allerdings eine eng tolerierte Fertigung voraus. Typischerweise muß das Buchsenelement, nachdem es zusammen mit den Lamellen mit Isolierstoff zu einem integralen Grundkörper verpreßt worden ist, nachbearbeitet werden, um Justierfehler bei der Montage und beim Verpressen auszugleichen. Eine solche Nachbearbeitung des eingegossenen metallischen Buchsenelements ist kostenaufwendig.Such a bushing element, however, requires tightly tolerated production. Typically, after it has been pressed together with the fins with insulating material to form an integral base body, the bushing element has to be reworked in order to compensate for adjustment errors during assembly and during pressing. Such post-processing of the cast-in metallic bushing element is costly.

Es hat dementsprechend auch schon Versuche gegeben, statt eines metallischen Buchsenelements ein Schraubenfederelement an der Innenseite der Bohrung in den Isolierstoff-Grundkörper einzubetten, welches aufgrund seiner Elastizität einfach und bündig auf einen Dorn in der Spritzform für den Isolierstoff-Grundkörper aufzubringen ist. Allerdings reicht ein solches Federelement nur bedingt aus, die Aufpreß- und Sitzkräfte aufzufangen, weil es in axialer Richtung verformbar ist und weil die vom Preßsitz ausgehenden Spreizkräfte die Windungen durchgreifen können.Accordingly, there have also been attempts to embed a helical spring element on the inside of the bore in the insulating body instead of a metallic bushing element, which due to its elasticity can be easily and flush applied to a mandrel in the injection mold for the insulating body is. However, such a spring element is only conditionally sufficient to absorb the press-on and seat forces because it is deformable in the axial direction and because the spreading forces emanating from the press fit can penetrate the windings.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Kollektor mit einem durch ein Buchsenelement ausgesteiften Isolierstoff-Grundkörper zu schaffen, der in der Herstellung einfacher und damit preiswerter ist, eine möglichst einfache Montage ermöglicht und eine große Robustheit und Langlebigkeit erzielt.The object of the invention is to provide a collector with an insulating base body stiffened by a bushing element, which is simpler and therefore cheaper to manufacture, enables the simplest possible assembly and achieves great robustness and durability.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe, von einem Kollektor nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ausgehend, mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Auf der Innenseite eines Buchsenelements noch einmal eine Schicht von Isolierstoff vorzusehen, die erst ihrerseits die Öffnung mit vorgegebenem Innendurchmesser ausbildet, hat sich als ein in mehrerer Hinsicht vorteilhafter Kunstgriff erwiesen. Diese Lösung geht von dem Grundgedanken ab, daß das Buchsenelement selbst die Öffnung ausbildet und direkt alle Spreiz- und Aufpreßkräfte aufnimmt, um den Isolierstoff dahinter abzuschirmen. Hier zeigt es sich, daß die innenseitige Schicht aus Isolierstoff mit dem Buchsenelement "im Rücken" sehr wohl in der Lage ist, die beim Aufpressen auftretenden und für einen Preßsitz erforderlichen Kräfte aufzunehmen und an das Buchsenelement weiterzugeben.According to the invention, this object is achieved, starting from a collector according to the preamble of claim 1, with the characterizing features of claim 1. Providing a layer of insulating material on the inside of a socket element, which in turn forms the opening with a predetermined inside diameter, has proven to be a trick that is advantageous in several respects. This solution is based on the basic idea that the socket element itself forms the opening and directly absorbs all spreading and pressing forces in order to shield the insulating material behind it. Here it is shown that the inside layer of insulating material with the socket element "in the back" is very well able to absorb the forces that occur during pressing and are necessary for a press fit and to pass them on to the socket element.

