EP0451808B1 - Method for compacting, in particular a snow layer on a slope and device therefor - Google Patents
Method for compacting, in particular a snow layer on a slope and device therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0451808B1 EP0451808B1 EP19910105672 EP91105672A EP0451808B1 EP 0451808 B1 EP0451808 B1 EP 0451808B1 EP 19910105672 EP19910105672 EP 19910105672 EP 91105672 A EP91105672 A EP 91105672A EP 0451808 B1 EP0451808 B1 EP 0451808B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- snow
- ground
- slope
- layer
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
- E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H4/00—Working on surfaces of snow or ice in order to make them suitable for traffic or sporting purposes, e.g. by compacting snow
- E01H4/02—Working on surfaces of snow or ice in order to make them suitable for traffic or sporting purposes, e.g. by compacting snow for sporting purposes, e.g. preparation of ski trails; Construction of artificial surfacings for snow or ice sports ; Trails specially adapted for on-the-snow vehicles, e.g. devices adapted for ski-trails
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for solidifying a particularly inclined snow cover and a device for carrying out the method.
- the snow of a blanket of snow undergoes a transformation process, starting with fresh, fresh snow, within which there are a number of different stages, at the end of which there is melting or glacial ice formation.
- a transformation process starting with fresh, fresh snow, within which there are a number of different stages, at the end of which there is melting or glacial ice formation.
- the conversion process is divided into three phases, namely the degrading metamorphosis, during which the snow crystals shrink and the snow cover settles, then the constructive metamorphosis , during which the snow crystals combine to form larger crystals, but there is no further lowering of the snow cover and finally into the melting metamorphosis, during which the crystals melt, the water content increases and, with further reduction of the air pore space, the snow cover settles again.
- stages in all three phases in which the bond to the ground or between individual layers of snow is low e.g. B. significantly increases the risk of avalanches.
- the snow has a high strength at the beginning of the melting metamorphosis, as long as the moisture is low, or also in further stages of the melting metamorphosis, when the water freezes again in the snow with a higher water content. This can be observed, for example, when there is a freeze-thaw change between night and day, when a superficial layer of crust forms.
- the process of converting snow also depends on the temperature conditions. Each phase is accelerated by higher temperatures.
- the snowpack becomes warm on the one hand from the ground and on the other hand from the sun, whereby only the outermost layers are significantly influenced, since snow has a very poor thermal conductivity. Middle layers of a layer of snow therefore change much more slowly.
- the invention has now set itself the task of developing a method and a device that allow to solidify the snow cover of slopes, particularly at risk of avalanches, by accelerating the conversion process.
- the method according to the invention forms approximately frustoconical blocks of high-strength snow. For example, these can stabilize the entire snow cover when the appropriate distances are selected, thus drastically reducing the risk of avalanches.
- the frustoconical blocks reach an upper diameter, which corresponds approximately to the height of the snow cover, and a lower diameter, which is approximately 50% larger.
- An application example could provide such heat conduction paths at a distance of between 10 m and 15 m from one another, with firn snow blocks having a base diameter of about 1.5 m to 2 m being formed at a snow depth of 1 m to 1.5 m.
- the process is favored if the heat conduction paths are led into the ground, since this not only means heat from the snow layer near the ground, but also Geothermal energy is introduced directly into the middle layers of snow.
- the method according to the invention for stabilizing snow on ski slopes which is already present in the final stages of the melting metamorphosis, is also used, for example in the event of warm weather or rising temperatures in spring, as long as the temperature drops correspondingly at night.
- the cold that reaches the ground via the heat transfer paths to the ground can freeze the snow that has melted during the day, so that the usability of the ski slope can be maintained or extended.
- US-A 4,111,258 proposes heat pipes that are buried in the ground to dissipate heat thawing from the ground into the colder ambient air.
- Other designs of heat pipes are known, for example, from EP-B 217 777 and the publications cited therein. They represent a closed, quasi-isothermal system in which heat is transported by evaporation or evaporation and condensation of suitable liquid, in particular in capillary tracks or channels, with a much improved thermal conductivity compared to metals.
- heat pipes rising approximately perpendicularly from the ground are also used to solidify a layer of snow.
- the heat pipes can be in holders to be placed on the ground or anchored in the ground fixed, but they are preferably buried directly into the ground where possible.
- heat pipes according to the invention are not able at all due to their small diameter and the lack of cross-connections To form an obstacle to sliding.
