EP0455349B1

EP0455349B1 - Games racket frame

Info

Publication number: EP0455349B1
Application number: EP91302882A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Robert Christopher Haines; Michael Edward Curtis; Andrew John Marsden
Original assignee: Dunlop Ltd
Current assignee: Dunlop Ltd
Priority date: 1990-05-02
Filing date: 1991-04-02
Publication date: 1994-06-22
Anticipated expiration: 2011-04-02
Also published as: JPH04227284A; CN1056060A; MY106502A; GB9009831D0; CN1041802C; ES2055533T3; EP0455349A1; GB2243790A; DE69102582T2; AU7436391A; GB9106906D0; AU645550B2; DE69102582D1; GB2243790B; ATE107522T1; JP3021754B2; ZA913268B

Abstract

A games racket frame is discontinuous being in two parts (11, 12). The parts (11, 12) are joined by means of a vibration-damping material (21) secured in position by plugs (23, 24). A reinforcing member (14) is also provided and this may comprise a collar (20) surrounding the discontinuity (13), together with a rod (25) contained within the vibration-damping material (21). Rackets according to the invention exhibit reduced transmission of shock and vibration to the player, thus minimising the risk of "tennis elbow" and similar injuries. <IMAGE>

Description

This invention relates to a games racket frame which includes a vibration-damping element isolating the head portion of the racket from the handle portion.
A two part games racket frame is described in US Patent Specification No. 4367871 (Schiefer) which has a head portion for stringing, a shaft portion and a handle portion, the frame being in two parts i.e. discontinuous, the discontinuity being in the handle. Between the two parts is a flexible key member held in place by one or more rigid members each of which is in contact with both parts of the racket. The purpose of the discontinuous racket frame is as a training aid.
According to the present invention on the other hand, the portion of the racket which is gripped by the player i.e. the handle portion is effectively decoupled and mechanically isolated from the portion of the racket whch is impacted by the ball or other projectile.
Thus, the present invention provides a games racket frame having a head portion for stringing, a shaft portion and a handle portion, the frame being discontinuous in that it comprises two parts of which one part includes the head portion and the other part includes the handle portion or a part thereof, in which the said two parts are connected together by means of a coupling assembly, the said coupling assembly comprising a connecting member and one or more reinforcing members engaging the connecting member and being located so as to overlap both of the said two parts characterised in that the connecting member is bonded to the said two parts and to each of the said reinforcing members whereby the said two parts are inseparably connected together but mechanically isolated one from the other by the connecting member which is a thermoset vibration-damping material comprising a polyurethane elastomer having a rebound resilience in the range 5 to 15% measured according to British Standard B.S. 903 Part A8 : 1990 : Method B : Method for Rebound Resilience and a hardness of 70 to 95° shore A measured according to British Standard B.S. 2782 : Part 3 : Method 365B : 1992 : Determination of Indentation Hardness by Durometer (Shore Hardness) so that vibrations in the head portion pass through said vibration-damping material and are substantially absorbed by said vibration-damping material before reaching said handle portion.
The term vibration-damping material has its usual meaning of the art i.e. a material of low resilience where resilience is defined as the percentage of energy returned after putting energy in in terms of a force-deflection. In the British Standard test B.S. 903 : Part A8 : 1990 : Method B a pendulum is dropped onto an elastomeric sample and the percentage rebound is measured which at 5 to 15% means that 95 to 85% of the energy is absorbed by the elastomer, this indicating an excellent vibration-damping material.