Wenn aber die innenliegende Schicht aus Isolierstoff die Öffnung ausbildet, kann diese in vielen Fällen mit hinreichender Präzision bereits durch den Formvorgang selbst gebildet sein, ohne daß es überhaupt einer Nachbearbeitung bedürfte. Dabei ist auch von Interesse, daß eine in Isolierstoff ausgebildete Schicht aufgrund dessen geringerer Steifigkeit eine größere Toleranz erhalten kann als ein Buchsenelement aus höherfestem Werkstoff, etwa aus Stahl. In vielen Fällen kann die Öffnung mit hinreichender Maßhaltigkeit bereits mit dem Preßvorgang zum Einbringen des Isolierstoffs erzielt werden.If, however, the inner layer of insulating material forms the opening, in many cases this can already be formed with sufficient precision by the molding process itself, without any need for post-processing. It is also of interest that a layer formed in insulating material, due to its lower rigidity, can be given a greater tolerance than a bushing element made of a higher strength material, such as steel. In many cases, the opening with sufficient dimensional accuracy can already be achieved with the pressing process for introducing the insulating material.

Selbst wenn es einer Nachbearbeitung des Grundkörpers an der Öffnung bedarf, ist diese vergleichsweise preisgünstig auszuführen, weil die Bearbeitung von Isolierstoff von den Werkzeugen und vom Arbeitsaufwand schneller und leichter ist als die von Metall oder anderen höherfesten Stoffen.Even if it is necessary to rework the base body at the opening, this can be carried out comparatively inexpensively, because the processing of insulating material from the tools and from the workload is faster and easier than that of metal or other high-strength materials.

Ein weiterer wichtiger Vorteil des erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Kollektors ergibt sich bei der Montage, bei der nicht mehr befürchtet werden muß, daß das Aufpressen des Kollektors zu Schäden an der Motorwelle oder an dem Buchsenelement führt. Das gefürchtete "Fressen" - die Kaltverschweißung von Oberflächenbereichen unter hohem Druck reibend gegeneinander bewegter Metallflächen - gefährdet nicht nur den Sitz des Kollektors bei entsprechenden Beschädigungen an Buchsenelement oder Welle, es kann auch schon zuvor an dem überstehenden Ende der Motorwelle eine Beschädigung hervorrufen, die dann den Sitz eines nachfolgend aufzubringenden Wälzlagers zerstört. In der Materialpaarung Isolierstoff/Stahl ist eine solche Beschädigungsgefahr ausgeräumt und ein unproblematisches Aufbringen des Kollektors auf die Motorwelle geschaffen.Another important advantage of the collector designed according to the invention results in the assembly, in which there is no longer any fear that pressing the collector leads to damage to the motor shaft or to the bushing element. The dreaded "fretting" - the cold welding of surface areas under high pressure by rubbing metal surfaces against one another - not only endangers the seat of the collector with corresponding damage to the socket element or shaft, it can also cause damage to the protruding end of the motor shaft, which then destroyed the seat of a roller bearing to be subsequently installed. Such a risk of damage has been eliminated in the material combination of insulating material / steel and an unproblematic application of the collector to the motor shaft has been created.

Die innenliegende Isolierstoffschicht ist zweckmäßig mindestens 0,5 mm, vorzugsweise 1 bis 2 mm dick ausgebildet, um das Buchsenelement unabhängig von Toleranzen in dessen Anordnung vor und bei dem Einbringen des Isolierstoffs abzudecken, um eine ausreichende Nachgiebigkeit der Öffnung für den Preßsitz zu erzielen und um ggf. auch eine ausreichende Isolierung zu gewährleisten.The inner layer of insulating material is expediently designed to be at least 0.5 mm, preferably 1 to 2 mm thick, around the bushing element regardless of tolerances in its arrangement before and during the introduction of the insulating material, in order to achieve sufficient flexibility of the opening for the press fit and, if necessary, also to ensure adequate insulation.