- a device which is particularly suitable for solidifying the snow cover provides, according to the invention, that a plurality of heat pipes rising approximately perpendicularly from the ground are bundled in a cladding tube which has peripheral openings.
- the cladding tube protects the heat pipes against mechanical external stress as much as possible.
- a further embodiment provides that two heat pipes form upstanding end sections of a heat pipe laid on or in the ground.
- the upstanding end sections can be arranged at the edge of the ski slope and above the lying section, cold is supplied in particular to the surface of the earth that is too warm and to the melted lowermost layer of snow.
- the slope shown in Fig. 1 has areas of lower and areas of greater inclination. Angles of inclination for avalanches are between approximately 20 ° and 60 °, in particular between 30 ° and 45 °.
- Heat pipes 2 that form heat conduction paths or that are bundled in cladding tubes 3 penetrate the snow cover 6 and are in particular anchored in the ground 1, for example buried.
- the heat pipes 2 conduct heat from the ground 1 or the layer of snow close to the ground into the middle layer and cold from the air or the top layer of snow into the middle layer and to the ground 1, the extent of the heat or cold transport depending on the general temperature conditions and the Temperature differences between day and night or between the ground and snow cover surface.
- the heat pipes 2 are arranged more densely in more inclined areas and less inclined areas can be left free.
- Fig. 2 shows the surrounding area of a cladding tube 3, in which a bundle of heat pipes 2 is arranged, and which is buried in the ground.
- the heat pipes 2 can extend on the underside like a root into the surrounding area, and on the not shown upper end of the cladding tube 3, a cover is preferably attached.
- FIG. 3 shows a variant of the erection and its arrangement on ski slopes 8.
- Two heat pipes 2 each, which individually or bundled at the edge of the ski slope 8 penetrate their snow cover 6, which is not shown here, approximately vertically, represent end sections of a heat pipe 5 which is preferably laid superficially in the ground and which crosses the ski slope 8.
- the heat pipes 5 serve to maintain the ski slope 8, which can therefore be used for an extended period, since, in the case of general warming, in the spring, for example, it enables the nightly cold to be fed into the water-containing layer of snow, which, like the surface layer, freezes as a result.
- Heat pipes 5, the end sections of which stand up can also be provided to maintain or extend the usability of cross-country trails which contain not only inclined but also horizontal sections.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verfestigen einer insbesondere geneigten Schneedecke und eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for solidifying a particularly inclined snow cover and a device for carrying out the method.
Der Schnee einer Schneedecke durchläuft beginnend vom frischen Neuschnee einen Umwandlungsprozeß, innerhalb dessen eine Anzahl von verschiedenen Stufen gegeben sind, an deren Ende das Abschmelzen oder die Gletschereisbildung steht. Während des Umwandlungsprozesses liegen abhängig von den verschiedensten Einflüssen Umwandlungsstufen vor, die unterschiedliche Eigenschaften der Schneedecke bewirken. Wie dem Lawinenhandbuch des Landes Tirol, Tyrolia-Verlag Innsbruck-Wien im Detail entnommen werden kann, unterteilt sich der Umwandlungsprozeß in drei Phasen, nämlich in die abbauende Metamorphose, während der die Schneekristalle sich verkleinern und die Schneedecke sich setzt, dann in die aufbauende Metamorphose, während der die Schneekristalle sich zu größeren Kristallen verbinden, jedoch keine weitere Senkung der Schneedecke erfolgt und schließlich in die Schmelzmetamorphose, während der die Kristalle anschmelzen, der Wassergehalt steigt und unter weiterer Verringerung des Luftporenraumes die Schneedecke sich wiederum setzt.The snow of a blanket of snow undergoes a transformation process, starting with fresh, fresh snow, within which there are a number of different stages, at the end of which there is melting or glacial ice formation. During the conversion process, depending on the most diverse influences, there are conversion stages that cause different properties of the snow pack. As can be found in detail in the avalanche handbook of the State of Tyrol, Tyrolia-Verlag Innsbruck-Vienna, the conversion process is divided into three phases, namely the degrading metamorphosis, during which the snow crystals shrink and the snow cover settles, then the constructive metamorphosis , during which the snow crystals combine to form larger crystals, but there is no further lowering of the snow cover and finally into the melting metamorphosis, during which the crystals melt, the water content increases and, with further reduction of the air pore space, the snow cover settles again.
