EP0456649A1

EP0456649A1 - Turnstile.

Info

Publication number: EP0456649A1
Application number: EP90901719A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Kurt Wallerstorfer
Original assignee: Skidata AG
Current assignee: Skidata AG
Priority date: 1989-01-26
Filing date: 1990-01-12
Publication date: 1991-11-21
Anticipated expiration: 2010-01-12
Also published as: ATA14989A; WO1990008875A1; AT390996B; EP0456649B1

Abstract

Un tourniquet comprend un disque rotatif (3) qui peut être retenu par un organe d'arrêt (10) dans une position de blocage et un embrayage (8) élastique rotatif agencé entre le disque rotatif (3) et l'organe d'arrêt (10). Le tourniquet comprend en outre un système (11) de reconnaissance de la position angulaire qui enclenche l'organe d'arrêt (10) dans chaque position de blocage et un frein (9) qui ne fonctionne qu'en cas de mise en rotation illicite du tourniquet. Un système (7) de reconnaissance du sens de rotation permet de détecter une mise en rotation illicite même lorsque l'organe d'arrêt (10) est enclenché, grâce à l'embrayage rotatif élastique (8). Lorsque le système (7) de reconnaissance du sens de rotation détecte une mise en rotation autorisée, l'organe d'arrêt (10) est déclenché; par contre en cas de mise en rotation illicite le frein (9) est actionné.A turnstile comprises a rotary disc (3) which can be retained by a stop member (10) in a locked position and an elastic rotary clutch (8) arranged between the rotary disc (3) and the stop member (10). The turnstile further comprises a system (11) for recognizing the angular position which engages the stop member (10) in each locking position and a brake (9) which operates only in the event of illicit rotation turnstile. A system (7) for recognizing the direction of rotation makes it possible to detect an illicit rotation even when the stop member (10) is engaged, thanks to the elastic rotary clutch (8). When the system (7) for recognizing the direction of rotation detects an authorized rotation, the stop member (10) is triggered; on the other hand in the event of illicit rotation the brake (9) is actuated.

Description

D r e h k r e u z

The invention relates to a turnstile for the cyclical release of a passage, which is optionally equipped with a counter or control system or the like, with a turntable, which has a shaft mounted in a housing and a plurality of locking arms, with a latching device, by means of which the turntable can be blocked, with a device for preventing unauthorized rotation of the locking arms from each locking position, and with a device for detecting the rotary angle, which urges the latching device to engage when the locking position of each locking arm is reached.

Turnstiles of this type at entrances, for example to mechanical lifts, sports grounds, outdoor swimming pools or other event centers, are usually designed with three or four bars and can be rotated about an oblique or vertical axis. For reasons of space, turnstiles with an inclined axis are installed in particular when a plurality of passageways are provided side by side, since the locking arms which are not required protrude downward through the inclined axis. Since they are usually connected to counting or control devices, the turnstile is always locked when one of its locking arms is perpendicular to the through lane, and is only released for rotation into the following locked position after validation or checking of an access card. The angle of rotation, which is dependent on the number of locking arms, is predetermined by a disc provided with locking recesses into which a spring-loaded cam engages. in many cases only a single passage direction is specified, such turnstiles generally being rotated by the person passing through body contact. The counter-rotation is blocked by a directional coupling, so that the turnstiles must have a construction that can withstand the accidental or willful overload. Furthermore, the Possibility of a so-called panic switch, that is to say disengagement in an emergency, can be provided. For a change in the direction of passage and designs with a switchable rotational direction coupling are known.

The invention has now set itself the task of creating a turnstile of the type mentioned in a simple construction which is sufficient for a normal operation, but which nevertheless excludes unauthorized rotation, especially under high overload.

The object of the invention is achieved in that the turnstile comprises a device assigned to the turntable for detecting the direction of rotation, a torsionally flexible coupling arranged between the turntable and the latching device and a control device which, depending on the signals from the angle of rotation detection device and the direction of rotation detection device activates the latching device.

With this design, a normal, simple construction is achieved for normal operation, which is easily switchable and preferably also freely switchable. When the rotation into the following locking position is permitted, the locking device is inactive and it is only activated when the rotation of the turntable is determined by an angle which is derived from the number of locking arms. The incident locking device only fixes the blocking position, from which the further rotation, possibly permitted by the counting or control system, is determined by removing the locking device by means of the rotation detection device and by means of the

Drehwinkelerkennungseinπ ^* rect again is interrupted as soon as the next locking position is reached. by virtue of The rotationally elastic coupling is only opposed to a slight initial resistance when the latching device is engaged, but also an unauthorized rotation, which is determined by the direction of rotation detection device. In this case, however, the latching device is not canceled, so that there is only a very small angle of rotation, limited by the elastic range of the torsionally flexible coupling. Another twist is no longer possible. As soon as the unauthorized circumferential forces acting on the turntable via the locking arms are removed, the turntable is returned to the starting position by the torsionally elastic coupling, in which the release of the permitted rotation is awaited. It is immaterial whether the unauthorized rotation is a counter-rotation or a premature rotation in the passage direction.