Die Innenschicht kann nämlich auch Isolieraufgaben übernehmen. Diese sind insbesondere dann gefragt, wenn nach den entsprechenden Sicherheitsvorschriften eine Doppel-isolierung aller spannungsführenden Teile vorgesehen werden soll. Hierzu kann die Zwischenschicht aus Isolierstoff zwischen dem Buchsenelement und der Welle herangezogen werden, wenn das Buchsenelement aus Metall besteht. Es versteht sich, daß ein Buchsenelement in Form eines Rohrabschnitts aus Stahl besonders preisgünstig verfügbar ist und dementsprechend in erster Linie in Betracht kommt. Damit sind andere höherfeste Materialien, etwa andere Metalle, Faserverbundstoffe oder Keramiken keineswegs ausgeschlossen. Das Buchsenelement braucht auch mit seinem Innenmantel keine vollkommen geschlossene Wiederlagerfläche für die vom Preßsitz ausgehenden Spreizdrücke zu bilden, solange es nur die Kräfte flächenartig aufnimmt. Dies kann grundsätzlich auch mit einem sieb- oder netzartigen Buchsenelement erfolgen, das hinreichend engmaschig eigensteif und belastbar ist.The inner layer can also perform insulation tasks. These are particularly in demand when double insulation of all live parts is to be provided in accordance with the relevant safety regulations. For this purpose, the intermediate layer made of insulating material between the socket element and the shaft can be used if the socket element consists of metal. It goes without saying that a bushing element in the form of a tubular section made of steel is available particularly inexpensively and is therefore primarily considered. Other high-strength materials, such as other metals, fiber composites or ceramics, are by no means excluded. Even with its inner casing, the bushing element does not need to form a completely closed repositioning surface for the expansion pressures emanating from the press fit, as long as it only absorbs the forces in the form of a surface. In principle, this can also be done with a sieve-like or net-like bushing element that is sufficiently tightly stiff and resilient.

Teilbereiche, die das Buchsenelement in seiner Zylinderebene für Materialbrücken zwischen der Isolierstoff-Innenschicht und dem sonstigen Grundkörper freigibt, sind sogar zweckmäßig, um den Verbund innerhalb des Grundkörpers, insbesondere auch in bezug auf Abschergefahren längs der Grenzflächen von Isolierstoff und Buchsenelement zu sichern. Derartige Übergangsbereiche können mit Vorteil bei einem metallischen Buchsenelement auf die Stirnseiten verlegt werden, indem das Buchsenelement lediglich eine geringere axiale Länge als der Isolierstoff-Grundkörper aufweist. Es versteht sich, daß die Verbindung des Buchsenelements mit dem angrenzenden Isolierstoff an der Innenmantelfläche und/oder Außenmantelfläche durch eine Profilierung, etwa durch Quer- oder Gewinderillen, verbessert werden kann. Desgleichen kann eine Haftvermittlerschicht den Zusammenhang fördern. Dies alles ergibt sich insbesondere aus jenen Scherbelastungen, die beim Aufpressen des Kollektors auf eine Motorwelle auftreten.Partial areas that the socket element releases in its cylinder plane for material bridges between the inner layer of insulating material and the other base body are even expedient in order to secure the bond within the base body, in particular also with regard to shear risks along the interfaces between the insulating material and the socket element. Such transition areas can be advantageous in a metallic socket element the end faces are relocated by the bushing element only having a shorter axial length than the insulating body. It goes without saying that the connection of the socket element with the adjacent insulating material on the inner surface and / or outer surface can be improved by profiling, for example by transverse or threaded grooves. Likewise, an adhesion promoter layer can promote the connection. All of this results in particular from those shear loads that occur when the collector is pressed onto a motor shaft.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel für den Gegenstand der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird nachfolgend näher beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
Draufsicht auf einen Kollektor und
Fig. 2
Schnitt nach Linie II-II in Fig. 1.
An embodiment of the object of the invention is shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. The drawing shows:
Fig. 1
Top view of a collector and
Fig. 2
Section along line II-II in Fig. 1st