In allen drei Phasen existieren Stufen, in denen die Bindung zum Boden oder zwischen einzelnen Schneeschichten gering ist. In diesen Stufen ist z. B. die Lawinengefahr wesentlich erhöht. Eine hohe Festigkeit weist der Schnee anfangs der Schmelzmetamorphose, solange die Feuchtigkeit gering ist, bzw. auch in weiteren Stufen der Schmelzmetamorphose auf, wenn im Schnee mit höherem Wassergehalt das Wasser wieder friert. Dies kann etwa bei Frost-Tau-Wechsel zwischen Nacht und Tag beobachtet werden, wenn sich eine oberflächliche Harschschicht bildet.There are stages in all three phases in which the bond to the ground or between individual layers of snow is low. In these stages, e.g. B. significantly increases the risk of avalanches. The snow has a high strength at the beginning of the melting metamorphosis, as long as the moisture is low, or also in further stages of the melting metamorphosis, when the water freezes again in the snow with a higher water content. This can be observed, for example, when there is a freeze-thaw change between night and day, when a superficial layer of crust forms.
Der Umwandlungsprozeß des Schnees ist auch von den Temperaturverhältnissen abhängig. Jede Phase wird durch höhere Temperaturen beschleunigt. Wärme wird der Schneedecke einerseits vom Boden und andererseits von der Sonne zugeführt, wobei jeweils nur die äußersten Schichten nennenswert beeinflußt werden, da Schnee eine sehr schlechte Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist. Mittlere Schichten einer Schneedecke wandeln sich daher wesentlich langsamer um.The process of converting snow also depends on the temperature conditions. Each phase is accelerated by higher temperatures. The snowpack becomes warm on the one hand from the ground and on the other hand from the sun, whereby only the outermost layers are significantly influenced, since snow has a very poor thermal conductivity. Middle layers of a layer of snow therefore change much more slowly.
Die Erfindung hat es sich nun zur Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zu entwickeln, die es gestatten, durch Beschleunigung des Umwandlungsprozesses die Schneedecke von insbesondere lawinengefährdeten Hängen zu verfestigen.The invention has now set itself the task of developing a method and a device that allow to solidify the snow cover of slopes, particularly at risk of avalanches, by accelerating the conversion process.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch gelöst, daß in der Schneedecke diese annähernd senkrecht durchsetzende Wärmeleitwege ausgebildet werden.According to the invention, this is achieved in that these approximately vertically penetrating heat conduction paths are formed in the snow cover.
Mit Hilfe der die Schneedecke durchsetzenden Wärmeleitwege wird nun auch mittleren Schneeschichten örtlich Wärme aus der wärmeren bodennahen Schneeschicht zugeführt, was deren Umwandlungsprozeß beschleunigt. Des weiteren wird bei entsprechenden Temperaturverhältnissen auch Kälte aus der Luft zugeführt, die ein Wiedergefrieren von angeschmolzenem Schnee ermöglicht. Da die Kälte trotz der Schneedecke auch bis zum Erdboden gelangt, wird dadurch auch die Bindung zum Erdboden durch Anfrieren auf der Unterlage verbessert. Wie Versuche bewiesen haben, bilden sich durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren annähernd kegelstumpfförmige Blöcke aus Firnschnee hoher Festigkeit. Beispielsweise können diese bei Auswahl entsprechender Abstände die gesamte Schneedecke stabilisieren und so sehr rasch die Lawinengefahr drastisch reduzieren. Die kegelstumpfförmigen Blöcke erreichen dabei einen oberen Durchmesser, der etwa der Höhe der Schneedecke entspricht, und einen unteren Durchmesser, der um etwa 50% größer ist. Ein Anwendungsbeispiel könnte derartige Wärmeleitwege im Abstand zwischen 10 m und 15 m voneinander vorsehen, wobei bei einer Schneehöhe von 1 m bis 1,5 m gefestigte Firnschneeblöcke mit einem Basisdurchmesser von etwa 1,5 m bis 2 m entstehen. Das Verfahren wird begünstigt, wenn die Wärmeleitwege bis in den Erdboden geführt werden, da damit nicht nur Wärme aus der bodennahen Schneeschicht, sondern zusätzlich auch Erdwärme direkt in die mittleren Schneeschichten eingeleitet wird.With the aid of the heat conduction paths that penetrate the snow cover, middle layers of snow are now also locally supplied with heat from the warmer layer of snow near the ground, which speeds up their conversion process. In addition, if the temperature conditions are appropriate, cold air is also supplied, which enables the melted snow to freeze again. Since the cold reaches the ground despite the snow cover, it also improves the bond to the ground by freezing on the surface. As tests have shown, the method according to the invention forms approximately frustoconical blocks of high-strength snow. For example, these can stabilize the entire snow cover when the appropriate distances are selected, thus drastically reducing the risk of avalanches. The frustoconical blocks reach an upper diameter, which corresponds approximately to the height of the snow cover, and a lower diameter, which is approximately 50% larger. An application example could provide such heat conduction paths at a distance of between 10 m and 15 m from one another, with firn snow blocks having a base diameter of about 1.5 m to 2 m being formed at a snow depth of 1 m to 1.5 m. The process is favored if the heat conduction paths are led into the ground, since this not only means heat from the snow layer near the ground, but also Geothermal energy is introduced directly into the middle layers of snow.