The rotation angle detection device can have a conventional shaft-fixed disk with locking recesses and a spring-loaded cam which engages in a locking recess in any locking position. Likewise, the direction of rotation detection device can also have the simplest mechanical elements, in that, for example, a gear wheel serves as the direction of rotation sensor and a locking pawl serves as the direction of rotation sensor, which pawls in the permitted direction when twisted, but in the opposite direction when twisted their bearing or their holder is loaded.

Electronic means permit a preferred embodiment, in particular suitable for switchable turnstiles, in which the direction of rotation detection device and / or the rotation angle detection device has a wave-fixed marking disk and an optical rotation sensor which is connected to the control device. In a preferred embodiment, the latching device can have a brake assigned to the turntable, which is only activated when the rotation is unauthorized and is only delayed due to the torsionally flexible coupling. In order to increase the braking force in relation to the peripheral force introduced, a preferred embodiment further provides that the brake is provided with a brake booster which becomes effective after detection of an unauthorized rotation. A brake provided with a brake booster, since it is not integrated in the normal operating mode, can also be designed to exert extremely high braking forces.

In particular, a preferred embodiment of the turnstile according to the invention can consist in the latching device cooperating with a gearwheel which can be rotated loosely on the shaft and which is connected via the torsionally flexible coupling to a shaft-fixed disk, and at least one with the gearwheel in the locked position Has ratchet tooth. The shaft-fixed disk can also act as a rotation sensor at the same time, since it rotates due to the torsionally flexible coupling when the turntable is rotated without permission.

The ratchet tooth can be a tooth of a lockable pinion meshing with the gear wheel, the locking of which fixes the loosely rotatable gear wheel. There are any number of options for blocking the pinion. It can preferably be blocked by a magnetic brake or by a motor which is at a standstill, only slight forces being necessary due to the transmission between the pinion and the gear. The electronic detection means for the unauthorized rotation can excite the magnetic brake or block the motor, which, since finally the brake prevents the unauthorized rotation, can be dimensioned very small. If a motor is used, it can also take over the desired rotation into each subsequent blocking position, so that the turnstile is not driven by the people passing through.

Another embodiment, on the other hand, provides that the latching device has a shaft-fixed gear and at least one locking tooth which is connected to the gear in the locked position and which is connected to the brake. In this version, too, the unauthorized rotation is detected, the locking tooth holder being loaded directly or via the torsionally flexible coupling.

In both versions there is therefore the simple possibility of designing the locking tooth as part of the rotational direction detection device on a spring-loaded pawl which can preferably be switched over to change the direction of passage. In addition, it is also easy to bring the pawl out of engagement in an emergency, so that there is a panic.

The brake can in particular be designed as a disk brake which has a brake disk fixed to the housing and an axially displaceable brake disk in the release position of the loin. The two brake disks preferably surround the shaft of the turntable.

If the locking device has a shaft-fixed disc and a loosely rotatable gearwheel, the gearwheel rotates as long as it is not blocked by the ratchet tooth, via the torsionally strong coupling with the shaft-fixed disc. In connection with an axially displaceable brake disc, a further embodiment provides that the torsionally flexible coupling has the displaceable in at least one Brake disc axially acting driver is used, which is mounted in the loosely rotatable gear axially displaceable. In an advantageous embodiment, the torsionally flexible coupling has at least one rolling element and, in each coupling part, one recess per rolling element with increasing rolling surfaces, each rolling element lying in the lowest position in the two recesses when the brake is released. For example, balls can be used as rolling elements. The formation of the rolling surfaces determines the point in time and the extent of the brake force amplification.

Such a design of the elastic coupling is also possible if the gear wheel of the direction of rotation coupling, as mentioned above, is shaft-proof. In this embodiment in particular, the torsionally elastic coupling can also be provided in a slide bearing of the axially displaceable brake disk having inclined surfaces. The inclined surfaces can be formed, for example, in the form of screw flights, the pitch of which can increase if the braking force is to be increased.

The invention will now be described in more detail below with reference to the figures of the accompanying drawings, without being limited thereto.