In der Zeichnung ist ein Kollektor insgesamt mit 1 bezeichnet, der die Form eines Zylinderkollektors mit umfangsseitig angeordneten Lamellen 2 hat, die in bekannter Weise über nicht dargestellte Innenstege in einen im wesentlichen zylindrischen Grundkörper 3 aus Isolierstoff, nämlich einem Duroplast, eingebettet sind. Der Kollektor ist rotationssymmetrisch bezüglich einer Achse 4 ausgebildet und innen mit einer durchgehenden Öffnung 5 versehen. Die Öffnung 5 wird umfangsseitig durch eine Innenwandung 6 begrenzt, die zu einem Preßsitz auf einer Elektromotorwelle vorgesehen ist. Die Innenwandung 6 geht über eine Fase 7 in eine Stirnseite 8 über, die bei der Einpreßbewegung die Vorderseite des Kollektors bildet. Die Fase 7 erleichtert das Aufstecken, Ausrichten und Zentrieren des Kollektors gegenüber der Motorwelle und vermeidet Verkantungen und Beschädigungen.In the drawing, a collector is generally designated 1, which has the shape of a cylinder collector with lamellae 2 arranged on the circumference, which are embedded in a known manner via inner webs, not shown, in an essentially cylindrical base body 3 made of insulating material, namely a thermoset. The collector is rotationally symmetrical with respect to an axis 4 and is provided on the inside with a continuous opening 5. The opening 5 is delimited on the circumference by an inner wall 6, which is provided for a press fit on an electric motor shaft. The inner wall 6 merges via a chamfer 7 into an end face 8 which forms the front of the collector during the press-in movement. The chamfer 7 makes it easier to attach, align and center the collector in relation to the motor shaft and prevents canting and damage.

Eine der Stirnseite 8 gegenüberliegende Stirnseite 9 ist im Längsschnitt treppenförmig mit einer inneren Ringfläche 10 und einer dieser gegenüber zurückspringenden Ringfläche 11 ausgebildet, wobei letztere mit den Lamellen 2 bündig abschließt, so daß beide einen Luftspalt zu benachbarten Metallteilen, etwa einem Wälz- oder Kalottenlager für die Welle des Elektromotors erhalten. Damit läßt sich die Kontaktierunsgefahr zwischen elektrisch leitenden Metallteilen, insbesondere zwischen den spannungsführenden Lamellen 2 und dem mechanischen Aufbau des Motors vermeiden.One of the end faces 8 opposite end face 9 is formed in a longitudinal section in a step-like manner with an inner annular surface 10 and an annular surface 11 that springs back opposite it, the latter being flush with the lamellae 2, so that both form an air gap with adjacent metal parts, such as a roller or spherical bearing get the shaft of the electric motor. This avoids the risk of contact between electrically conductive metal parts, in particular between the live plates 2 and the mechanical structure of the motor.

In den Grundkörper 3 ist ein Buchsenelement 12 eingebettet, und zwar so, daß es mit einem Innenmantel 13 einen Abstand von etwa 1 mm zur Innenwandung 6 einhält, wobei dieser Abstand durch eine Zwischenschicht 14 aus dem gleichen Isolierstoff gebildet ist, der auch den übrigen Grundkörper 3 bildet.In the base body 3, a socket element 12 is embedded, in such a way that it maintains a distance of about 1 mm to the inner wall 6 with an inner jacket 13, this distance being formed by an intermediate layer 14 made of the same insulating material as the other base body 3 forms.

Das Buchsenelement weist auch eine geringere axiale Länge als der Grundkörper 3 auf, so daß es mit seinen Stirnseiten 15 bzw. 16 nicht bis an die Stirnseiten 8 und 9 des Grundkörpers 3 heranreicht. Der Isolierstoff des Grundkörpers überbrückt und umschließt beidendig das Buchsenelement. Damit erhält die Zwischenschicht 14 eine integrale Verbindung zu dem übrigen Grundkörper 3. Diese Verbindungen sind für den Zusammenhalt des Kollektors 1 von besonderem Interesse, wenn die Adhäsion zwischen dem Isolierstoff längs des Innenmantels 13 und längs eines Außenmantels 17 des Buchsenelements 12 nicht zuverlässig ausreicht, Scherkräfte beim Aufpressen auf eine Welle zu übertragen, zumal die Aufpreßkräfte für den gesamten Kollektor beispielsweise in einer Größenordnung von 6000 N liegen.The bushing element also has a smaller axial length than the base body 3, so that its end faces 15 and 16 do not reach the end faces 8 and 9 of the base body 3. The insulating material of the base body bridges and encloses the socket element on both ends. This gives the intermediate layer 14 an integral connection to the rest of the base body 3. These connections are of particular interest for the cohesion of the collector 1 if the adhesion between the insulating material along the inner casing 13 and along an outer casing 17 of the socket element 12 is not reliably sufficient, shear forces to transfer when pressed onto a shaft, especially since the pressing forces for the entire collector, for example, in one Order of magnitude of 6000 N.