The term "mechanical isolation" in the context of a games racket construction would be understood in the art to mean that vibrations produced in the head portion cannot pass into the handle portion without travelling into the vibration-damping material (where they are substantially absorbed), there being no direct contact between head portion and handle portion.
The vibration-damping material may especially be an injectable material, for example a polyurethane resin. A suitable material may be based upon an elastomeric material compound to produce the properties of a vibration-damping material.
A preferred polyurethane resin comprises an injectable thermosetting elastomeric material particularly in the form of a two-part, curable polyurethane which is mixed in liquid form and can therefore be readily injected and subsequently cured in situ. Such a material is available from Compounding Ingredients Limited as CILCAST 101 (which is cured by the addition of CILCURE B). The words CILCAST and CILCURE are Registered Trade Marks. Such a material has the properties desirable for the vibration-damping material of the present invention being of a hardness greater than 60° SHORE A measured according to BS 2782 Part 3 : Method 365B : 1992 : Determination of Indentation Hardness by Durometer, and resilience below 20% when measured according to BS 903 Part A8 : 1990 : Method B : Method for Rebound Resilience. More preferably the vibration-damping material has a hardness in the range 70 to 95° SHORE A measured according to BS 2782 Part 3 Method 365B : 1992 Determination of Indentation Hardness by Durometer, the preferable resilience for the vibration-damping material being in the range 5 to 15% measured according to BS 903 Part A8 : 1990 : Method B : Method for Rebound Resilience.
Preferably the vibration-damping material is self-bonding to the reinforcing members and the two parts of the racket frame i.e. no separate adhesive is required. The aforementioned two-part curable polyurethanes have this desirable property.
In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcing member consists of a sleeve or collar to be located on the exterior of the frame in a position correspondng to that of the vbibration-damping material.
Preferably, those portions of the frame which are to be connected by the coupling assembly are of reduced external diameter, whereby the sleeve or collar lies flush with the remaining portions of the frame on either side of the coupling assembly.
The sleeve or collar may be provided with one or more keying portions to engage the vibration-damping material.
In a second preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcing member includes one or more rods extending across the discontinuity between the two frame parts, to be located within the vibration-damping material. The or each rod may be provided with one or more keying portions to engage the vibration-damping material. Suitably, the or each rod may be integrally formed with the collar or sleeve, for example a rod may extend along the longitudinal axis of the collar or sleeve.
In a third preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcing member consists of a plate to be located within the vibration-damping material. Those parts of the frame which are connected by means of the coupling assembly may be provided with rebates to receive the plate. Additional reinforcing means, such as one or more pins extending in a radial direction through each frame part and the plate, may be provided.
Preferably the games racket frame is in two parts only i.e. only one coupling assembly is used. It may be possible to have more than one coupling assembly in which case the frame would be in three or more parts.
The present invention will be illustrated, merely by way of example, in the following description and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings :

Figure 1: is a schematic side elevation of a games racket frame according to the present invention;
Figure 1A: is an enlarged sectional view of the "circled" portion of Figure 1;
Figure 2: is a sectional view of a racket frame according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3: is a sectional view of a racket frame according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3A: is a schematic perspective view of the coupling assembly of Figure 3;
Figure 4: is a sectional view of a first alternative construction for the coupling assembly of Figure 3;
Figure 5: is a schematic side elevation of a games racket frame according to the present invention, showing suitable relative dimensions of the two parts which are to be connected by the coupling assembly;
Figure 6: is a sectional view of a second alternative construction for the coupling assembly of Figure 3;
Figure 7: is a section on line VII-VII of Figure 6.
Figure 8: is a sectional view of a racket frame according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 9: is a section on line IX-IX of Figure 8.
Figure 10: is a sectional view of a racket frame in an alternative construction of the embodiment shown in Figures 8 and 9.
Figure 11: is a sectional view on line XI-XI of Figure 10.

Referring to Figures 1 and 1A, a racket frame comprises a head 10 for stringing, a hollow shaft 11 and a handle 12. The shaft is cut through at 13 and the shaft and handle are subsequently connected by means of a coupling assembly 14. The coupling assembly 14 consists of a sleeve or collar 20 surrounding the shaft at the position 13 of the cut. The region between the co-operating ends of the shaft 11 and handle 12 is filled with an elastomeric material 21, injected through an injection-hole 22 in the sleeve 20 and retained in position by means of plugs 23 and 24. A reinforcing rod 25 is contained within the elastomeric material 21.
In Figure 2, the shaft 11 and handle 12 are respectively provided with portions 11A and 12A of reduced external diameter, so that on completion of the coupling assembly the sleeve 20 will lie flush with the remaining portions of the shaft and handle.
In Figures 3 and 3A, the reinforcing member comprises a generally cylindrical sleeve 31 with an integral rod 32 extending along the longitudinal axis of the sleeve.
Referring to Figure 4, reinforcing member 40 again comprises a generally cylindrical sleeve with an integral rod extending along the longitudinal axis of the sleeve, but including keying portions (indicated at 41 and 42) for enhanced attachment to the elastomeric material.
Figure 5 is a schematic view of a tennis racket frame having a head/shaft portion 50 and a handle/shaft portion 51. The preferred position of separation of the portions 50 and 51 is shown at 52 and the dimensions of portions 50 and 51 are indicated by a, b, c and d respectively. In the example shown in Figure 5, the dimensions were as follows :

a: = 510 mm
b: = 50 mm
c: = 125 mm
d: = 150 mm

In practice, the dimension "d" (distance from the butt of the handle to the point of separation of the two portions 50 and 51) may be in the range 40 mm to 330 mm, preferably 100 mm to 200 mm and ideally about 150 mm.
Preferably the coupling assembly is positioned such that in the finished games racket it would be covered by a grip (e.g. of wound leather) and thus would be within the handle portion. This preferred construction would usually be satisfied by the dimension "d" of being in the range 100 mm to 200 mm.
Referring now to Figures 6 and 7, the frame portions 60 and 61 are separated at a point of discontinuity 62. The portions are subsequently connected by means of a coupling assembly comprising a sleeve 63 and an element 64 of an elastomeric material, element 64 being retained in position by plugs 65 and 66. The coupling assembly includes rods 67 contained within the elastomeric material 64.
In Figures 8 and 9, frame portions 80 and 81 are provided with rebates 82 and 83 respectively to receive a reinforcing plate 84. The frame portions and the plate are drilled to receive pins 85 and 86 made from vibration-damping material. A sleeve 87 surrounds the assembly, which is completed by the injection of elastomeric material 88 through injection hole 89 in the sleeve. The orientation of the assembly is such that the plate 84 is perpendicular to the plane of the strings of the finished racket.
Referring now to Figures 10 and 11, frame parts 101 and 102 are separated at a point of discontinuity 103. Parts 101 and 102 are respectively provided with portions 101A and 102A of reduced diameter, the said portions 101A and 102A being of closed, generally dumbbell section. The frame parts 101 and 102 are connected by means of a coupling assembly comprising a sleeve 104, rods 105 and 106 and an element 107 of an elastomeric material, element 107 being retained in position by plugs 108 and 109 and having been injected through injection hole 110.
In a further alternative embodiment (not illustrated) the two parts of the racket frame to be connected may be provided with co-operating flanges, in the manner of a pipe-joint, wherein the vibration-damping material acts as a gasket between the flanges.
The present invention will be further illustrated by way of the following Example :

EXAMPLE

Two identical rackets were made up from composite materials, using fabrics of carbon fibre and glassfibre impregnated with epoxy resin, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
One of the frames was cut through at a position 135 mm from the end of the shaft and a sleeve measuring 50 mm in length was located in position. Three separate reinforcing rods of length 50 mm and diameter 6mm, made from carbon fibre reinforced nylon, were positioned as shown in Figures 6 and 7, and the space between the plugs was injected with liquid polyurethane resin (CILCAST 101/CILCURE B).
The racket frames were subsequently finished to the same weight and balance by affixing leather grips and by stringing in the customary way.
A test for vibration decay was made on the two rackets by fixing an accelerometer to the grip in each case and connecting this device to an oscillograph. Vibrations were set up in the frame by striking the strung area with a ball and the rate of vibration decay was measured in the two cases. Damping factors (see below) were computed for each racket and the following results were obtained :