Eine weitere Anwendung findet das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Schnee auf Schipisten, der bereits in Endstufen der Schmelzmetamorphose vorliegt, etwa bei Warmwettereinbrüchen oder steigenden Temperaturen im Frühjahr, solange ein entsprechendes nächtliches Absinken der Temperatur erfolgt. In diesen Fällen kann die über die Wärmeleitwege in die Schneedecke bis zum Boden gelangende Kälte den tagsüber angeschmolzenen Schnee wiedergefrieren, wodurch die Benützbarkeit der Schipiste erhalten bzw. verlängert werden kann.The method according to the invention for stabilizing snow on ski slopes, which is already present in the final stages of the melting metamorphosis, is also used, for example in the event of warm weather or rising temperatures in spring, as long as the temperature drops correspondingly at night. In these cases, the cold that reaches the ground via the heat transfer paths to the ground can freeze the snow that has melted during the day, so that the usability of the ski slope can be maintained or extended.
Um auf gefrorenem Boden arktischer Regionen gegründete Öl- und Gasleitungen zu stabilisieren, schlägt die US-A 4,111,258 Wärmerohre vor, die in den Erdboden eingesetzt werden, um den Boden auftauende Wärme in die kältere Umgebungsluft abzuleiten. Andere Ausführungen von Wärmerohren sind beispielsweise aus der EP-B 217 777 und den dort zitierten Druckschriften bekannt. Sie stellen ein abgeschlossenes quasiisothermes System dar, in dem durch Verdunsten bzw. Verdampfen und Kondensieren geeigneter Flüssigkeit innerhalb insbesondere kapillarer Bahnen bzw. Kanäle ein Wärmetransport erfolgt, wobei eine gegenüber Metallen um ein Vielfaches verbesserte Wärmeleitfähigkeit erreicht wird. Annähernd senkrecht vom Erdboden hochstehende Wärmerohre werden erfindungsgemäß auch zum Verfestigen einer Schneedecke verwendet.To stabilize oil and gas pipelines based on frozen ground in arctic regions, US-A 4,111,258 proposes heat pipes that are buried in the ground to dissipate heat thawing from the ground into the colder ambient air. Other designs of heat pipes are known, for example, from EP-B 217 777 and the publications cited therein. They represent a closed, quasi-isothermal system in which heat is transported by evaporation or evaporation and condensation of suitable liquid, in particular in capillary tracks or channels, with a much improved thermal conductivity compared to metals. According to the invention, heat pipes rising approximately perpendicularly from the ground are also used to solidify a layer of snow.
Die Wärmerohre, deren Höhe etwa der maximal zu erwartenden Schneehöhe entspricht, können in auf dem Boden aufzustellenden oder im Boden zu verankernden Haltern fixiert werden, bevorzugt sind sie jedoch, wo möglich, direkt in den Erdboden eingegraben. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Lawinenverbauten, in denen massive Schienen gitterartig verbunden und am Hang abgestützt werden, die ein Hindernis gegen das Abgleiten des Schnees aufgrund ihrer flächigen Wirkung darstellen, sind erfindungsgemäße Wärmerohre aufgrund ihres geringen Durchmessers und der fehlenden Querverbindungen gar nicht in der Lage, ein Gleithindernis zu bilden.The heat pipes, the height of which corresponds approximately to the maximum snow depth to be expected, can be in holders to be placed on the ground or anchored in the ground fixed, but they are preferably buried directly into the ground where possible. In contrast to conventional avalanche structures, in which massive rails are connected in a grid-like manner and supported on a slope, which represent an obstacle to the sliding of the snow due to their flat effect, heat pipes according to the invention are not able at all due to their small diameter and the lack of cross-connections To form an obstacle to sliding.