1 shows schematically a two-lane passage with a control system, FIG. 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a preferred first embodiment of the turnstile, FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through the embodiment according to FIG 4, 5 and 6 are longitudinal sections through a further three exemplary embodiments of the turnstile and FIG. 7 is a plan view of the embodiment according to FIG. 6th Turnstiles 1 are provided in accordance with FIG. 1 on passage locks for their cyclical release in a predetermined, possibly also reversible passage direction and are usually equipped with a control or counting system 2. Each turnstile 1 has a housing 6 and three or four locking arms 4 protruding from a turntable 3, each of which is locked in a locking position blocking the passage track and can be rotated into the following locking position. The turntable 3 is arranged outside the housing 6 on a shaft 5 mounted in a bearing 40 of the housing 6. The turnstile 1 is held in each locked position by a latching device 10, which is assigned to the turntable 3 via a torsionally flexible coupling 8. With the help of a direction of rotation detection device 7 and a rotary angle detection device 11, the locking device 10 is activated via a control device, which releases the turntable 3 when rotation is permitted up to the following locked position. Due to the torsionally flexible coupling 8, a slight rotation of the turntable 3 is possible even when the latching device 10 is activated. In the event of a counter-rotation detected by the direction of rotation detection 7 and, if a control system 2 is provided, premature rotation in the desired direction, the latching device 10 is not released, so that the turntable 3 returns to the locking position when the load is released. An overload is prevented by a brake 9 to which a brake booster is assigned. Since the brake 9, including the brake booster, is passive during normal operation, the turnstile 1 is extremely easy to move and can be operated by the passers-by even with the least amount of effort from the locked locking positions. However, if the brake 9 is activated during an unauthorized rotation, very high braking forces are exerted by the brake booster. In the preferred embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3, a disk 22 and a disk 37, which could also be part of the disk 22, are arranged on the shaft 5 of the turntable 3 in a rotationally fixed manner. Furthermore, on the shaft 5 between the shaft-fixed disk 22 and the shaft bearing 40, a toothed wheel 16 and an axially displaceable brake disk 28 can be rotated loosely and a brake disk 30 fixed to the housing, the two brake disks 28 and 30 forming the brake 9, which is acted upon by a spring 29 supported on the housing 6 in the release position. The freely rotatable toothed wheel 16 is provided with at least one axis-parallel opening, in each of which a second part of a torsionally flexible coupling 8 forming a slave 26 is slidably mounted. This engages with a lower pin 27 in a corresponding opening of the axially displaceable brake disk 28. On its upper side, a recess is formed on the receiver 26, which has rolling surfaces 24 rising in the shape of a shell. The first part of the torsionally flexible coupling 8 is inserted into an axially parallel recess or opening in the disk 22 and likewise has a depression on the underside with increasing rolling surfaces 24. Between the rolling surfaces 24 of the two hitch beings 25, 26, a roller 23, in particular as shown, a ball is arranged. The spring 29 presses against the axially displaceable brake disk 28, which is supported via the elastic coupling 8 on the shaft-fixed disk 22 or the disk 37, which is fixed axially on the shaft 5 by means of the nuts shown. As indicated in FIG. 3, the elastic coupling 8 can have a plurality of coupling parts 25, 26 distributed all around, between which rolling elements 23 are enclosed. Each roller body 23 is held in the deepest position in the recesses by the spring 29, so that each relative rotation of the shaft-fixed disk 22 and the gear wheel 16 is axial Displacement of the brake disc 28 has the effect that the rolling bodies 23 roll on the rising rolling surfaces 24.

The disc 37 has locking recesses 12 on the circumference

Rotation angle detection device 11, which further comprises a cam formed by a roller 13, which is arranged on a pivot arm 14 acted upon by a spring 15. Each locking position (FIG. 3) corresponds to the locking position of a locking arm 4 (FIG. 1).

The gearwheel 16 meshes with a pinion 19 which is arranged on a shaft 33 mounted in the housing 6 and with which a magnetic brake 34 excited in the blocking position is associated with the latching device 10.