in which A₁ and A₂ are the amplitudes of two successive vibration peaks taken from oscillograph readings of decaying vibrations.
It will be seen that the Damping Factor for the racket with the decoupled handle is significantly higher than that for the unmodified racket. This indicates that the effect of vibration on the player will be significantly less and so the tendency to tennis elbow and similar injuries, due to the transmission of shock and vibration, will be correspondingly diminished.
Racket frames according to the present invention may be made of wood, metal or composite materials.
Finally, the present invention also relates to a games racket including a frame as hereinbefore described.

Claims

A games racket frame having a head portion (10) for stringing, a shaft portion (11) and a handle portion (12), the frame being discontinuous in that it comprises two parts of which one part includes the head portion (10) and the other part includes the handle portion (12), or a part thereof, in which the said two parts are connected together by means of a coupling assembly, the said coupling assembly comprising a connecting member (21) and one or more reinforcing members (14) engaging the connecting member (21) and being located so as to overlap both of the said two parts characterised in that the connecting member (21) is bonded to the said two parts and to each of the said reinforcing members (14) whereby the said two parts are inseparably connected together but mechanically isolated one from the other by the connecting member (21) which is a thermoset vibration-damping material (21) comprising a polyurethane elastomer having a rebound resilience in the range 5 to 15% measured according to British Standard B.S. 903 Part A8 : 1990 : Method B : Method for Rebound Resilience and a hardness of 70 to 95° Shore A measured according to British Standard B.S. 2782 : Part 3 : Method 365B : 1992 : Determination of Indentation Hardness by Durometer (Shore Hardness) so that vibrations in the head portion (10) pass through said vibration-damping material (21) and are substantially absorbed by said vibration-damping material (21) before reaching said handle portion (12).
A frame according to Claim 1, characterised in that the vibration-damping material is an injectable material.
A frame according to Claim 1 or 2 characterised in that the reinforcing member consists of a sleeve (63) or collar to be located on the exterior of the frame in a position corresponding to that of the vibration-damping material.
A frame according to Claim 3, characterised in that those portions of the frame which are to be connected by the coupling assembly are of reduced external diameter, whereby the sleeve (63) or collar lies flush with the remaining material portions (60, 61) of the frame on either side of the coupling assembly.
A frame according to Claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the sleeve or collar is provided with one or more keying portions (41, 42) to engage the vibration-damping material.
A frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the reinforcing member includes one or more rods (67) to be located within the vibration-damping material.
A frame according to Claim 6, characterised in that the or each rod is provided with one or more keying portions (42) to engage the vibration-damping material.
A frame according to any one of Claims 3 to 7, characterised in that the or each rod (32) is integrally formed with the collar or sleeve (31).
A frame according to Claim 8, characterised in that the collar or sleeve (31) is of generally cylindrical configuration and one rod (32) extends along the longitudinal axis of the collar or sleeve (31).
A frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the reinforcing member consists of a plate (84) to be located within the vibration-damping material.
A frame according to Claim 10, characterised in that those parts of the frame (80, 81) which are connected by means of the coupling assembly are provided with rebates (82, 83) to receive the plate (84).
A frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the length (d) of the part which includes the handle portion or part thereof is in the range 40 mm to 330 mm.
A frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the length (d) of the part which includes the handle portion or a part thereof is in the range 100 mm to 200 mm.
A frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the length (d) of the part which includes the handle portion or a part thereof is about 150 mm.
A frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the frame consists of two parts connected by means of one coupling assembly.
A games racket characterised in that it has a frame according to any one of the preceding claims.
A games racket according to Claim 16 in which the coupling assembly is within the handle portion and covered by a grip.