Abgesehen von den endseitigen Brücken zwischen der innenliegenden Schicht 14 und dem sonstigen Grundkörper umschließt das Buchsenelement 12 die Innenwandung 6 und stützt die Schicht 14 bei der Aufnahme von Spreizkräften im aufgepreßten Zustand ab.Apart from the end bridges between the inner layer 14 and the other base body, the socket element 12 encloses the inner wall 6 and supports the layer 14 when absorbing spreading forces in the pressed-on state.

Das Buchsenelement 12 ist aus einem Material höherer Festigkeit und Steifigkeit als das Isolierstoffmaterial gebildet, im vorliegenden Fall aus Stahl. Die Zwischenschicht wird auf diese Weise durch allseitigen Druck gehalten und stabilisiert, und das Buchsenelement fängt die Spreizkräfte vom Preßsitz gegenüber der Motorwelle auf.The socket element 12 is formed from a material of higher strength and rigidity than the insulating material, in the present case from steel. In this way, the intermediate layer is held and stabilized by all-round pressure, and the bushing element absorbs the spreading forces from the press fit against the motor shaft.

Hieraus ergibt sich ein robuster Aufbau des Kollektors. Gleichzeitig ergibt sich eine sehr einfache Montage des Kollektors, da sich dieser mit einer innenliegenden Isolierstoffschicht sehr viel besser und unkritischer auf eine Stahlwelle aufschieben läßt als etwa ein Kollektor mit einer innenliegenden Metallbuchse.This results in a robust construction of the collector. At the same time, the collector is very easy to assemble, since it can be pushed onto a steel shaft with an inner layer of insulating material much better and less critically than, for example, a collector with an inner metal bushing.

Auch in der Fertigung ist der Kollektor 1 relativ einfach und preisgünstig herzustellen. In einer Preßform werden die Lamellen 2 und das Buchsenelement 12 so angeordnet, wie sie in dem fertigen Kollektor zueinander liegen sollen. Üblicherweise werden die Lamellen dabei zueinander und in der Form durch besondere Halterungen nach Art einer "verlorenen Schalung" festgelegt. Auch das Buchsenelement könnte beispielsweise durch einen Formring aus Kunststoff festgelegt sein. Im vorliegenden Fall wird allerdings vorgesehen, daß das Buchsenelement 12 auf einem Kranz von zwölf in Ringform zueinanderstehenden Klauen aufsteht und von diesen mit Inneneingriff zentriert wird, die im fertigen Kollektor entsprechende Ausnehmungen 18 hinterlassen. Die Höhlung des Kollektors wird durch einen Zentraldorn freigehalten, so daß nach dem Ausspritzen der verbleibenden Hohlräume mit einem Duroplast als Isolierstoff ein Kollektorrohling entsteht. Dieser Rohling unterscheidet sich von dem dargestellten Kollektor lediglich dadurch, daß zwischen den Lamellen 2 noch Isolierspalte 19 auszufräsen sind.The collector 1 is also relatively easy and inexpensive to manufacture. The lamellae 2 and the socket element 12 are arranged in a press mold in the manner in which they should lie in the finished collector. Usually, the slats are fixed to each other and in the form of special brackets in the manner of a "lost formwork". The socket element could also be fixed, for example, by a molded ring made of plastic. In the present case, however, it is provided that the bushing element 12 stands on a ring of twelve claws standing in a ring shape with respect to one another and is centered by them with internal engagement the corresponding recesses 18 are left in the finished collector. The cavity of the collector is kept clear by a central mandrel, so that after the remaining cavities have been sprayed out with a thermosetting plastic as insulating material, a collector blank is produced. This blank differs from the collector shown only in that insulating gaps 19 still have to be milled out between the slats 2.