If the turntable 3, the shaft 5 and thus the shaft-fixed disks 22 and 37 are now rotated via a locking arm 4, the gear 16 and the axially displaceable brake disk 28 are also rotated via the elastic coupling 8, only the very small adjustable counter position of the rotary switch detection device 11 must be overcome. For a panic circuit, the Rastwi resistance can also be switched off by lifting the swivel arm 14. On the shaft 5, a marking disk 31 is fixed above the disk 37, which acts as a direction indicator of the direction of rotation detection device 7. The rotation of the turntable 3 and thus of the marking disk 31 is optically recognized by a rotary sensor 32, for example, the magnetic brake 34 is released via the control elec tronic k when the turnstile 1 is allowed to turn, but remains at an un¬ permitted rotation excited. The magnetic brake 34 therefore blocks the gear wheel 16 via the shaft 33 and the pinion 19, the teeth of the pinion 19 acting as locking teeth 18 (FIG. 3). The magnetic brake 34 therefore only serves as a trigger and actuator for which the torsionally elastic see clutch 8 engaging brake 9. By blocking the gear wheel 16, the gear wheel 16 rotates relative to the shaft-fixed disk 22, as a result of which the rolling bodies 23 roll along the rolling surfaces 24 on the coupling parts 25 and 26 and from their lowest position other.

This moves the second coupling part 26, which forms a driver, downward, so that the axially displaceable brake disk 28 is pressed onto the brake disk 30 fixed to the housing. The turntable 3 is blocked, whereby due to the increasing rolling surfaces 24 an increasing circumferential force on the turnstile 1 or its turntable 3 increases the contact pressure of the displaceable brake disk 28 and thus the braking force. As soon as the application in the wrong direction of rotation is released, the spring 29 lifts the brake disc 28 off the turntable 30, the roller bodies 23 roll back into their lowest position.

4 shows a simplified, purely mechanical embodiment, which is preferably used without a control system 2. The turnstile comprises a turntable 3 with locking arms 4, a shaft 5 mounted in the housing 6, on which a disk 22 is fixed, and a loosely rotatable gearwheel 16 which can be rotated with the shaft-fixed disk 22 via the torsionally flexible coupling 8. The clutch 8 consists of at least one rolling element 23 arranged in the recesses of the disk 22 and the gear 16. A spring-loaded pawl 20 has at least one locking tooth 18 engaging in the gear 16 and can be pivoted about an axis 21 fixed to the housing. The pawl 20 can preferably be used in both directions of rotation, so that the counter-rotation can optionally be blocked, and can be fixed in a position disengaged from the gearwheel for the pivoting of the turnstile. The gear 16 is also axially displaceable and is under the action of a Spring 29, which is compressible in a receiving space 36. A brake disk 28 or a brake lining is provided on the underside of the gearwheel 16, and the brake disk 30 fixed to the housing is fixed to the housing 6. In the direction of rotation released by the pawl 20, the turnstile can therefore be rotated without any significant resistance, while the unauthorized counter-rotation of the gear 16 is blocked. However, the counter-rotation of the shaft-fixed disk 22 is still possible over a small swivel angle, the rolling bodies of the torsionally flexible coupling 8 rolling from their lowest positions on the rolling surfaces. As a result, the gear wheel 16 carrying the brake disk 28 is pressed downward against the brake disk 30. The toothed wheel 16 thus also acts as a rotary encoder 31 and the pawl 20 as a direction of rotation sensor 32, since the unauthorized counter-rotation is determined and the brake 9 is activated. The resetting to the normal state takes place by means of the spring 29, via which the torsionally flexible coupling 8 and the shaft-fixed disk 22 are returned to the starting positions.

The embodiment according to FIG. 5, which in its essential parts corresponds to the design according to FIG. 4, has a pinion 19 instead of the pawl blocking the gearwheel 16, said pinion being formed on the shaft 33 of a motor 35. With the help of the motor 35, the turntable 3 is driven in the permitted direction of rotation up to the following blocking position, which is determined via the rotation angle detection device 11. A counter-rotation or unauthorized rotation of the turntable 3 is prevented by the blocked motor 35, so that the brake disk 28 provided on the gearwheel 16 is pressed downward via the torsionally flexible coupling 8. Since the power of the motor 35 can be small for the mere drive, its braking effect can be increased, for example, by a short-circuit circuit when the motor is stopped to overcome the torsionally elastic coupling 8. As soon as the brake 9 is released, the braking forces which act on the rotary disk 3 can be applied. The Drehwinkelerken ^¬ nungseinri rect 11 is dabe when the marking plate is at the same time turning richtungserkennungseinri rect 7 on the shaft 5 is provided 31, which is sensed by the sensor 32nd Its signals control the motor 35 via the control device (not shown).