Eine zum Verfestigen der Schneedecke besonders geeignete Einrichtung, sieht erfindungsgemäß vor, daß mehrere vom Erdboden annähernd senkrecht hochstehende Wärmerohre gebündelt in einem Hüllrohr angeordnet sind, das Umfangsöffnungen aufweist. Durch das Hüllrohr sind die Wärmerohre gegen mechanische äußere Beanspruchung weitestmöglich geschützt. Um die Wärmerohre auch zur Schneestabilisierung auf Schipisten einsetzen zu können, ohne sie in der befahrbaren Fläche anzuordnen, sieht eine weitere Ausführung vor, daß je zwei Wärmerohre hochstehende Endabschnitte eines auf dem oder im Erdboden verlegten Wärmerohres bilden. Somit können die hochstehenden Endabschnitte am Rand der Schipiste angeordnet werden und über dem liegenden Abschnitt wird Kälte insbesondere der zu warmen Erdoberfläche und der angeschmolzenen untersten Schneeschicht zugeführt.A device which is particularly suitable for solidifying the snow cover provides, according to the invention, that a plurality of heat pipes rising approximately perpendicularly from the ground are bundled in a cladding tube which has peripheral openings. The cladding tube protects the heat pipes against mechanical external stress as much as possible. Around To be able to use the heat pipes for stabilizing snow on ski slopes without arranging them in the passable area, a further embodiment provides that two heat pipes form upstanding end sections of a heat pipe laid on or in the ground. Thus, the upstanding end sections can be arranged at the edge of the ski slope and above the lying section, cold is supplied in particular to the surface of the earth that is too warm and to the melted lowermost layer of snow.
Nachstehend wird nun die Erfindung an Hand der Figuren der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 schematisch einen Hang mit Wärmerohren,
- Fig. 2 vergrößert den Umgebungsbereich eines Wärmerohrbündels, und
- Fig. 3 einen Ausschnitt einer Schipiste.
- 1 schematically shows a slope with heat pipes,
- 2 enlarges the surrounding area of a heat pipe bundle, and
- Fig. 3 shows a section of a ski slope.
Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Hang weist Bereiche geringer und Bereiche stärkerer Neigung auf. Neigungswinkel für Lawinenabgänge liegen zwischen etwa 20° und 60°, insbesondere zwischen 30° und 45°. Wärmeleitwege bildende, einzelne bzw. in Hüllrohren 3 gebündelte Wärmerohre 2 durchsetzen die Schneedecke 6 und sind insbesondere im Erdboden 1 verankert, beispielsweise eingegraben. Die Wärmerohre 2 führen Wärme vom Erdboden 1 bzw. der erdbodennahen Schneeschicht in die mittlere Schicht sowie Kälte aus der Luft bzw. der obersten Schneeschicht in die mittlere Schicht und zum Erdboden 1 wobei das Ausmaß des Wärme- bzw. Kältetransports von den allgemeinen Temperaturverhältnissen und den Temperaturdifferenzen zwischen Tag und Nacht bzw. zwischen Erdboden und Schneedeckenoberfläche abhängig ist. Die Wärmeleitrohre 2 werden dabei in stärker geneigten Bereichen dichter angeordnet und wenig geneigte Bereiche können freigelassen werden.The slope shown in Fig. 1 has areas of lower and areas of greater inclination. Angles of inclination for avalanches are between approximately 20 ° and 60 °, in particular between 30 ° and 45 °. Heat
Fig. 2 zeigt den Umgebungsbereich eines Hüllrohres 3, in dem ein Bündel von Wärmerohren 2 angeordnet ist, und das in den Erdboden eingegraben ist. Die Wärmerohre 2 können dabei an der Unterseite sich wurzelartig in den Umgebungsbereich erstrecken, und auf dem nicht dargestellten oberen Ende des Hüllrohres 3 ist vorzugsweise eine Abdeckung angebracht. Das insbesondere aus Metall bestehende Hüllrohr 3, dessen lichter Durchmesser beispielsweise 6 cm beträgt, weist Umfangsöffnungen 4 auf. Durch die Zufuhr von Wärme bzw. Kälte in die mittleren Schichten der Schneedecke 6 wird auch dort der Umwandlungsprozeß des Schnees beschleunigt, sodaß sich innerhalb weniger Tage in der Schneedecke ein weitgehend umgewandelter Alt- bzw. Firnschneeblock 7 hoher Festigkeit etwa in der Form eines Kegelstumpfes ausbildet, der auch mit dem Erdboden 1 eine gute Bindung eingeht. Eine entsprechende Verteilung der Wärmerohre 2 auf einem lawinengefährdeten Hang führt daher zur Ausbildung von Gleithindernissen, die die Entladung des Hanges verhindern.Fig. 2 shows the surrounding area of a