In der Regel ist der Kollektor ohne Nacharbeiten an der Innenwandung 6 bereits im Spritzgußverfahren zu fertigen. Soweit aber Nacharbeiten erforderlich sind, lassen sich diese unproblematisch und schnell durchführen, da der Isolierstoff sehr viel einfacher zu bearbeiten ist als etwa eine Metallbuchse an der Innenseite.As a rule, the collector can already be manufactured by injection molding without reworking the inner wall 6. However, as far as reworking is necessary, it can be carried out quickly and easily because the insulating material is much easier to machine than a metal bushing on the inside.

Während das vorstehende Beispiel einen Zylinderkollektor mit durchgehender axialer Öffnung erfaßt, wird aus dem beschriebenen Zusammenhang ohne weiteres ersichtlich, daß ein Plankollektor eine ganz ähnliche Gestaltung erhalten kann, und daß auch Kollektoren mit einer nur einseitig ausmündenden (Sackloch-) Öffnung entsprechend auszubilden sind.While the above example covers a cylinder collector with a continuous axial opening, it is readily apparent from the context described that a plan collector can have a very similar design, and that collectors with a blind hole opening only on one side must also be designed accordingly.

Die Buchse muß zur Erfüllung ihrer Funktion hinreichend fest sein. Dies wird im einfachsten Fall mit einer Metallbuchse zu erzielen sein, für die unterschiedlichste Materialien, auch Legierungen oder Sintermetalle in Betracht kommen. Es kann aber auch ein höherfester Kunststoff oder ein Verbundstoff, etwa mit einer Faserarmierung, verwendet werden. Die Buchse kann Profilierungen oder Durchbrechungen aufweisen, die einem Abscheren entgegenwirken. Auch Buchsen in Gitterform oder Wendelform, auch mehrteilige Buchsen aus Ringen lassen sich mit Vorteil verwenden.The socket must be sufficiently firm to perform its function. In the simplest case, this can be achieved with a metal bushing for which a wide variety of materials, including alloys or sintered metals, can be considered. However, a higher-strength plastic or a composite, for example with a fiber reinforcement, can also be used. The bushing can have profiles or openings that counteract shearing. Also bushings in lattice shape or helical shape, also multi-part bushings made of rings can be used with advantage.

Claims (14)

  1. A collector for an electric motor or generator with segments distributed over the periphery or on an end face symmetrically relative to a collector axis, said segments being embedded in a basic member of insulating material, the collector comprising a central aperture (5) the diameter of which is designed for a press fit on the shaft of the electric motor or generator and strengthened by a bush element (12) of relatively high strength in order to accommodate seating and press-on forces, characterised in that the bush element (12) has an inside diameter which is greater than the diameter of the aperture (5) and in that the bush element (12) is covered on the inside by a layer (14) of insulating material.
  2. A collector according to Claim 1, characterised in that the bush element (12) does not pass completely around the aperture (5) but leaves at least one part free in which the layer (14) merges into the basic member (3).
  3. A collector according to Claim 2, characterised in that the bush element (12) has an axial length which is shortened opposite the aperture (5).
  4. A collector according to Claim 3, characterised in that relative to the aperture (5), the bush element (12) is axially set back at both axial ends (8, 9) and is embedded in insulating material.
  5. A collector according to Claim 3 or 4, characterised in that at one end (9) which is set back relative to the aperture (5), the bush element (12) is exposed at least at three support points (18).
  6. A collector according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the aperture (5) has a bezel (7) towards one end face (8).
  7. A collector according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the interior layer (14) of insulating material has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm.
  8. A collector according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the bush element (12) is profiled on at least one outer surface.
  9. A collector according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the bush element (12) has an adhesive coating at least on one outer surface.
  10. A collector according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that it is constructed as a cylindrical collector (1).
  11. A collector according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that it is constructed as a plane collector.
  12. A collector according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the bush element (12) consists of metal.
  13. A method of producing a collector according to one of Claims 1 to 12, in which a set of segments are fixed on the inner periphery of a cylindrical compression mould and a bush element is fixed about a central mandrel in the compression mould, this latter being subsequently filled with an insulating material, characterised in that the bush element is disposed at a uniform radial distance from the mandrel to produce an annular gap.
  14. A method according to Claim 13, characterised in that the bush element is set up in the mould on a centring mould tool projecting from one end of the compression mould and having at least three claws disposed in a ring.
EP91107174A 1990-05-16 1991-05-03 Collector for an electric motor or generator Expired - Lifetime EP0457126B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4015705A DE4015705C2 (en) 1990-05-16 1990-05-16 Collector for an electric motor or generator
DE4015705 1990-05-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0457126A2 EP0457126A2 (en) 1991-11-21
EP0457126A3 EP0457126A3 (en) 1992-03-04
EP0457126B1 true EP0457126B1 (en) 1994-12-28