6 and 7 show a further purely mechanical embodiment which has a modified design of the torsionally flexible coupling 8. On the shaft 5 carrying the turntable 3, a gear 17 is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner, into which the locking tooth 18 of a locking pawl 20 pivotable about the axis 21 engages. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the axis 21 is not fixed to the housing, but is arranged on the axially displaceable brake disc 28. A hollow axis penetrated by the shaft 5 serves as a slide bearing 39 for the brake disc 28, which carries screw-like grooves with inclined surfaces 38. Each groove beginning at the slide bearing 39 bifurcates into two branches, which lead in opposite helical g downwards. In the illustrated released position of the brake 9, a guide pin of the brake disk 28 engages in the initial section of each groove. Depending on the position of the pawl (FIG. 7), the counter-rotation n is blocked in one of the two directions, so that when the turntable 3 is acted on in the blocked direction, the axially displaceable brake disk 28 is also rotated. The guide pin engaging in the groove slides into the corresponding branch, so that the brake disk 28 is pressed against the brake disk 30 fixed to the housing by the associated inclined surfaces 38. The return to the upper starting position of the brake disc 28 takes place again by means of the in the recess 36 compressed spring 29. The choice of the direction of passage is made by the corresponding position of the pawl 20, which is disengaged from the gear 17 for the panic position. In this embodiment, the torsionally flexible coupling 8 is integrated in the brake 9 and the shaft-fixed gear 17 together with the pawl 20 represents the direction of rotation detection device 7. A rotation angle detection device 11 is not shown for the sake of clarity asked and could include a wave-fixed disc provided with locking recesses and a spring-loaded cam, similar to Fig. 2 to ^.

Claims

Patent claims

1. Turnstile for the cyclical release of a passage, which may be equipped with a counting or control system or the like, with a turntable which has a shaft mounted in a housing and a plurality of locking arms, with a locking device by means of which the turntable can be blocked, with a device for preventing an unauthorized rotation of the locking arms from any storage position, and with a device for detecting the angle of rotation, which causes the locking device to engage when the locking position of each locking arm is reached, characterized in that the The turnstile (1) has a device (7) assigned to the turntable (3) for detecting the direction of rotation, a torsionally-loadable coupling (8) arranged between the turntable (3) and the locking device (10) and a control device which depending on the signals of the rotation angle detection device 01'1) and the direction of rotation detection device (7) Locking device (10) activated.

Turnstile according to claim 1, characterized in that the direction of rotation detection device (7) and / or the rotation angle detection device (11) has a shaft-fixed marking disk (31) and an optical direction of rotation sensor (32) which is connected to the control device is.

3. turnstile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the locking device (10) has a turntable (3) associated with the brake (9).

4. turnstile according to claim 3, characterized in that the brake (9) with one after detection of an unauthorized th twisting brake booster is provided.

5. turnstile according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized ge indicates that the Rasteinri device (10) on the shaft (5) loosely rotatable gear (16), see the rotating lasti coupling (8) with a shaft-fixed Disk (22) is connected, and has at least one locking tooth (18) cooperating in the locking position with the gear (16).

6. turnstile according to claim 3 or 4, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the locking device (10) has a shaft-fixed gear (17) and at least one in locking position with the gear (17) cooperating locking tooth (18) with the brake (9) is connected.

7. turnstile according to claim 5 or 6, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the ratchet tooth (18) as part of the D-directional direction detection device (7) is formed on a spring-loaded pawl (20).

8. turnstile according to claim 5, characterized in that the ratchet tooth (18) on a with the gear (16) Käm¬ menden, lockable pinion (19) of the locking device (10) ausgebi Idet i st.

9. turnstile according to claim 8, characterized in that the pinion (19) by means of a controllable by the control device magnetic brake (34) can be blocked.

10. A turnstile according to claim 8, characterized in that the pinion (19) can be blocked by means of a motor (35) which can be controlled by the control device and which, as the drive motor, rotates the turntable (3) into the respective blocking position.

11. turnstile according to one of claims 3, 4 or 6, da¬ characterized in that the brake (9) is designed as a disc brake, de a housing-fixed brake disc (30) and a self-resetting loin, axially displaceable brake disc ⁽ 28 ⁾ .

12. Turnstile according to claim 5 and 11, characterized ^¬ characterized in that the torsionally flexible coupling (8) is inserted in at least one axially acting on the displaceable brake disc ⁽ 28) driver (26) in the loosely rotatable gear (16) axially parallel ver¬ is slidably mounted.

13. Turnstile according to claim 1 or 12, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the torsionally flexible coupling (8) at least one rolling element (23) and in each coupling part per rolling element (23) has a recess mt rising rolling surfaces (24) Each roller body (23) is arranged in the lowest position in the two depressions when the brake is released.

14. Turnstile according to claim 1 and 11, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the torsionally flexible coupling (8) in an inclined surfaces (38) having slide bearing (39) of the axially displaceable brake disc (28) is seen vor¬.