In Fig. 3 ist eine Variante der Errichtung sowie ihre Anordnung auf Schipisten 8 gezeigt. Je zwei Wärmerohre 2, die einzeln oder gebündelt am Rand der Schipiste 8 deren hier nicht gezeigten Schneedecke 6 etwa senkrecht durchsetzen, stellen Endabschnitte eines auf dem vorzugsweise im Erdboden oberflächlich verlegten Wärmerohres 5 dar, das die Schipiste 8 quert. Die Wärmerohre 5 dienen dabei der Erhaltung der Schipiste 8, die dadurch verlängert benützbar ist, da sie bei allgemeiner Erwärmung etwa im Frühjahr die Zufuhr der nächtlichen Kälte in die vom Erdboden erwärmte, wasserhältige Schneeschicht ermöglicht, die dadurch ebenso wie die Oberflächenschicht wiedergefriert. Wärmerohre 5, deren Endabschnitte hochstehen, können ebenso auch zur Erhaltung bzw. Verlängerung der Benützbarkeit von Langlaufloipen vorgesehen werden, die nicht nur geneigte sondern auch horizontale Teilstücke enthalten.3 shows a variant of the erection and its arrangement on
Claims (5)
- A method of stabilising an in particular inclined layer of snow (6) characterised in that heat conduction paths are formed in the layer of snow (6), extending approximately perpendicularly therethrough.
- A method according to claim 1 characterised in that the heat conduction paths are taken into the ground (1).
- Use of thermal tubes (2) which are approximately perpendicularly upstanding from the ground (1) for stabilisation of an in particular inclined layer of snow (6).
- A device for stabilising an in particular inclined layer of snow (6) characterised in that a plurality of thermal tubes (2) which are approximately perpendicularly upstanding from the ground (1) are arranged bunched in a casing tube (3) which has peripheral openings (4).
- A device according to claim 4 characterised in that two thermal tubes (2) form respective upstanding end portions of a thermal tube (5) which is laid on or in the ground (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT845/90 | 1990-04-10 | ||
AT84590A AT392992B (en) | 1990-04-10 | 1990-04-10 | METHOD FOR STRENGTHENING A SPECIFICALLY SLOPED SNOW COVER, AND A DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0451808A1 EP0451808A1 (en) | 1991-10-16 |
EP0451808B1 true EP0451808B1 (en) | 1994-06-22 |
Family
ID=3501102
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19910105672 Expired - Lifetime EP0451808B1 (en) | 1990-04-10 | 1991-04-10 | Method for compacting, in particular a snow layer on a slope and device therefor |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0451808B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT392992B (en) |
DE (1) | DE59101970D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19722770A1 (en) * | 1997-06-02 | 1998-12-03 | Friedolf Mutschler | Method and device for combating the formation of avalanches and the like flowing snow phenomena |
FR2914989B1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2009-07-24 | Johnson Controls Neige Soc Par | SNOW PLANT AND STACK FOR SUCH INSTALLATION. |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1056674A (en) * | 1952-05-17 | 1954-03-01 | Retaining box | |
US4111258A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1978-09-05 | Exxon Production Research Company | Split air convection pile |
-
1990
- 1990-04-10 AT AT84590A patent/AT392992B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-04-10 DE DE59101970T patent/DE59101970D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-10 EP EP19910105672 patent/EP0451808B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0451808A1 (en) | 1991-10-16 |
AT392992B (en) | 1991-07-25 |
ATA84590A (en) | 1990-12-15 |
DE59101970D1 (en) | 1994-07-28 |
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