Family

ID=6406529

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91107174A Expired - Lifetime EP0457126B1 (en) 1990-05-16 1991-05-03 Collector for an electric motor or generator

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5140213A (en)
EP (1) EP0457126B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05236706A (en)
DE (2) DE4015705C2 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4302759C2 (en) * 1993-02-01 1996-11-14 Nettelhoff Friedrich Fa Collector with reinforcement ring
DE19744357A1 (en) * 1997-10-08 1999-04-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Rotary electrical machine commutator
US20030129855A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-07-10 Douglas Richard E. Current collector assembly and method
JP2004229352A (en) * 2003-01-20 2004-08-12 Denso Corp Armature for rotating machine and stator with the same
DE10338450A1 (en) * 2003-08-21 2005-03-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Commutator for an electric machine, especially an electric motor for vehicle actuators, has a hollow cylindrical commutator body with commutator segments mounted around its inner jacket surface
WO2005055399A1 (en) * 2003-10-12 2005-06-16 Conglong Li Motor
JP2007312540A (en) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-29 Aisan Ind Co Ltd Commutator
WO2022094834A1 (en) * 2020-11-05 2022-05-12 徐州新隆全电子科技有限公司 Anti-corrosion electronic commutator

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE512733C (en) * 1928-12-07 1930-11-18 Kautt & Bux G M B H Collector with copper segments embedded in an insulating compound, separated by special insulating lamellas
DE674358C (en) * 1936-05-21 1939-04-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Press converter with metal reinforcement rings
GB468616A (en) * 1937-02-19 1937-07-08 Kurt Silberstein Commutator for electric motors
DE852576C (en) * 1941-11-16 1952-10-16 Siemens Ag Commutator, in particular a molded commutator
US2672564A (en) * 1952-03-25 1954-03-16 Raytheon Mfg Co Dynamoelectric machine
US2997559A (en) * 1957-08-08 1961-08-22 Globe Ind Inc Governor
CH457608A (en) * 1965-07-12 1968-06-15 Mavilor Method of manufacturing an electric machine rotor comprising a collector with a front contact surface
DE7035303U (en) * 1969-09-24 1971-03-18 Nippon Denso Co COMMUTATOR FOR ELECTRIC MACHINERY.
US3657584A (en) * 1970-07-27 1972-04-18 Gurgen Petrosovich Vartanian Contact device
US3777367A (en) * 1971-12-02 1973-12-11 Ametek Inc Method of fabricating a commutator
US4050882A (en) * 1976-11-04 1977-09-27 Allis-Chalmers Corporation Dual variable orifice for reinforced preheater
SU980199A1 (en) * 1981-01-13 1982-12-07 Научно-исследовательский и экспериментальный институт автомобильного электрооборудования и автоприборов Electric machine commutator
DE3714098A1 (en) * 1987-04-28 1988-11-10 Kautt & Bux Kg COMMUTATOR FOR MACHINES SMALL TO MEDIUM SIZE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5140213A (en) 1992-08-18
DE59104017D1 (en) 1995-02-09
DE4015705C2 (en) 1993-11-11
DE4015705A1 (en) 1991-11-28
EP0457126A2 (en) 1991-11-21
EP0457126A3 (en) 1992-03-04
JPH05236706A (en) 1993-09-10

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